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<mods:title id="11CCD348AB2D390221F2447BD3A7BC38">The third South American species of the genus Pectenobunus Roewer, with a new synonymy for the genus (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Sclerosomatidae, Gagrellinae)</mods:title>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC810C9FFE64F74FDD9EE9D29C2E350" author="Crawford, R. L." box="[544,752,756,779]" page="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FDD9EE9D29C2E350" author="Crawford, R. L." box="[544,752,756,779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref6639" refString="Crawford, R. L. (1992) Catalogue of the genera and type species of the harvestman superfamily Phalangioidea (Arachnida). Burke Museum Contributions Anthropology and Natural History, Seattle, 8, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1992">Crawford 1992: 14</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. [
<typeStatus id="54D2887AFFE64F74FCFAEE9D2806E350" box="[771,820,756,779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species is
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE64F74FC50EE9D2E31E350" authority="Roewer, 1925" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1925" box="[937,1283,756,779]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Caiza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colliculosa">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FC50EE9D2F56E350" box="[937,1124,756,779]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Caiza colliculosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FB95EE9D2E31E350" author="Roewer, C. - F." box="[1132,1283,756,779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref7200" refString="Roewer, C. - F. (1925) Opilioniden aus Sud-Amerika. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 40 (34), 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1925">Roewer, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy].
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FE42EF7A292FE370" bold="true" box="[443,541,787,811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE64F74FEF1EF5D290FE330" blockId="3.[264,1324,596,875]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7911F6FFE64F74FEF1EF5D290FE330" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC810C9FFE64F74FEF1EF5D294DE310" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[264,639,820,843]" page="99" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1933">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE64F74FEF1EF5D294DE310" ID-CoL="9WZ2F" authority="Mello-Leitao 1933: 99" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityPageNumber="99" authorityYear="1933" box="[264,639,820,843]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Acropiliops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FEF1EF5D2AB1E310" box="[264,387,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Acropiliops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FE72EF5D294DE310" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[395,639,820,843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="99 - 103" refId="ref6738" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1933) Quatro novos Palpatores Neotropicos. Annaes da Academia Brasileira de Sciencias, 5 (3), 99 - 103." type="journal article" year="1933">Mello­Leitão 1933: 99</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC810C9FFE64F74FD72EF5D29CBE310" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[651,761,820,843]" page="319" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FD72EF5D29CBE310" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[651,761,820,843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="317 - 337" refId="ref6833" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1938) Palpatores Sul Americanos. Annaes da Academia Brasileira de Sciencias, Rio de Janeiro, 10 (4), 317 - 337." type="journal article" year="1938">1938: 319</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC810C9FFE64F74FCFDEF5D28E3E310" author="Crawford, R. L." box="[772,977,820,843]" page="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FCFDEF5D28E3E310" author="Crawford, R. L." box="[772,977,820,843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref6639" refString="Crawford, R. L. (1992) Catalogue of the genera and type species of the harvestman superfamily Phalangioidea (Arachnida). Burke Museum Contributions Anthropology and Natural History, Seattle, 8, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1992">Crawford 1992: 11</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Synonymy established by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FB0FEF5D2908E330" author="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp; Hunt, G. S." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref6596" refString="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp;. Hunt, G. S. (1993) South American harvestmen of the genus Pectenobunus Roewer (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gagrellidae). Aracnologia, Montevideo, 16, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1993">Cokendolpher &amp; Hunt 1993</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3736553FFE64F71FEF1EFF52AA7E1A5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE64F74FEF1EFF52E30E3ED" blockId="3.[264,1323,924,1870]" box="[264,1282,924,950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FEF1EFF52A98E3ED" bold="true" box="[264,426,924,950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="54D2887AFFE64F74FEF1EFF52A77E3ED" box="[264,325,924,950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE64F74FE4BEFF528D6E3ED" ID-CoL="7Y2NM" authority="(Canestrini, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[434,996,924,950]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FE4BEFF5283AE3EE" box="[434,776,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pectenobunus paraguayensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FCE1EFF528EFE3ED" author="Canestrini, G." box="[792,989,924,950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="100 - 111" refId="ref6330" refString="Canestrini, G. (1888) Intorno ad alcuni Acari ed Opilionidi dell' America. Atti della Societa Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali, Padua, 11 (1), 100 - 111." type="journal article" year="1888">Canestrini, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE64F74FEC1EFAD2ACAE45D" blockId="3.[264,1323,924,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FEC1EFAD2939E385" bold="true" box="[312,523,964,990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Included species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE64F74FDEAEFAD2807E385" ID-CoL="7Y2NL" authority="(Roewer)" authorityName="Tourinho-Davis" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[531,821,964,990]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colliculosus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FDEAEFAD298EE386" box="[531,700,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. colliculosus</emphasis>
(Roewer)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE64F74FCB8EFAD2FAEE385" ID-CoL="7Y2NM" authority="(Canestrini)" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[833,1180,964,990]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FCB8EFAD2F3BE386" box="[833,1033,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. paraguayensis</emphasis>
(Canestrini)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE64F74FB2FEFAD2AC6E45D" ID-CoL="7Y2NN" authority="(Mello-Leitao)" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruricola">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FB2FEFAD2A08E45E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. ruricola</emphasis>
(Mello­Leitão)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE64F74FEC1E87D2A6FE40D" blockId="3.[264,1323,924,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Former diagnoses (each character is numbered and referred to in a subsequent paragraph):</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE64F74FEC1E80D29B5E545" blockId="3.[264,1323,924,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FEC1E80D2ACFE425" bold="true" box="[312,509,1124,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FEC1E80D2AEDE425" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[312,479,1124,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref7172" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1923) Die Weberknechte der Erde Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1116 pp." type="book" year="1923">Roewer, 1923</bibRefCitation>
—
</emphasis>
Eye mound as wide as long (1.1), with one to five spines with three points each (1.2). Dorsum unarmed (2); femur II approximately two times longer than the body, femora I and III approximately as long as the body; femur II with 2 nodules, I, III and IV without nodules (4). Coxae armed with relatively short three­pointed denticles (6), legs relatively short (9) and thin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE64F74FEC1E9452A9EE5CD" blockId="3.[264,1323,924,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FEC1E9452ACDE51D" bold="true" box="[312,511,1324,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FEC1E9452AD3E51D" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[312,481,1324,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="180 - 265" refId="ref7238" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1953) Neotropische Gagrellinae (Opiliones, Arachnidae). (Weitere Weberknechte XVII). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, Berlin, 29 (1), 180 - 265." type="journal article" year="1953">Roewer, 1953</bibRefCitation>
—
</emphasis>
Eye mound with two rows of four to five spines (1.2), abdominal scute evenly curved, unarmed (2); Femur with 0/2/0/0 nodules (3); femora I and III shorter than body (4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE64F74FEC1E9CD287BE6DD" blockId="3.[264,1323,924,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FEC1E9CD2928E5E5" bold="true" box="[312,538,1444,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FEC1E9CD2AC9E5E5" author="Ringuelet, R. A." box="[312,507,1444,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="273 - 308" refId="ref7008" refString="Ringuelet, R. A. (1954) Conspectus y notas criticas sobre los generos Americanos de &quot; Gagrellinae &quot; (Opiliones). Notas del Museo de La Plata, 17 (Zoologia), (153), 273 - 308." type="journal article" year="1954">Ringuelet, 1954</bibRefCitation>
—
</emphasis>
Eye mound with two rows of high spines divergent and variable from three to six, each one with two to four small apical points (1.2). Dorsum unarmed (2). Nodules 0/2/0/0, femur II may have less than two or none: I/2, I/I, I/0 or 0/0 (3). Femora relatively short, I to III about equal, II between 1.5 to 2.3 times, IV around 1.5 the length of the body: a little shorter in females (4). Tegument with reticulations forming alveoli (5). Coxae armed with sharp tri­pointed denticles (6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE64F74FEC1EAFD2E2EE715" blockId="3.[264,1323,924,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE64F74FEC1EAFD2924E6F5" bold="true" box="[312,534,1684,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE64F74FEC1EAFD2AC5E6F5" author="Ringuelet, R. A." box="[312,503,1684,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="127 - 439" refId="ref7053" refString="Ringuelet, R. A. (1959) Los aracnidos Argentinos del orden Opiliones. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivadavia. &quot; Ciencias Zoologicas 5 (2), 127 - 439," type="journal article" year="1959">Ringuelet, 1959</bibRefCitation>
—
</emphasis>
Eye mound armed with two rows of high divergent spines ending in 2, 3 or 4 small apical points (1.2). Dorsum unarmed (2). Femora I and III from a little shorter to a little longer than the body, femur II from 1.5 to two body length, formula: (
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD51FFE64F74FAF4EA8A2E13E6AC" box="[1293,1313,1763,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) 0.9 to 1.3/1.5 to 2.3/0.9 to1.3/13 to 1.9, (
<specimenCount id="9D6FFD51FFE64F74FD0BEB622834E744" box="[754,774,1803,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) 0.8 to 1.1/1.5 to 1.8/0.8 to 1.0/1.2 to 1.4 (4). Tegument with reticulations forming alveoli (5). Coxae: teeth with three sharp points (6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE14F73FEC1ED722F03E18D" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FEC1ED722989E16E" bold="true" box="[312,699,283,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE14F73FEC1ED7229AFE16E" author="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp; Hunt, G. S." box="[312,669,283,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref6596" refString="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp;. Hunt, G. S. (1993) South American harvestmen of the genus Pectenobunus Roewer (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gagrellidae). Aracnologia, Montevideo, 16, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1993">Cokendolpher &amp; Hunt, 1993</bibRefCitation>
—
</emphasis>
Eye mound with four to seven tubercles (each tipped with three to four spines) (1b), presence of two pseudoarticular nodules in femora II (nodules lacking in other femora) (3), femora I equal to or slightly longer (up to 1.5 times) than body (4), abdomen without median spines or tubercles (2), male palpal tarsi lacking ventral rows of denticles (7), penis with a small narrow alate portion (8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE14F73FEC1ED8D28D7E1A5" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" box="[312,997,484,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comments on the characters used in the former diagnoses:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE14F73FEC1EE6229A4E215" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FEC1EE622AABE27E" bold="true" box="[312,409,523,549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(1.1) (6)</emphasis>
These states and
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FD91EE622986E27E" bold="true" box="[616,692,523,549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(7) (8)</emphasis>
characters are widespread in Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FB5BEE652E19E27D" ID-CoL="7NLRP" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1889" box="[1186,1323,524,550]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gagrellinae">Gagrellinae</taxonomicName>
and of limited use for a diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE14F73FEC1EE322AD7E34D" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FEC1EE322A42E22E" bold="true" box="[312,368,603,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(1.2)</emphasis>
Spines and tubercles are also found in species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FC38EE352F58E22E" ID-CoL="7PKJG" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1931" box="[961,1130,604,629]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Holmbergiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FC38EE352F58E22E" box="[961,1130,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holmbergiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FB82EE352E19E22E" ID-CoL="7PHNY" authorityName="Ringuelet" authorityYear="1959" box="[1147,1323,604,629]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Guaranobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FB82EE352E19E22E" box="[1147,1323,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Guaranobunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FEC3EEED2A88E2C6" ID-CoL="7PRVB" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1933" box="[314,442,644,669]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Parageaya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FEC3EEED2A88E2C6" box="[314,442,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parageaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FE11EEED29A0E2C6" ID-CoL="7PKJG" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1931" box="[488,658,644,669]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Holmbergiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FE11EEED29A0E2C6" box="[488,658,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holmbergiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are as shorter as in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FC4DEEED2F03E2C6" ID-CoL="7Y2NN" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[948,1073,644,669]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruricola">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FC4DEEED2F03E2C6" box="[948,1073,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. ruricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and possess three or more small points each, in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FDBAEEC529C1E29E" ID-CoL="7PHNY" authorityName="Ringuelet" authorityYear="1959" box="[579,755,684,709]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Guaranobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FDBAEEC529C1E29E" box="[579,755,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Guaranobunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they have the same number, shape and length as
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FEF1EEBD2A8AE2B6" ID-CoL="7Y2NL" authorityName="Tourinho-Davis" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[264,440,724,749]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colliculosus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FEF1EEBD2A8AE2B6" box="[264,440,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. colliculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FDFBEEBD29E3E2B6" ID-CoL="7Y2NM" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[514,721,724,749]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FDFBEEBD29E3E2B6" box="[514,721,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. paraguayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FCB8EEBD28F3E2B6" ID-CoL="7PRVB" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1933" box="[833,961,724,749]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Parageaya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FCB8EEBD28F3E2B6" box="[833,961,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parageaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the eye mound varies from unarmed to armed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE14F73FEC1EF4D2A68E4FD" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FEC1EF4D2A68E365" bold="true" box="[312,346,804,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(2)</emphasis>
This character is applicable to all Neotropical species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FBEBEF4D2FACE365" ID-CoL="7NLRP" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1889" box="[1042,1182,804,830]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gagrellinae">Gagrellinae</taxonomicName>
, however it does not match the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FD90EF25283FE33E" ID-CoL="7PSSP" box="[617,781,844,869]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FD90EF25283FE33E" box="[617,781,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pectenobunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FCE5EF2528F7E33E" ID-CoL="7Y2NL" authorityName="Tourinho-Davis" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[796,965,844,869]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colliculosus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FCE5EF2528F7E33E" box="[796,965,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. colliculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FC2DEF252FAFE33E" ID-CoL="7Y2NM" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[980,1181,844,869]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FC2DEF252FAFE33E" box="[980,1181,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. paraguayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FB2FEF252A08E3D6" ID-CoL="7Y2NN" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruricola">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FB2FEF252A08E3D6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. ruricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have these processes or tubercles in different sizes in abdominal scute (
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE14F73FB75EF1D2E2EE3D5" box="[1164,1308,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="9.[264,383,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox="[283,1298,313,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-79@9.[269,1301,309,1729]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Fig. 6. P. colliculosus (Roewer). Male (SMF RII/346/144). 6, right pedipalp, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Figs 7–9. Schematic view of Pectenobunus species showing (by the arrows) the armature of the eye mound and the variation in protuberances on the abdominal scute. 7–7a, P. colliculosus; 8–8a, P. paraguayensis; 9–9a, P. ruricola, protuberance indicated by the arrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027786/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 7, 8, 9</figureCitation>
). They are very subtle in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FDE4EFF529A8E3EE" ID-CoL="7Y2NN" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[541,666,924,949]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruricola">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FDE4EFF529A8E3EE" box="[541,666,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. ruricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, almost imperceptible (
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE14F73FC49EFF528C5E3ED" box="[944,1015,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="9.[264,383,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox="[283,1298,313,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-79@9.[269,1301,309,1729]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Fig. 6. P. colliculosus (Roewer). Male (SMF RII/346/144). 6, right pedipalp, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Figs 7–9. Schematic view of Pectenobunus species showing (by the arrows) the armature of the eye mound and the variation in protuberances on the abdominal scute. 7–7a, P. colliculosus; 8–8a, P. paraguayensis; 9–9a, P. ruricola, protuberance indicated by the arrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027786/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), while much more developed in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FE91EFAD2923E386" ID-CoL="7Y2NL" authorityName="Tourinho-Davis" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[360,529,964,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colliculosus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FE91EFAD2923E386" box="[360,529,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. colliculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE14F73FDDBEFAD295BE385" box="[546,617,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="9.[264,383,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox="[283,1298,313,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-79@9.[269,1301,309,1729]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Fig. 6. P. colliculosus (Roewer). Male (SMF RII/346/144). 6, right pedipalp, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Figs 7–9. Schematic view of Pectenobunus species showing (by the arrows) the armature of the eye mound and the variation in protuberances on the abdominal scute. 7–7a, P. colliculosus; 8–8a, P. paraguayensis; 9–9a, P. ruricola, protuberance indicated by the arrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027786/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) and intermediate in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FC9FEFAD2F1DE386" ID-CoL="7Y2NM" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[870,1071,964,989]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FC9FEFAD2F1DE386" box="[870,1071,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. paraguayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE14F73FBC6EFAD2FB5E385" box="[1087,1159,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="9.[264,383,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox="[283,1298,313,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-79@9.[269,1301,309,1729]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Fig. 6. P. colliculosus (Roewer). Male (SMF RII/346/144). 6, right pedipalp, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Figs 7–9. Schematic view of Pectenobunus species showing (by the arrows) the armature of the eye mound and the variation in protuberances on the abdominal scute. 7–7a, P. colliculosus; 8–8a, P. paraguayensis; 9–9a, P. ruricola, protuberance indicated by the arrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027786/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). One projection in the frontal margin of the abdominal scute is found in two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FB80EF852E11E45E" ID-CoL="7PKJG" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1931" box="[1145,1315,1004,1029]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Holmbergiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FB80EF852E11E45E" box="[1145,1315,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holmbergiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FE13E87D29A8E476" ID-CoL="7PHNY" authorityName="Ringuelet" authorityYear="1959" box="[490,666,1044,1069]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Guaranobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FE13E87D29A8E476" box="[490,666,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Guaranobunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<typeStatus id="54D2887AFFE14F73FD07E87D2802E475" box="[766,816,1044,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
species of
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FC4AE87D2E11E476" box="[947,1315,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FC4AE87D2F06E476" ID-CoL="7PRVB" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1933" box="[947,1076,1044,1069]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Parageaya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parageaya</taxonomicName>
–
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FBA8E87D2E11E476" ID-CoL="7XW9Q" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1933" box="[1105,1315,1044,1069]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Parageaya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciliata">Parageaya ciliata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. The presence of the armature in the abdominal scute supports the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FBA7E8552FEFE40D" box="[1118,1245,1084,1110]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gagrelleae">Gagrelleae</taxonomicName>
and it may be a convergence in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FDBFE80D29D8E426" ID-CoL="7PSSP" box="[582,746,1124,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FDBFE80D29D8E426" box="[582,746,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pectenobunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FD04E80D2F5BE426" box="[765,1129,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FD04E80D2898E426" ID-CoL="7PKJG" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1931" box="[765,938,1124,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Holmbergiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Holmbergiana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FC40E80D2F5BE426" ID-CoL="7PHNY" authorityName="Ringuelet" authorityYear="1959" box="[953,1129,1124,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Guaranobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Guaranobunus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FB53E80D2A61E4FE" ID-CoL="7XW9Q" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1933" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Parageaya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FB53E80D2A61E4FE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parageaya ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE14F72FEC1E8DD2FF8E29D" blockId="4.[264,1325,283,1870]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1324,284,1310]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The tribes
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FE42E8DD2908E495" box="[443,570,1204,1230]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gagrelleae">Gagrelleae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FD83E8DD29DEE495" box="[634,748,1204,1230]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Zalepteae">Zalepteae</taxonomicName>
were established by Roewer (1954, 1955), this dichotomy was based upon two states of the same external character, presence or absence of spines on the abdominal scute. Following the concept of Roewer the New World
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FEF1E9452AA3E51D" ID-CoL="7NLRP" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1889" box="[264,401,1324,1350]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gagrellinae">Gagrellinae</taxonomicName>
were recognized mainly by the absence of spines on abdominal scute, tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FEF1E93D2A4FE535" box="[264,381,1364,1390]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Zalepteae">Zalepteae</taxonomicName>
, and most of the Old World species (tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FC89E93D28C3E535" box="[880,1009,1364,1390]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gagrelleae">Gagrelleae</taxonomicName>
) by the presence of one or more spines. It seems that Roewer did not consider in his analysis the well developed spines present on the abdominal scute of his
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FCDEE9CD28C4E5E6" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1925" box="[807,1014,1444,1469]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Caiza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colliculosa">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FCDEE9CD28C4E5E6" box="[807,1014,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Caiza colliculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, much as he did with the protuberances shown in species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FD5DE9A5287AE5BE" ID-CoL="7PSSP" box="[676,840,1484,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FD5DE9A5287AE5BE" box="[676,840,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pectenobunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FCAEE9A52F33E5BE" ID-CoL="7PKJG" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1931" box="[855,1025,1484,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Holmbergiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FCAEE9A52F33E5BE" box="[855,1025,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holmbergiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FBC2E9A52F89E5BE" ID-CoL="7PRVB" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1933" box="[1083,1211,1484,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Parageaya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE14F73FBC2E9A52F89E5BE" box="[1083,1211,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parageaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Martens (1987) presented several illustrations of Old World species without any spine or protuberance on the ventral surface of the body. As what happens with most of the New World
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FEF1EA2D2AA3E605" ID-CoL="7NLRP" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1889" box="[264,401,1604,1630]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gagrellinae">Gagrellinae</taxonomicName>
the systematics of Old World is as confused, if not more chaotic than it is in their American counterparts. Since Roewer’s publications the groups of species placed together in Old World genera have never been subject of systematic revisions. However a large number of new taxa have been described in the last years according with the Roewerian system (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE14F73FE59EA8D290BE6A5" author="Suzuki, S." box="[416,569,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref7382" refString="Suzuki, S. (1963) A new genus of Gagrellinae (Opiliones) from Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 36 (2), 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1963">Suzuki 1963</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE14F73FDBFEA8D29B1E6A5" author="Suzuki, S." box="[582,643,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="11 - 77" refId="ref7413" refString="Suzuki, S. (1969) On a collection of opilionids from southeast Asia. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, Series B, Division I (Zoology), 22 (2), 11 - 77." type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE14F73FD68EA8D29FCE6A5" author="Suzuki, S." box="[657,718,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="29 - 57" refId="ref7455" refString="Suzuki, S. (1970) Report on a collection of opilionids from Nepal. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, Series B, Division I (Zoology), 23, 29 - 57." type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE14F73FD22EA8D2817E6A5" author="Suzuki, S." box="[731,805,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="121 - 157" refId="ref7494" refString="Suzuki, S. (1977 a). Opiliones from Taiwan (Arachnida). Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, Series B, Division I, (Zoology), 27 (1), 121 - 157." type="journal article" year="1977">1977a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE14F73FCCAEA8D28B3E6A5" author="Suzuki, S." box="[819,897,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref7537" refString="Suzuki, S. (1977 b). Report on a collection of opilionids from Philippines. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, Series B, Division I (Zoology), 27, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1977">1977b</bibRefCitation>
). The only work presenting detailed descriptions for both external and genital mophology, and discussion of the genital patterns among the Old World species (
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE14F73FD54EB5D281CE715" box="[685,814,1844,1870]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gagrelleae">Gagrelleae</taxonomicName>
included) were done by Martens (1987) for the Nepalese species. However for his work Martens did not revise the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FB3BED752E19E16E" ID-CoL="7PGDD" authorityName="Stoliczka" authorityYear="1869" box="[1218,1323,284,309]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Gagrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FB3BED752E19E16E" box="[1218,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gagrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the
<typeStatus id="54D2887AFFE04F72FEB8ED2D2A41E105" box="[321,371,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
genus of the subfamily), gave descriptions or discussed the characters of the penis shared by the species within this genus. Martens studied and described a large number of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FE37EDFD2905E1F6" ID-CoL="7PGDD" authorityName="Stoliczka" authorityYear="1869" box="[462,567,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Gagrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FE37EDFD2905E1F6" box="[462,567,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gagrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although examining the illustrations given in the paper it can be noted that the species did not share external or genital similarities suggesting a closer relationship among them, or supporting this group as monophyletic. On the opposite there is high variety of size and shape in the stylus, glans (including the angle formed by shaftglans), winglets, and shaft among the
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FD29EE5D28A4E215" box="[720,918,564,590]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Gagrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FD29EE5D280BE216" box="[720,825,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gagrella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
studied for the work. Knowing if the two tribes
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FE48EE352902E22D" box="[433,560,604,630]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gagrelleae">Gagrelleae</taxonomicName>
and Zaleptinae make sense for the modern concept and study in
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FEF1EEED2A48E2C5" ID-CoL="3Q2" box="[264,378,644,670]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Opiliones</taxonomicName>
will depend upon systematic revisions refining descriptions, illustrations, studying genitalia and external morphology of Old World
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FC8BEEC528C9E29D" ID-CoL="7NLRP" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1889" box="[882,1019,684,710]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gagrellinae">Gagrellinae</taxonomicName>
in a deeper level.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE04F72FEC1EEBD2F29E45D" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The western South American species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FCD8EEBD2898E2B5" ID-CoL="7NLRP" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1889" box="[801,938,724,750]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gagrellinae">Gagrellinae</taxonomicName>
have some similarities with the Old World species of the same subfamily, not presently shared with the Tropical South American species. Cokendolpher (1984) commented about the closer affinities among the only one Colombian (Punta di Carmen) species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FCACEF2528F5E33D" ID-CoL="7NW7T" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1915" box="[853,967,844,870]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Carmenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carmenia</taxonomicName>
and the eastern Asian species, including some characters present in species of other subfamilies such as Sclesomatinae. Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FE71EFF5291EE3EE" ID-CoL="7PSSP" box="[392,556,924,949]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FE71EFF5291EE3EE" box="[392,556,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pectenobunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also share a set of characters with Asian
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FBF7EFF52FA8E3ED" ID-CoL="7NLRP" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1889" box="[1038,1178,924,950]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gagrellinae">Gagrellinae</taxonomicName>
, as the presence of spines or protuberances on the abdominal scute (
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE04F72FC46EFAD2F06E385" box="[959,1076,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="9.[264,383,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox="[283,1298,313,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-79@9.[269,1301,309,1729]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Fig. 6. P. colliculosus (Roewer). Male (SMF RII/346/144). 6, right pedipalp, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Figs 7–9. Schematic view of Pectenobunus species showing (by the arrows) the armature of the eye mound and the variation in protuberances on the abdominal scute. 7–7a, P. colliculosus; 8–8a, P. paraguayensis; 9–9a, P. ruricola, protuberance indicated by the arrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027786/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
) and the very small sclerites present on the lateral sides of the opisthosoma (
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE04F72FC65EF852F3CE45D" box="[924,1038,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1145,1169]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,327,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-234@7.[241,1346,321,1126]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Pectenobunus colliculosus (Roewer). (paratypes SMF RII/346/144). Male: 1, dorsal view; 1a, detail showing the sculpture of the tegument; 3, male, lateral view; 5, right chelicerae showing ventrobasal spine in the detail; Female: 2, dorsal view; 4, lateral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm for Figs 1–4; = 0.5 mm for Fig 5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027784/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE04F72FEC1E87D2AB5E425" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FEC1E87D2A68E475" bold="true" box="[312,346,1044,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(3)</emphasis>
This character may be variable even in the same species, and the same number appears in several species of
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FD99E8552838E40E" ID-CoL="7PKJG" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1931" box="[608,778,1084,1109]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Holmbergiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FD99E8552838E40E" box="[608,778,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holmbergiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, variation should be included in the statement of number.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE04F72FEC1E8E52A8EE495" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FEC1E8E52A68E4FD" bold="true" box="[312,346,1164,1190]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(4)</emphasis>
This character varies in the three species thus it is ineffective for the generic diagnosis (
<tableCitation id="C6EB0363FFE04F72FEAAE8DD2A99E495" box="[339,427,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,343,1363,1384]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of the body and femora of the three species attributed to Pectenobunus Roewer, 1910." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166650FFE04F72FEF1E93A2A0DE5CA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF166650FFE04F72FEF1E93A2A0DE5CA">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE04F72FEC1E8B5287DE545" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FEC1E8B52AB6E4AD" bold="true" box="[312,388,1244,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(5) (9)</emphasis>
These states match the genus, but they are also present in all species attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FEDFE96D2AE4E546" ID-CoL="7PHNY" authorityName="Ringuelet" authorityYear="1959" box="[294,470,1284,1309]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Guaranobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FEDFE96D2AE4E546" box="[294,470,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Guaranobunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FE1CE96D29BCE546" ID-CoL="7PKJG" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1931" box="[485,654,1284,1309]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Holmbergiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FE1CE96D29BCE546" box="[485,654,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holmbergiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FD3EE96D2875E546" ID-CoL="7PRVB" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1933" box="[711,839,1284,1309]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Parageaya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FD3EE96D2875E546" box="[711,839,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Parageaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF166650FFE04F72FEF1E93A2A0DE5CA" ID-Table-UUID="DF166650FFE04F72FEF1E93A2A0DE5CA" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF166650FFE04F72FEF1E93A2A0DE5CA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[264,343,1363,1384]" targetBox="[267,1310,1463,1668]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE04F72FEF1E93A2A0DE5CA" blockId="5.[264,1323,1363,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FEF1E93A2A41E533" bold="true" box="[264,371,1363,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements of the body and femora of the three species attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FBB5E93D2A0AE5D4" ID-CoL="7PSSP" authority="Roewer, 1910" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1910" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FBB5E93D2FE0E532" box="[1100,1234,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pectenobunus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE04F72FB22E93D2A0AE5D4" author="Roewer, C. F." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref7117" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1910) Revision der Opiliones Plagiostethi (= Opiliones Palpatores). I. Teil: Familie der Phalangiidae. (Subfamilien: Gagrellini, Liobunini, Leptobunini.) Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, Hamburg, 19 (4), 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1910">Roewer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE04F72FEF2E9DE2FC8E6DF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<table id="F969C478FFE0B088FEF2E9DE2E2CE6DF" box="[267,1310,1463,1668]" gridcols="6" gridrows="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<tr id="3559349AFFE0B088FEF2E9DE2E2CE595" box="[267,1310,1463,1486]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76885DE6FFE0B088FEF2E9DE2ADAE595" box="[267,488,1463,1486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Species (males)</th>
<th id="76885DE6FFE0B088FCD1E9DE2F26E595" box="[808,1044,1463,1486]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Measurements (mm)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3559349AFFE0B088FEF2E9B62E2CE5AD" box="[267,1310,1503,1526]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FDA0E9B629BFE5AD" box="[601,653,1503,1526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Body</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FCD1E9B62846E5AD" box="[808,884,1503,1526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Femur I</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FC52E9B62F26E5AD" box="[939,1044,1503,1526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Femur II</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FBCBE9B62FABE5AD" box="[1074,1177,1503,1526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Femur III</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FB4FE9B62E2CE5AD" box="[1206,1310,1503,1526]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Femur IV</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3559349AFFE0B088FEF2EA7B2E2CE672" box="[267,1310,1554,1577]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DE6FFE0B088FEF2EA7B2ADAE672" box="[267,488,1554,1577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FECAEA7B2AFEE672" ID-CoL="7Y2NL" authorityName="Tourinho-Davis" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[307,460,1554,1577]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colliculosus">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FECAEA7B2AFEE672" box="[307,460,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. colliculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FDA0EA7B29BFE672" box="[601,653,1554,1577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.6</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FCD1EA7B2846E672" box="[808,884,1554,1577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.5</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FC52EA7B2F26E672" box="[939,1044,1554,1577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.2</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FBCBEA7B2FABE672" box="[1074,1177,1554,1577]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.9</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FB4FEA7B2E2CE672" box="[1206,1310,1554,1577]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3559349AFFE0B088FEF2EA292E2CE60C" box="[267,1310,1600,1623]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DE6FFE0B088FEF2EA292ADAE60C" box="[267,488,1600,1623]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FECAEA292ADAE60C" ID-CoL="7Y2NM" baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[307,488,1600,1623]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraguayensis">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FECAEA292ADAE60C" box="[307,488,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. paraguayensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FDA0EA2929BFE60C" box="[601,653,1600,1623]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.0</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FCD1EA292846E60C" box="[808,884,1600,1623]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.0</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FC52EA292F26E60C" box="[939,1044,1600,1623]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.0</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FBCBEA292FABE60C" box="[1074,1177,1600,1623]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.0</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FB4FEA292E2CE60C" box="[1206,1310,1600,1623]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3559349AFFE0B088FEF2EA042E2CE6DF" box="[267,1310,1645,1668]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76885DE6FFE0B088FEF2EA042ADAE6DF" box="[267,488,1645,1668]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C694D5BFFE04F72FECAEA042A96E6DF" ID-CoL="7Y2NN" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[307,420,1645,1668]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Pectenobunus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruricola">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FECAEA042A96E6DF" box="[307,420,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. ruricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FDA0EA0429BFE6DF" box="[601,653,1645,1668]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.6</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FCD1EA042846E6DF" box="[808,884,1645,1668]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.9</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FC52EA042F26E6DF" box="[939,1044,1645,1668]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.9</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FBCBEA042FABE6DF" box="[1074,1177,1645,1668]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4.7</td>
<td id="76885DE6FFE0B088FB4FEA042E2CE6DF" box="[1206,1310,1645,1668]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE04F71FEC1EAD62AA7E1A5" blockId="5.[264,1321,1727,1874]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1325,284,590]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE04F72FEC1EAD6290BE682" bold="true" box="[312,569,1727,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Emended Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Eye mound armed with two rows of three to seven spines or shorter tubercles with three to four apical points each (
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE04F72FC7EEA812F20E759" box="[903,1042,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="9.[264,383,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox="[283,1298,313,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-79@9.[269,1301,309,1729]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Fig. 6. P. colliculosus (Roewer). Male (SMF RII/346/144). 6, right pedipalp, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Figs 7–9. Schematic view of Pectenobunus species showing (by the arrows) the armature of the eye mound and the variation in protuberances on the abdominal scute. 7–7a, P. colliculosus; 8–8a, P. paraguayensis; 9–9a, P. ruricola, protuberance indicated by the arrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027786/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 7a–9a</figureCitation>
; fig.
<quantity id="4C919B3DFFE04F72FBB4EA812F48E759" box="[1101,1146,1768,1794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE04F72FB7BEA812A98E771" author="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp; Hunt, G. S." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref6596" refString="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp;. Hunt, G. S. (1993) South American harvestmen of the genus Pectenobunus Roewer (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gagrellidae). Aracnologia, Montevideo, 16, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1993">Cokendolpher &amp; Hunt 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Abdominal scute with one subtle protuberance, three small projections or three blunt process sharply marked in both males and females (
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE04F72FBFCEB512F48E709" box="[1029,1146,1848,1874]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–9" captionStartId="9.[264,383,1746,1770]" captionTargetBox="[283,1298,313,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-79@9.[269,1301,309,1729]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6–9. Fig. 6. P. colliculosus (Roewer). Male (SMF RII/346/144). 6, right pedipalp, lateral view. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Figs 7–9. Schematic view of Pectenobunus species showing (by the arrows) the armature of the eye mound and the variation in protuberances on the abdominal scute. 7–7a, P. colliculosus; 8–8a, P. paraguayensis; 9–9a, P. ruricola, protuberance indicated by the arrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027786/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
). Femoral formula: 0/0­2/0/0. Winglets of penis narrow (longer than wide), distal portion straighter without projections. Outline of winglets not very sinuous or undulated (
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE34F71FB99ED2D2A1AE1DD" captionStart="FIGURES 10–15" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[274,1307,902,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-194@10.[266,1321,889,1683]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10–15. Figures 10–11, 14. P. colliculosus. Male (SMF RII/346/144), Penis, 10, ventral view; 11. lateral view; 14, anterior half, ventral view. Figures 12–13,15. P. paraguayensis. Male, (SMF R I/4/573), penis, 12, ventral view; 13, lateral view; 15 anterior half, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm for Figs 10–11, 12–13; = 0.25 mm for Figs. 14–15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027788/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 10, 12, 14– 15</figureCitation>
; fig.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE34F71FE67ED0529C2E1DD" author="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp; Hunt, G. S." box="[414,752,364,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref6596" refString="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp;. Hunt, G. S. (1993) South American harvestmen of the genus Pectenobunus Roewer (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gagrellidae). Aracnologia, Montevideo, 16, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1993">Cokendolpher &amp; Hunt 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Shaft forming acute angle (less than 25º) with the glans (
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE34F71FE7AEDFD2920E1F5" box="[387,530,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–15" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[274,1307,902,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-194@10.[266,1321,889,1683]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10–15. Figures 10–11, 14. P. colliculosus. Male (SMF RII/346/144), Penis, 10, ventral view; 11. lateral view; 14, anterior half, ventral view. Figures 12–13,15. P. paraguayensis. Male, (SMF R I/4/573), penis, 12, ventral view; 13, lateral view; 15 anterior half, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm for Figs 10–11, 12–13; = 0.25 mm for Figs. 14–15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027788/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 11, 13</figureCitation>
; fig.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE34F71FD7FEDFD28E7E1F5" author="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp; Hunt, G. S." box="[646,981,404,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref6596" refString="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp;. Hunt, G. S. (1993) South American harvestmen of the genus Pectenobunus Roewer (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gagrellidae). Aracnologia, Montevideo, 16, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1993">Cokendolpher &amp; Hunt 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Transverse section of glans elliptical. Stylus short (20% the length of glans) (
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE34F71FCA2EDD528DEE18D" box="[859,1004,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–15" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[274,1307,902,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-194@10.[266,1321,889,1683]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 10–15. Figures 10–11, 14. P. colliculosus. Male (SMF RII/346/144), Penis, 10, ventral view; 11. lateral view; 14, anterior half, ventral view. Figures 12–13,15. P. paraguayensis. Male, (SMF R I/4/573), penis, 12, ventral view; 13, lateral view; 15 anterior half, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm for Figs 10–11, 12–13; = 0.25 mm for Figs. 14–15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027788/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 14–15</figureCitation>
; fig.
<quantity id="4C919B3DFFE34F71FBD5EDD52F69E18D" box="[1068,1115,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B29FFE34F71FB9DEDD52ABBE1A5" author="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp; Hunt, G. S." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref6596" refString="Cokendolpher, J. C. &amp;. Hunt, G. S. (1993) South American harvestmen of the genus Pectenobunus Roewer (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gagrellidae). Aracnologia, Montevideo, 16, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1993">Cokendolpher &amp; Hunt 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3736553FFE34F71FEC1EE622A9BE215" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD636D8FFE34F71FEC1EE622A9BE215" blockId="6.[264,1325,284,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B91DEACAFFE34F71FEC1EE622AEAE27E" bold="true" box="[312,472,523,549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</emphasis>
Southern
<collectingCountry id="F37E7648FFE34F71FDAFEE652993E27D" box="[598,673,524,550]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7648FFE34F71FD56EE65283AE27D" box="[687,776,524,550]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7648FFE34F71FCEFEE6528B6E27D" box="[790,900,524,550]" name="Paraguay" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37E7648FFE34F71FC6AEE6528CBE27D" box="[915,1017,524,550]" name="Uruguay" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
and Northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F37E7648FFE34F71FB23EE652A06E215" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13522A5DFFE34F71FEBDEE5D2AA9E215" box="[324,411,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="11.[264,367,1462,1486]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,321,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-88@11.[285,1302,321,1436]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 16. Western South America showing distribution of the three nominal species of Pectenobunus Roewer. P. paraguayensis (triangles), P. ruricola (square), P. colliculosus (circles). This map includes Paraguay, Uruguay, part of Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. Dotted lines = countrys and state boundaries, thin lines = rivers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5027790/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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