164 lines
20 KiB
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164 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="ADB6C39EAA6725392C6CBDC2D9108933" ID-CLB-Dataset="5634" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdd39956-de72-43ea-afa3-cf79f805dd83" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4913561" ID-ZooBank="D2764982-F7D7-4922-BF3F-8314FE9FD869" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623171832930" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schoddei, Richard & Christidis, Les" docDate="2014" docId="03C087B55B6CA843FF75F8D8FB43FCA6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03786p522.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3786 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ifrita Rothschild 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="511" masterDocId="FFF9FFCD5B65A849FFE2FFADFF95FFB3" masterDocTitle="Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal" masterLastPageNumber="522" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="510" updateTime="1699005125857" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="49C45ED7A2184D04D5E6BC701EDC6F10">Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="38E5F9483D395953D1BE05C9E421B5C2">Schoddei, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5CF3C319737175717B3800BF7E4F13E3">Christidis, Les</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1ADD2CBA767EDF28D5B256B0E7C9FF44">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="796AAA00BDCFB43AFEDF2A3BF2CB7B2F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="61AFCD069C5B297168DAC866FBCC5A63">
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<mods:date id="D818B357A283797428F7E1758CB6FAA8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4317DFE514AD991C3D70699A95FA95A1">2014-04-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9266C39F516CFA4125880C41F358E120" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CABA89F25D93BDD237605CE9BCEB3F93">3786</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="77DC77E6958E91EA56413BCFF4C1CA68">5</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="339EDAD688E180F2AB65E6A2FB463721" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C087B55B6CA843FF75F8D8FB43FCA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079533" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183401428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5079533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087B55B6CA843FF75F8D8FB43FCA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087B55B6CA843FF75F8D8FB43FCA6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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<subSubSection id="C37365285B6CA840FF75F8D8FF66F83C" box="[151,243,1909,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B6CA840FF75F8D8FF66F83C" blockId="9.[151,243,1909,1935]" box="[151,243,1909,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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<heading id="D09E81CF5B6CA840FF75F8D8FF66F83C" bold="true" box="[151,243,1909,1935]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6CA840FF75F8D8FF66F83C" bold="true" box="[151,243,1909,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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4.
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6CA840FF56F8D8FF66F83C" ID-CoL="53QD" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1898" box="[180,243,1909,1935]" class="Aves" family="Monarchidae" genus="Ifrita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6CA840FF56F8D8FF66F83C" bold="true" box="[180,243,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Ifrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37365285B6CA843FF75F818FB43FCA6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B6CA843FF75F818FBC5FE63" blockId="9.[151,1436,1973,2034]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">
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The relationships of New Guinean
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6CA840FDC6F818FDCBF87D" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1898" box="[548,606,1973,1998]" class="Aves" family="Monarchidae" genus="Ifrita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6CA840FDC6F818FDCBF87D" box="[548,606,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="510">Ifrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have long been perplexing.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6CA840FC42F818FBCCF87D" author="Mathews, G. M." box="[928,1113,1973,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" pagination="427 - 1048" refId="ref18089" refString="Mathews, G. M. (1930) Systema Avium Australasianarum. Part 2. British Ornithologists' Union, London, 427 - 1048." type="book chapter" year="1930">Mathews (1930)</bibRefCitation>
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referred the genus to family
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6CA840FF75F874FEBBF841" box="[151,302,2009,2034]" family="Bowdleriidae" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" rank="family">Bowdleriidae</taxonomicName>
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in the Old World warbler complex,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6CA840FD03F877FCE6F841" author="Mayr, E." box="[737,883,2009,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref18185" refString="Mayr, E. (1941) List of New Guinea Birds. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 260 pp." type="book" year="1941">Mayr (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6CA840FC51F874FB52F841" author="Rand, A. & Gilliard, E. T." box="[947,1223,2009,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="510" refId="ref18830" refString="Rand, A. L & Gilliard, E. T. (1967) Handbook of New Guinea Birds. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 611 pp." type="book" year="1967">Rand & Gilliard (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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to the Old World babblers (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FEE7FF3AFE11FF03" box="[261,388,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Timaliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Timaliidae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FE74FF3AFDDFFF03" author="Deignan, H. G." box="[406,586,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="228 - 240" refId="ref16504" refString="Deignan, H. G. (1964) Family Orthonychidae. In: Mayr, E & Paynter, R. A. Jr. (Eds.), Check-list of Birds of the World, A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 10. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 228 - 240." type="book chapter" year="1964">Deignan (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FDB4FF3AFCF6FF03" author="Beehler, B. M. & Finch, B. W." box="[598,867,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" refId="ref15493" refString="Beehler, B. M. & Finch, B. W. (1985) Species-checklist of the Birds of New Guinea. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union Monograph 1. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Moonee Ponds, 127 pp." type="book" year="1985">Beehler & Finch (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FC79FF3AFB11FF03" author="Beehler, B. M. & Pratt, T. K. & Zimmerman, D. A." box="[923,1156,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" refId="ref15535" refString="Beehler, B. M., Pratt, T. K. & Zimmerman, D. A. (1986) Birds of New Guinea. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 293 pp." type="book" year="1986">
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Beehler
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FC18FF34FBBEFF03" box="[1018,1067,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al</emphasis>
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. (1986)
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</bibRefCitation>
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to an enlarged Australo- Papuan
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FF11FF11FE0CFF66" authorityName="G.R.Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[243,409,188,213]" class="Aves" family="Orthonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Orthonychidae</taxonomicName>
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(logrunners), and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FD93FF11FC81FF66" author="Boles, W. E." box="[625,788,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="348 - 373" refId="ref15860" refString="Boles, W. E. (2007 b) Family Eupetidae (jewel-babblers and allies). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D. (Eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 348 - 373." type="book chapter" year="2007">Boles (2007b)</bibRefCitation>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FCDFFF11FC25FF66" box="[829,944,188,213]" class="Aves" family="Eupetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eupetidae</taxonomicName>
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, which included a mix of Afro-Asian railbabblers and Australo-Papuan whipbirds and quail-thrushes. Cracraft
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FC55FF4CFC67FF4B" box="[951,1010,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FBF9FF72FB77FF4B" author="Dickinson, E. C." box="[1051,1250,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" refId="ref16665" refString="Dickinson, E. C. (Ed.) (2003) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 3 rd Edition. Christopher Helm, London, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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treated
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FAA3FF72FAEEFF4B" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1898" box="[1345,1403,223,248]" class="Aves" family="Monarchidae" genus="Ifrita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FAA3FF72FAEEFF4B" box="[1345,1403,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Ifrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FF75FEA8FEA6FEAE" box="[151,307,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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. Since then four multi-locus DNA sequence studies have clarified its position (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FB5BFEA9FA02FEAE" author="Jonsson, K. A. & Bowie, R. C. K. & Norman, J. A. & Christidis, L. & Fjelds a, J." box="[1209,1431,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref17586" refString="Jonsson, K. A., Bowie, R. C. K., Norman, J. A., Christidis, L. & Fjelds a, J. (2007) Polyphyletic origin of toxic pitohui birds suggests widespread occurrence of toxicity in corvoid birds. Biology Letters, 4, 71 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rsbl. 2007.0464" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Jønsson
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FAF9FEA8FAD8FEAE" box="[1307,1357,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FF75FE8AFF44FEF3" author="Jonsson, K. A. & Fabre, P. - H. & Ricklefs, R. E. & Fjelds a, J." box="[151,209,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="2328 - 2333" refId="ref17856" refString="Jonsson, K. A., Fabre, P. - H., Ricklefs, R. E. & Fjelds a, J. (2011) Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto- Papuan archipelago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 108, 2328 - 2333. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1018956108" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FF03FE85FE4DFEF3" author="Norman, J. A. & Ericson, P. G. & Jonsson, K. A. & Fjelds a, J. & Christidis, L." box="[225,472,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="488 - 497" refId="ref18462" refString="Norman, J. A., Ericson, P. G. P, Jonsson, K. A., Fjelds a, J. & Christidis, L. (2009 b) A multi-gene phylogeny reveals novel relationships for aberrant genera of Australo-Papuan core Corvoidea and polyphyly of the Pachycephalidae and Psophodidae (Aves: Passeriformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 488 - 497. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.03.019" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Norman
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FEA5FE84FE11FEF3" box="[327,388,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
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2009b
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FE05FE8AFD64FEF3" author="Aggerbeck, M. & Fjelds a, J. & Christidis, L. & Fabre, P. - H. & Jonsson, K. A." box="[487,753,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="272 - 285" refId="ref15184" refString="Aggerbeck, M., Fjelds a, J., Christidis, L., Fabre, P. - H. & Jonsson, K. A. (2014) Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan island origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 70, 272 - 285. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.09.027" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Aggerbeck
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FD8FFE84FD37FEF3" box="[621,674,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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). All found it embedded, without close relatives, among a cluster of Australasian and Old World corvoid families that includes the monarchs (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FB7AFEE1FAA7FED6" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[1176,1330,332,357]" class="Aves" family="Monarchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Monarchidae</taxonomicName>
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), shrikes (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FF7CFEC2FE93FE3B" box="[158,262,367,392]" class="Aves" family="Laniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Laniidae</taxonomicName>
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), crows (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FE91FEC2FE4AFE3B" box="[371,479,367,392]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corvidae</taxonomicName>
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), birds-of-paradise (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FD2AFEC2FCF3FE3B" box="[712,870,367,392]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paradisaeidae</taxonomicName>
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) and Australian mudnesters (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FB5CFEC2FACEFE3B" box="[1214,1371,367,392]" class="Aves" family="Corcoracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corcoracidae</taxonomicName>
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). The two most comprehensive of these studies, moreover, recovered
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FC8FFE39FC32FE1E" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1898" box="[877,935,404,429]" class="Aves" family="Monarchidae" genus="Ifrita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FC8FFE39FC32FE1E" box="[877,935,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Ifrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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respectively sister to the first three and last two of these families, with strong support (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B6FA843FD95FE1AFCC7FE63" author="Jonsson, K. A. & Fabre, P. - H. & Ricklefs, R. E. & Fjelds a, J." box="[631,850,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="2328 - 2333" refId="ref17856" refString="Jonsson, K. A., Fabre, P. - H., Ricklefs, R. E. & Fjelds a, J. (2011) Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto- Papuan archipelago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 108, 2328 - 2333. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1018956108" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Jønsson
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FD3BFE14FC9FFE63" box="[729,778,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Aggerbeck
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FC3DFE14FB85FE63" box="[991,1040,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">et al</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FBFCFE1AFBACFE63" box="[1054,1081,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">l.c</emphasis>
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.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B6FA843FF25FE71FB43FCA6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
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In morphology and behaviour,
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FDC7FE71FDCAFE46" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1898" box="[549,607,476,501]" class="Aves" family="Monarchidae" genus="Ifrita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FDC7FE71FDCAFE46" box="[549,607,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Ifrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is altogether unlike the mostly black, rufous or pied, hawking monarchs, pied or brown perch-pouncing shrikes or large, varicolored, omnivorous corvids, let alone the mostly brilliantly plumaged, polygynous birds-of-paradise and ground-feeding mudnesters. It is a rather small brown scansorial creeper on the branches of forest trees, for which its stout, powerfully clawed feet are evidently adapted. It nevertheless lacks syndactyly of the toes that restricts lateral flexibility of movement as in the Australo-Papuan treecreepers (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FECFFD22FE44FD1B" authorityName="de Selys Longchamps" authorityYear="1839" box="[301,465,655,680]" class="Aves" family="Climacteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Climacteridae</taxonomicName>
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). Flight is weak, as indicated by rounded wings and short, broad sternum with reduced keel, and is apparently used for little more than movements from tree to tree. Neither nest nor eggs (see family diagnosis) resemble those of monarchs, shrikes or crows; and the nest is constructed of plant fiber, not mud. Because it is sister to other lineages recognized as families, we rank
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6FA843FC74FD51FC45FCA6" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1898" box="[918,976,764,789]" class="Aves" family="Monarchidae" genus="Ifrita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6FA843FC74FD51FC45FCA6" box="[918,976,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Ifrita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at family level as well.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |