237 lines
26 KiB
XML
237 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="13A56EE94BF915EEDECCF7EF613FCB8A" ID-CLB-Dataset="9199" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6592cf39-be44-44f4-842d-e0126d8640ad" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4387671" ID-ZooBank="0824AFA4-4E8B-419B-972C-0FA0A88538FF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1608710081219" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D. & Sebastian, Pothalil A." docDate="2020" docId="03C08789C5354F6AFF62D76C8C79FAB1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4896.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4896 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphingius caniceps Simon 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="512" masterDocId="FFF9FFF1C5324F6DFFF5D54C8D2CFFB4" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)" masterLastPageNumber="522" masterPageNumber="505" pageNumber="512" updateTime="1698847914247" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="9740F5C9AF0EAA0E1CC7C2888FB566E4">A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C959118B80BC91E457F1E4A706F0C2A9">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="474BFE8325C22FF955A9963B544535EF">Division of Arachnology, Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin, Kerala 682 013, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F1BEEA3C77D54087A1EEF2E3CD63B413">Caleb, John T. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A7CC7978037C36BCF070ED7A24B1B01D">Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 053, India caleb 87 woodgate @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9471 - 9467</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="11DE95BE68420B7B780859E93BF3D752" type="email">caleb87woodgate@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="23E40FD8A1F89E5DF523F8AB0F6C4B77">Sebastian, Pothalil A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E39208B025B5E7A80849A90852325A4">Division of Arachnology, Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin, Kerala 682 013, India & drpothalil @ rediffmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4936 - 4310</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="429CBA9DC839E1336C82FEA3B764AE64" type="email">drpothalil@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="03C08789C5354F6AFF62D76C8C79FAB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4387701" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176240902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4387701" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C08789C5354F6AFF62D76C8C79FAB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08789C5354F6AFF62D76C8C79FAB1" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFF62D76C8F0EFD8F" ID-CoL="4YZHK" authority="Simon, 1906" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,546,544,571]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caniceps">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF62D76C8F0EFD8F" bold="true" box="[151,546,544,571]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF62D76C8CADFD8F" bold="true" box="[151,385,544,571]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Sphingius caniceps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFE7DD76C8F0EFD8F" author="Simon, E." box="[392,546,544,571]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="279 - 314" refId="ref7679" refString="Simon, E. (1906) Arachnides (2 e partie). In: Voyage de M. Maurice Maindron dans l'Inde meridionale. 8 e Memoire. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 75, pp. 279 - 314." type="journal article" year="1906">Simon, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF62D7298C76FDC9" box="[151,346,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Sphingius caniceps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFE95D7298F34FDC9" author="Simon, E." box="[352,536,613,637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="279 - 314" refId="ref7679" refString="Simon, E. (1906) Arachnides (2 e partie). In: Voyage de M. Maurice Maindron dans l'Inde meridionale. 8 e Memoire. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 75, pp. 279 - 314." type="journal article" year="1906">Simon, 1906: 301</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFDD6D7298E62FDC9" author="Dankittipakul, P. & Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T." box="[547,846,613,637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref7146" refString="Dankittipakul, P., Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T. (2011) Neotype designation for Sphingius thecatus Thorell, 1890, synonymies, new records and descriptions of six new species from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Liocranidae). Zootaxa, 3066 (1), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3066.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Dankittipakul
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFD41D72A8FC4FDC9" box="[692,744,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2011: 19
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, figs 38–39.
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF62D7E08C6AFD71" bold="true" box="[151,326,683,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Type material.</emphasis>
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(
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and
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) from
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<collectingCountry id="F37E760FC5354F6AFCB1D7E78EB7FD71" box="[836,923,683,709]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCounty id="62B74E13C5354F6AFBCFD7E789E8FD71" box="[1082,1220,683,709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Coromandel</collectingCounty>
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coast:
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:
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/
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(
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,
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),
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a.s.l.
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="269C5349C5354F6AFC61D79C897DFD5D" box="[916,1105,719,746]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">M.M. Maindron</collectorName>
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, 1901, deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED78AE5AC5354F6AFAB2D79C88B1FD5E" box="[1351,1437,720,746]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">MNHN</collectionCode>
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(17599), not examined.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFE5DD7BF8FFCFCBA" author="Dankittipakul, P. & Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T." box="[424,720,755,782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref7146" refString="Dankittipakul, P., Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T. (2011) Neotype designation for Sphingius thecatus Thorell, 1890, synonymies, new records and descriptions of six new species from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Liocranidae). Zootaxa, 3066 (1), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3066.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Dankittipakul
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFDBFD7B88FA8FCB9" box="[586,644,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">et al.</emphasis>
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(2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 38–39) illustrated the
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<typeStatus id="54D2883DC5354F6AFBFCD7B8894CFCBA" box="[1033,1120,756,782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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female epigynum, which is diagnostic
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3736514C5354F6AFF32D6778C79FAB1" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD6369FC5354F6AFF32D6778935FC2A" blockId="7.[151,1437,683,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF32D6778C6EFCE1" bold="true" box="[199,322,827,853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
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Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFE3AD6708F62FCE1" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1906" box="[463,590,828,854]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caniceps">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFE3AD6708F62FCE1" box="[463,590,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">S. caniceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
seem closely related to the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFBFED6708836FCE2" authority="(Thorell, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1035,1306,827,854]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFBFED670894FFCE1" box="[1035,1123,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">S. vivax</emphasis>
|
||
(Thorell, 1897)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but can be separated from the latter by a circular epigynal atrium (oval in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFCB8D62C8E8FFCCD" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[845,931,864,890]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFCB8D62C8E8FFCCD" box="[845,931,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">S. vivax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and a wide plate-like anterior epigynal hood (triangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFEC4D6C88CA4FC29" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[305,392,900,926]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFEC4D6C88CA4FC29" box="[305,392,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">S. vivax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (compare fig. 4 with fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C919B7AC5354F6AFD44D6C88FC6FC29" box="[689,746,899,926]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.652" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" unit="in" value="38.0">38 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFD04D6CF8921FC2A" author="Dankittipakul, P. & Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T." box="[753,1037,899,926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref7146" refString="Dankittipakul, P., Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T. (2011) Neotype designation for Sphingius thecatus Thorell, 1890, synonymies, new records and descriptions of six new species from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Liocranidae). Zootaxa, 3066 (1), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3066.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Dankittipakul
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFC67D6C88EE6FC29" box="[914,970,899,925]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6369FC5354F6AFF32D6E4882AFB56" blockId="7.[151,1437,683,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF32D6E48C2AFC76" bold="true" box="[199,262,936,962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Note.</emphasis>
|
||
In his original description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFDB6D6EB8FF3FC76" author="Simon, E." box="[579,735,935,962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="279 - 314" refId="ref7679" refString="Simon, E. (1906) Arachnides (2 e partie). In: Voyage de M. Maurice Maindron dans l'Inde meridionale. 8 e Memoire. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 75, pp. 279 - 314." type="journal article" year="1906">Simon (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2883DC5354F6AFC64D6E48EEDFC76" box="[913,961,936,962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFBB3D6E489EAFC75" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1906" box="[1094,1222,936,962]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caniceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFBB3D6E489EAFC75" box="[1094,1222,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">S. caniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as “Côte de Coromandel: Genji” (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFE5AD6878FE5FC52" author="Dankittipakul, P. & Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T." box="[431,713,971,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref7146" refString="Dankittipakul, P., Tavano, M. L. & Singtripop, T. (2011) Neotype designation for Sphingius thecatus Thorell, 1890, synonymies, new records and descriptions of six new species from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Liocranidae). Zootaxa, 3066 (1), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3066.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Dankittipakul
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFDBAD6808FABFC51" box="[591,647,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The place with the spelling ‘Genji’ is a village in the Dungarpur district of the Indian state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ADF87DC5354F6AFE16D6A38F79FBBD" box="[483,597,1007,1033]" country="India" name="Rajasthan" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Rajasthan</collectingRegion>
|
||
. However, the Coromandel Coast is the southeastern coastal region of the Indian subcontinent that forms a part of the Indian states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ADF87DC5354F6AFCC0D15F8EC6FB99" box="[821,1002,1043,1069]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ADF87DC5354F6AFBD5D15F8984FB99" box="[1056,1192,1043,1069]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
. There is a place with the spelling “Gingee” in the Villupuram district of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ADF87DC5354F6AFD20D17B8E72FBE5" box="[725,862,1079,1105]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
. So, it can be concluded that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2883DC5354F6AFB21D1748828FBE6" box="[1236,1284,1080,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFA72D1748DD5FBC1" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1906" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caniceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFA72D1748DD5FBC1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">S. caniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be “Gingee”, which is in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ADF87DC5354F6AFD9ED1178FDEFBC1" box="[619,754,1115,1141]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and not “Genji” in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ADF87DC5354F6AFC24D1178913FBC1" box="[977,1087,1115,1141]" country="India" name="Rajasthan" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Rajasthan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFB5BD1178DFFFB2E" author="Majumder, S. C. & Tikader, B. K." pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref7343" refString="Majumder, S. C. & Tikader, B. K. (1991) Studies on some spiders of the family Clubionidae from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 102, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Majumder & Tikader 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, M. M. Maindron collected this species during his expedition to southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E760FC5354F6AFB5BD13389C4FB2D" box="[1198,1256,1151,1177]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1901, which also confirms “Gingee” as its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D2883DC5354F6AFE18D1E88F31FB0A" box="[493,541,1188,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFD72D1EF8E18FB0A" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[647,820,1187,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="211 - 282" refId="ref7267" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 33, 211 - 282." type="journal article" year="1931">Gravely (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B6EC5354F6AFC9BD1EF89E8FB0A" author="Majumder, S. C. & Tikader, B. K." box="[878,1220,1187,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref7343" refString="Majumder, S. C. & Tikader, B. K. (1991) Studies on some spiders of the family Clubionidae from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 102, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Majumder and Tikader (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
misidentified their specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFEC4D1848C83FB55" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1906" box="[305,431,1224,1250]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caniceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFEC4D1848C83FB55" box="[305,431,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">S. caniceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they do in fact belong to an undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D1CC5354F6AFC45D18B8932FB55" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[944,1054,1223,1249]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFC45D18B8932FB55" box="[944,1054,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6369FC5354F6AFF62D1A78C79FAB1" blockId="7.[151,1437,683,1286]" box="[151,341,1259,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEA8DC5354F6AFF62D1A78DFDFAB1" box="[151,209,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="512">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |