506 lines
54 KiB
XML
506 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="D3CF61B276A181A0C16D3D0EC59CD7AD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.185522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fedb956f-96c9-4661-a225-719753729d99" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="185522" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459988615799" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hausmann, Axel & Parra, Luis E." docDate="2009" docId="03AC87C0EB09FF9A04D6041EFB8DF895" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01989p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1989" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Geometridae" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF95FFB8EB01FF9304410736FFDBFFA5" masterDocTitle="An unexpected hotspot of moth biodiversity in Chilean northern Patagonia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698232494549" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A926A890A2D319BE27DD2E4A25A0CF96">An unexpected hotspot of moth biodiversity in Chilean northern Patagonia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="63FB40462ABF4FA368F0F3049270DA51">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="742A52B4F4BCFF2007F5D8FD262BECEC">Parra, Luis E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2394BA57B257E1A81948C1F3F3B5C83C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="405E192802091267A43CCCCAF83604B8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B75B0158C8B63870EF1DAD8B181907B6">
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<mods:date id="186F3F8022120A1D0B7C37949374D9CF">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="39504F96FA73DFEB96C54C6E0DE52BF0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A1C635EDEFA8F002BBBBA75B8B7B16B8">1989</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0DDB328C90A6345C30F36F82946BE5D6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.185522</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="03C93F100CD8B662B41FE253F06B9167" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CA975D731B1A1EE4686E49FA57366141" type="Zenodo-Dep">185522</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AC87C0EB09FF9A04D6041EFB8DF895" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6223296" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119379762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6223296" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC87C0EB09FF9A04D6041EFB8DF895" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87C0EB09FF9A04D6041EFB8DF895" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="C31F655DEB09FF9B04D6041EFAE4FC35" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB09FF9B04D6041EFEE2FCE7" blockId="8.[151,1437,808,2034]" box="[151,313,808,834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="D0F281BAEB09FF9B04D6041EFEE2FCE7" bold="true" box="[151,313,808,834]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04D6041EFEE2FCE7" bold="true" box="[151,313,808,834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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[
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B04DF041EFEE8FCE7" ID-CoL="6247J" ID-ENA="82593" box="[158,307,808,834]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
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]
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB09FF9B04870479FAE4FC35" blockId="8.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04870479FEF8FCCC" bold="true" box="[198,291,847,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">[65–70]</emphasis>
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[genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B053F0466FDF9FCCC" box="[382,546,848,873]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Leucolithodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B053F0466FDF9FCCC" box="[382,546,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Leucolithodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]: Possibly rather a boarmiine than a nacophorine genus (the latter suggested by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B04FD0440FE93FC35" author="Pitkin" box="[188,328,886,912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Pitkin, L. M. (2002) Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 135 (2), 121 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Pitkin 2002</bibRefCitation>
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), cf. the New Zealandian boarmiine genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B077F0441FC28FC35" box="[830,1011,887,912]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pseudocoremia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B077F0441FC28FC35" box="[830,1011,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Pseudocoremia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is similar in habitus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31F655DEB09FF9A048704ABFB8DF895" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB09FF9B048704ABFC29FB8E" blockId="8.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B048704ABFDD1FC12" bold="true" box="[198,522,925,951]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">[71–88; 98–103; 153–157]</emphasis>
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[Nacophorini]: Chilean “nacophorines”, according to the concept of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B011704ABFF3DFC7B" author="Pitkin" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Pitkin, L. M. (2002) Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 135 (2), 121 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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not well clustering together in the COI NJ tree and in the multigene analysis (COI, EF1alpha, 28S; 1914 bp; not shown). Deep phylogeny relationships and tribal systematics requiring more extensive studies with an integrative approach of morphological and molecular techniques.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB09FF9B04870301FCA7FBDD" blockId="8.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04870301FEF8FBF4" bold="true" box="[198,291,1079,1106]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">[75–79]</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B056B030EFEBCFBF4" box="[298,359,1080,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Talca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B056B030EFEBCFBF4" box="[298,359,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Talca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1: COI NJ tree with shallow split of 1.4% maximum divergence between both branches. However, without corresponding differential feature in habitus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB09FF9B048703B3FD45FA9F" blockId="8.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B048703B3FEF8FB3A" bold="true" box="[198,291,1157,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">[83–85]</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B057303B3FD3DFB3A" authority="Butler, 1882" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" box="[306,742,1157,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euangerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B057303B3FDE7FB3B" box="[306,572,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Euangerona valdiviae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B060D03B3FD3DFB3A" author="Butler" box="[588,742,1157,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Butler, A. G. (1882) Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. Part III Geometrites. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, pp. 339 - 423." type="book chapter" year="1882">Butler, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(on fig. 4b as '
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B07FD03B3FADFFB3B" box="[956,1284,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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Omaguaca
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B000C03B3FADFFB3B" box="[1101,1284,1157,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euangerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longibursae">cf. longibursae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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'): Larvae of different development stages beaten from
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B06F1039AFC6FFB60" box="[688,948,1196,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B06F1039AFC6FFB60" box="[688,948,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Nearest neighbour in COI analysis is
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B04D603E5FE15FB49" box="[151,462,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Macrolyrcea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monochorda">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04D603E5FE15FB49" box="[151,462,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Macrolyrcea monochorda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a comparatively low sequence divergence (6.3%). Larval morphology well corresponding to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B05F603CFFCB2FAB6" authority="Parra, 1984" authorityName="Parra" authorityYear="1984" box="[439,873,1273,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euangerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longibursae">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B05F603CFFD01FAB7" box="[439,730,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Euangerona longibursae</emphasis>
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Parra, 1984
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</taxonomicName>
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(central
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<collectingCountry id="F3127646EB09FF9B079103CFFBCFFAB6" box="[976,1044,1273,1299]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Chile</collectingCountry>
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), feeding on
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B00ED03CFFA4EFAB7" box="[1196,1429,1273,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliqua">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B00ED03CFFA4EFAB7" box="[1196,1429,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Nothofagus obliqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, coloration of larva quite different.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB09FF9B04870270FCD4FA5E" blockId="8.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04870270FE73FAC5" bold="true" box="[198,424,1350,1376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">[89–109; 110–148]</emphasis>
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[Lithinini]: Chilean “lithinines”, according to the concept of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B003C0270FAC0FAC5" author="Pitkin" box="[1149,1307,1350,1376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Pitkin, L. M. (2002) Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 135 (2), 121 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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, clustering together in two clades of the COI NJ tree. In the multigene analysis (COI, EF1alpha, 28S; 1914 bp; not shown), however,
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B053002A2FDD3FA08" box="[369,520,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B053002A2FDD3FA08" box="[369,520,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Psilaspilates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B065602A2FD42FA08" box="[535,665,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanagridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B065602A2FD42FA08" box="[535,665,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Tanagridia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B069502A2FCFFFA08" box="[724,804,1428,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Caltha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B069502A2FCFFFA08" box="[724,804,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Caltha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2 grouped together with Tasmanian Nacophorini. Deep phylogeny relationships and tribal systematics requiring more extensive studies with an integrative approach of morphological and molecular techniques.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB09FF9B04870131FB12F930" blockId="8.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04870131FEF8F984" bold="true" box="[198,291,1543,1570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">[89–97]</emphasis>
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[genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B05CA013EFDFAF984" box="[395,545,1544,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Odontothera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B05CA013EFDFAF984" box="[395,545,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Odontothera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]: In
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B0624013EFCDEF987" author="Pitkin" box="[613,773,1544,1570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Pitkin, L. M. (2002) Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 135 (2), 121 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as Lithinini genus. Both COI NJ tree and multigene analysis (COI, EF1alpha, 28S; 1914 bp; not shown) showing a clade including
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B00020119FB38F9ED" box="[1091,1251,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chloroclydon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B00020119FB38F9ED" box="[1091,1251,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Chloroclydon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B00AA0119FA4FF9ED" box="[1259,1428,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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“
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B00B70119FA51F9ED" box="[1270,1418,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Opisogonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opisogonia</taxonomicName>
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”
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04D60163FDB3F9CB" box="[151,616,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B04D60163FECDF9CB" box="[151,278,1621,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neorumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neorumia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B05620163FE18F9CB" box="[291,451,1621,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Macrolyrcea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrolyrcea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B05900163FDB3F9CB" box="[465,616,1621,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euangerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euangerona</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B06E40163FC99F9CB" box="[677,834,1621,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Odontothera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B06E40163FC99F9CB" box="[677,834,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Odontothera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Therefore the hypothesis should be tested, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B04D6014AFEF6F930" box="[151,301,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Odontothera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04D6014AFEF6F930" box="[151,301,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Odontothera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be a Nacophorini genus. Hostplants are unknown for genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B006A014AFB12F930" box="[1067,1225,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B006A014AFB1EF930" box="[1067,1221,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Odontothera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odontothera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB09FF9B04870194FD7DF8AF" blockId="8.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04870194FEF8F919" bold="true" box="[198,291,1698,1724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">[91–94]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B05720195FD07F919" authority="Butler, 1882" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" box="[307,732,1698,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Odontothera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B05720195FDC1F919" box="[307,538,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Odontothera mixta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B06730194FD0FF919" author="Butler" box="[562,724,1698,1724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Butler, A. G. (1882) Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. Part III Geometrites. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, pp. 339 - 423." type="book chapter" year="1882">Butler, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Molecular analysis (COI) revealing specific difference (sequence divergence 3.3%; mean intraspecific variation 0.4% and 0% resp.) from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B003C01FFFA4FF947" box="[1149,1428,1737,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Odontothera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valdiviata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B003C01FFFA4FF947" box="[1149,1428,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Odontothera valdiviata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but some specimens [91] similar to the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB09FF9B04870020FC8CF801" blockId="8.[151,1437,808,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04870020FEE9F895" bold="true" box="[198,306,1814,1840]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">[98–100]</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B05780021FDB3F895" box="[313,616,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B05780021FE02F895" box="[313,473,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chloroclydon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chloroclydon</taxonomicName>
|
||
? rinodaria
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B06360020FC1AF895" author="Felder" box="[631,961,1814,1840]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Felder, C. & Rogenhofer, A. F. (1875) Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde (Zoologischer Theil) Band 2 (Abtheilung 2), pls. 121 - 140 Wien." type="journal article" year="1875">Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Scoble (1999) as larentiine moth. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B04D6000BFEE3F8F2" author="Pitkin" box="[151,312,1853,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Pitkin, L. M. (2002) Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 135 (2), 121 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
not included. In the COI NJ tree and multigene analysis (COI, EF1alpha, 28S; 1914 bp; not shown) grouped with
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B05E40052FD8DF8D8" box="[421,598,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B05F10052FD92F8D8" box="[432,585,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Opisogonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opisogonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B06270052FBEAF8D8" box="[614,1073,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B06270052FD38F8D8" box="[614,739,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neorumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neorumia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B06B10052FC54F8D8" box="[752,911,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Macrolyrcea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrolyrcea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B07DD0052FBEAF8D8" box="[924,1073,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euangerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euangerona</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B002E0052FAD0F8D8" box="[1135,1291,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Odontothera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B002E0052FAD0F8D8" box="[1135,1291,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Odontothera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, preliminarily, attributed to Nacophorini sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B06F500BCFC8FF801" author="Pitkin" box="[692,852,1930,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Pitkin, L. M. (2002) Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 135 (2), 121 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB09FF9A04870086FCFFFF7D" blockId="8.[151,1437,808,2034]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B04870086FE9AF86F" bold="true" box="[198,321,1968,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">[101–103]</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B050B0087FDB9F86F" box="[330,610,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B050B0087FE08F86F" box="[330,467,1969,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Opisogonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opisogonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
? diffissata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B062D0087FC60F86E" author="Felder" box="[620,955,1969,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Felder, C. & Rogenhofer, A. F. (1875) Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde (Zoologischer Theil) Band 2 (Abtheilung 2), pls. 121 - 140 Wien." type="journal article" year="1875">Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB09FF9B002E0087FAD5F86E" author="Pitkin" box="[1135,1294,1969,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Pitkin, L. M. (2002) Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 135 (2), 121 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the generic combination with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB09FF9B053000EEFE27F854" box="[369,508,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Opisogonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB09FF9B053000EEFE27F854" box="[369,508,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Opisogonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is incorrect and the species may be attributed to Nacophorini. In the COI NJ tree and multigene analysis (COI, EF1alpha, 28S; 1914 bp; not shown) grouped with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A00A607AEFA4FFF14" box="[1255,1428,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chloroclydon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A00A607AEFA4FFF14" box="[1255,1428,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Chloroclydon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04D60789FD95FF7D" box="[151,590,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A04D60789FED4FF7D" box="[151,271,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neorumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neorumia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A055A0789FE68FF7D" box="[283,435,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Macrolyrcea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrolyrcea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05FF0789FD95FF7D" box="[446,590,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euangerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euangerona</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A06C60789FCC6FF7D" box="[647,797,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Odontothera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A06C60789FCC6FF7D" box="[647,797,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Odontothera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A048707D3FB99FEE9" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A048707D3FE9AFF5A" bold="true" box="[198,321,229,255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[104–107]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A050C07D3FC92FF5A" authority="Bartlett-Calvert, 1883" authorityName="Bartlett-Calvert" authorityYear="1883" box="[333,841,229,255]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neorumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A050C07D3FDEDFF5B" box="[333,566,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Neorumia gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
Bartlett-Calvert, 1883
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E2A53EB08FF9A071F07D3FC70FF5A" box="[862,939,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,884,908]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Neorumia gigantea (Photo Gunter Forsterra)." pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
): According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB08FF9A003207D3FACFFF5A" author="Pitkin" box="[1139,1300,229,255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="35" refString="Pitkin, L. M. (2002) Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 135 (2), 121 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
possibly a nacophorine or lithinine moth, the former supported in the COI NJ tree by the position in the clade together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A04930604FEA9FEEE" box="[210,370,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chloroclydon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04930604FEA9FEEE" box="[210,370,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Chloroclydon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05C00604FCB6FEEE" box="[385,877,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05CD0604FDFAFEEE" box="[396,545,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Opisogonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opisogonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
”,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A06780604FD0AFEEE" box="[569,721,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Macrolyrcea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrolyrcea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A069C0604FCB6FEEE" box="[733,877,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euangerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euangerona</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A07E40604FBE0FEEE" box="[933,1083,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Odontothera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A07E40604FBE0FEEE" box="[933,1083,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Odontothera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A0487066EFC2CFD91" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A0487066EFE9AFED7" bold="true" box="[198,321,344,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[108–109]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A050D066FFD46FED6" authority="Butler, 1882" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" box="[332,669,345,371]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Calta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A050D066FFE3DFED7" box="[332,486,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Calta debilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB08FF9A05B8066FFD4FFED6" author="Butler" box="[505,660,345,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="35" refString="Butler, A. G. (1882) Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. Part III Geometrites. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, pp. 339 - 423." type="book chapter" year="1882">Butler, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A06ED066EFCC0FED7" bold="true" box="[684,795,344,370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24257BFEB08FF9A06ED066EFCC0FED7" box="[684,795,344,370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Morphology (current research of junior author) and position in COI NJ tree suggesting a separate genus from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A070606B6FC06FE3C" box="[839,989,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Odontothera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A070606B6FC06FE3C" box="[839,989,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Odontothera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where it was currently placed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB08FF9A011506B6FF02FE65" author="Pitkin" pageId="9" pageNumber="35" refString="Pitkin, L. M. (2002) Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 135 (2), 121 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Pitkin 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Male antennae lamellate, anellus process long, thin, with a tuft of apical setae as long as length of anellus. Position in Lithinini not supported by position in COI NJ tree, where it groups together with some putative nacophorine genera such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A062206C2FCD0FDA8" box="[611,779,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chloroclydon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A062206C2FCD0FDA8" box="[611,779,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Chloroclydon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A075D06C2FC0DFDA8" box="[796,982,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A076906C2FC1EFDA8" box="[808,965,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Opisogonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opisogonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
”,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A005506C2FB54FDA8" box="[1044,1167,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neorumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A005506C2FB54FDA8" box="[1044,1167,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Neorumia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. COI data from other seasons (not shown in the tree) suggesting two different species, possibly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A04870576FDA6FD53" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04870576FEE6FDFF" bold="true" box="[198,317,576,603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[110–117]</emphasis>
|
||
[genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05E10577FDFAFDFF" box="[416,545,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanagridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05E10577FDFAFDFF" box="[416,545,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Tanagridia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]: In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB08FF9A061E0577FD25FDFE" author="Pitkin" box="[607,766,577,603]" pageId="9" pageNumber="35" refString="Pitkin, L. M. (2002) Neotropical ennomine moths: a review of the genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 135 (2), 121 - 401." type="journal article" year="2002">Pitkin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as Lithinini genus, but in the multigene analysis (COI, EF1alpha, 28S; 1914 bp; not shown) grouped together with the genera
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A0790055EFAB0FD24" box="[977,1387,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A0790055EFBB1FD24" box="[977,1130,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Psilaspilates</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A0034055EFAD9FD24" box="[1141,1282,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euclidiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euclidiodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A014F055EFAB0FD24" box="[1294,1387,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lacaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lacaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the species “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A057A05B9FE59FD0D" box="[315,386,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Calta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A057A05B9FE59FD0D" box="[315,386,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Calta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” sp. 2 and well clustering to a large set of Tasmanian Nacophorini genera. Tribal systematics and position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05AE0583FDADFD6B" box="[495,630,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanagridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05AE0583FDADFD6B" box="[495,630,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Tanagridia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
requiring more extensive studies with an integrative approach of morphological and molecular techniques.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A04870434FD6EFCE6" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04870434FEE6FCB9" bold="true" box="[198,317,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[116–117]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05060434FD2BFCB9" authority="Rindge, 1986" authorityName="Rindge" authorityYear="1986" box="[327,752,770,796]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Tanagridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhaphis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05060434FDF7FCBE" box="[327,556,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Tanagridia rhaphis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB08FF9A067E0434FD3DFCB9" author="Rindge" box="[575,742,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="35" refString="Rindge, F. H. (1986) Generic descriptions of the new world Lithinini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). American Museum Novitates, 2838, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1986">Rindge, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: COI data (barcoding fragment) suggesting two different species, possibly (sequence divergence 1.9%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A04870479FA80FC35" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04870479FEE4FCCC" bold="true" box="[198,319,847,874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[118–120]</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05070466FE73FCCC" box="[326,424,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05130466FE47FCCC" box="[338,412,848,873]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Calta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calta</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 2: Generic combination very tentatively. See remarks to [110–117].
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A00BB0466FA87FCCC" box="[1274,1372,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A01470466FA8BFCCC" box="[1286,1360,848,873]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Calta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calta</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 2 groups especially close to the Tasmanian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A063C0441FCF2FC35" box="[637,809,887,912]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Capusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A063C0441FCF2FC35" box="[637,809,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Capusa senilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with which it shares also the narrow forewings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A048704ABFC93FC12" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" box="[198,840,925,951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A048704ABFE9AFC12" bold="true" box="[198,321,925,951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[121–122]</emphasis>
|
||
[genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05DC04ABFE21FC13" box="[413,506,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lacaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05DC04ABFE21FC13" box="[413,506,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Lacaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]: See remarks to [110–117].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A048704F5FCAEFC7B" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" box="[198,885,963,990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A048704F5FE9AFC78" bold="true" box="[198,321,963,990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[123–124]</emphasis>
|
||
[genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05DC04F2FDFCFC78" box="[413,551,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Euclidiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05DC04F2FDFCFC78" box="[413,551,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Euclidiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]: See remarks to [110–117].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A048704DCFD08FBF7" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A048704DCFE9AFBA1" bold="true" box="[198,321,1002,1028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[125–148]</emphasis>
|
||
[genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05E204DCFDE2FBA6" box="[419,569,1002,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05E204DCFDE2FBA6" box="[419,569,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Psilaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]: See remarks to [110–117]. In the multigene analysis (COI, EF1alpha, 28S; 1914 bp; not shown) interestingly at a close position to the Australian genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A003A0327FA43FB8E" authority="Nacophorini" authorityName="Nacophorini" box="[1147,1432,1041,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Amelora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A003A0327FB39FB8F" box="[1147,1250,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Amelora</emphasis>
|
||
(Nacophorini)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it shares a close similarity in habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A04870368FE51FB63" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04870368FEDDFBDD" bold="true" box="[198,262,1118,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[125]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05530369FD71FBDD" authority="Butler, 1882" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" box="[274,682,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceres">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05530369FE2AFBDD" box="[274,497,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Psilaspilates ceres</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB08FF9A06440368FD79FBDD" author="Butler" box="[517,674,1118,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="35" refString="Butler, A. G. (1882) Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. Part III Geometrites. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, pp. 339 - 423." type="book chapter" year="1882">Butler, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Sequence divergence from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A00460369FB74FBDD" box="[1031,1199,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signistriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A00460369FB74FBDD" box="[1031,1199,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">P. signistriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1.7%, intraspecific variation of the latter 0.06%. Correlated with differences in habitus e.g., darker ground colour, transverse fascia almost absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A048703E4FCC3FA9F" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A048703E4FE9AFB49" bold="true" box="[198,321,1234,1260]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[136–138]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A050C03E5FE38FB49" box="[333,483,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A050C03E5FE38FB49" box="[333,483,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Psilaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A060203E4FD2FFB49" box="[579,756,1234,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signistriata">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A062F03E5FD2FFB49" box="[622,756,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">signistriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): COI data showing a shallow split to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A00AD03E5FA4FFB49" box="[1260,1428,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signistriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A00AD03E5FA4FFB49" box="[1260,1428,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">P. signistriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Though being small (0.6%) the sequence divergence is correlated with particular wing pattern. Mean infraspecific variation is 0.06% and 0.1% respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A04870270FE52FA0B" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04870270FE9AFAC5" bold="true" box="[198,321,1350,1376]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[153–157]</emphasis>
|
||
[genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05EE0271FD86FAC5" box="[431,605,1351,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Catophoenissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05EE0271FD86FAC5" box="[431,605,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Catophoenissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]: see remarks to Nacophorini [71–88; 98–103; 153–157]. In the multigene analysis (COI, EF1alpha, 28S; 1914 bp; not shown)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A07CE025BFB9AFA23" box="[911,1089,1389,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Catophoenissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A07CE025BFB9AFA23" box="[911,1089,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Catophoenissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes out as sister genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A04D602A2FED4FA08" box="[151,271,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hasodima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04D602A2FED4FA08" box="[151,271,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Hasodima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A0487028CFB85FA5E" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A0487028CFE9AFA71" bold="true" box="[198,321,1466,1492]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[158–159]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A0509028DFE0FFA71" box="[328,468,1467,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Syncirsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A0509028DFE0FFA71" box="[328,468,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Syncirsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A0667028CFD72FA71" box="[550,681,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Syncirsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primata">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A060C028DFD72FA71" box="[589,681,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">primata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): COI data suggesting clear specific difference from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A0160028DFA47FA71" box="[1313,1436,1467,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Syncirsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A0160028DFA47FA71" box="[1313,1436,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">S. primata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other three members of the genus, collected at Huinay. Variable in habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A04870131FB8AF9ED" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04870131FE9AF984" bold="true" box="[198,321,1543,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[160–164]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A050B013EFD25F987" authority="Walker, 1862" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1862" box="[330,766,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Syncirsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A050B013EFDE6F984" box="[330,573,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Syncirsodes primata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB08FF9A060E013EFD2EF987" author="Walker" box="[591,757,1544,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="36" refString="Walker, F. (1862) List of the specimens of Lepidoptera insect in collection of the British Museum, 24, 1076. Warren, W. (1908) Descriptions of new species of South American Geometrid moths. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, 34, 91 - 110." type="journal article" year="1862">Walker, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: One of the records, BC 11154, referring to a L4 larva, beaten from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A056A0119FDA1F9ED" box="[299,634,1582,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Luma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A056A0119FE3FF9ED" box="[299,484,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Luma apiculata</emphasis>
|
||
(Myrtaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and identified through DNA barcoding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A04870163FC2CF933" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04870163FE9AF9CA" bold="true" box="[198,321,1621,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[165–168]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A050B0163FCDCF9CA" authority="Mabille, 1882" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1882" box="[330,775,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Syncirsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyadesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A050B0163FD9AF9CB" box="[330,577,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Syncirsodes hyadesii</emphasis>
|
||
(Mabille, 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: COI data suggesting clear specific difference from the other four members of the genus, collected at Huinay. Variable in habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A04870194FC66F946" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A04870194FE9AF919" bold="true" box="[198,321,1698,1724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[169–170]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A05090195FE0FF919" box="[328,468,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Syncirsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A05090195FE0FF919" box="[328,468,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Syncirsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2: COI data suggesting clear specific difference from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A003E0195FB21F919" box="[1151,1274,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Syncirsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A003E0195FB21F919" box="[1151,1274,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">S. primata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other three members of the genus, collected at Huinay. Variable in habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36D6EB08FF9A048701D9FB8DF895" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A048701D9FEDDF8AC" bold="true" box="[198,262,1775,1801]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">[171]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A054D01C6FD1EF8AF" authority="Butler, 1882" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" box="[268,709,1776,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Syncirsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="straminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A054D01C6FDCFF8AC" box="[268,532,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Syncirsodes straminea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B27EB08FF9A066501C6FD67F8AF" author="Butler" box="[548,700,1776,1802]" pageId="9" pageNumber="35" refString="Butler, A. G. (1882) Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. Part III Geometrites. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, pp. 339 - 423." type="book chapter" year="1882">Butler, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: COI data suggesting clear specific difference from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D55EB08FF9A016301C6FA47F8AC" box="[1314,1436,1776,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Syncirsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAC4EB08FF9A016301C6FA47F8AC" box="[1314,1436,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">S. primata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other three members of the genus, collected at Huinay. Variable in habitus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |