331 lines
39 KiB
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331 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995448731FF0BFA3BFE20FA7A" ID-CoL="7PTRL" authority="Gray 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,387,1506,1533]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942283895448731FF0BFA3BFF5AFA7B" bold="true" box="[151,249,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">Porania</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FE9CFA3AFE20FA7A" author="Gray" box="[256,387,1507,1533]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184, 275 - 290. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443296" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A95448731FF0BF9DCFE84F999" blockId="18.[151,387,1506,1566]" box="[151,295,1541,1566]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">
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<figureCitation id="130DE8AF95448731FF0BF9DCFF57F999" box="[151,244,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1338,211,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[214,1354,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Porania pulvillus USNM E 08391 P. pulvillus - Scotland. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. USNM 5533 P. insignis Paralectotype showing densely arranged abactinal skeleton. D. USNM 6385 P. insignis Paralectotype showing widely arranged reticulate skeleton. E. USNM E 46649 P. pulvillus, Nova Scotia, showing denuded abactinals, superomarginals and inferomarginal series. F. Denuded densely arranged / imbricate abactinal plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252140/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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A–F
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<emphasis id="B942283895448731FF0BF997FF49F9E4" box="[151,234,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">Porania</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FF6DF994FE36F9E4" author="Gray" box="[241,405,1613,1635]" page="288" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1840">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FF6DF994FEC2F9E4" author="Gray" box="[241,353,1613,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184, 275 - 290. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443296" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840</bibRefCitation>
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: 288
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1866: 15–16;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FDB3F994FD42F9E4" author="Perrier" box="[559,737,1613,1635]" page="280" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1875">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FDB3F994FD11F9E4" author="Perrier" box="[559,690,1613,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Perrier, E. (1875) Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Reinwald, Paris, 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier 1875</bibRefCitation>
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: 280
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</treatmentCitation>
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[1876: 96];
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FCFEF994FBBEF9E4" author="Viguier" box="[866,1053,1613,1635]" page="220" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FCFEF994FC48F9E4" author="Viguier" box="[866,1003,1613,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Viguier, C. (1879) Anatomie comparee du squelette des Stellerides. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 7, 33 - 250." type="journal article" year="1879">Viguier 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 220
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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–222;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FBC1F994FAA8F9E4" author="Smith" box="[1117,1291,1613,1635]" page="276" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FBC1F994FB74F9E4" author="Smith" box="[1117,1239,1613,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Smith, E. A. (1879) Echinodermata of Kerguelen Island. Philosphical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 168, 270 - 281." type="journal article" year="1879">Smith 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 276
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FA8AF994FF53F905" author="Sladen" page="358" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1889">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FA8AF994FA3BF9E4" author="Sladen" box="[1302,1432,1613,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893." type="journal article" year="1889">Sladen 1889</bibRefCitation>
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: 358
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FF67F9B5FEDDF905" author="Perrier" box="[251,382,1644,1666]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Perrier, E. (1891) Echinoderma I. Stellerides. Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882 - 83. 6. Zoologie, (3), 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1891">Perrier 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: K107, 163;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FD9DF9B5FD2CF905" author="Bell" box="[513,655,1644,1666]" page="79" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1893">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FD9DF9B5FDC9F905" author="Bell" box="[513,618,1644,1666]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Bell, F. J. (1893) Catalogue of the British echinoderms in the British Museum (Natural History). London, xvii + 202 pp., 16 pls." type="book" year="1893">Bell 1893</bibRefCitation>
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: 79
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FD07F9B5FCF2F905" author="Perrier" box="[667,849,1644,1666]" page="849" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1893">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FD07F9B5FCBDF905" author="Perrier" box="[667,798,1644,1666]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Perrier, E. (1893) Traite de Zoologie, 1 (2). Masson, Paris, 864 pp." type="book" year="1893">Perrier 1893</bibRefCitation>
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: 849
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; 1894: 163;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FC4DF9B5FBDEF905" author="Fisher" box="[977,1149,1644,1666]" page="248" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FC4DF9B5FBEFF905" author="Fisher" box="[977,1100,1644,1666]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76, xiii, 1 - 420 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher 1911</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 248
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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(in key);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FB7EF9B5FA34F905" author="Koehler" box="[1250,1431,1644,1666]" page="41" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FB7EF9B5FAD2F905" author="Koehler" box="[1250,1393,1644,1666]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Koehler, R. (1921) Echinodermes. Faune de France, 1, 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1921">Koehler 1921</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 41
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; 1924: 152;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FEA2F952FDB2F927" author="Mortensen" box="[318,529,1674,1696]" page="90" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1927">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FEA2F952FE4AF927" author="Mortensen" box="[318,489,1674,1696]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927) Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, 471 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927">Mortensen 1927</bibRefCitation>
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: 90
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FD81F953FD73F927" author="Fisher" box="[541,720,1674,1696]" page="154" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1940">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FD81F953FD38F927" author="Fisher" box="[541,667,1674,1696]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1940) Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20, 69 - 306." type="journal article" year="1940">Fisher 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: 154
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FD40F953FC03F927" author="Madsen" box="[732,928,1674,1696]" page="160" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FD40F953FCCFF927" author="Madsen" box="[732,876,1674,1696]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1956) Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 49. 24. Asteroidea with a survey of the Asteroidea of the Chilean Shelf. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, 52 (2), 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1956">Madsen 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 160
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FC30F953FB32F927" author="Bernasconi" box="[940,1169,1674,1696]" page="263" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FC30F953FBFFF927" author="Bernasconi" box="[940,1116,1674,1696]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1964) Asteroideos argentinos. Claves para los ordenes, familias, subfamilies y generos. Physis B. Aires, 24, 241 - 277. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0011 - 7471 (76) 91184 - 0" type="journal article" year="1964">Bernasconi 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 263
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FB02F953FA3BF927" author="Spencer" box="[1182,1432,1674,1696]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Spencer, W. K. & Wright, C. W. (1966) Asterozoans, Part U, Echinodermata. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 3 (1), U 4 - U 107." type="journal article" year="1966">Spencer & Wright 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: U69;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FE9CF970FE10F938" author="Tablado" box="[256,435,1705,1727]" page="88" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FE9CF970FE2EF938" author="Tablado" box="[256,397,1705,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Tablado, A. (1982) Asteroideos Argentinos. Familia Poraniidae. Comunicaciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia " e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales (Argentina). Hidrobiologia, 2 (8), 86 - 106." type="journal article" year="1982">Tablado 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 88
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FE22F973FD39F938" author="Clark" box="[446,666,1705,1727]" page="42" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FE22F973FDD6F938" author="Clark" box="[446,629,1705,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Clark, A. M. (1984) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 4. Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (1), 19 - 51." type="journal article" year="1984">A. M. Clark 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 42
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FD39F970FC60F938" author="Clark" box="[677,963,1705,1727]" page="206" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FD39F970FC33F938" author="Clark" box="[677,912,1705,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 206
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FC51F973FB13F938" author="Clark" box="[973,1200,1705,1727]" page="231" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FC51F973FBDDF938" author="Clark" box="[973,1150,1705,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2, Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 231
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995448731FF0BF910FEA3F959" ID-CoL="7NPXN" box="[151,256,1737,1758]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteropseidae" genus="Asteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942283895448731FF0BF910FEA3F959" box="[151,256,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">Asteropsis</emphasis>
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(pt)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B95448731FEADF911FDEEF959" author="Muller" box="[305,589,1736,1758]" page="62" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" year="1842">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FEADF911FD89F959" author="Muller" box="[305,554,1736,1758]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Muller, O. F. & Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. 1. Asteriae. 2. Ophiuridae. Braunschweig, xx + 134 pp." type="book" year="1842">Müller & Troschel 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 62
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A95448731FF0BF93FFC1FF97B" blockId="18.[151,1437,1613,1789]" box="[151,956,1766,1789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995448731FF0BF93FFE6EF97B" authority="Dons 1936: 18" authorityName="Dons" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,461,1766,1788]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Pseudoporania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895448731FF0BF93FFE91F97B" box="[151,306,1766,1788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">Pseudoporania</emphasis>
|
||
Dons 1936: 18
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D4A8895448731FE45F93EFDA4F97B" box="[473,519,1767,1788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995448731FDC1F93FFC15F97B" authority="Dons 1936" authorityName="Dons" authorityYear="1936" box="[605,950,1766,1789]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Pseudoporania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stormi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895448731FDC1F93FFC9CF97A" box="[605,831,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">Pseudoporania stormi</emphasis>
|
||
Dons 1936
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A195448731FF0BF8F0FD79F8C5" box="[151,730,1833,1858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A95448731FF0BF8F0FD79F8C5" blockId="18.[151,1437,1833,2038]" box="[151,730,1833,1858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895448731FF0BF8F0FE97F8C5" bold="true" box="[151,308,1833,1858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D4A8895448731FF0BF8F0FF71F8C5" box="[151,210,1833,1858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995448731FEA7F8F3FD79F8C5" authority="O.F. Muller 1776" authorityName="O.F. Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[315,730,1833,1858]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulvillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895448731FEA7F8F3FE5CF8C5" box="[315,511,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">Porania pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95448731FD92F8F3FD72F8C5" author="Muller" box="[526,721,1833,1858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" refString="Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum, etc. Havniae, xxx. + 282 pp." type="book" year="1776">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95448731FD92F8F3FD87F8C5" box="[526,548,1834,1858]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
.F. Müller 1776
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A195448730FF5BF894FEBFFC6B" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A95448730FF5BF894FC36FE57" blockId="18.[151,1437,1833,2038]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895448731FF5BF894FEE2F8E1" bold="true" box="[199,321,1869,1894]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895448731FEC9F894FE35F8E1" bold="true" box="[341,406,1869,1894]" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">Note:</emphasis>
|
||
This diagnosis is based primarily on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995448731FCCAF897FC76F8E1" box="[854,981,1869,1894]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulvillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895448731FCCAF897FC76F8E1" box="[854,981,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="345">P. pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The status of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995448731FB09F894FA9CF8E1" box="[1173,1343,1869,1894]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Pseudoporania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pseudoporania</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995448731FAC8F894FA3FF8E1" box="[1364,1436,1869,1894]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Pseudoporania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="345" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stormi">stormi</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains uncertain and as such, it was not included as part of the treatment herein.) Body weakly stellate R/ r=1.2–2.4. Disk tumescent, rays triangular in outline. Interradial arcs rounded. Abactinal, marginal and actinal surface overlain by a thick layer of skin obscuring plate boundaries in wet or certain dried specimens. Abactinal skeleton with round, cylindrical and irregularly lobate or polygonal shaped plates. Abactinal plates primarily imbricate but with some showing variable density and some displaying more open distribution between plates. Papular pores, one to ten per region, several of which are confluent. Papulae absent interradially. Papulae less abundant relative to how dense imbricate plates ae present. Marginal plates, oblong to scresent shaped. Inferomarginals similar in shape, somewhat more oblong) to but more staggered from superomarginals. Inferomarginals staggered from superomarginals. Each inferomarginal with one to five short, blunt cylindrical skin covered spine forming a distinct fringe along the actinolateral edge. Actinal surface flat. Plates quadrate to rectangular, imbricate and arranged in regular transverse series corresponding to the adambulacral plates and to the actinal-facing inferomarginals. Actinal surface devoid of accessories. Furrow spines one or two, most often two. Single subambulacral spine, all furrow spines sheathed by thck skin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A95458730FF5BFE05FC55FE72" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1014,476,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FF5BFE05FE30FE72" bold="true" box="[199,403,476,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Included species:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FE06FE04FD57FE72" authority="O.F. Muller 1776" authorityName="O.F. Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[410,756,476,501]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulvillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FE06FE04FDB4FE72" box="[410,535,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">P. pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95458730FDBAFE05FD4FFE72" author="Muller" box="[550,748,476,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" refString="Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum, etc. Havniae, xxx. + 282 pp." type="book" year="1776">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95458730FDBAFE05FD9FFE73" box="[550,572,476,500]" name="Iceland" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
.F. Müller 1776
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FC9CFE04FCFCFE73" box="[768,863,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">P. s t o r m i</emphasis>
|
||
(Dons 1936)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A95458730FF5BFE26FB5CFC07" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FF5BFE26FE71FD9F" bold="true" box="[199,466,511,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FE45FE26FDEDFD9F" box="[473,590,511,536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Glabraster</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FDC9FDD9FDCAFD90" box="[597,617,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">&</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FDEEFE26FCB4FD9F" box="[626,791,511,536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Pseudoporania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pseudoporania</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FCB4FDD8FC27FD9F" box="[808,900,513,536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FCB4FDD8FC27FD9F" box="[808,900,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Porania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as has been outlined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95458730FB05FDD9FACFFD9F" author="Clark" box="[1177,1388,511,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" refString="Clark, A. M. (1984) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 4. Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (1), 19 - 51." type="journal article" year="1984">A.M. Clark (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB95458730FF0BFDFDFE0EFDBB" author="Clark" box="[151,429,548,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is paraphyletic. Our
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF95458730FD02FDFDFD43FDBB" box="[670,736,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1078,1100]" captionTargetBox="[171,1426,222,1046]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1057]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic Tree. Tree with the highest log likelihood, based on 579 bp of the 16 S rDNA gene, obtained using the Maximum Likelihood method with a heuristic search and the Tamura-Nei model. The percentage bootstrap support values based on 500 replicates are shown next to the branches, when greater than 70 %. The scale bar shows the estimated number of substitutions per site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252135/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
supports “
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FCC0FDFCFBE1FDBB" box="[860,1090,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FCC0FDFCFC63FDBB" box="[860,960,549,572]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Porania</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FC4CFDFCFBE1FDBB" box="[976,1090,549,572]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as a separate, distinct lineage. Re-assessment of subgenera, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FDA5FD9EFD47FDE7" box="[569,740,583,608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Pseudoporania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FDA5FD9EFD47FDE7" box="[569,740,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Pseudoporania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on morphology also suggests paraphyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FA88FD90FAD3FDE7" box="[1300,1392,585,608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FA88FD90FAD3FDE7" box="[1300,1392,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Porania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF95458730FF0BFDB5FF7BFD03" box="[151,216,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1078,1100]" captionTargetBox="[171,1426,222,1046]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1057]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic Tree. Tree with the highest log likelihood, based on 579 bp of the 16 S rDNA gene, obtained using the Maximum Likelihood method with a heuristic search and the Tamura-Nei model. The percentage bootstrap support values based on 500 replicates are shown next to the branches, when greater than 70 %. The scale bar shows the estimated number of substitutions per site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252135/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
shows separation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FD97FDB4FD6DFD02" box="[523,718,620,645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulvillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FD97FDB4FD6DFD02" box="[523,718,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Porania pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and “
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FC8DFDB4FC56FD03" box="[785,1013,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FC8DFDB4FCD6FD03" box="[785,885,621,644]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Porania</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FC1FFDB4FC56FD03" box="[899,1013,621,644]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
leading to reistatement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FABDFDB5FEB9FD2F" authority="A.H. Clark." authorityName="A.H. Clark." class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FABDFDB5FA3FFD02" box="[1313,1436,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Glabraster</emphasis>
|
||
A.H. Clark.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FEBDFD48FE47FD2F" box="[289,484,655,680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulvillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FEBDFD48FE47FD2F" box="[289,484,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Porania pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D4A8895458730FD11FD49FD1EFD2F" box="[653,701,656,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FCD9FD48FC02FD2F" box="[837,929,657,680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FCD9FD48FC02FD2F" box="[837,929,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Porania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and retains the original designation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FADCFD48FF5BFD4A" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulvillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FADCFD48FF5BFD4A" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Porania pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays distinctly different abactinal and marginal plate morphology from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FBF4FD6DFAFCFD4B" box="[1128,1375,692,717]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FBF4FD6DFAFCFD4B" box="[1128,1375,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Glabraster antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The North Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FED7FD00FE68FD77" box="[331,459,727,752]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulvillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FED7FD00FE68FD77" box="[331,459,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">P. pulvillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a densely articulated, reticulate, becoming imbricate skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF95458730FB76FD0EFA92FD77" box="[1258,1329,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,218,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glabraster antarctica USNM 1081800 South Georgia Island, Scotia Sea (R = 4.6). A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Dorsolateral showing transverse abactinal plates and marginal plate series. D. USNM 1081968 Dorsolateral showing abactinal spines and marginal plate series (R = 4.3). E. USNM 1081798 McDonald Islands. Abactinal surface (R = 5.6). F. USNM 1081827 Ross Sea (R = 4.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252139/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A, F), as opposed to the more widely spaced, distinctly reticulate skeleton observed in
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FB80FD24FB0EFC93" box="[1052,1197,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">G. a n t a rc t i c a</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF95458730FB5EFD25FAABFC92" box="[1218,1288,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1338,211,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[214,1354,193,1883]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Porania pulvillus USNM E 08391 P. pulvillus - Scotland. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. USNM 5533 P. insignis Paralectotype showing densely arranged abactinal skeleton. D. USNM 6385 P. insignis Paralectotype showing widely arranged reticulate skeleton. E. USNM E 46649 P. pulvillus, Nova Scotia, showing denuded abactinals, superomarginals and inferomarginal series. F. Denuded densely arranged / imbricate abactinal plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252140/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Marginal plate morphology between the two taxa and adambulacral spination (i.e., furrow and subadambulacral spines) is also significantly different between the two taxa. In contrast, the actinal and marginal plate orientation looks identical to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FEE6FCBEFDCDFC07" box="[378,622,871,896]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FEE6FCBEFDCDFC07" box="[378,622,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Glabraster antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which suggests some parallelism in actinal plate systems.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A95458730FF5BFC55FEBFFC6B" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FF5BFC55FDE5FC22" authority="Dons 1936" authorityName="Dons" authorityYear="1936" box="[199,582,908,933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Pseudoporania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stormi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FF5BFC55FE62FC23" box="[199,449,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Pseudoporania stormi</emphasis>
|
||
Dons 1936
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should only provisionally be considered as a subgenus within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FA8EFC54FACDFC23" box="[1298,1390,909,932]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FA8EFC54FACDFC23" box="[1298,1390,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Porania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA95458730FAE1FC55FA3FFC23" box="[1405,1436,908,932]" name="American Samoa" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
indicated below, it shows several characters consistent with established poraniid genera, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FB72FC76FAD8FC4F" box="[1262,1403,943,968]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Chondraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FB72FC76FAD8FC4F" box="[1262,1403,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Chondraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA995458730FF0BFC0DFEB6FC6A" box="[151,277,980,1005]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="346" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942283895458730FF0BFC0DFEB6FC6A" box="[151,277,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="346">Culcitopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |