462 lines
53 KiB
XML
462 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="968163C987AD0AF4E6FEA4F580910D8E">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F74698BDDF36EBFDE8FF2A" blockId="175.[151,549,151,213]" box="[151,549,151,178]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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<heading id="D099471814F74698BDDF36EBFDE8FF2A" bold="true" box="[151,549,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F74698BDDF36EBFDE8FF2A" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[151,549,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F74698BDDF36EBFDE8FF2A" bold="true" box="[151,549,151,178]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F74698BDDF36EBFE5EFF29" bold="true" box="[151,403,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Megalocaria dilatata</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F74698BDDF36C7FE8EFF4E" box="[151,323,187,213]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F74698BDDF36C7FE8EFF4E" blockId="175.[151,549,151,213]" box="[151,323,187,213]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114F74698BDD736C7FEC9FF4E" box="[159,260,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="174.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,189,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@174.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="FIGURE 123. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. head; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e. female genitalia: spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261941/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Figs 123</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114F74698BC5836C7FEF6FF4E" box="[272,315,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 124" captionStartId="175.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-157@175.[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetPageId="175" captionText="FIGURE 124. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius), life stages: a. eggs; b. early–stage larva; c, d. grown larva; e–l. live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261946/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">124</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F74698BDDF377CFB37FEEF" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F74698BDDF377CFCCFFE83" blockId="175.[151,1274,255,372]" box="[151,770,255,280]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F74698BDDF377CFDE9FE83" authority="Fabricius, 1775: 82" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,548,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F74698BDDF377CFE97FE83" box="[151,346,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Coccinella dilatata</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54D54ED614F74698BF7A377CFDABFE83" box="[562,614,256,280]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614F74698BF8D377CFD3BFE83" box="[709,758,256,280]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Java</collectingRegion>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F74698BDDF3763FCE0FEAD" blockId="175.[151,1274,255,372]" box="[151,813,286,310]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14F74698BDDF3763FCE0FEAD" box="[151,813,286,310]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514F74698BDDF3763FE3AFEAD" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,503,286,310]" page="232" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" year="1850">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F74698BDDF3763FE3AFEAD" authority=": Mulsant 1850: 232" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,503,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Caria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F74698BDDF3763FEE5FEAD" box="[151,296,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Caria dilatata</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F74698BC7D3762FE3AFEAD" author="Mulsant, E." box="[309,503,286,310]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 1104" refId="ref117842" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, publiees par la Societe nationale d'Agriculture, etc., de Lyon, Deuxieme Serie, 2, 1 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8953" type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant 1850: 232</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514F74698BF4A3762FDA6FEAD" author="Mulsant, E." box="[514,619,286,310]" page="167" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" year="1866">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F74698BF4A3762FDA6FEAD" author="Mulsant, E." box="[514,619,286,310]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">1866: 167</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Crotch 1874: 171.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F74698BDDF3741FDA1FECE" blockId="175.[151,1274,255,372]" box="[151,620,317,341]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14F74698BDDF3741FDA1FECE" box="[151,620,317,341]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514F74698BDDF3741FDA5FECE" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[151,616,317,341]" page="269" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" year="1932">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F74698BDDF3741FDA5FECE" authority=": Korschefsky 1932: 269" authorityName=": Korschefsky" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,616,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Anisolemnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F74698BDDF3741FEA6FECE" box="[151,363,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Anisolemnia dilatata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F74698BC303741FDA5FECE" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[376,616,317,341]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 269</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F74698BDDF3720FB37FEEF" blockId="175.[151,1274,255,372]" box="[151,1274,347,372]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14F74698BDDF3720FB37FEEF" box="[151,1274,347,372]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514F74698BDDF3720FD70FEE8" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[151,701,347,372]" page="521" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" year="1982">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F74698BDDF3720FD70FEE8" authority=": Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 521" authorityName="Iablokoff-Khnzorian" authorityPageNumber="521" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,701,347,372]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F74698BDDF3720FEA2FEEF" box="[151,367,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Megalocaria dilatata</emphasis>
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||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F74698BC353720FD70FEE8" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[381,701,347,372]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" refId="ref114042" refString="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M. (1982) Les Coccinelles Coleopteres-Coccinellidae. Tribu Coccinellini des regions Palearctique et Orientale. Boubee, Paris, 568 pp. [in French]" type="book" year="1982">Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 521</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Poorani 2002: 334;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514F74698BED83720FBACFEEF" author="Ren, S. X. & Wang, X. M. & Pang, H. & Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T." box="[912,1121,348,372]" page="212" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" year="2009">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F74698BED83720FBACFEEF" author="Ren, S. X. & Wang, X. M. & Pang, H. & Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T." box="[912,1121,348,372]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
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||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F74698BEF73720FC21FEEF" box="[959,1004,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009: 212
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514F74698B9233720FB3BFEEF" author="Yu, G." box="[1131,1270,348,372]" page="132" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" year="2010">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F74698B9233720FB3BFEEF" author="Yu, G." box="[1131,1270,348,372]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu 2010: 132</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F74698BDDF37DDFC7AFDEB" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" type="diagnosis">
|
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F74698BDDF37DDFC7AFDEB" blockId="175.[151,1437,417,624]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F74698BDDF37DDFEDFFE20" bold="true" box="[151,274,417,443]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
Length: 10.00–13.00 mm, width: 9.00–12.00 mm. Form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114F74698BEED37DEFBDFFE27" box="[933,1042,418,444]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="174.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,189,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@174.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="FIGURE 123. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. head; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e. female genitalia: spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261941/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Fig. 123a</figureCitation>
|
||
) round, dorsum hemispherical and strongly convex, glabrous. Ground colour bright reddish/orange yellow; head with a pair of small oblique black maculae below the posterior margin of eyes and a larger transverse posterior macula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114F74698B9113796FB0AFD9F" box="[1113,1223,490,516]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="174.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,189,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@174.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="FIGURE 123. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. head; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e. female genitalia: spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261941/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Fig. 123c</figureCitation>
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||
); pronotum having two oval spots (one on either side above scutellar shield) on posterior margin; scutellar shield black; each elytron with five black spots arranged in a 1-2-2 pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114F74698BF8C344EFC87FDD7" box="[708,842,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 124" captionStartId="175.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-157@175.[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetPageId="175" captionText="FIGURE 124. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius), life stages: a. eggs; b. early–stage larva; c, d. grown larva; e–l. live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261946/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Fig. 124e–l</figureCitation>
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||
). Ventral side uniformly reddish or yellowish brown. Male genitalia (
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||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114F74698BC0F342AFE00FDEB" box="[327,461,598,624]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="174.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,189,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@174.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="FIGURE 123. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. head; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e. female genitalia: spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261941/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Fig. 123f–h</figureCitation>
|
||
) and spermatheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114F74698BFEE342AFCDFFDEB" box="[678,786,598,624]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="174.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,189,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@174.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="FIGURE 123. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. head; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e. female genitalia: spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261941/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Fig. 123e</figureCitation>
|
||
) as illustrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF11A0FC14F74698BDDF31D8FABCF826" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261946" box="[151,1393,1956,1981]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261946/files/figure.png" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" startId="175.[151,250,1956,1980]" targetBox="[151,1435,648,1932]" targetPageId="175" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F74698BDDF31D8FABCF826" blockId="175.[151,1393,1956,1981]" box="[151,1393,1956,1981]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F74698BDDF31D8FEE0F827" bold="true" box="[151,301,1956,1980]" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">FIGURE 124.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F74698BC7B31D9FD4EF826" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[307,643,1957,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F74698BC7B31D9FDC6F826" box="[307,523,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Megalocaria dilatata</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, life stages: a. eggs; b. early–stage larva; c, d. grown larva; e–l. live adult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E84687BD8F36EBFB8DFF62" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E84687BD8F36EBFB8DFF62" blockId="176.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BD8F36EBFE58FF2A" bold="true" box="[199,405,151,177]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Immature stages.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E84687BCAB36EBFD9DFF2A" box="[483,592,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 124" captionStartId="175.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-157@175.[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetPageId="175" captionText="FIGURE 124. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius), life stages: a. eggs; b. early–stage larva; c, d. grown larva; e–l. live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261946/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 124a</figureCitation>
|
||
) yellow and spindle shaped, usually laid in large groups. Larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E84687B86A36EBFF6BFF4E" captionStart="FIGURE 124" captionStartId="175.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-157@175.[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetPageId="175" captionText="FIGURE 124. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius), life stages: a. eggs; b. early–stage larva; c, d. grown larva; e–l. live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261946/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 124b– d</figureCitation>
|
||
) black with a bluish grey pruinosity / thin powdery dusting on dorsal surface, prothorax and abdominal segments 1 and 4 yellow initially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E84687BCE236A3FDD7FF62" box="[426,538,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 124" captionStartId="175.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-157@175.[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetPageId="175" captionText="FIGURE 124. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius), life stages: a. eggs; b. early–stage larva; c, d. grown larva; e–l. live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261946/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 124b</figureCitation>
|
||
), turn bright orange in later stages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114E84687BEE036A3FBFFFF62" box="[936,1074,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 124" captionStartId="175.[151,250,1956,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-157@175.[151,1435,648,1932]" captionTargetPageId="175" captionText="FIGURE 124. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius), life stages: a. eggs; b. early–stage larva; c, d. grown larva; e–l. live adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261946/files/figure.png" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Fig. 124c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E84687BD8F377EFCDFFEFE" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E84687BD8F377EFCDFFEFE" blockId="176.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BD8F377EFEACFE87" bold="true" box="[199,353,258,284]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E84687BC22377FFE69FE86" box="[362,420,259,285]" name="India" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E84687BCFC377FFDC8FE86" box="[436,517,259,285]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E84687BF5A377FFD29FE86" box="[530,740,259,285]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E84687BFB9377FFCAAFE86" box="[753,871,259,285]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E84687BE3D377FFC0FFE86" box="[885,962,259,285]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E84687BE87377FFB95FE86" box="[975,1112,259,285]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E84687B92E377FFAC8FE86" box="[1126,1285,259,285]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northeastern region);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E84687BDB2375BFE8DFEDA" box="[250,320,295,321]" name="Nepal" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E84687BC07375BFE6EFEDA" box="[335,419,295,321]" name="Bhutan" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E84687BCF9375BFE35FEDA" box="[433,504,295,321]" name="China" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In Fabricius’s original description, there is an erroneous mention of “Habitat in America” as pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E84687BC9A3737FCC3FEFE" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[466,782,331,357]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" refId="ref114042" refString="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M. (1982) Les Coccinelles Coleopteres-Coccinellidae. Tribu Coccinellini des regions Palearctique et Orientale. Boubee, Paris, 568 pp. [in French]" type="book" year="1982">Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E84687BD8F3712FC47FB8A" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E84687BD8F3712FCD1FD32" blockId="176.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BD8F3712FE24FE13" bold="true" box="[199,489,366,392]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Prey/associated habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BCBD3713FCC8FE12" authority=": Aphidoidea" authorityName="Aphidoidea" box="[501,773,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hemiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hemiptera: Aphidoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BE5D3713FC64FE12" box="[789,937,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BE5D3713FCA3FE12" box="[789,878,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Adelges</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on silver fir,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B91D3713FB12FE12" box="[1109,1247,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aiceona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B91D3713FB7CFE12" box="[1109,1201,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Aiceona</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B9B93713FED4FE36" authority="Kaltenbach" authorityName="Kaltenbach" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasturtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B9B93713FA51FE13" box="[1265,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Aphis nasturtii</emphasis>
|
||
Kaltenbach
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BC6C37EFFDE5FE36" authority="Patch" authorityName="Patch" authorityYear="1914" box="[292,552,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiraecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BC6C37EFFE2DFE36" box="[292,480,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Aphis spiraecola</emphasis>
|
||
Patch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BF7B37EFFD08FE36" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1890" box="[563,709,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Astegopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BF7B37EFFD08FE36" box="[563,709,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Astegopteryx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BFBA37EFFC80FE36" box="[754,845,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Oregma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BFBA37EFFC80FE36" box="[754,845,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Oregma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BE1537EFFB84FE36" authority="(Buckton)" baseAuthorityName="Buckton" box="[861,1097,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aiceona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BE1537EFFC02FE36" box="[861,975,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">bambusae</emphasis>
|
||
(Buckton)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B91C37EFFF16FE4A" authority="(van der Goot)" baseAuthorityName="van der Goot" baseAuthorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Astegopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B91C37EFFAF7FE37" box="[1108,1338,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Astegopteryx minuta</emphasis>
|
||
(van der Goot)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BDAF37CBFE4BFE4A" authorityName="Zehntner" authorityYear="1897" box="[231,390,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Ceratovacuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BDAF37CBFE4BFE4A" box="[231,390,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Ceratovacuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BCFE37CBFDDCFE4A" box="[438,529,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Oregma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BCFE37CBFDDCFE4A" box="[438,529,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Oregma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BF6A37CBFD22FE4A" authority="Zehntner" authorityName="Zehntner" authorityYear="1897" box="[546,751,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Ceratovacuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BF6A37CBFD4CFE4A" box="[546,641,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">lanigera</emphasis>
|
||
Zehntner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BFB337CBFB5DFE4A" authority="(Takahashi)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[763,1168,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Ceratovacuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BFB337CBFBCCFE4A" box="[763,1025,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Ceratovacuna silvestrii</emphasis>
|
||
(Takahashi)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B9D437CBFEF9FE6E" authority="van der Goot" authorityName="van der Goot" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Cervaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schouteniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B9D437CBFA51FE4A" box="[1180,1436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Cervaphis schouteniae</emphasis>
|
||
van der Goot
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BC0A37A7FD34FE6E" authority="van der Goot" authorityName="van der Goot" authorityYear="1918" box="[322,761,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Greenideoida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceyloniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BC0A37A7FD9CFE6E" box="[322,593,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Greenideoida ceyloniae</emphasis>
|
||
van der Goot
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BE4F37A7FADFFE6E" authority="(van der Goot)" baseAuthorityName="van der Goot" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[775,1298,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Mollitrichosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BE4F37A7FB94FE6F" box="[775,1113,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Mollitrichosiphum montanum</emphasis>
|
||
(van der Goot)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B86937A7FE56FD82" authority="Coquerel" authorityName="Coquerel" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pentalonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigronervosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B86937A7FEE6FD83" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Pentalonia nigronervosa</emphasis>
|
||
Coquerel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BCEC3783FC8BFD82" authority="(Takahashi)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[420,838,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pseudoregma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexanderi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BCEC3783FD77FD82" box="[420,698,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Pseudoregma alexanderi</emphasis>
|
||
(Takahashi)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BE073783FC25FD82" authorityName="Doncaster" authorityYear="1966" box="[847,1000,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pseudoregma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BE073783FC25FD82" box="[847,1000,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Pseudoregma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B95C3783FBA2FD82" box="[1044,1135,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Oregma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B95C3783FBA2FD82" box="[1044,1135,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Oregma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B9353783FA54FD82" authority="(Takahashi)" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1149,1433,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pseudoregma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B9353783FAC1FD82" box="[1149,1292,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">bambusicola</emphasis>
|
||
(Takahashi)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BDDF345FFDEAFDA6" authority="Ghosh et al." authorityName="Ghosh" box="[151,551,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pseudoregma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucktoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BDDF345FFE55FDA6" box="[151,408,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Pseudoregma bucktoni</emphasis>
|
||
Ghosh
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BCB8345FFDECFDA6" box="[496,545,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BF7F345FFD09FDA6" authorityName="Basu & Hille Ris Lambers" authorityYear="1968" box="[567,708,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Pyrolachnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BF7F345FFD09FDA6" box="[567,708,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Pyrolachnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BFBA345FFC9CFDA6" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1835" box="[754,849,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Lachnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BFBA345FFC9CFDA6" box="[754,849,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Lachnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BE2A345FFC42FDA7" box="[866,911,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">pyri</emphasis>
|
||
(Buckton) on pear,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B938345FFDC2FDFA" authority="Boyer de Fonscolombe. Collected" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii" subGenus="Toxoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B938345FFB7DFDA6" box="[1136,1200,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Aphis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B989345FFAFFFDA7" box="[1217,1330,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Toxoptera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B80A345FFA51FDA7" box="[1346,1436,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">aurantii</emphasis>
|
||
Boyer de Fonscolombe. Collected
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on sandal,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BFC2343BFC88FDFA" authorityName="Canepari" authorityYear="2003" box="[650,837,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BFC2343BFC88FDFA" box="[650,837,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Alnus nepalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BE1A343BFC31FDFB" box="[850,1020,583,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="napus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BE1A343BFC31FDFB" box="[850,1020,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Brassica napus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B941343BFB67FDFB" box="[1033,1194,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cajanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cajan">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B941343BFB67FDFB" box="[1033,1194,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Cajanus cajan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, radish and cucumber (label data). Predatory on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BC893417FD88FD1E" box="[449,581,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aiceona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BC893417FDD0FD1E" box="[449,541,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Aiceona</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
infesting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BFF03417FC47FD1E" box="[696,906,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bombycina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BFF03417FC47FD1E" box="[696,906,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Persea bombycina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an economically important field host plant of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E84687BDDF34F3FF15FD32" box="[151,216,655,681]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Muga</collectingRegion>
|
||
silkworm in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614E84687BC2534F3FE37FD32" box="[365,506,655,681]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E84687BF4134F3FCC2FD32" author="Ponnusamy, N. & Biwash, G. & Pal, S." box="[521,783,655,681]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="61 - 64" refId="ref118736" refString="Ponnusamy, N., Biwash, G. & Pal, S. (2021) Biology and feeding potential of giant ladybird beetle, Anisolemnia dilatata (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on som aphids (Aiceona sp.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 20 (1), 61 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5958 / 0974 - 4541.2021.00011.4" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Ponnusamy
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BFDC34F3FD08FD32" box="[660,709,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E84687BD8F34CFFAE1FC1A" blockId="176.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
|
||
It coexists with the giant bamboo ladybird,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BFD434CFFC39FD56" authority="(Thunberg)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[668,1012,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BFD434CFFCBDFD56" box="[668,880,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Synonycha grandis</emphasis>
|
||
(Thunberg)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on aphids infesting bamboo (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B87C34CFFEE8FD6A" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bambusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B87C34CFFEE8FD6A" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Bambusa arundinacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but is relatively less abundant than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BF8F34ABFCF4FD6A" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[711,825,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BF8F34ABFCF4FD6A" box="[711,825,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">S. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E84687BEEC34ABFC2CFD6A" box="[932,993,727,753]" name="India" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is more commonly found feeding on the bamboo leaf aphid (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BCE93487FDFEFC8E" box="[417,563,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aiceona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BCE93487FDFEFC8E" box="[417,563,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">A. bambusae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in south
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E84687BFEB3487FD10FC8E" box="[675,733,763,789]" name="India" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BE5B3487FC59FC8E" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[787,916,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Ceratovacuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BE5B3487FCEBFC8E" box="[787,806,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BE7C3487FC59FC8E" box="[820,916,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">silvestrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E84687B9023487FB4AFC8E" box="[1098,1159,763,789]" name="India" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Its seasonal occurrence, feeding habits and life history in general, closely resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BEDF3563FF16FCC6" authority="(Puttarudriah & Channabasavanna, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Puttarudriah & Channabasavanna" baseAuthorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BEDF3563FBC7FCA2" box="[919,1034,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">S. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E84687B9513563FF1EFCC6" author="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P." pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref119835" refString="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P. (1953) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore - I. Indian Journal of Entomology, 15, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1953">Puttarudriah & Channabasavanna, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It survives and reproduces on aphids infesting cowpea, groundnut, cotton, pea, rose, jack, brinjal, cabbage, radish, citrus, sorghum, etc. in the laboratory, but apparently bamboo aphids are essential/preferred food.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E84687BD8F35F6FB46FC76" blockId="176.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BD8F35F6FE0AFC3E" bold="true" box="[199,455,906,933]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Particularly abundant on bamboo during July–December in and around Bangalore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E84687BDD635D3FDABFC52" author="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[158,614,942,969]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref119835" refString="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P. (1953) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore - I. Indian Journal of Entomology, 15, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1953">Puttarudriah & Channabasavanna 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and January–February in northeastern region (Agarwala
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B84635D3FA8EFC52" box="[1294,1347,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1984). Collected during March, June–July, and September–November in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414E84687BE8C35AFFC33FC76" box="[964,1022,979,1005]" name="India" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(label data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E84687BD8F358BFC47FB8A" blockId="176.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,906,1015,1041]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BD8F358BFEB2FB8A" bold="true" box="[199,383,1015,1041]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Natural enemy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BCCE358BFC4BFB8A" authority="(Giard)" baseAuthorityName="Giard" box="[390,902,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Tetrastichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epilachnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BCCE358BFD5DFB8A" box="[390,656,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Tetrastichus epilachnae</emphasis>
|
||
(Giard) (Eulophidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14E84687BD8F3267FEE5FB72" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414E84687BD8F3267FEE5FB72" blockId="176.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BD8F3267FECBFBAE" bold="true" box="[199,262,1051,1077]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Note.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BF3A3267FCCEFBAE" box="[626,771,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BF3A3267FCCEFBAE" box="[626,771,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Megalocaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E84687BE663267FBA7FBAE" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[814,1130,1051,1077]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" refId="ref114042" refString="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M. (1982) Les Coccinelles Coleopteres-Coccinellidae. Tribu Coccinellini des regions Palearctique et Orientale. Boubee, Paris, 568 pp. [in French]" type="book" year="1982">Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B8583267FF23FBC2" authorityName=": Korschefsky" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Anisolemnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B8583267FF23FBC2" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Anisolemnia dilatata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more widely known and used in the Indian literature.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E84687BECA3243FA80FBC2" author="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[898,1357,1086,1113]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="20" refId="ref119802" refString="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P. (1952) Two giant ladybird beetles predaceous on aphids in Mysore. Indian Journal of Entomology, 14, 20." type="journal article" year="1952">Puttarudriah & Channabasavanna (1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E84687B8133242FA59FBC2" author="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[1371,1428,1086,1113]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref119835" refString="Puttarudriah, M. & Channabasavanna, G. P. (1953) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore - I. Indian Journal of Entomology, 15, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) provided brief notes on its biology and hosts. Agarwala
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BE41321FFCF6FBE6" box="[777,827,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1984) described the immature stages and studied the biology and predatory potential.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E84687BF4532FBFCEBFB3A" author="Ponnusamy, N. & Biwash, G. & Pal, S." box="[525,806,1159,1185]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="61 - 64" refId="ref118736" refString="Ponnusamy, N., Biwash, G. & Pal, S. (2021) Biology and feeding potential of giant ladybird beetle, Anisolemnia dilatata (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on som aphids (Aiceona sp.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 20 (1), 61 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5958 / 0974 - 4541.2021.00011.4" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Ponnusamy
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BFD132FBFD01FB3A" box="[665,716,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied its biology and predatory potential on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687B80832FBFF74FB5E" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aiceona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687B80832FBFA51FB3A" box="[1344,1436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Aiceona</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an aphid pest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BCC432D7FD92FB5E" box="[396,607,1195,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bombycina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BCC432D7FD92FB5E" box="[396,607,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Persea bombycina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E84687BF2732D7FCFBFB5E" author="Ren, S. X. & Wang, X. M. & Pang, H. & Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T." box="[623,822,1195,1221]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Ren
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614E84687BFEE32D7FD2CFB5E" box="[678,737,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514E84687BE3832D7FC29FB5E" author="Yu, G." box="[880,996,1195,1221]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included it in their works on Chinese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714E84687BDDF32B3FEE9FB72" baseAuthorityName="Iablokoff-Khnzorian" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[151,292,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |