379 lines
49 KiB
XML
379 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="021F1E0CDBE13D0201931AFC043F9953" ID-CLB-Dataset="7552" ID-DOI="10.1080/0022293021000058970" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a96f5118-fc2f-43e7-b9ec-171f78f10665" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653743" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617217574421" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hochberg, Rick" docDate="2004" docId="03B5991DFF25FF9EA426FBE6373FFB2D" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.38.925-937.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38 (8)" docSource="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0022293021000058970" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Cephalopharynx cannoni Hochberg 2004, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="933" masterDocId="FF8CE165FF21FF97A67DFFA23644FFA7" masterDocTitle="A new genus and subfamily of Typhloplanidae (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from Australia with a cladistic analysis of subfamily relationships" masterLastPageNumber="937" masterPageNumber="925" pageNumber="928" updateTime="1698935686020" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C2D69FBAE77CFA666F902EF694A6869A">
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<mods:title id="046D6D19207A2CDCED5CB9AE8C8C84BA">A new genus and subfamily of Typhloplanidae (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from Australia with a cladistic analysis of subfamily relationships</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B03D074D18C98F40D4435CFC4768454E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CB2EB7D6481B158B95D14230A7442AC1">Hochberg, Rick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="48B5226B1B95C2A943A5838ADFB89793">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B29B2BE17FC995A6F1D80C88D45DEF20">
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<mods:date id="1102EC7515C15D0284899922F240641B">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FAD8A14A09274BBD9E2684234F941B96">2004-04-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1F31085F85CC18DBB475219292862AD9">38</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A687A04E3A5D11103CF5FDDFDE84E767">925</mods:start>
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<treatment id="03B5991DFF25FF9EA426FBE6373FFB2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654048" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180782434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4654048" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5991DFF25FF9EA426FBE6373FFB2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5991DFF25FF9EA426FBE6373FFB2D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="933" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">
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<subSubSection id="C3067B80FF25FF93A426FBE63597FBFB" box="[603,979,1092,1116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF25FF93A426FBE63597FBFB" blockId="4.[603,979,1092,1148]" box="[603,979,1092,1116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">
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<heading id="D0EB9F67FF25FF93A426FBE63597FBFB" box="[603,979,1092,1116]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF25FF93A426FBE6352BFBFB" ID-CoL="SDLQ" authority="Hochberg, 2004" authorityName="Hochberg" authorityYear="2004" box="[603,879,1092,1116]" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Cephalopharynx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cannoni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B968F419FF25FF93A426FBE6352BFBFB" bold="true" box="[603,879,1092,1116]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">Cephalopharynx cannoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B4962FF25FF93A505FBE73597FBFB" box="[888,979,1093,1116]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3067B80FF25FF93A4B3FBC63449FB7A" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF25FF93A4B3FBC6351BFBDB" blockId="4.[603,979,1092,1148]" box="[718,863,1124,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1327348EFF25FF93A4A8FBC63513FBDB" box="[725,855,1124,1148]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStart-5="FIG" captionStartId-0="5.[313,329,757,778]" captionStartId-1="5.[313,329,1634,1655]" captionStartId-2="6.[313,329,1127,1148]" captionStartId-3="7.[313,329,735,756]" captionStartId-4="7.[313,329,1647,1668]" captionStartId-5="8.[313,329,781,802]" captionTargetBox-0="[596,985,177,730]" captionTargetBox-1="[494,1089,873,1607]" captionTargetBox-2="[416,1164,179,1101]" captionTargetBox-3="[414,1169,177,708]" captionTargetBox-4="[503,1078,852,1620]" captionTargetBox-5="[539,1044,178,754]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@5.[596,985,177,730]" captionTargetId-1="figure-29@5.[494,1089,873,1607]" captionTargetId-2="figure-4@6.[416,1164,179,1101]" captionTargetId-3="figure-8@7.[414,1169,177,708]" captionTargetId-4="figure-35@7.[503,1078,852,1620]" captionTargetId-5="figure-4@8.[539,1044,178,754]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionText-0="FIG. 2. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: light micrograph of adult specimen under minimal coverglass compression." captionText-1="FIG. 3. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: (A) sagittal section; (B) sagittal reconstruction." captionText-2="FIG. 4. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. spec. nov.: (A) sagittal section of anterior end showing portion of male reproductive system; (B) light micrograph of male reproductive system from live animal; (C) sagittal section of proximal portion of male reproductive system; (D) section through bend of vesicula granulorum." captionText-3="FIG. 5. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: (A) schematic reconstruction of male reproductive system; (B) camera lucida illustration of male copulatory stylet." captionText-4="FIG. 6. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: light micrographs of male copulatory stylet (holotype): (A) stylet proper in focus; (B) distal lip of stylet in focus." captionText-5="FIG. 7. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: sagittal section through region around common gonopore." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653748" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653752" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653754" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653756" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653758" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653762" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4653748/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4653752/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4653754/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4653756/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4653758/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4653762/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">figures 2–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF25FF93A744FB673449FB7A" blockId="4.[313,1269,1221,1532]" box="[313,525,1221,1245]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">
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<emphasis id="B968F419FF25FF93A744FB673449FB7A" box="[313,525,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3067B80FF25FF9EA71CFB44373FFB2D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="933" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF25FF93A71CFB4437E2FA9A" blockId="4.[313,1269,1221,1532]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">
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<materialsCitation id="3B742256FF25FF93A71CFB4437E2FA9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3064442301" collectingDate="2002-06" country="Australia" location="Amity Point" municipality="North Stradbroke Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54A796A9FF25FF93A71CFB443792FB5A" box="[353,470,1253,1277]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F30B689BFF25FF93A792FB47341FFB5A" box="[495,603,1253,1277]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49D8E6E9FF25FF93A40CFB4734BDFB5A" box="[625,761,1253,1277]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7B271FF25FF93A572FB473204FB5A" box="[783,1088,1253,1277]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">North Stradbroke Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8EC37ED0FF25FF93A22BFB4732B4FB5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5991DFF25FF9EA426FBE6373FFB2D:8EC37ED0FF25FF93A22BFB4732B4FB5A" box="[1110,1264,1253,1277]" country="Australia" municipality="North Stradbroke Island" name="Amity Point" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" stateProvince="Queensland">Amity Point</location>
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, intertidal in medium sand (
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<date id="FFA20ECBFF25FF93A4EDFAA73557FABA" box="[656,787,1285,1309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" value="2002-06">
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<collectingDate id="EFE6F723FF25FF93A4EDFAA73557FABA" box="[656,787,1285,1309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" value="2002-06">June 2002</collectingDate>
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</date>
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), whole-mount (polyvinyl lactophenol): G219290.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF25FF93A71CFAE7345FFA1B" blockId="4.[313,1269,1221,1532]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">
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<typeStatus id="54A796A9FF25FF93A71CFAE7379DFAFA" box="[353,473,1349,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
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: same location as holotype, two adult whole-mounts (polyvinyl lactophenol): G219291–G219292; three immature wholemounts (polyvinyl lactophenol): G219293–G219295; two sectioned specimens stained with Mallory’s trichrome: G219296–G219297.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF25FF93A71CFA6632DEFA5B" blockId="4.[313,1269,1221,1532]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">
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<emphasis id="B968F419FF25FF93A71CFA66344BFA7B" box="[353,527,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">Other material.</emphasis>
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Fourteen specimens collected intertidally, studied alive and as whole-mounts (
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<date id="FFA20ECBFF25FF93A796FA463423FA5B" box="[491,615,1508,1532]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" value="2002-06">June 2002</date>
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). One specimen collected subtidally in
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<date id="FFA20ECBFF25FF93A25BFA4632D2FA5B" box="[1062,1174,1508,1532]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928" value="2002-07">July 2002</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF25FF93A744F99237F5F9EF" blockId="4.[313,1268,1584,1736]" box="[313,433,1584,1608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">
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<emphasis id="B968F419FF25FF93A744F99237F5F9EF" box="[313,433,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF25FF93A71CF9F23476F960" blockId="4.[313,1268,1584,1736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">
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The genus and subfamily are named after the anterior position of the pharynx (greek
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<emphasis id="B968F419FF25FF93A7F3F9D237A5F92F" box="[398,481,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">cephalo</emphasis>
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: head; greek
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<emphasis id="B968F419FF25FF93A4F7F9D234A1F92F" box="[650,741,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">pharynx</emphasis>
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: throat). Species epithet is dedicated to Dr Lester
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<collectionCode id="ED0DB0CEFF25FF93A7F2F93237E3F900" box="[399,423,1680,1703]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">R</collectionCode>
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. G. Cannon, former Senior Curator of Invertebrate Zoology at the
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<collectingRegion id="49D8E6E9FF25FF93A744F91237FAF96F" box="[313,446,1712,1736]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="4" pageNumber="928">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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Museum.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF637883FF24FF92A744FD573584FC82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653748" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653748/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="929" startId="5.[313,329,757,778]" targetBox="[596,985,177,730]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF24FF92A744FD573584FC82" blockId="5.[313,1268,756,805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="929">
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FIG. 2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF24FF92A7E8FD5634CFFCAD" authority="Hochberg, 2004" authorityName="Hochberg" authorityYear="2004" box="[405,651,756,778]" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Cephalopharynx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="929" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cannoni" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B968F419FF24FF92A7E8FD5634CFFCAD" box="[405,651,756,778]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="929">Cephalopharynx cannoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B4962FF24FF92A4ECFD5734AAFCAD" box="[657,750,757,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="929" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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sp. nov.: light micrograph of adult specimen under minimal coverglass compression.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF637883FF24FF92A744F9C03520F935" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653752/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="929" startId="5.[313,329,1634,1655]" targetBox="[494,1089,873,1607]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF24FF92A744F9C03520F935" blockId="5.[313,1268,1633,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="929">
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FIG. 3.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF24FF92A7E8F9C334D1F9D0" authority="Hochberg, 2004" authorityName="Hochberg" authorityYear="2004" box="[405,661,1633,1655]" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Cephalopharynx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="5" pageNumber="929" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cannoni" status="gen. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF24FF92A7E8F9C334D1F9D0" box="[405,661,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="929">Cephalopharynx cannoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B4962FF24FF92A4D9F9C03548F9D0" box="[676,780,1634,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="929" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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sp. nov.: (A) sagittal section; (B) sagittal reconstruction.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF637883FF27FF91A744FBC53226FB6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653754/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" startId="6.[313,329,1127,1148]" targetBox="[416,1164,179,1101]" targetPageId="6">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF27FF91A744FBC53226FB6A" blockId="6.[313,1269,1127,1229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">
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FIG. 4.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF27FF91A7E8FBC534D4FBDB" authority="Hochberg, 2004" authorityName="Hochberg" authorityYear="2004" box="[405,656,1127,1148]" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Cephalopharynx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cannoni" status="gen. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A7E8FBC534D4FBDB" box="[405,656,1127,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">Cephalopharynx cannoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B4962FF27FF91A4E4FBC534BFFBDB" box="[665,763,1127,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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spec. nov.: (A) sagittal section of anterior end showing portion of male reproductive system; (B) light micrograph of male reproductive system from live animal; (C) sagittal section of proximal portion of male reproductive system; (D) section through bend of vesicula granulorum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF27FF91A744FAB037FCFA8E" blockId="6.[313,1269,1298,1736]" box="[313,440,1298,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">
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<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A744FAB037FCFA8E" box="[313,440,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">Description</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF27FF9FA71CFA933281FC4D" blockId="6.[313,1269,1298,1736]" lastBlockId="8.[313,1269,883,1736]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="932" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">
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Animals to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF27FF91A795FA933467FAEE" box="[488,547,1329,1353]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" unit="m" value="384.0">
|
||
384
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A469FA903467FAEE" box="[532,547,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF27FF91A4D2FA9334AEFAEE" box="[687,746,1329,1353]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" unit="m" value="192.0">
|
||
192
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A4A6FA9034AEFAEE" box="[731,746,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m wide with an oval body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF27FF91A25AFA9332C5FAEE" box="[1063,1153,1329,1353]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[313,329,757,778]" captionTargetBox="[596,985,177,730]" captionTargetId="figure-8@5.[596,985,177,730]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: light micrograph of adult specimen under minimal coverglass compression." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653748/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). A tail is never present. Body opaque with a glandular intestine. The entire epidermis is ciliated and may be partly syncytial. Epidermis height to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF27FF91A5AEFAD335B0FA2E" box="[979,1012,1393,1417]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" unit="m" value="8.0">
|
||
8
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A598FAD035B0FA2E" box="[997,1012,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m in section with cilia to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF27FF91A724FA33373DFA0F" box="[345,377,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" unit="m" value="6.0">
|
||
6
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A717FA33373DFA0F" box="[362,377,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m long. The distal edge of the epithelium is strongly eosinophilic. Dermal and adenal rhabdites absent. Anterior kidney-shaped eyes present and consisting of numerous small (
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A47DFA73345DFA4F" box="[512,537,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">ca</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF27FF91A45FFA733424FA4F" box="[546,608,1489,1513]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">
|
||
1–2
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A42CFA733424FA4F" box="[593,608,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m) black pigment granules. Ventral and slightly posterior to the eyes is a vertically orientated pharynx rosulatus to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF27FF91A593FA4D3258F9AF" box="[1006,1052,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" unit="m" value="58.0">
|
||
58
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A270FA533258F9AF" box="[1037,1052,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF27FF91A2CCFA52329BF9AF" box="[1201,1247,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" unit="m" value="46.0">
|
||
46
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A2ADFA53329BF9AF" box="[1232,1247,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF27FF91A701F9B23792F98F" box="[380,470,1552,1576]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[313,329,1634,1655]" captionTargetBox="[494,1089,873,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-29@5.[494,1089,873,1607]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 3. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: (A) sagittal section; (B) sagittal reconstruction." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653752/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pharynx has a slight posterior incline. In cross-section, approximately 20 columnar cells are present, each
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A55BF993357BF9EF" box="[806,831,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">ca</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF27FF91A53AF992352CF9EF" box="[839,872,1584,1608]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" unit="m" value="9.0">
|
||
9
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A524F993352CF9EF" box="[857,872,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m high with translucent cytoplasm and a basal nucleus. Posteriorly, the pharynx leads into a short oesophagus and a sac-shaped gut that extends to about three-quarters of the body length. In section, gut cells are either translucent or highly eosinophilic and to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF27FF91A592F9323259F90F" box="[1007,1053,1680,1704]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="930" unit="m" value="12.0">
|
||
12
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF27FF91A273F9333259F90F" box="[1038,1053,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="930">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m high. Some cells are shaped as inverted goblets. Diatoms were regularly present in the gut lumen. Subepidermal musculature consists of circular and longitudinal fibres. In one crosssection, approximately 10 longitudinal muscles could be counted in a
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA216FC3032DCFC0D" box="[1131,1176,914,939]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="50.0">
|
||
50
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA2F4FC3132DCFC0D" box="[1161,1176,915,938]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m span. Caudal adhesive glands absent. Protonephridia difficult to identify in most specimens but appear to branch posterior to pharynx and open separately behind mouth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF637883FF26FF90A744FD7D32E2FCA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653756/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="931" startId="7.[313,329,735,756]" targetBox="[414,1169,177,708]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF26FF90A744FD7D32E2FCA8" blockId="7.[313,1269,734,783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="931">
|
||
FIG. 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF26FF90A7E8FD7D34CBFD53" authority="Hochberg, 2004" authorityName="Hochberg" authorityYear="2004" box="[405,655,735,756]" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Cephalopharynx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="931" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cannoni" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF26FF90A7E8FD7D34CBFD53" box="[405,655,735,756]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="931">Cephalopharynx cannoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B4962FF26FF90A4E4FD7D34BFFD53" box="[665,763,735,756]" pageId="7" pageNumber="931" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. nov.: (A) schematic reconstruction of male reproductive system; (B) camera lucida illustration of male copulatory stylet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF637883FF26FF90A744F9CD32DBF938" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653758/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="931" startId="7.[313,329,1647,1668]" targetBox="[503,1078,852,1620]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF26FF90A744F9CD32DBF938" blockId="7.[313,1268,1646,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="931">
|
||
FIG. 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF26FF90A7E8F9CC34D4F923" authority="Hochberg, 2004" authorityName="Hochberg" authorityYear="2004" box="[405,656,1646,1668]" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Cephalopharynx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="931" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cannoni" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF26FF90A7E8F9CC34D4F923" box="[405,656,1646,1668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="931">Cephalopharynx cannoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B4962FF26FF90A4E4F9CD34BFF923" box="[665,763,1647,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="931" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. nov.: light micrographs of male copulatory stylet (holotype): (A) stylet proper in focus; (B) distal lip of stylet in focus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF637883FF29FF9FA744FCAF3538FC9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653762/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" startId="8.[313,329,781,802]" targetBox="[539,1044,178,754]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF29FF9FA744FCAF3538FC9B" blockId="8.[313,1268,780,828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">
|
||
FIG. 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF29FF9FA7E9FCAE34CAFC85" authority="Hochberg, 2004" authorityName="Hochberg" authorityYear="2004" box="[404,654,780,802]" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Cephalopharynx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cannoni" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA7E9FCAE34CAFC85" box="[404,654,780,802]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">Cephalopharynx cannoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B4962FF29FF9FA4EBFCAF34B3FC85" box="[662,759,781,802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
sp. nov.: sagittal section through region around common gonopore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF29FF9EA71CFC5037ADFF4A" blockId="8.[313,1269,883,1736]" lastBlockId="9.[313,1269,181,1162]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="933" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA71CFC5034C7FBAD" box="[353,643,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">Male reproductive system.</emphasis>
|
||
A single elongate testis is present immediately behind the pharynx and ventral to the vitellaria (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF29FF9FA55AFBB035C5FB8D" box="[807,897,1042,1066]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[313,329,1634,1655]" captionTargetBox="[494,1089,873,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-29@5.[494,1089,873,1607]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 3. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: (A) sagittal section; (B) sagittal reconstruction." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653752/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The testis is orientated transversely but curved along its length. The exact position of the testis is somewhat variable in living specimens. The left side is a compact germinal zone while free sperm are present along the curve and anterior portion of the testis. The entire testis is lined with circular musculature. In cross-section, the testis is
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA244FB303223FB0E" box="[1081,1127,1170,1194]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="24.0">
|
||
24
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA225FB303223FB0E" box="[1112,1127,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m diameter. Anteriorly, the testis leads into a slightly more dorsal vesicula granulorum, also curved. The vesicula granulorum is highly elongate and bent at
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA234FB703226FB4E" box="[1097,1122,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">ca</emphasis>
|
||
50% length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF29FF9FA73DFB533445FAAE" box="[320,513,1265,1289]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[313,329,1127,1148]" captionTargetBox="[416,1164,179,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-4@6.[416,1164,179,1101]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. spec. nov.: (A) sagittal section of anterior end showing portion of male reproductive system; (B) light micrograph of male reproductive system from live animal; (C) sagittal section of proximal portion of male reproductive system; (D) section through bend of vesicula granulorum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653754/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">figure 4A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Externally, it is lined with thick (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA5BDFB5335A6FAAE" box="[960,994,1265,1289]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="3.0">
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA5AEFB5035A6FAAE" box="[979,994,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m) spiral muscles, and internally, masses of small (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA40AFAB334DCFA8E" box="[631,664,1297,1321]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="1.0">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA4F4FAB034DCFA8E" box="[649,664,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m), circular, eosinophilic secretions are present along the entire length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF29FF9FA478FA9334D3FAEE" box="[517,663,1329,1353]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[313,329,1127,1148]" captionTargetBox="[416,1164,179,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-4@6.[416,1164,179,1101]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. spec. nov.: (A) sagittal section of anterior end showing portion of male reproductive system; (B) light micrograph of male reproductive system from live animal; (C) sagittal section of proximal portion of male reproductive system; (D) section through bend of vesicula granulorum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653754/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">figure 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spiral musculature of the vesicula granulorum is continuous with the male genital canal that houses a sclerotic stylet. The spiral musculature of the canal, however, is more circularly orientated, thinner (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA2F3FAD33289FA2E" box="[1166,1229,1393,1417]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">
|
||
1–2
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA2C3FAD03289FA2E" box="[1214,1229,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m), and also lines a series of longitudinal muscles. Circular muscles do not extend down to the atrium, but stop at the distal end of the stylet. The eosinophilic secretions of the vesicula granulorum are present in the proximal opening of the canal and stylet, and masses of secretions (presumably as compact glands) are present outside the male canal on either side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF29FF9FA414F9B234A5F98F" box="[617,737,1552,1576]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[313,329,1127,1148]" captionTargetBox="[416,1164,179,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-4@6.[416,1164,179,1101]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. spec. nov.: (A) sagittal section of anterior end showing portion of male reproductive system; (B) light micrograph of male reproductive system from live animal; (C) sagittal section of proximal portion of male reproductive system; (D) section through bend of vesicula granulorum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653754/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">figures 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF29FF9FA492F9AD3552F98F" box="[751,790,1551,1576]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[313,329,735,756]" captionTargetBox="[414,1169,177,708]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[414,1169,177,708]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 5. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: (A) schematic reconstruction of male reproductive system; (B) camera lucida illustration of male copulatory stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653756/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stylet is an elongate tubular organ, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA727F99237D1F9EF" box="[346,405,1584,1608]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="108.0">
|
||
108
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA7FBF99337D1F9EF" box="[390,405,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m long, with two slight bends along its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF29FF9FA5CAF9923266F9EF" box="[951,1058,1583,1608]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[313,329,735,756]" captionTargetBox="[414,1169,177,708]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[414,1169,177,708]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 5. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: (A) schematic reconstruction of male reproductive system; (B) camera lucida illustration of male copulatory stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653756/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">figure 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF29FF9FA252F9923205F9EF" box="[1071,1089,1584,1608]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[313,329,1647,1668]" captionTargetBox="[503,1078,852,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-35@7.[503,1078,852,1620]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 6. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: light micrographs of male copulatory stylet (holotype): (A) stylet proper in focus; (B) distal lip of stylet in focus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653758/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximal opening is rimmed and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA4EDF9ED34FAF9CF" box="[656,702,1615,1640]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA4D2F9F334FAF9CF" box="[687,702,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m wide. Approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA5A9F9F235B1F9CF" box="[980,1013,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="3.0">
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA59BF9F335B1F9CF" box="[998,1013,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m from the opening is an external ring followed by a pair of shark fin-shaped structures (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA230F9D23234F92F" box="[1101,1136,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="9.0">
|
||
9
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA21CF9D33234F92F" box="[1121,1136,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m long) on either side. The stylet narrows to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA4C1F93234AEF90F" box="[700,746,1680,1704]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="11.0">
|
||
11
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA4A6F93334AEF90F" box="[731,746,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m at
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA55AF9333504F90F" box="[807,832,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">ca</emphasis>
|
||
50% length. Close to the distal end is a bendable lip-like structure to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF29FF9FA4CFF90D34A4F960" box="[690,736,1711,1736]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="932" unit="m" value="54.0">
|
||
54
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF29FF9FA4ACF91234A4F960" box="[721,736,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="932">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m long. When in the male canal, the lip-like structure is bent back along the length of the stylet. During fixation, the lip unfolds from the stylet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF28FF9EA71CFF573591FDEB" blockId="9.[313,1269,181,1162]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA71CFF5734DCFEAA" box="[353,664,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">Female reproductive system.</emphasis>
|
||
The female organs include paired vitellaria, a single ovary, bursa, and uterus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF28FF9EA41AFEB73485FE8A" box="[615,705,277,301]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[313,329,1634,1655]" captionTargetBox="[494,1089,873,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-29@5.[494,1089,873,1607]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 3. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: (A) sagittal section; (B) sagittal reconstruction." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653752/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paired vitellaria extend from 30% body length to the posterior one-third of the body. Vitellaria are compact eosinophilic strands, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF28FF9EA79AFEF63451FECB" box="[487,533,340,365]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA47BFEF73451FECB" box="[518,533,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m high by
|
||
<quantity id="4CE485EEFF28FF9EA4EBFEF73480FECB" box="[662,708,341,365]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="933" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
10
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA4C8FEF73480FECB" box="[693,708,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">µ</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
m wide in section, and ventro-lateral to the gut. Caudally, the vitellaria connect to the common female genital canal close to the site of the ovary. The canal is highly muscular with thick walls surrounded by longitudinal muscles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF28FF9EA7A8FE16347EFE6B" box="[469,570,436,460]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[313,329,1634,1655]" captionTargetBox="[494,1089,873,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-29@5.[494,1089,873,1607]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 3. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: (A) sagittal section; (B) sagittal reconstruction." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653752/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF28FF9EA434FE16341EFE6B" box="[585,602,436,460]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[313,329,781,802]" captionTargetBox="[539,1044,178,754]" captionTargetId="figure-4@8.[539,1044,178,754]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 7. Cephalopharynx cannoni gen. nov. sp. nov.: sagittal section through region around common gonopore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653762/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distally, the canal leads into a uterus. The walls of the uterus were lined with longitudinal muscles extending from the female canal. A light, alcian blue-staining flocculent material was always present in the lumen of the uterus. Proximal to the uterus and ovary is an elongate bursa, sheathed in longitudinal muscle, and partially collapsed in all specimens examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF28FF9EA71CFDF63221FC4D" blockId="9.[313,1269,181,1162]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA71CFDF63791FDCB" box="[353,469,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">Cladistics.</emphasis>
|
||
Eleven characters were assembled for cladistic analysis (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69E1DB0FF28FF9EA216FDF63281FDCB" box="[1131,1221,596,620]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[437,494,874,896]" captionText="Table 1. Characters used in the analysis of subfamily relationships." pageId="9" pageNumber="933">tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69E1DB0FF28FF9EA2A9FDF632A2FDCB" box="[1236,1254,596,620]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[313,370,1296,1318]" captionText="Table 2. Data matrix of character states used in phylogenetic analysis of subfamilies; Dalyelliidae is the outgroup." pageId="9" pageNumber="933">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). A heuristic search found seven most parsimonious trees (Length
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA231FDD13223FD2C" bold="true" box="[1100,1127,627,651]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
19, Consistency Index
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA7C0FD31379CFD0C" bold="true" box="[445,472,659,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
0.684, Retention Index
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA493FD31354DFD0C" bold="true" box="[750,777,659,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
0.647). The strict consensus tree placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF28FF9EA744FD1137A5FD6C" authorityName="Wahl" authorityYear="1910" box="[313,481,691,715]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="933" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phaenocorinae">Phaenocorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the most basal subfamily within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF28FF9EA583FD1132EBFD6C" authorityName="Graff" authorityYear="1905" box="[1022,1199,691,715]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="933" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Typhloplanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF28FF9EA744FD713461FD4C" authorityName="Hochberg" authorityYear="2004" box="[313,549,723,747]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="933" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cephalopharynginae">Cephalopharynginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister group to the remaining seven families (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF28FF9EA2F6FD7132A1FD4C" box="[1163,1253,723,747]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[313,329,1687,1708]" captionTargetBox="[610,973,1360,1657]" captionTargetId="figure-417@9.[607,975,1357,1661]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 8. Strict consensus of seven most parsimonious trees showing subfamily relationships within the Typhloplanidae. Numbers next to nodes are bootstrap values greater than 50%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653764/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF28FF9EA744FD5137AEFCAC" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1904" box="[313,490,755,779]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="933" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Typhloplaninae">Typhloplaninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF28FF9EA450FD513496FCAC" authorityName="Hyman" authorityYear="1955" box="[557,722,755,779]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="933" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesostominae">Mesostominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sister taxa with 55% bootstrap support. There was 67% bootstrap support for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C5388FF28FF9EA497FCB13592FC8C" authorityName="Hochberg" authorityYear="2004" box="[746,982,787,811]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Typhloplanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="933" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cephalopharynginae">Cephalopharynginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus the remaining seven families. Selective exclusion of protonephridial characters (3 and 4) resulted in a single most parsimonious tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF28FF9EA4DEFCF13574FCCD" box="[675,816,851,875]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[313,329,903,924]" captionTargetBox="[609,973,182,874]" captionTargetId="figure-4@10.[606,976,179,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 9. Relationships among subfamilies based on the selective deletion of characters: (A) single most parsimonious tree based on the exclusion of protonephridial characters (3 and 4); (B) strict consensus of 20 most parsimonious trees based on the exclusion of male reproductive characters (8–10). Numbers next to nodes are bootstrap values greater than 50%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653766/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">figure 9A; L</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA54DFCF1350FFCCC" bold="true" box="[816,843,851,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
14, CI
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA5EEFCF135EAFCCC" bold="true" box="[915,942,851,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
0.625, RI
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA267FCF13271FCCC" bold="true" box="[1050,1077,851,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
0.571). Removal of characters pertaining to the testes (8–10) resulted in 20 most parsimonious trees (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1327348EFF28FF9EA73DFC303797FC0D" box="[320,467,914,939]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[313,329,903,924]" captionTargetBox="[609,973,182,874]" captionTargetId="figure-4@10.[606,976,179,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 9. Relationships among subfamilies based on the selective deletion of characters: (A) single most parsimonious tree based on the exclusion of protonephridial characters (3 and 4); (B) strict consensus of 20 most parsimonious trees based on the exclusion of male reproductive characters (8–10). Numbers next to nodes are bootstrap values greater than 50%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653766/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">figure 9B; L</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA7AFFC3037A9FC0D" bold="true" box="[466,493,914,938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
14, CI
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA440FC30341CFC0D" bold="true" box="[573,600,914,938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
0.714, RI
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA4B1FC3034A3FC0D" bold="true" box="[716,743,914,938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
0.636). Exclusion of pharyngeal characters (1 and 2) resulted in 43 most parsimonious trees with minimal resolution of ingroup relationships in a strict consensus tree (L
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA56FFC703569FC4D" bold="true" box="[786,813,978,1002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
16, CI
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA508FC7035D4FC4D" bold="true" box="[885,912,978,1002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
0.625, RI
|
||
<emphasis id="B968F419FF28FF9EA587FC703251FC4D" bold="true" box="[1018,1045,978,1002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">=</emphasis>
|
||
0.571).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA3280BFF28FF9EA71CFC50373FFB2D" blockId="9.[313,1269,181,1162]" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">
|
||
Increasing the number of heuristic replications to 10 000 failed to find additional trees. A branch and bound search was also employed in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0DB0CEFF28FF9EA5B3FBB03253FB8D" box="[974,1047,1042,1066]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/i1x1-g5cx" name="Punjab Agricultural University" pageId="9" pageNumber="933">PAUP</collectionCode>
|
||
but resulted in the same number of trees and same tree topology as the original heuristic search. An exhaustive search also found seven most parsimonious trees with shortest length of 19.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |