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<mods:title id="5F15A73C8BD80A0E4057D5B7DE7B7E6C">A catalog of the Brachystomatidae of Chile (Diptera: Empidoidea)</mods:title>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="05EE5FFCFFA4FF9F1C92FD15FDE56DA5" ID-CoL="Y2Y" ID-ENA="192470" authority="Philippi, 1865" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[238,575,721,748]" class="Insecta" family="Brachystomatidae" genus="Apalocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F09AF86DFFA4FF9F1C92FD15FE506DA5" bold="true" box="[238,394,721,748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Apalocnemis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1DEEFD15FDE56DA5" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[402,575,721,748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref11253" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft, Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="05EE5FFCFFA4FF9F1CEBFCD2FDC06C67" ID-CoL="Y2Y" authority="Philippi, 1865: 752 - 753" authorityName="Philippi" authorityPageNumber="752 - 753" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,538,790,814]" class="Insecta" family="Brachystomatidae" genus="Apalocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F09AF86DFFA4FF9F1CEBFCD2FEC06C67" box="[151,282,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Apalocnemis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1D5CFCD2FDC06C67" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[288,538,790,814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref11253" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft, Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865: 752753</bibRefCitation>
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. Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="05EE5FFCFFA4FF9F1ECFFCD2FBFF6C67" ID-CoL="F6Q5" authority="Philippi, 1865" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[691,1061,790,814]" class="Insecta" family="Brachystomatidae" genus="Apalocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="F09AF86DFFA4FF9F1ECFFCD2FC556C67" box="[691,911,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Apalocnemis obscura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1FE9FCD2FBFF6C67" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[917,1061,790,814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref11253" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft, Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(mon.).
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="434F026EFFA4FF9F1CEBFCF1FE146C04" author="Melander, A. L." box="[151,462,821,845]" page="97" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" year="1928">
<taxonomicName id="05EE5FFCFFA4FF9F1CEBFCF1FE146C04" authority="Melander, 1928: 97" authorityName="Melander" authorityPageNumber="97" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,462,821,845]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Timalphes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F09AF86DFFA4FF9F1CEBFCF1FF256C04" box="[151,255,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Timalphes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1D7AFCF1FE146C04" author="Melander, A. L." box="[262,462,821,845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref10896" refString="Melander, A. L. (1928) Diptera, Fam. Empididae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, 185 (1927), 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1928">Melander, 1928: 97</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<typeStatus id="1D559ADDFFA4FF9F1DA4FCF1FDD06C04" box="[472,522,821,845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="05EE5FFCFFA4FF9F1E1BFCF1FC726C04" ID-CoL="8BJ92" authority="Hutton, 1901" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1901" box="[615,936,821,845]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Clinocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumosa">
<emphasis id="F09AF86DFFA4FF9F1E1BFCF1FCC66C04" box="[615,796,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clinocera fumosa</emphasis>
Hutton, 1901
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(orig. des.).
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F09AF86DFFA4FF9F1CEBFCBFFEFA6CDC" bold="true" box="[151,288,891,917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1D55FCBFFE3E6CDC" author="Reed, E. C." box="[297,484,891,917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="271 - 316" refId="ref11607" refString="Reed, E. C. (1888) Catailogo de los insectos diipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271 - 316." type="journal article" year="1888">Reed, 1888: 301</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1E4BFCBFFD2C6CDC" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[567,758,891,917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="111 - 134" refId="ref9707" refString="Bigot, J. M. F. (1889) Dipteres nouveaux ou peu connus. 34 e partie. XLII. Empidi (J. B.) Annales de la Socieitei Entomologique de France, Series 6, 9, 111 - 134." type="journal article" year="1889">Bigot, 1889: 117</bibRefCitation>
(in key);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1F15FCBFFB8F6CDC" author="Melander, A. L." box="[873,1109,891,917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="218 - 227" refId="ref10844" refString="Melander, A. L. (1908) Family Empididae. In: Williston, S. W. (Ed.), Manual of North American Diptera. 3 rd Edition. J. J. Hathaway, New Haven, Connecticut, pp. 218 - 227." type="book chapter" year="1908">Melander, 1908: 226</bibRefCitation>
(in key); Kertész, 1909: 111 (cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1C9CFC5BFE4D6CF0" author="Collin, J. E." box="[224,407,927,953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref9967" refString="Collin, J. E. (1928) New Zealand Empididae based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London, 110 pp." type="book" year="1928">Collin, 1928: 64</bibRefCitation>
(com.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1D8AFC5BFCCD6CF0" author="Melander, A. L." box="[502,791,927,953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref10896" refString="Melander, A. L. (1928) Diptera, Fam. Empididae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, 185 (1927), 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1928">Melander, 1928: 100101</bibRefCitation>
(redes.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1FFDFC5BFBB86CF0" author="Collin, J. E." box="[897,1122,927,953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref10054" refString="Collin, J. E. (1933) Part IV Empididae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. British Museum (Natural History), London, 334 pp." type="book" year="1933">Collin, 1933: 7374</bibRefCitation>
(com.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F18BDFC5BFA466CF0" author="Melander, A. L." box="[1217,1436,927,953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref10934" refString="Melander, A. L. (1946) The Nearctic species of Iteaphila and Apalocnemis. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 41, 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="1946">Melander, 1946: 30</bibRefCitation>
(redes.), 3839 (com.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1DE2FC07FD8A6C94" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[414,592,963,989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref12308" refString="Smith, K. G. V. (1967) Family Empididae (Empidae, Hybotidae). 39. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, SaTo Paulo, pp. 1 - 67." type="book chapter" year="1967">Smith, 1967: 28</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1EE3FC07FC706C94" author="Sinclair, B. J." box="[671,938,963,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="665 - 752" refId="ref11697" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (1995) Generic revision of the Clinocerinae (Empididae), and description and phylogenetic relationships of the Trichopezinae, new status (Diptera: Empidoidea). The Canadian Entomologist, 127, 665 - 752. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 127665 - 5" type="journal article" year="1995">Sinclair, 1995: 720721</bibRefCitation>
(class.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1873FC07FAAD6C97" author="Sinclair, B. J. &amp; Cumming, J. M." box="[1039,1399,963,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref12070" refString="Sinclair, B. J. &amp; Cumming, J. M. (2000) Revision of the genus Apterodromia (Diptera: Empidoidea), with a redefinition of the tribe Ocydromiini. Records of the Australian Museum, 52, 161 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.52.2000.1313" type="journal article" year="2000">Sinclair &amp; Cumming, 2000: 185</bibRefCitation>
(in key);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1CABFC23FD8F6B48" author="Moulton, J. K. &amp; Wiegmann, B. M." box="[215,597,999,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="710 - 713" refId="ref11057" refString="Moulton, J. K. &amp; Wiegmann, B. M. (2007) The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 710 - 713. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.02.029" type="journal article" year="2007">Moulton &amp; Wiegmann, 2007: 708</bibRefCitation>
, 712 (phy.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1E9CFC23FC7F6B48" author="Sinclair, B. J." box="[736,933,999,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="30 - 36" refId="ref11896" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (2011) Revision of the New Zealand genus Adipsomyia (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae: Trichopezinae), with key to local Empidoid family and selected genus groups. The New Zealand Entomologist, 34, 30 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00779962.2011.9722205" type="journal article" year="2011">Sinclair, 2011: 31</bibRefCitation>
(in key);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F186EFC23FA9E6B4B" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Sinclair, B. J." box="[1042,1348,999,1026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="58 - 62" refId="ref11540" refString="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Sinclair, B. J. (2012) Revision of Neotropical species of Empidoidea (Diptera) described by Mario Bezzi. X. The species described in Apalocnemis Philippi (Brachystomatidae, Trichopezinae). Zootaxa, 3270 (1), 58 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3270.1.5" type="journal article" year="2012">Rafael &amp; Sinclair, 2012: 59</bibRefCitation>
(diag.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1CEBFBCFFE8D6B6C" author="Smith, K. G. V." box="[151,343,1035,1061]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="382 - 392" refId="ref12431" refString="Smith, K. G. V. (2012) 43. Family Empididae. In: Evenhuis, N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions, Online Version, pp. 382 - 392. Available from: http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / aocat / hybotidae. html (accessed 31 August 2020)" type="book chapter" year="2012">Smith, 2012: 383</bibRefCitation>
(cat.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1DDAFBCFFDAA6B6C" author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[422,624,1035,1061]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref10240" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (2014). Family Brachystomatidae. In: Catalog of the Fossil Flies of the World (Insecta: Diptera) Website. Version 2.0. Available from: http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / fossilcat / [filename]. html (accessed 11 September 2020)" type="url" year="2014">Evenhuis, 2014: 1</bibRefCitation>
(fossil);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1EAFFBCFFBD56B6C" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Chagas, C. B." box="[723,1039,1035,1061]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref11470" refString="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Chagas, C. B. (2014) Empididae &amp; Brachystomatidae. In: Roig-JunTent, S., Claps, L. E. &amp; Morrone, J. J. (Dirs.), Biodiversidad de Artroipodos Argentinos. Vol. 4. Editorial INSUE - UNT, San Miguel de Tucumain, pp. 333 - 338." type="book" year="2014">Rafael &amp; Chagas, 2014: 433</bibRefCitation>
(in key), 438 (list);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1891FBCFFF156B03" author="Sinclair, B. J." pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1251 - 1256" refId="ref11954" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (2017 a) 53. Brachystomatidae (Brachystomatid dance flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. &amp; Sinclair, B. J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 1251 - 1256." type="book chapter" year="2017">Sinclair, 2017a: 1255</bibRefCitation>
(man., in key, com.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1DB9FBEBFCC56B00" author="Walhberg, E. &amp; Johanson, K. A." box="[453,799,1071,1097]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="619 - 636" refId="ref12558" refString="Walhberg, E. &amp; Johanson, K. A. (2018) Molecular phylogenetics reveals novel relationships within Empidoidea (Diptera). Systematic Entomology, 43, 619 - 636. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12297" type="journal article" year="2018">Walhberg &amp; Johanson, 2018: 8</bibRefCitation>
(class.);
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1FF9FBEBFB046B00" author="Gonzalez, C. R. &amp; Llanos, L." box="[901,1246,1071,1097]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="101 - 124" refId="ref10598" refString="Gonzalez, C. R. &amp; Llanos, L. (2019) 5. Diipteros (Insecta: Diptera) en la Cordillera de la Costa centro-sur de Chile: una mirada a su diversidad. In: Smith-Ramiirez. C. &amp; Squeo, F. A. (Eds.), Biodiversidad y Ecologiia de los Bosques Costeros de Chile. Editorial Universidad de Los Lagos, Los Lagos, pp. 101 - 124." type="book chapter" year="2019">González &amp; Llanos, 2019: 120</bibRefCitation>
(faun.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AF477F4FFA4FF9F1CEBFB97FF336A68" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C251247FFFA4FF9F1CEBFB97FF336A68" blockId="5.[151,1437,891,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="F09AF86DFFA4FF9F1CEBFB97FED16B24" bold="true" box="[151,267,1107,1133]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05EE5FFCFFA4FF9F1D6FFB97FE7E6B24" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[275,420,1107,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Brachystomatidae" genus="Apalocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F09AF86DFFA4FF9F1D6FFB97FE7E6B24" box="[275,420,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Apalocnemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a genus with 28 worldwide described species, occurring mainly in the Australasian and Neotropical Regions (
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1DF1FBB3FDEC6BD8" author="Sinclair, B. J." box="[397,566,1143,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1251 - 1256" refId="ref11954" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (2017 a) 53. Brachystomatidae (Brachystomatid dance flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. &amp; Sinclair, B. J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 1251 - 1256." type="book chapter" year="2017">Sinclair 2017a</bibRefCitation>
), the latter region now split into Andean and Neotropical regions by
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1946FBBCFF016BFC" author="Morrone, J. J." pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10999" refString="Morrone, J. J. (1999) Presentacion preliminar de un nuevo esquema biogeografico de America del Sur. Biogeographica, 75, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1999">Morrone (1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1C96FB5FFEFC6BFC" author="Morrone, J. J." box="[234,294,1179,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="65 - 82" refId="ref11028" refString="Morrone, J. J. (2001) A proposal concerning formal definitions of the Neotropical and Andean regions. Biogeographica, 77, 65 - 82." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
). The New World distribution extends from southwestern
<collectingRegion id="002AEA9DFFA4FF9F1FB3FB58FBBF6BFC" box="[975,1125,1179,1206]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="BAF964EFFFA4FF9F180BFB5FFB686BFC" box="[1143,1202,1179,1205]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">USA</collectingCountry>
) (B.J. Sinclair pers. comm. 2021) through Central America (
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1E1EFB7BFC4F6B90" author="Cumming, J. M. &amp; Sinclair, B. J." box="[610,917,1215,1241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref10088" refString="Cumming, J. M. &amp; Sinclair, B. J. (2009). Empididae (dance flies, balloon flies, predaceous flies). In: Brown, B. V. Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. &amp; Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 653 - 670." type="book" year="2009">Cumming &amp; Sinclair 2009</bibRefCitation>
) to the extreme south of
<collectingCountry id="BAF964EFFFA4FF9F18CAFB7BFAFF6B90" box="[1206,1317,1215,1241]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="BAF964EFFFA4FF9F191CFB7BFA476B90" box="[1376,1437,1215,1241]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F1CE3FB27FE7C6BB4" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Sinclair, B. J." box="[159,422,1251,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="58 - 62" refId="ref11540" refString="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Sinclair, B. J. (2012) Revision of Neotropical species of Empidoidea (Diptera) described by Mario Bezzi. X. The species described in Apalocnemis Philippi (Brachystomatidae, Trichopezinae). Zootaxa, 3270 (1), 58 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3270.1.5" type="journal article" year="2012">Rafael &amp; Sinclair 2012</bibRefCitation>
). An identification key to species of
<taxonomicName id="05EE5FFCFFA4FF9F1F45FB27FC106BB4" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[825,970,1251,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Brachystomatidae" genus="Apalocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F09AF86DFFA4FF9F1F45FB27FC106BB4" box="[825,970,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Apalocnemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in South America was provided by
<bibRefCitation id="A67F598EFFA4FF9F192AFB27FF3C6A68" author="Collin, J. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref10054" refString="Collin, J. E. (1933) Part IV Empididae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. British Museum (Natural History), London, 334 pp." type="book" year="1933">Collin (1933)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>