197 lines
22 KiB
XML
197 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="199056B9969E0686BEBAA7A2E9956922">
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<mods:title id="2CF80B2C3BD50CF9E03FF5BA635DAC9D">Cercopithecidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="364DC03FF5BA52DD00B134A4A5185643">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5E2A830D6795288CDF48680A027A20B5">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52BFBBC9575F31808C48B45282AC57BB">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="1DAB1E7DDB3E22D15169162FA272894C">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="55312B79D272E5AFBB58FA587C3FFB32">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="0EFD86E6D15B739D0AF3E21D371D929F">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="EFF87BD3DC9079653045F32117533282">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CE199B17FF91FF95FAC5693BFDB7F755" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6863353" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197824650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6863353" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE199B17FF91FF95FAC5693BFDB7F755" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE199B17FF91FF95FAC5693BFDB7F755" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="709" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FAC5693BFA61F3A5" box="[1436,1494,3115,3161]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FAC5693BFA61F3A5" blockId="80.[1435,2390,3115,3201]" box="[1436,1494,3115,3161]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF91FF94FAC5693BFA61F3A5" box="[1436,1494,3115,3161]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<figureCitation id="DE8B3684FF91FF94FAC5693BFA61F3A5" box="[1436,1494,3115,3161]" captionStart="Plate 46: Cercopithecidae" captionStartId="77.[99,129,3331,3356]" captionTargetBox="[14,2746,16,3643]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="87. Upper Guinea Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius), 88. Temminck’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus temmincki), 89. Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus waldronae), 90. Zanzibar Red Colobus (Piliocolobus kirku), 91. Udzungwa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus gordonorum), 92. Pennant’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus pennantii), 93. Bouvier’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus bouvieri), 94. Niger Delta Red Colobus (Piliocolobus epieni), 95. Preuss’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus preussi), 96. Tana River Red Colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus), 97. Semliki Red Colobus (Piliocolobus semlikiensis), 98. Foa’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus foai), 99. Lang’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus langi), 100. Oustalet’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus oustaleti), 101. Lomami Red Colobus (Piliocolobus parmentieri), 102. Ashy Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles), 103. Tshuapa Red Colobus (Piliocolobus tholloni), 104. Olive Colobus (Procolobus verus)" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">95.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FABE693BF816F3A5" box="[1511,1953,3115,3161]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FABE693BF816F3A5" blockId="80.[1435,2390,3115,3201]" box="[1511,1953,3115,3161]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF91FF94FABE693BF816F3A5" box="[1511,1953,3115,3161]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF91FF94FABE693BF816F3A5" box="[1511,1953,3115,3161]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Preuss’s Red Colobus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94F8BC693BF68BF3A5" box="[2021,2364,3115,3161]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94F8BC693BF68BF3A5" blockId="80.[1435,2390,3115,3201]" box="[2021,2364,3115,3161]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF91FF94F8BC693BF68BF3A5" box="[2021,2364,3115,3161]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94F8BC693BF68BF3A5" ID-CoL="4HTQW" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1900" box="[2021,2364,3115,3161]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="preussi">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94F8BC693BF68BF3A5" box="[2021,2364,3115,3161]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Piliocolobus preussi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FAC5697BF6E3F37C" box="[1436,2388,3179,3200]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FAC5697BF6E3F37C" blockId="80.[1435,2390,3115,3201]" box="[1436,2388,3179,3200]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<heading id="1D479D6DFF91FF94FAC5697BF6E3F37C" box="[1436,2388,3179,3200]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94FAC5697BFA5EF37C" bold="true" box="[1436,1513,3179,3200]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF91FF94FAAB697BF915F37C" box="[1522,1698,3179,3200]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Colobe de Preuss</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94F9EE697BF8A5F37C" bold="true" box="[1719,1810,3179,3200]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF91FF94F845697BF85FF37C" box="[1820,2024,3179,3200]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Preuss-Stummelaffe</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94F8A4697BF7EEF37C" bold="true" box="[2045,2137,3179,3200]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="C8B35A2FFF91FF94F73B697BF6E3F37C" box="[2146,2388,3179,3200]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Colobo rojo de Camerun</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FAC269BDF7A4F332" box="[1435,2067,3245,3278]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FAC269BDF7A4F332" blockId="80.[1434,2639,3245,3483]" box="[1435,2067,3245,3278]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF91FF94FAC269BDF981F332" bold="true" box="[1435,1590,3245,3278]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94F91B69BDF7B9F332" ID-CoL="4HTQW" authority="Matschie, 1900" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1900" box="[1602,2062,3245,3278]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="preussi">Piliocolobus preussi Matschie, 1900</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94F74669BDF592F332" box="[2079,2597,3245,3278]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94F74669BDF592F332" blockId="80.[1434,2639,3245,3483]" box="[2079,2597,3245,3278]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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||
<materialsCitation id="F6D8205CFF91FF94F74669BDF592F332" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864421325" box="[2079,2597,3245,3278]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">Cameroon, Barombi, Elephant Lake.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF91FF94FAC469C9F68AF268" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF91FF94FAC469C9F68AF268" blockId="80.[1434,2639,3245,3483]" pageId="80" pageNumber="708">
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Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either divide the red colobus and the Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94F9F96815F8A5F2E2" box="[1696,1810,3333,3358]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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into two genera,
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94F7546815F716F2E2" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[2061,2209,3333,3358]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piliocolobus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94F7B06815F6D9F2E2" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[2281,2414,3333,3358]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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, respectively, or consider them to belong to one genus,
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94F88D683CF7EEF2B9" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[2004,2137,3372,3397]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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, with two subgenera (
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94F6CD683CF5ACF2B9" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[2452,2587,3372,3397]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procolobus</taxonomicName>
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for the Olive
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94F97F685FF92FF290" box="[1574,1688,3407,3436]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF91FF94F9B9685FF8C3F290" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[1760,1908,3407,3436]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="80" pageNumber="708" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piliocolobus</taxonomicName>
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for the red colobus). We follow here C. P. Groves in his publications of 2001 and 2007 in using two genera. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF90FF95FDB36436FC77FDCF" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" type="distribution">
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<caption id="12CF7A89FF90FF95FDB36436FC77FDCF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6867291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6867291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6867291/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" targetBox="[131,713,304,711]" targetPageId="81">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF90FF95FDB36436FC77FDCF" blockId="81.[745,1332,294,721]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF90FF95FDB36436FC2DFEBB" bold="true" box="[746,922,294,327]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE Nigeria (Ikpan block in the Oban Hills Division in Cross River National Park) and NW Cameroon (Yabassi, Korup National Park, Ebo Forest just N of the Sanaga River and Makombe Forest to the N of Ebo Forest, where they were heard in 2003).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF90FF95FDB0672AFC77FBA6" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" type="description">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF90FF95FDB0672AFC77FBA6" blockId="81.[745,1332,294,721]" lastBlockId="81.[124,1331,727,2217]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF90FF95FDB0672AFC50FDA7" bold="true" box="[745,999,570,603]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 56-63 cm (males) and ¢.62 cm (females), tail 75— 76 cm (males) and ¢.75 cm (females); no specific data are available for body weight. Fur of Preuss’s Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF90FF95FEC267C7FDBAFD04" box="[411,525,727,760]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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is dense and frizzier than in other species of
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF90FF95FBC167C7FA9AFD04" authorityName="Rochebrune" authorityYear="1877" box="[1176,1325,727,760]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Piliocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piliocolobus</taxonomicName>
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. Each body hair is ticked red and black, with black predominating on the dorsum and red on flanks. Middle of the back is dark brown, and lower flanks, tail, and limbs (including hands and feet) are bright orange-rufous. Underparts are pale red-gold; this color extends very narrowly up the throat to the chin. Inner surfaces of limbs are white. Cheeks are orange, forehead black, and crown and neck are blackish. Thereis a whorl above the brows, but no whorls above the ears. Infants are black, with gray underparts. Adult females have a large, prominentclitoris. In N. Ting’s mtDNA phylogeny, Preuss’s Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF90FF95FE216102FE5DFBCF" box="[376,490,1042,1075]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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forms a clade with, and is very closely related to, Pennant’s Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF90FF95FF99612DFE85FBA6" box="[192,306,1085,1114]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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(P. pennantiz), but its vocalizations are distinct.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF90FF95FF276171FD99FB55" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF90FF95FF276171FD99FB55" blockId="81.[124,1331,727,2217]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF90FF95FF276171FF5AFB7E" bold="true" box="[126,237,1121,1154]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Tall primary, lowland moist rainforest. Preuss’s Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF90FF95FCB96171FBE5FB7E" box="[992,1106,1121,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
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is not found in secondary, regenerating forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF90FF95FF2761A0FD45FB0B" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="460F2A01FF90FF95FF2761A0FD45FB0B" blockId="81.[124,1331,727,2217]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">
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<emphasis id="74C4F613FF90FF95FF2761A0FE33FB2D" bold="true" box="[126,388,1200,1233]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Young leaves compose the vast majority of the diet of Preuss’s Red
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<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF90FF95FF2661C6FF44FB0B" box="[127,243,1238,1271]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, supplemented by flowers and buds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF90FF95FF2761EEFE5CFA91" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF90FF95FF2761EEFE5CFA91" blockId="81.[124,1331,727,2217]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF90FF95FF2761EEFEB3FAE3" bold="true" box="[126,260,1278,1311]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Female Preuss’s Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF90FF95FD6D61EEFD11FAE3" box="[564,678,1278,1311]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
display an enormous pink sexual swelling during the periovulatory period (the largest of all the red colobus), affecting both the anus and circumanal skin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF90FF95FF256064FC59FA69" box="[124,1006,1396,1429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF90FF95FF256064FC59FA69" blockId="81.[124,1331,727,2217]" box="[124,1006,1396,1429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF90FF95FF256064FED0FA69" bold="true" box="[124,359,1396,1429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Preuss’s Red Colobusis diurnal and arboreal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF90FF95FF24608CFC09F9F7" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF90FF95FF24608CFC09F9F7" blockId="81.[124,1331,727,2217]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF90FF95FF24608CFC89FA41" bold="true" box="[125,830,1436,1469]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Very little is known about these aspects in Preuss’s Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF90FF95FEFF60D3FDACFA18" box="[422,539,1475,1508]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Home range size has been estimated at ¢.100 ha. Group sizes of 20 to more than 80 individuals have been recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF90FF95FF246302FA9AF7C8" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF90FF95FF246302FA9AF7C8" blockId="81.[124,1331,727,2217]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF90FF95FF246302FE68F9CF" bold="true" box="[125,479,1554,1587]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF90FF95FEE7632EFD1CF9A7" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[446,683,1598,1627]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Procolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="preussi">Procolobus preussi</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Preuss’s Red Colobusis listed as Class B in the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Major threats are hunting and habitat degradation. Hunting is particularly intense, making up a relatively large proportion of the total primate harvest around Korup National Park, especially in the north-east. In 1996, it was estimated that 10,000-15,000 Preuss’s Red
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81B05182FF90FF95FF9963EEFE85F8E3" box="[192,306,1790,1823]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Colobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Colobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have been present in Korup, the stronghold for the taxon, but another estimate around that same time put the total population atjust 8000 individuals. In 1992, group densities in north-eastern Korup were estimated at 0-52-0-56 groups/ km? which are not too dissimilar from more recent estimates of 0-46 groups/km? in 2008 in the same area. No absolute density is available for southern Korup, but J. Linder in 2008 encountered twelve groups in 243 km that he walked. It occurs in Korup and Ebo national parks in Cameroon and Cross River National Park in Nigeria. Recent surveys suggest it has been extirpated from Ejagham Forest Reserve in Cameroon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EAA798AFF90FF95FF256D53FDB7F755" pageId="81" pageNumber="709" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="460F2A01FF90FF95FF256D53FDB7F755" blockId="81.[124,1331,727,2217]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C4F613FF90FF95FF256D53FEA1F7A0" bold="true" box="[124,278,2115,2140]" pageId="81" pageNumber="709">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Colyer (1940), Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett (2001), Groves (2001, 2007b), Grubb, Butynski et al. (2003), Grubb, Oates et al. (2000), Linder (2008), Oates (1996¢), Oates et al. (2004), Struhsaker (2010), Ting (2008), Usongo & Amubode (2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |