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<document ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2023.2171821" ID-GBIF-Dataset="be6836d8-f066-4cdf-8594-31a6fc0faeed" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7737073" ID-ZooBank="3B6B81FD-2EF4-4734-A004-84535BF12F97" checkinTime="1678694510407" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Costa-Silva, Vinícius &amp; Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2023" docId="B06FA83FFFFA737D25DDFF2B3B8DE567" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.57.1-4.175-192.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2171821" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Cryptogenius miersianus Westwood 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="4C56D047FFFD73752455FFA5383CE41F" masterDocTitle="Not everything is what it seems: the study of type specimens of Cryptogenius Westwood, 1842 species (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Anaidinae) reveals a new species and new synonyms" masterLastPageNumber="192" masterPageNumber="175" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1678883125111" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Not everything is what it seems: the study of type specimens of Cryptogenius Westwood, 1842 species (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Anaidinae) reveals a new species and new synonyms</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Costa-Silva, Vinícius</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>57</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1 - 4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>175</mods:start>
<mods:end>192</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2171821</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2023.2171821</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">be6836d8-f066-4cdf-8594-31a6fc0faeed</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7737073</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3B6B81FD-2EF4-4734-A004-84535BF12F97</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B06FA83FFFFA737D25DDFF2B3B8DE567" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B06FA83FFFFA737D25DDFF2B3B8DE567" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<subSubSection box="[392,923,142,169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="7.[392,923,142,169]" box="[392,923,142,169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<heading box="[392,923,142,169]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" reason="5">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="ZXGF" authority="Westwood, 1842" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[392,923,142,169]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miersianus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[392,709,142,169]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Cryptogenius miersianus</emphasis>
Westwood, 1842
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[556,759,207,234]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[556,759,207,234]" box="[556,759,207,234]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
(
<figureCitation box="[565,724,207,234]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,156,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[162,1154,142,1347]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Lectotype of Cryptogenius miersianus (Ò OUMNH) in (a) dorsal and (b) lateral views; (c) labels. Legs and apex of male genitalia of a non-type specimen: (d) parameres in dorsal view (black arrow shows the constriction near the apex); (e) the anterior right leg of a male specimen, in ventral view, showing the hook on the femur (black arrow), and (f) the left hind tibia showing the crenulation in the outer margin (black arrows). Scale bars: a–c, e, f = 1 mm; d = 0.5 mm. Photographs (a, b): Keita Matsumoto, BMNH." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7737077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7737077/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Figures 2a–e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[735,751,207,234]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1461,1484]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[162,1154,142,1429]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution map of known records of Cryptogenius species: C. miersianus (red circles) and C. westwoodi sp. nov. (blue circles). Red and blue stars represent records from the literature that possibly refer, according to the known geographical distribution, to C. miersianus and C. westwoodi sp. nov., respectively, found in Ide et al. (1990), Ratcliffe (2002) and Ocampo (2006). These records illustrated with stars represent specimens not personally examined by the authors." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7737083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7737083/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="182" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1155,261,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitation author="Westwood JO" box="[160,678,261,286]" page="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1842">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="ZXGF" authority="Westwood, 1842 a: 41" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1842" box="[160,678,261,286]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miersianus">
<emphasis box="[160,426,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Cryptogenius miersianus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Westwood JO" box="[435,678,261,286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="40 - 41" refId="ref9538" refString="Westwood JO. 1842 a. Maechidius, MacL, a genus of Lamellicorn beetles, with descriptions and figures of some new genera belonging to the same tribe. Proc Entomol Soc Lond. III: 40 - 41." type="journal article" year="1842">Westwood, 1842a: 41</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Westwood JO" box="[690,942,261,286]" page="457" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1842">
<bibRefCitation author="Westwood JO" box="[690,942,261,286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="457 - 458" refId="ref9579" refString="Westwood JO. 1842 b. Maechidius, MacL, a genus of Lamellicorn beetles, with descriptions and figures of some new genera belonging to the same tribe. In. Proceedings of Learned Societies. Ann Mag Nat Hist, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, VIII: 457 - 458 [same content as Westwood, 1842 a], London." type="journal article" year="1842">Westwood 1842b: 457</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[same contents as 1842a];
<treatmentCitation author="Westwood JO" box="[248,484,295,320]" page="171" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1846">
<bibRefCitation author="Westwood JO" box="[248,484,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="161 - 180" refId="ref9682" refString="Westwood JO. 1846. On the Lamellicorn Beetles which possess exerted Mandibles and Labrum, and 10 - jointed Antennae (Part III). Trans Ent Soc Lond. IV: 161 - 180." type="journal article" year="1846">Westwood 1846: 171</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(pars).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1156,365,494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitation author="Arrow GJ" box="[160,550,365,390]" page="501" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1909">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6BM3R" authority="Arrow, 1909: 501" authorityName="Arrow" authorityPageNumber="501" authorityYear="1909" box="[160,550,365,390]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fryi">
<emphasis box="[160,346,365,390]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Cryptogenius fryi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Arrow GJ" box="[355,550,365,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="479 - 507" refId="ref7718" refString="Arrow GJ. 1909. On the characters and relationship of the less-known groups of lamellicorn Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species of Hybosorinae, etc. Trans Ent Soc Lond. 4: 479 - 507. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1909. tb 02183. x." type="journal article" year="1909">Arrow, 1909: 501</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(new subjective synonymy);
<treatmentCitation author="Bruch C" box="[886,1075,365,390]" page="543" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation author="Bruch C" box="[886,1075,365,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" refId="ref7990" refString="Bruch C. 1911. Catalogo sistematico de los Coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. Pars I: addenda, Corrigenda y Resumen. Rev Mus La Plata Tomo XIX. 537 - 573. [Suplemento al Catalogo]. doi: 10. 5962 / bhl. title. 8799." type="journal volume" year="1911">Bruch 1911: 543</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Arrow GJ" page="63" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation author="Arrow GJ" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="52 - 66" refId="ref7772" refString="Arrow GJ. 1912. Trogidae. Coleopterorum Catalogue. 19 (43): 52 - 66." type="journal article" year="1912">Arrow 1912: 63</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Blackwelder RE" box="[272,530,399,424]" page="219" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwelder RE" box="[272,530,399,424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="218 - 219" refId="ref7888" refString="Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America, pt. 2. Scarabaeidae, Troginae. Bull US Natl Mus. 185: 218 - 219." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 219</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Scholtz CH" box="[542,732,399,424]" page="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation author="Scholtz CH" box="[542,732,399,424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9143" refString="Scholtz CH. 1982. Catalogue of world Trogidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Entomology Mem Dep Agric Fish Repub S Afr. 54: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1982">Scholtz 1982: 19</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Scholtz CH &amp; Hotman D &amp; Nel A" box="[745,1015,399,424]" page="193" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation author="Scholtz CH &amp; Hotman D &amp; Nel A" box="[745,1015,399,424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="193 - 199" refId="ref9262" refString="Scholtz CH, D ̍ Hotman D, Nel A. 1987. Systematic position of the South American genus Cryptogenius Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae and Hybosoridae). Coleopt Bull. 41 (2): 193 - 199." type="journal article" year="1987">Scholtz et al. 1987: 193</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Costa et al. 1988: 112;
<treatmentCitation author="Grebennikov VV &amp; Ballerio A &amp; Ocampo FC &amp; Scholtz CH" box="[286,672,434,459]" page="527" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation author="Grebennikov VV &amp; Ballerio A &amp; Ocampo FC &amp; Scholtz CH" box="[286,672,434,459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="524 - 543" refId="ref8294" refString="Grebennikov VV, Ballerio A, Ocampo FC, Scholtz CH. 2004. Larvae of Ceratocanthidae and Hybosoridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): study of morphology, phylogenetic analysis and evidence of paraphyly of Hybosoridae. Syst Entomol. 29 (4): 524 - 543. doi: 10.1111 / j. 0307 - 6970.2004. 00257. x." type="journal article" year="2004">Grebennikov et al. 2004: 527–528</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Ocampo 2006: 156;
<treatmentCitation author="Ocampo FC &amp; Ballerio A" page="182" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation author="Ocampo FC &amp; Ballerio A" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="178 - 209" refId="ref8959" refString="Ocampo FC, Ballerio A. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of the scarab family Hybosoridae and monographic revision of the of the NewWorld subfamily Anaidinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). 4. Catalog of the subfamilies Anaidinae, Ceratocanthinae, Hybosorinae, Liparochrinae, and Pachyplectrinae (Hybosoridae). Bull Univ Nebr State Mus. 19: 178 - 209." type="journal article" year="2006">Ocampo and Ballerio 2006: 182</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Ballerio A &amp; Grebennikov VV" box="[282,671,469,494]" page="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation author="Ballerio A &amp; Grebennikov VV" box="[282,671,469,494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="23 - 52" refId="ref7791" refString="Ballerio A, Grebennikov VV. 2016. Rolling into a ball: phylogeny of the Ceratocanthinae (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae) inferred from adult morphology and origin of a unique body enrollment coaptation in terrestrial arthropods. Arthropod Syst. Phylogeny. 74: 23 - 52." type="journal article" year="2016">Ballerio and Grebennikov 2016: 44</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 50.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,943,538,563]" box="[160,943,538,563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[160,943,538,563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitation author="Krikken J" box="[160,630,538,563]" page="191" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1975">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="ZBBH" authority="Krikken 1975: 191" authorityName="Krikken" authorityPageNumber="191" authorityYear="1975" box="[160,630,538,563]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cremastochilodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis box="[160,423,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Cremastochilodius tristis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Krikken J" box="[431,630,538,563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="190 - 192" refId="ref8803" refString="Krikken J. 1975. Cremastochilodius tristis a new Scarabaeoid genus and species from Brazil. Entomol Ber. 35: 190 - 192." type="journal article" year="1975">Krikken 1975: 191</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(new subjective synonymy)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1040,607,632]" box="[160,1040,607,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[160,1040,607,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<treatmentCitation author="Krikken J" box="[160,562,607,632]" page="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" year="1987">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="ZBBH" authority="Krikken 1987: 15" authorityName="Krikken" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1987" box="[160,562,607,632]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis box="[160,366,607,632]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Cryptogenius tristis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Krikken J" box="[374,562,607,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="15" refId="ref8828" refString="Krikken J. 1987. Cryptogenius Westwood and Cremastochilodius Krikken (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae). Haroldius. 2: 15." type="journal article" year="1987">Krikken 1987: 15</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; Ocampo 2006: 156 (synonym with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1909" box="[965,1027,607,632]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fryi">
<emphasis box="[965,1027,607,632]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">C. fryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="182" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1157,686,1371]" box="[160,801,686,712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,801,686,712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,490,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Type specimen examined of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[498,801,686,712]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miersianus">Cryptogenius miersianus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1157,686,1371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,470,722,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<typeStatus box="[160,257,727,744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
, HEREBY DESIGNATED (
</emphasis>
Ơ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,603,722,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<collectionCode box="[498,596,722,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">OUMNH</collectionCode>
)
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[618,749,722,747]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,156,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[162,1154,142,1347]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Lectotype of Cryptogenius miersianus (Ò OUMNH) in (a) dorsal and (b) lateral views; (c) labels. Legs and apex of male genitalia of a non-type specimen: (d) parameres in dorsal view (black arrow shows the constriction near the apex); (e) the anterior right leg of a male specimen, in ventral view, showing the hook on the femur (black arrow), and (f) the left hind tibia showing the crenulation in the outer margin (black arrows). Scale bars: a–c, e, f = 1 mm; d = 0.5 mm. Photographs (a, b): Keita Matsumoto, BMNH." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7737077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7737077/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Figure 2a–c</figureCitation>
). First label [white with red border]: ‘TYPE | WESTWOOD | Trans. Ent. Soc. | 4. P. 171 | T. 12. 2.1. | Coll. Hope Oxon̍. Second label [diamond-shaped, blue]: ‘W̍. Third label [white, unknown handwriting]: ‘
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[987,1140,791,816]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptogenius</taxonomicName>
| miersianus. | Westw. |
<collectingCountry box="[407,467,826,851]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Brazil</collectingCountry>
| D. Miers̍. Fourth label [white with black border]: ‘TYPE COL: 535 2/2 |
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[273,423,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptogenius</taxonomicName>
|
<taxonomicName authority="Westw." authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[448,660,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miersianus">miersianus Westw.</taxonomicName>
| HOPE DEPT. OXFORD̍. Fifth label [white]: ‘Scarab. Lapar. | =
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1909" box="[362,424,895,920]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fryi">C. fryi</taxonomicName>
| arrow [J. Krikken̍s handwriting] | det. J.
<bibRefCitation author="Krikken J" box="[876,1022,895,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="190 - 192" refId="ref8803" refString="Krikken J. 1975. Cremastochilodius tristis a new Scarabaeoid genus and species from Brazil. Entomol Ber. 35: 190 - 192." type="journal article" year="1975">Krikken 1975</bibRefCitation>
̍. Sixth label [red with black frame, printed]: ‘
<typeStatus box="[528,671,930,955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[678,951,930,955]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miersianus">Cryptogenius miersianus</taxonomicName>
/Westwood, 1842/ des. V. Costa-Silva, 2022̍ (
<figureCitation box="[446,548,965,990]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,156,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[162,1154,142,1347]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Lectotype of Cryptogenius miersianus (Ò OUMNH) in (a) dorsal and (b) lateral views; (c) labels. Legs and apex of male genitalia of a non-type specimen: (d) parameres in dorsal view (black arrow shows the constriction near the apex); (e) the anterior right leg of a male specimen, in ventral view, showing the hook on the femur (black arrow), and (f) the left hind tibia showing the crenulation in the outer margin (black arrows). Scale bars: a–c, e, f = 1 mm; d = 0.5 mm. Photographs (a, b): Keita Matsumoto, BMNH." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7737077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7737077/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Figure 2c</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[568,720,965,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Type locality</emphasis>
: According to the label and
<bibRefCitation author="Westwood JO" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="40 - 41" refId="ref9538" refString="Westwood JO. 1842 a. Maechidius, MacL, a genus of Lamellicorn beetles, with descriptions and figures of some new genera belonging to the same tribe. Proc Entomol Soc Lond. III: 40 - 41." type="journal article" year="1842">Westwood (1842a)</bibRefCitation>
,
<collectingCountry box="[258,318,999,1024]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[335,441,999,1024]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,156,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[162,1154,142,1347]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Lectotype of Cryptogenius miersianus (Ò OUMNH) in (a) dorsal and (b) lateral views; (c) labels. Legs and apex of male genitalia of a non-type specimen: (d) parameres in dorsal view (black arrow shows the constriction near the apex); (e) the anterior right leg of a male specimen, in ventral view, showing the hook on the femur (black arrow), and (f) the left hind tibia showing the crenulation in the outer margin (black arrows). Scale bars: a–c, e, f = 1 mm; d = 0.5 mm. Photographs (a, b): Keita Matsumoto, BMNH." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7737077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7737077/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Figure 2c</figureCitation>
); more specifically, as we shall argue, likely the city of
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
. According to an anonymous author (
<bibRefCitation author="Anonym &amp; Vol XXIX" box="[686,848,1034,1059]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" refId="ref7637" refString="Anonym. 1879. Obituary notices: john Miers. Ann Mag Nat Hist, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Vol XXIX: pp XXII." type="book" year="1879">Anonym 1879</bibRefCitation>
), the British botanist John Miers (1789–1879) lived in
<collectingRegion box="[478,644,1069,1094]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
between 1831 and 1838, collecting several specimens of the fauna and flora within the administrative limits of the city. It is likely that the now
<typeStatus box="[262,370,1138,1163]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">lectotype</typeStatus>
, originating from his collection, was among the material collected by him there.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[279,337,1173,1198]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Note</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Westwood JO" box="[347,555,1173,1198]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="40 - 41" refId="ref9538" refString="Westwood JO. 1842 a. Maechidius, MacL, a genus of Lamellicorn beetles, with descriptions and figures of some new genera belonging to the same tribe. Proc Entomol Soc Lond. III: 40 - 41." type="journal article" year="1842">Westwood (1842a)</bibRefCitation>
did not specify how many specimens he examined for the original description, nor does the description provide enough elements for an inference. Following Recommendation 73F (
<bibRefCitation author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[668,790,1242,1267]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" refId="ref8693" refString="ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth ed. adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. [cited 2021 Feb 24 th]. Available from: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / hosted-sites / iczn / code /" type="journal volume" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
) we assume that the sole type specimen known to us is a
<typeStatus box="[475,565,1277,1302]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">syntype</typeStatus>
. To fix the name-bearing type to a single specimen (
<bibRefCitation author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[166,286,1311,1336]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" refId="ref8693" refString="ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth ed. adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. [cited 2021 Feb 24 th]. Available from: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / hosted-sites / iczn / code /" type="journal volume" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
– Art. 74.3), we designate this sole known
<typeStatus box="[786,874,1311,1336]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">syntype</typeStatus>
as the
<typeStatus box="[962,1067,1311,1336]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[164,1147,156,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-3@5.[162,1154,142,1347]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Lectotype of Cryptogenius miersianus (Ò OUMNH) in (a) dorsal and (b) lateral views; (c) labels. Legs and apex of male genitalia of a non-type specimen: (d) parameres in dorsal view (black arrow shows the constriction near the apex); (e) the anterior right leg of a male specimen, in ventral view, showing the hook on the femur (black arrow), and (f) the left hind tibia showing the crenulation in the outer margin (black arrows). Scale bars: a–c, e, f = 1 mm; d = 0.5 mm. Photographs (a, b): Keita Matsumoto, BMNH." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7737077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7737077/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Figure 2a–c</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="182" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[160,1156,1425,1728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,269,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus box="[338,443,1426,1451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[489,638,1426,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miersianus">
<emphasis box="[489,638,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">C. miersianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly belongs to the same species as the
<typeStatus box="[160,260,1461,1486]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1909" box="[302,366,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fryi">
<emphasis box="[302,366,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">C. fryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, hence we propose
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1909" box="[605,669,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fryi">
<emphasis box="[605,669,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">C. fryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miersianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">C. miersianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At the same time, the species encompassing the Amazonian and possibly Panamanian and Costa Rican populations that up to now had been erroneously referred to in the literature as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[410,555,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miersianus">
<emphasis box="[410,555,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">C. miersianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation author="Westwood JO" box="[620,803,1565,1590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="161 - 180" refId="ref9682" refString="Westwood JO. 1846. On the Lamellicorn Beetles which possess exerted Mandibles and Labrum, and 10 - jointed Antennae (Part III). Trans Ent Soc Lond. IV: 161 - 180." type="journal article" year="1846">Westwood 1846</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire JT" box="[817,997,1565,1590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" refId="ref8850" refString="Lacordaire JT. 1855. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Genera des coleopteres, ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu ̍ ici dans cet ordre d ̍ insectes. Tome troisieme. Contenant les familles des Pectinicornes et Lamellicornes. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8864." type="book" year="1855">Lacordaire 1855</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Harold E" box="[1011,1150,1565,1590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="979 - 1346" refId="ref8358" refString="Harold E. 1869. Tomo IV. Scarabaeidae. In: Gemminger &amp; Harold, editor. Catalogus coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Monachii: Sumptu E. H. Gummi; p. 979 - 1346. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9089." type="book chapter" year="1869">Harold 1869</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Preudhomme de Borre FPCA" box="[160,473,1599,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="56 - 82" refId="ref9063" refString="Preudhomme de Borre FPCA. 1886. Catalogue des Trogides decrits jusque ̍ a ce jour precede d ̍ un synopsis de leurs genres et d ̍ une esquisse de leur distribution geographique. Ann Soc Ent Belg. 30: 56 - 82." type="journal article" year="1886">Preudhomme de Borre 1886</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Arrow GJ" box="[484,612,1599,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="479 - 507" refId="ref7718" refString="Arrow GJ. 1909. On the characters and relationship of the less-known groups of lamellicorn Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species of Hybosorinae, etc. Trans Ent Soc Lond. 4: 479 - 507. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1909. tb 02183. x." type="journal article" year="1909">Arrow 1909</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Arrow GJ" box="[623,678,1599,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="52 - 66" refId="ref7772" refString="Arrow GJ. 1912. Trogidae. Coleopterorum Catalogue. 19 (43): 52 - 66." type="journal article" year="1912">1912</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwelder RE" box="[689,883,1599,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="218 - 219" refId="ref7888" refString="Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America, pt. 2. Scarabaeidae, Troginae. Bull US Natl Mus. 185: 218 - 219." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Scholtz CH" box="[894,1036,1599,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref9143" refString="Scholtz CH. 1982. Catalogue of world Trogidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Entomology Mem Dep Agric Fish Repub S Afr. 54: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1982">Scholtz 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Scholtz CH &amp; Hotman D &amp; Nel A" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="193 - 199" refId="ref9262" refString="Scholtz CH, D ̍ Hotman D, Nel A. 1987. Systematic position of the South American genus Cryptogenius Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Trogidae and Hybosoridae). Coleopt Bull. 41 (2): 193 - 199." type="journal article" year="1987">Scholtz et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Scholtz CH &amp; Hotman D &amp; Evans AV &amp; Nel A" box="[264,319,1634,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="207 - 240" refId="ref9217" refString="Scholtz CH, D ̍ Hotman D, Evans AV, Nel A. 1988. Phylogeny and systematics of the Ochodaeidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). J Ent Soc Sth Afr. 51 (2): 207 - 240." type="journal article" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ratcliffe BC" box="[334,489,1634,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref9108" refString="Ratcliffe BC. 2002. A checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Panama. Zootaxa. 32 (1): 1 - 48. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 32.1.1." type="journal article" year="2002">Ratcliffe 2002</bibRefCitation>
; Ocampo 2006;
<bibRefCitation author="Ocampo FC &amp; Ballerio A" box="[678,986,1634,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="178 - 209" refId="ref8959" refString="Ocampo FC, Ballerio A. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of the scarab family Hybosoridae and monographic revision of the of the NewWorld subfamily Anaidinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). 4. Catalog of the subfamilies Anaidinae, Ceratocanthinae, Hybosorinae, Liparochrinae, and Pachyplectrinae (Hybosoridae). Bull Univ Nebr State Mus. 19: 178 - 209." type="journal article" year="2006">Ocampo and Ballerio 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Hielkema AJ &amp; Hielkema MA" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 306" refId="ref8409" refString="Hielkema AJ, Hielkema MA. 2019. An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas. Insecta Mundi. 0732: 1 - 306." type="book chapter" year="2019">Hielkema and Hielkema 2019</bibRefCitation>
), having no name available to denote it, will be described below as the new species
<taxonomicName authorityName="Costa-Silva &amp; Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2023" box="[304,569,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodi">
<emphasis box="[304,569,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="182">Cryptogenius westwoodi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="183" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="8.[160,1155,142,376]" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,366,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">Type specimen of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Arrow, 1909" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1909" box="[374,737,142,168]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fryi">
Cryptogenius fryi
<bibRefCitation author="Arrow GJ" box="[593,737,142,168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="183" pagination="479 - 507" refId="ref7718" refString="Arrow GJ. 1909. On the characters and relationship of the less-known groups of lamellicorn Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species of Hybosorinae, etc. Trans Ent Soc Lond. 4: 479 - 507. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1909. tb 02183. x." type="journal article" year="1909">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[593,737,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">Arrow, 1909</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[745,1064,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">(new subjective synonymy)</emphasis>
<typeStatus box="[160,251,183,200]" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
, BY ORIGINAL MONOTYPY (
</emphasis>
Ơ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[522,949,178,203]" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">BMNH), not examined. Type locality</emphasis>
: Petrópolis,
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry box="[258,323,212,237]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), collected in
<date box="[488,646,212,237]" pageId="8" pageNumber="183" value="1851-10">October 1851</date>
by the English entomologist Alexander Fry (
<bibRefCitation author="Arrow GJ" box="[166,297,247,272]" pageId="8" pageNumber="183" pagination="479 - 507" refId="ref7718" refString="Arrow GJ. 1909. On the characters and relationship of the less-known groups of lamellicorn Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species of Hybosorinae, etc. Trans Ent Soc Lond. 4: 479 - 507. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1909. tb 02183. x." type="journal article" year="1909">Arrow 1909</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[317,381,247,272]" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">Note:</emphasis>
Even with the
<typeStatus box="[542,642,247,272]" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">holotype</typeStatus>
not examined by us, the type locality and the detailed description provided by
<bibRefCitation author="Arrow GJ" box="[536,683,282,307]" pageId="8" pageNumber="183" pagination="479 - 507" refId="ref7718" refString="Arrow GJ. 1909. On the characters and relationship of the less-known groups of lamellicorn Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species of Hybosorinae, etc. Trans Ent Soc Lond. 4: 479 - 507. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1909. tb 02183. x." type="journal article" year="1909">Arrow (1909)</bibRefCitation>
, particularly the mentioned presence of a remarkable hooked tooth on the profemur, is enough to assign the same to the Atlantic Forest species and, therefore, to synonymise
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1909" box="[668,730,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fryi">
<emphasis box="[668,730,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">C. fryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[794,938,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Cryptogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miersianus">
<emphasis box="[794,938,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="183">C. miersianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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