303 lines
30 KiB
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303 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.32268" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93bc2dc6-a9c6-40c0-a0fe-616926cc8ff1" ID-PMC="PMC6746741" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-874-101" ID-Pensoft-UUID="72EC183E76CE56299C73C0B871E8EACE" ID-PubMed="31565020" ID-ZooBank="FFE15112CCBA47EB8F5C0723F96E41EE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-874-101" checkinTime="1568112313650" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Parker-Nance, Shirley, Hilliar, Storm, Waterworth, Samantha, Walmsley, Tara & Dorrington, Rosemary" docDate="2019" docId="10454B53BBF65BC98B4F6E5FD3C17E07" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 874: 101-126" docOrigin="ZooKeys 874" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.32268" docTitle="Tsitsikamma pedunculata Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="72EC183E76CE56299C73C0B871E8EACE" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="72EC183E76CE56299C73C0B871E8EACE" masterDocTitle="New species in the sponge genus Tsitsikamma (Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1668167773384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species in the sponge genus Tsitsikamma (Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae) from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Parker-Nance, Shirley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hilliar, Storm</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Waterworth, Samantha</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Walmsley, Tara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dorrington, Rosemary</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>874</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>101</mods:start>
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<mods:end>126</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.32268</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.32268</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-874-101</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FFE15112CCBA47EB8F5C0723F96E41EE</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159413165" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:10454B53BBF65BC98B4F6E5FD3C17E07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/10454B53BBF65BC98B4F6E5FD3C17E07" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName LSID="10454B53BBF65BC98B4F6E5FD3C17E07" authority="Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003" authorityName="Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman" authorityYear="2003" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">Tsitsikamma pedunculata Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">
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Figure 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–l">a-l</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="107" start="start">Tsitsikamma</pageBreakToken>
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pedunculata
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</taxonomicName>
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Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly and Davies-Coleman, 2003: 19.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Holotype.</emphasis>
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- NHMUK 2003.1.10.2 (CASIZ 300661): Thunderbolt Reef off Cape Recife, St. Francis Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34.05233" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.05233">-34.05233</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="25.68933" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.68933">25.68933</geoCoordinate>
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, 40 m depth, 25 February 1999, collected by P.L. Colin, CRRF (after
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
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SAIAB 207194: St. Francis Bay, 5 November 2002, specific collection site unknown; SAIAB 207195, SAIAB 207196: Evans Peak, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33.84418" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84418">-33.84418</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="25.81522" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.81522">25.81522</geoCoordinate>
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, 34-38 m depth, 30 October 2015, collected by Ryan Palmer and Shirley-Parker-Nance, ROV from the coastal Research Vessel uKwabelana; SAIAB 207197, SAIAB 207198, SAIAB 207199, SAIAB 207200: Evans Peak, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="33.84548" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84548">-33.84548</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="25.81663" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.81663">25.81663</geoCoordinate>
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, 30-34 m depth, 12 November 2015, collected by Ryan Palmer and Shirley-Parker-Nance, ROV from the coastal Research Vessel uKwabelana
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="108" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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(emended from
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Characteristic dirty pink, pink-brown pedunculate species with well-defined, ball-shaped head, up to 7 cm in diameter, on a narrow stalk, 1-3 cm wide and up to 7 cm long (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2a, b</figureCitation>
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). Living sponges appear dirty pink although this is often obscured by epibionts, especially the yellow encrusting
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale (Mycale)" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mycale">Mycale (Mycale)</taxonomicName>
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sponge also found growing on other members of this genus (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">
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Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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). Freshly collected material is a dusty pink to pink-brown to dark purple while preserved material has an olive green, cream to tan colour (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
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). Small well-spaced cone-shaped oscula 1.5-2 mm high and 1.5-3 mm in diameter are present over the upper part of the head gradually replaced by small to bigger elevated circular fungiform areolate porefields, 1-4.5 mm high and 2-7.5 mm in diameter, toward the base where the stalk is attached (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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). In preserved specimens the oscula retain their shape but the upper border of the porefields contracts inwards giving it a button like appearance. A tough, resistant leathery ectosome surrounds a much softer choanosome. The sponge is resilient, but compressible. Salmon pink to pinkish brown between the oscula and dark pink between the areolate porefields.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Table 2.</emphasis>
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Skeletal and spicule dimensions (µm) for
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Tsitsikamma pedunculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<table pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">-</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">Examined material</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">Ectosome</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">1300</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">818 (200-1800) (n = 11)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="3">Styles</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(i) 684 (591-728) x 16</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(i) 636 (541-788) x 15 (12-17)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(ii) 536 (500-555) x 11</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(ii) 673 (562-798) x 11 (4-15)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(n = 20)</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(n = 160)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="6">Isochiadiscorhabds</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">29 (27-30) x 7</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">29 (26-34) x 7 (5-9)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(n = 20)</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">Additional measurements</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="4">-</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">shaft length 19 (16-24)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">apex whorl diameter 19 (12-24)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">manubrium diameter 23 (19-27)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(n = 80)</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Skeleton..</emphasis>
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Microscleres are abundant throughout the choanosome and form an irregular palisade of oblique or erect microscleres over the dense feltwork of tangential and paratangential styles together forming the ectosome (Table
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<tableCitation captionStartId="T2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA">2</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
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) The resistant ectosome encapsulate soft choanosome with delicate tracts (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stalk consists of densely arranged spicules and has longitudinal cavities filled with soft choanosome tissue distributed regularly along the axis of the reinforced stalk (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2c, f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Tsitsikamma pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">a, b</emphasis>
|
||
in situ
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">c</emphasis>
|
||
collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Mycale</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Mycale</taxonomicName>
|
||
) sp. SAIAB 207196
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">d</emphasis>
|
||
section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">e</emphasis>
|
||
outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">f</emphasis>
|
||
section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">g, h</emphasis>
|
||
various sinuous styles
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">i, j</emphasis>
|
||
collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">k, l</emphasis>
|
||
light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">b)</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 cm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">d)</emphasis>
|
||
; 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">g, h)</emphasis>
|
||
; 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–l">i-l</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
. Megascleres
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
consist of two size classes of styles; (i) slightly sinuous, robust centrally thickened, acerate, conical, hastate or somewhat blunt even mucronate styles, and (ii) thin conspicuously sinuous and sometimes conspicuously centrally thickened styles (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStartId="T2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA">2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2g, h</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Microscleres.</emphasis>
|
||
Isochiadiscorhabds with only two whorls of cylindrical, conical tubercles acanthose on apex, arranged on the ends of a short shaft (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The large manubrium is easily distinguishable from the conspicuously smaller apex with terminally acanthose tubercles arranged in a pincushion-like way to form the apex whorl of the microsclere (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStartId="T2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA">2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">
|
||
Fig. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–l">i-l</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Algoa Bay and St. Francis Bay</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="substrate, depth range and ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Substrate, depth range and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Abundant on deep reef systems between 34-40 m. All specimens collected were attached to rock on the sides of medium profile reef
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="109" start="start">adjacent</pageBreakToken>
|
||
to sandy gullies. A thin delicate light yellow
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale (Mycale)" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mycale">Mycale (Mycale)</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is commonly found growing on the globular head surface around the oscula and porefields.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="109" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="109">The shape of the sponge, the long peduncle, round head, colour and the shape of the microscleres set this species well apart from any other species in this genus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
No intraspecific genetic diversity was found for the 28S rRNA gene sequence of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pedunculata" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">T. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in this study. An interspecific genetic diversity of 0.32-0.65 % for the 28S rRNA gene sequence was found between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pedunculata" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">T. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. favus" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Suppl. material 1: Table S1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |