545 lines
67 KiB
XML
545 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="B64E52C68757EDC7448EF6FBAECBB703" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a24591c0-c791-4e88-924b-104fddbe76b9" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157563" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461011037845" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-Fernández, Hernán & Taphorn, Donald C." docDate="2004" docId="039EFA2CFFF1FFFDFEB7EB7DFB3986A8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00439.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 439" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geophagus dicrozoster López-Fernández & Taphorn, 2004, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFA78254FFFBFFEDFFBFE831FFC58436" masterDocTitle="Geophagus abalios, G. dicrozoster and G. winemilleri (Perciformes: Cichlidae), three new species from Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698567285836" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="9E1AEB20CACC455A77CEB1335338DDF6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FFC463BC6AC9B0E3C3905A6DD2CB7114">
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<mods:title id="4B2615C1A1F8B4A0C9C959A5373055E4">Geophagus abalios, G. dicrozoster and G. winemilleri (Perciformes: Cichlidae), three new species from Venezuela</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="816237AFE2599EB59C26875242E0958F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="27605FEC8943ADA04889EC0BD9073DE1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B5EAD8B487ED25C05DFB957D07298F05">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1EEE14D4D917B926926725371AC59A2F">López-Fernández, Hernán</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8AEB5ED739ED192DB09BEB045E97EDE1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="24A2AE73A14A45759D6512E5345C2C89">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A47D6A765DDA304D91D1ACD941297297">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5054BF7598DC9CA99FCE1B064BB04153">Taphorn, Donald C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4F781DFA3876AE2035C8C1013D0F3C12">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CBFE0166EE1A8E800B9A3713E79CBE7D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B3242E8BD13A319F3AE30EAC7ACF0DE1">
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<mods:date id="B14240B5928CE7724968156336E7FC44">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="83626D9180E2FFB630D478A9895B7E12" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6F7FA83194FBA54FD31FB97C17C42002">439</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="A74431AC025B267D73D9AD75643D8EE6">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D394EBB8C057A4F9951C32929B12575A">27</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="DF46B3C9D9FB4574E1F19F3FC7902AF4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="93DB30A3F7632F30541BB3ED435B1D74" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.157563</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2A5C181C5AD4EBBF7E12BBE680896A8A" type="GBIF-Dataset">a24591c0-c791-4e88-924b-104fddbe76b9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8E47C60DC9BEC61E489C11B3B924F0A6" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9984A0307FE7A87E2970A3FCB02FA7B5" type="Zenodo-Dep">157563</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1D3BBD903BD97532BB6F79A248DD2551" type="ZooBank">0288D909-8064-4FFC-92EC-6FFB5FED25CD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039EFA2CFFF1FFFDFEB7EB7DFB3986A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5685157" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119600281" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5685157" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EFA2CFFF1FFFDFEB7EB7DFB3986A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EFA2CFFF1FFFDFEB7EB7DFB3986A8" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFF1FFE7FEB7EB7DFE7F87BF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF1FFE7FEB7EB7DFDA38750" blockId="10.[264,614,844,905]" box="[264,614,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0C0FC56FFF1FFE7FEB7EB7DFDA38750" bold="true" box="[264,614,844,870]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF1FFE7FEB7EB7DFDA38750" bold="true" box="[264,614,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF1FFE7FEB7EB7DFDD98750" ID-CoL="6KC3B" box="[264,540,844,870]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF1FFE7FEB7EB7DFDD98750" bold="true" box="[264,540,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Geophagus dicrozoster</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2702A53FFF1FFE7FD9BEB7DFDA38750" box="[548,614,844,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF1FFE7FEB0EB5EFE7F87BF" blockId="10.[264,614,844,905]" box="[271,442,879,905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFF1FFE7FEA7EB5EFEAF87BF" box="[280,362,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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a, 6–9)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFF1FFE6FEB7EB8FFD4885B0" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF1FFE7FEB7EB8FFBA28037" blockId="10.[264,1323,958,1025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B9439728FFF1FFE7FEB7EB8FFEBF87EE" bold="true" box="[264,378,958,984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<typeStatus id="548CF598FFF1FFE7FEB7EB8FFEBF87EE" box="[264,378,958,984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFF1FFE7FE36EB8EFE2487EF" box="[393,481,959,985]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MCNG</collectionCode>
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40996, 193.0 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFF1FFE7FD49EB8EFCB687EF" box="[758,883,959,985]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Apure: Río Cinaruco: Laguna Larga (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFF1FFE7FEAFEBD6FE468037" box="[272,387,999,1025]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="6.5339">6.5339 N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFF1FFE7FE34EBD6FDD08037" box="[395,533,999,1025]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="-67.415">67.4150 W</geoCoordinate>
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); D.A. Arrington and J. Arrington,
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<date id="FF896DFAFFF1FFE7FC04EBD6FBA68037" box="[955,1123,999,1025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1999-04-13">13 April 1999</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF481BB2FFF1FFE7FEB7EDDAFC878213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157569/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[269,1317,1067,1504]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF1FFE7FEB7EDDAFC878213" blockId="10.[264,1323,1515,1573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B9439728FFF1FFE7FEB7EDDAFE4F8235" bold="true" box="[264,394,1515,1539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF1FFE7FE26EDDDFD4B8235" box="[409,654,1516,1539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster">
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<emphasis id="B9439728FFF1FFE7FE26EDDDFD4B8235" box="[409,654,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Geophagus dicrozoster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Holotype, MCNG 40996, 193.0 mm SL; Venezuela: Apure: Río Cinaruco: Laguna Larga (6.5339 N 67.4150 W).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF1FFE6FE87EE69FD4885B0" blockId="10.[264,1325,1624,1891]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1323,284,790]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B9439728FFF1FFE7FE87EE69FE708244" bold="true" box="[312,437,1624,1650]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<typeStatus id="548CF598FFF1FFE7FE87EE69FE708244" box="[312,437,1624,1650]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFF1FFE7FE77EE68FDE58245" box="[456,544,1625,1651]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MCNG</collectionCode>
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30020, 7, 44.8–138.0 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFF1FFE7FC18EE68FBE18245" box="[935,1060,1625,1651]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Bolívar: Río Caroní: Campamento Guri; J.D.Williams and K.M. Ryan,
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<date id="FF896DFAFFF1FFE7FCDDEEB0FBCB82AD" box="[866,1038,1665,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1994-04-14">14 April 1994</date>
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. —
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFF1FFE7FB86EEB0FB5782AD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[1081,1170,1665,1691]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">AMNH</collectionCode>
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233636 (ex
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFF1FFE7FEB7EE98FEA582F5" box="[264,352,1705,1731]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MCNG</collectionCode>
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40853), 1, 154.0 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFF1FFE7FD26EE98FCD382F5" box="[665,790,1705,1731]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Apure: Río Cinaruco: Laguna Oheros; D.A. Arrington and J. Arrington,
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<date id="FF896DFAFFF1FFE7FDDEEEE0FCD482DD" box="[609,785,1745,1771]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1999-04-12">12 April 1999</date>
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. —
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFF1FFE7FC80EEE0FC5282DD" box="[831,919,1745,1771]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MCNG</collectionCode>
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40311, 22, 12.2–84.6 mm SL (2 measured);
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFF1FFE7FE29EEC8FDD68325" box="[406,531,1785,1811]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Apure: Rio Cinaruco: Laguna Guayaba (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFF1FFE7FBABEEC8FB4D8325" box="[1044,1160,1785,1811]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="6.5897">6.5897°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFF1FFE7FB2CEEC8FAE58325" box="[1171,1312,1785,1811]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="-67.24">67.2400°W</geoCoordinate>
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); D.A. Arrington and J. Arrington,
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<date id="FF896DFAFFF1FFE7FD25EF10FC91830D" box="[666,852,1825,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1999-03-16">16 March 1999</date>
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. —
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFF1FFE7FCC0EF10FC1D830D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[895,984,1825,1851]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">AMNH</collectionCode>
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233635 (exMCNG 47603), 5, 109.6–178.0 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFF1FFE7FDF8EF78FD018355" box="[583,708,1865,1891]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Apure: Río Cinaruco: Laguna Larga (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFF1FFE7FB08EF78FAEF8355" box="[1207,1322,1865,1891]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="6.5339">6.5339 N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFF0FFE6FEB7E92DFE568500" box="[264,403,284,310]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-67.415">67.4150 W</geoCoordinate>
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); K. Winemiller, H. LópezFernández, A. Arrington, L. KelsoWinemiller, H. LópezChirico and J. Arrington,
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<date id="FF896DFAFFF0FFE6FD33E975FCE88568" box="[652,813,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-01-01" valueMax="1999-01-03" valueMin="1999-01-01">1–3 Jan 1999</date>
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. —
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFF0FFE6FCE8E975FC6A8568" box="[855,943,324,350]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MCNG</collectionCode>
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47604, 4, 177.0–202.0 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFF0FFE6FEB7E95DFE4085B0" box="[264,389,364,390]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Apure: Río Cinaruco.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFF0FFE6FE87E9A2FC3386A8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF0FFE6FE87E9A2FC3386A8" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FE87E9A2FE75859B" bold="true" box="[312,432,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. A preopercular mark distinguishes
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<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FCD3E9A5FBBB859B" box="[876,1150,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FCD3E9A5FBBB859B" box="[876,1150,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geophagus dicrozoster</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2702A53FFF0FFE6FB39E9A5FB038598" box="[1158,1222,404,430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FAADE9A5FE7B85E3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grammepareius">
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||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FAADE9A5FE7B85E3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. grammepareius</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FE70E98DFD5585E3" box="[463,656,444,469]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taeniopareius">
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||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FE70E98DFD5585E3" box="[463,656,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. taeniopareius</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FD1FE98DFC9F85E3" box="[672,858,444,469]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyrostictus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FD1FE98DFC9F85E3" box="[672,858,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. argyrostictus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FC2AE98DFBCF85E3" box="[917,1034,444,469]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harreri">
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||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FC2AE98DFBCF85E3" box="[917,1034,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. harreri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which have a complete infraorbital stripe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFF0FFE6FE59E9D5FDEE85C8" box="[486,555,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[300,1296,762,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[275,1332,756,1444]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagrammatic representation of scale nomenclature, head markings and lateral bar patterns of Geophagus as used in this paper. Abbreviations are as follows: E 1, first epaxial longitudinal series of scales, used to count number of longitudinal scales; E 6, last epaxial longitudinal series of scales; H 1 – H 5, hypaxial longitudinal series of scales; IOS, infraorbital stripe; MLS, midlateral spot; POM, preopercular mark; ULL, upper lateral line; LLL, lower lateral line; 1 – 7, lateral bars. Scale nomenclature after Kullander (1992, 1996). Infraorbital, preopercular and midlateral black markings are observable both in live and preserved specimens; lateral bar patterns are gener" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157564/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FD05E9D5FCF485CB" box="[698,817,484,509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abalios" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FD05E9D5FCF485CB" box="[698,817,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. abalios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2702A53FFF0FFE6FC85E9D5FCBE85C8" box="[826,891,484,510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FC36E9D5FBF385CB" box="[905,1078,484,509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brokopondo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FC36E9D5FBF385CB" box="[905,1078,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. brokopondo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FBF9E9D5FAC785CB" box="[1094,1282,484,509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FBF9E9D5FAC785CB" box="[1094,1282,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. surinamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FAADE9D5FE468613" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megasema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FAADE9D5FE468613" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. megasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FE2BEA3DFD808613" box="[404,581,524,549]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camopiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FE2BEA3DFD808613" box="[404,581,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. camopiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FD37EA3DFCCE8613" box="[648,779,524,549]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FD37EA3DFCCE8613" box="[648,779,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. altifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which lack head markings. Preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FED1EA05FDD4867B" box="[366,529,564,589]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FED1EA05FDD4867B" box="[366,529,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. dicrozoster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species with preopercular mark by the possession of seven vertical, parallel lateral bars, as opposite to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FBA0EA6DFB008643" box="[1055,1221,604,629]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FBA0EA6DFB008643" box="[1055,1221,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2702A53FFF0FFE6FB73EA6DFACE8640" box="[1228,1291,604,630]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(4 bars) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FEC3EAB5FD9E86AB" box="[380,603,644,669]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachybranchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FEC3EAB5FD9E86AB" box="[380,603,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. brachybranchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FD2CEAB5FCDA86AB" box="[659,799,644,669]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proximus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FD2CEAB5FCDA86AB" box="[659,799,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. proximus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(no bars) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFF0FFE6FC1FEAB5FC2D86A8" box="[928,1000,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFF0FFE2FE87EA9DFD3787E8" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF0FFE6FE87EA9DFCA38720" blockId="11.[264,1323,284,790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FE87EA9DFE0C86F0" bold="true" box="[312,457,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="548CF598FFF0FFE6FDEEEA9DFD7286F0" box="[593,695,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(193.0 mm SL) and the 19
|
||
<typeStatus id="548CF598FFF0FFE6FC44EA9DFBAE86F0" box="[1019,1131,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
63.4–202.0 mm SL with notes on variation among smaller specimens. Measurements and counts are summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B57E81FFF0FFE6FE34EACDFE268720" box="[395,483,764,790]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[264,352,843,867]" captionTargetBox="[267,1318,937,1587]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Geophagus winemilleri, G. abalios, and G. dicrozoster. Numbers in bold highlight morphometric differences among the species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF481BB2FFF0FFE6FEB7EB7AFC4C87B3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF481BB2FFF0FFE6FEB7EB7AFC4C87B3">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Sexes appear to be isomorphic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF481BB2FFF0FFE6FEB7EB7AFC4C87B3" ID-Table-UUID="DF481BB2FFF0FFE6FEB7EB7AFC4C87B3" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF481BB2FFF0FFE6FEB7EB7AFC4C87B3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[267,1318,937,1587]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF0FFE6FEB7EB7AFC4C87B3" blockId="11.[264,1323,843,901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FEB7EB7AFEBE8755" bold="true" box="[264,379,843,867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FDEBEB7DFC888755" box="[596,845,844,867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FDEBEB7DFC888755" box="[596,845,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geophagus winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FCE3EB7DFC0C8755" box="[860,969,844,867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abalios">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FCE3EB7DFC0C8755" box="[860,969,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. abalios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FBBBEB7DFB528755" box="[1028,1175,844,867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FBBBEB7DFB528755" box="[1028,1175,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. dicrozoster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Numbers in bold highlight morphometric differences among the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF0FFE6FDB4EB98FAD98205" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<table id="F937B99AFFF00012FEB4EB98FAE38205" box="[267,1318,937,1587]" gridcols="5" gridrows="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EB98FAE3878D" box="[267,1318,937,955]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FE48EB98FD27878D" box="[503,738,937,955]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FDB4EB98FD74878D" box="[523,689,937,955]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abalios">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FDB4EB98FD74878D" box="[523,689,937,955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geophagus abalios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2EB98FBD0878D" box="[797,1045,937,955]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FC99EB98FC29878D" box="[806,1004,937,955]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FC99EB98FC29878D" box="[806,1004,937,955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geophagus dicrozoster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FB97EB98FAE3878D" box="[1064,1318,937,955]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF0FFE6FBFCEB98FACF878D" box="[1091,1290,937,955]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FBFCEB98FACF878D" box="[1091,1290,937,955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geophagus winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EBE5FAE387D1" box="[267,1318,980,999]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4EBE5FE2F87D1" box="[267,490,980,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48EBE5FD2787D1" box="[503,738,980,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mean Min Max Stdev</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46EBE5FCCA87D1" box="[761,783,980,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2EBE5FBD087D1" box="[797,1045,980,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mean Min Max Stdev</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97EBE5FAE387D1" box="[1064,1318,980,999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n Mean Min Max Stdev</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EBCEFAE38024" box="[267,1318,1023,1042]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4EBCEFE2F8024" box="[267,490,1023,1042]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SL 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48EBCEFD278024" box="[503,738,1023,1042]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">107.9 45.5 192.0 42.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46EBCEFCCA8024" box="[761,783,1023,1042]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2EBCEFBD08024" box="[797,1045,1023,1042]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">129.7 44.8 202.0 51.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97EBCEFAE38024" box="[1064,1318,1023,1042]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15 86.6 37.0 195.0 54.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EC10FAE38002" box="[267,1318,1057,1076]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4EC10FE2F8002" box="[267,490,1057,1076]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FEB4EC10FEB58002" bold="true" box="[267,368,1057,1076]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Percent SL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EC72FAE38060" box="[267,1318,1091,1110]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4EC72FE2F8060" box="[267,490,1091,1110]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head length 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48EC72FD278060" box="[503,738,1091,1110]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">31.3 31.0 34.0 0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46EC72FCCA8060" box="[761,783,1091,1110]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2EC72FBD08060" box="[797,1045,1091,1110]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">31.1 29.5 32.5 0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97EC72FAE38060" box="[1064,1318,1091,1110]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15 31.9 30.3 33.8 1.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EC54FAE3804F" box="[267,1318,1125,1145]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4EC54FE2F804F" box="[267,490,1125,1145]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Body depth 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48EC54FD27804F" box="[503,738,1125,1145]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FE42EC54FDE7804E" bold="true" box="[509,546,1125,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">40.7</emphasis>
|
||
36.0 46.2 2.9
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46EC54FCCA804F" box="[761,783,1125,1145]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2EC54FBD0804F" box="[797,1045,1125,1145]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">38.8 32.6 42.4 2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97EC54FAE3804F" box="[1064,1318,1125,1145]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15 38.9 34.3 44.6 3.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4ECB9FAE380AD" box="[267,1318,1160,1179]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4ECB9FE2F80AD" box="[267,490,1160,1179]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Caudal peduncle depth 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48ECB9FD2780AD" box="[503,738,1160,1179]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FE42ECB9FDE780AD" bold="true" box="[509,546,1160,1179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">12.8</emphasis>
|
||
11.9 13.7 0.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46ECB9FCCA80AD" box="[761,783,1160,1179]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2ECB9FBD080AD" box="[797,1045,1160,1179]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">12.0 10.6 13.0 0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97ECB9FAE380AD" box="[1064,1318,1160,1179]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15 12.0 11.1 13.1 0.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EC9BFAE380EB" box="[267,1318,1194,1245]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4EC9BFE2F80EB" box="[267,490,1194,1245]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Caudal peduncle 17 length</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48EC9BFD2780EB" box="[503,738,1194,1245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">19.2 16.7 21.8 1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46EC9BFCCA80EB" box="[761,783,1194,1245]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2EC9BFBD080EB" box="[797,1045,1194,1245]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FC9CEC9BFC8D808B" bold="true" box="[803,840,1194,1213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20.9</emphasis>
|
||
16.7 24.4 1.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97EC9BFAE380EB" box="[1064,1318,1194,1245]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15 19.3 17.5 21.2 0.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4ECDDFAE380C9" box="[267,1318,1260,1279]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4ECDDFE2F80C9" box="[267,490,1260,1279]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pectoral fin length 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48ECDDFD2780C9" box="[503,738,1260,1279]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FE42ECDDFDE780C9" bold="true" box="[509,546,1260,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">35.2</emphasis>
|
||
31.9 40.5 2.9
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46ECDDFCCA80C9" box="[761,783,1260,1279]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2ECDDFBD080C9" box="[797,1045,1260,1279]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">33.9 28.6 39.0 2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97ECDDFAE380C9" box="[1064,1318,1260,1279]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15 33.6 27.5 39.8 4.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4ED3FFAE38117" box="[267,1318,1294,1313]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4ED3FFE2F8117" box="[267,490,1294,1313]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pelvic fin length 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48ED3FFD278117" box="[503,738,1294,1313]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">45.3 27.2 79.4 13.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46ED3FFCCA8117" box="[761,783,1294,1313]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2ED3FFBD08117" box="[797,1045,1294,1313]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">42.8 24.1 64.9 13.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97ED3FFAE38117" box="[1064,1318,1294,1313]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15 39.6 27.3 69.4 15.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4ED01FAE38172" box="[267,1318,1328,1348]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4ED01FE2F8172" box="[267,490,1328,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Last D spine length 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48ED01FD278172" box="[503,738,1328,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">17.4 14.1 19.6 1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46ED01FCCA8172" box="[761,783,1328,1348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">19</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2ED01FBD08172" box="[797,1045,1328,1348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">17.0 11.6 20.2 2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97ED01FAE38172" box="[1064,1318,1328,1348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FBF3ED01FBB48175" bold="true" box="[1100,1137,1328,1347]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15.8</emphasis>
|
||
12.2 20.2 2.5
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4ED62FAE38150" box="[267,1318,1363,1382]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4ED62FE2F8150" box="[267,490,1363,1382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FEB4ED62FEB18150" bold="true" box="[267,372,1363,1382]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Percent HL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4ED44FAE381BE" box="[267,1318,1397,1416]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4ED44FE2F81BE" box="[267,490,1397,1416]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Snout length 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48ED44FD2781BE" box="[503,738,1397,1416]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">46.5 38.2 59.7 5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46ED44FCCA81BE" box="[761,783,1397,1416]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2ED44FBD081BE" box="[797,1045,1397,1416]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">46.7 36.4 54.9 4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97ED44FAE381BE" box="[1064,1318,1397,1416]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FBF3ED44FBB481BE" bold="true" box="[1100,1137,1397,1416]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">43.4</emphasis>
|
||
34.1 54.8 5.8
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EDA6FAE3819C" box="[267,1318,1431,1450]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4EDA6FE2F819C" box="[267,490,1431,1450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orbital diameter 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48EDA6FD27819C" box="[503,738,1431,1450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">31.1 26.8 41.6 3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46EDA6FCCA819C" box="[761,783,1431,1450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2EDA6FBD0819C" box="[797,1045,1431,1450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">31.3 25.8 38.6 3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97EDA6FAE3819C" box="[1064,1318,1431,1450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FBF3EDA6FBB4819C" bold="true" box="[1100,1137,1431,1450]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">33.8</emphasis>
|
||
28.3 39.6 3.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4ED88FAE381FB" box="[267,1318,1465,1485]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4ED88FE2F81FB" box="[267,490,1465,1485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head depth 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48ED88FD2781FB" box="[503,738,1465,1485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">100.0 91.9 113.0 6.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46ED88FCCA81FB" box="[761,783,1465,1485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2ED88FBD081FB" box="[797,1045,1465,1485]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">100.7 84.3 112.3 8.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97ED88FAE381FB" box="[1064,1318,1465,1485]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FBF3ED88FBB481FA" bold="true" box="[1100,1137,1465,1484]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">98.6</emphasis>
|
||
80.8 120.3 12.6
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EDEDFAE381D9" box="[267,1318,1500,1519]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4EDEDFE2F81D9" box="[267,490,1500,1519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Head width 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48EDEDFD2781D9" box="[503,738,1500,1519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">41.6 39.5 45.7 1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46EDEDFCCA81D9" box="[761,783,1500,1519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2EDEDFBD081D9" box="[797,1045,1500,1519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">42.2 40.1 44.4 1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97EDEDFAE381D9" box="[1064,1318,1500,1519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15 43.0 40.5 46.2 1.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EDCFFAE38227" box="[267,1318,1534,1553]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4EDCFFE2F8227" box="[267,490,1534,1553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Interorbital width 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48EDCFFD278227" box="[503,738,1534,1553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">25.3 20.8 28.3 2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46EDCFFCCA8227" box="[761,783,1534,1553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2EDCFFBD08227" box="[797,1045,1534,1553]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">25.7 19.3 29.9 3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97EDCFFAE38227" box="[1064,1318,1534,1553]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FBF3EDCFFBB48227" bold="true" box="[1100,1137,1534,1553]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">23.1</emphasis>
|
||
17.7 33.0 4.3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35074978FFF00012FEB4EE11FAE38205" box="[267,1318,1568,1587]" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76D62004FFF00012FEB4EE11FE2F8205" box="[267,490,1568,1587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Preorbital depth 17</th>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FE48EE11FD278205" box="[503,738,1568,1587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FE42EE11FDE78205" bold="true" box="[509,546,1568,1587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">35.6</emphasis>
|
||
25.0 43.8 5.9
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FD46EE11FCCA8205" box="[761,783,1568,1587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">20</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FCA2EE11FBD08205" box="[797,1045,1568,1587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
35.3
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FCD9EE11FC498205" bold="true" box="[870,908,1568,1587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">22.9</emphasis>
|
||
43.0 6.2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D62004FFF00012FB97EE11FAE38205" box="[1064,1318,1568,1587]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF0FFE6FBF3EE11FBB48205" bold="true" box="[1100,1137,1568,1587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">29.0</emphasis>
|
||
19.2 42.1 7.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF0FFE1FE87EEA0FD818640" blockId="11.[264,1324,1681,1867]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1325,284,1884]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Shape. Moderately elongate; dorsal outline more convex than ventral outline; head broader ventrally than dorsally; specimens 63.4 mm SL and smaller more elongate; interorbital area moderately concave. Dorsal head profile moderately convex, ascending to dorsalfin origin, except in front of orbit where slightly concave, in specimens smaller than 65.0 mm SL, straight from orbit to dorsalfin origin; dorsalfin base descending, arched to last ray, then forming a horizontal, moderately concave line to caudalfin insertion. Ventral head profile straight, slightly descending to chest; slightly convex to pelvicfin insertion; straight, horizontal from pelvicfin insertion to origin of anal fin; analfin base slightly convex, ascending; ventral caudal peduncle moderately concave, slightly ascending or horizontal in specimens 64.0 mm SL and smaller. Lips moderately wide, lower with slightly caudally expanded fold (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA636CBFFF7FFE1FD08E9D5FC7C85C8" author="Kullander" box="[695,953,484,510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Kullander, S. O., Royero, R. & Taphorn, D. (1992) Two new species of Geophagus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Rio Orinoco drainage in Venezuela. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 3, 359 - 375." type="journal article" year="1992">Kullander et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFF7FFE1FC7AE9D5FBCE85C8" box="[965,1035,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,367,841,865]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,329,829]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[268,1318,329,832]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Geophagus abalios. Holotype, MCNG 47600, 163.0 mm SL; Venezuela: Apure: Río Cinaruco: Laguna Larga (6.5339 N 67.4150 W)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168882/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxilla reaching 1/3– 2/3 of the distance between nostril and orbit; ascending premaxillary process reaching slightly above midline of orbit. Opercule, preopercule, cleithrum, postcleithrum, and posttemporal lacking serration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF7FFE1FE87EAB5FEA387E8" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1884]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scales. E1 34(3), 35(7), 36(8), 38(2); scales between upper lateral line and dorsal fin 6.5–8.5 anteriorly, 2.5–3.5 posteriorly. Scales between lateral lines 2. Scales on upper lateral line 19(1), 20(7), 21(8), 22(4) and lower lateral line 14(1), 15(4), 16(3), 17(9), 18(3). Anterior half of cheek naked, remainder with ctenoid scales; cheek scale rows 9–10. Opercule covered with ctenoid scales. Caudoventral area of subopercule naked, remain der with ctenoid scales. Interopercule with cycloid scales caudally. Single postorbital column of ctenoid scales, particularly in largest specimens. Occipital and flank scales ctenoid. Circumpeduncular scale rows 7–9 above upper, 9–11 below lower lateral line, ctenoid.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF7FFE1FE87EBDDFB628128" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1884]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Fin scales. Anal, pectoral and pelvic fins naked. Dorsal fin scaled on spinous and soft portions, scales ctenoid, and arranged in double or triple columns along interradial membranes up to one third to one half of fin height. Scaly pad at base of dorsal formed by irregularly arranged small, ctenoid scales extending from first spine to third to seventh soft ray. Anal scaleless, scaly pad on base of anal absent, at most a few small scales on base of anterior portion of fin, moderately ctenoid. Caudal fin scaled along its entire surface, except the tip of rays, and part of membranes between D3 and
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFF7FFE1FC53ECEDFBD780C0" box="[1004,1042,1244,1270]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V3</date>
|
||
, scales ctenoid. Accessory caudal fin extension of lateral line between
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFF7FFE1FCFEED35FC5E8128" box="[833,923,1284,1310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V4–V5</date>
|
||
, absent on dorsal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF7FFE1FE87ED1DFAE88298" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1884]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Fins. Dorsal XVI12(2), XVI13(1), XVII11(2), XVII12(9), XVII13(1), XVIII 11(2), XVIII12(2); anal
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFF7FFE1FD93ED65FDAF8158" box="[556,618,1364,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">III7</date>
|
||
(1),
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFF7FFE1FD2DED65FD098158" box="[658,716,1364,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">III8</date>
|
||
(18),
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFF7FFE1FCB8ED65FC808158" box="[775,837,1364,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">III9</date>
|
||
(1). Dorsalfin spines increasing in length from first to sixth, equal length to ninth, then slightly shorter; lappets pointed, short; soft portion round, reaching just beyond caudalfin insertion; moderately pointed in a 202.0 mm SL, and reaching about a third of caudalfin length; rays 4–6 longest but not produced into filaments; in specimens 63.0 mm SL and smaller dorsal fin not reaching caudalfin insertion. Anal fin round, moderately pointed in largest specimens, with rays 2–5 longest, not reaching caudal fin or barely beyond its base in largest specimens. Caudal fin emarginate with lobes of approximately the same length and without filaments; one specimen 120.2 mm SL with slightly produced ray D8. Pectoral fin elongate, more or less triangular,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF7FFE1FEB7EEF5FBAE836A" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1884]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">longest at 4th ray, reaching 1st or 2nd analfin spines, then progressively shorter ventrally. Pelvic fin triangular, first ray produced into a filament reaching 3rd analfin soft ray; in a specimen 202.0 mm SL almost reaching caudalfin insertion; specimens 45.5 mm SL or less with slightly or not produced rays, reaching at most 1st analfin spine.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF6FFE0FE87E92DFC0D8610" blockId="13.[264,1325,284,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Teeth. Outer row of upper jaw with 17–26 approximately cylindrical, frequently blunt, slightly recurved, unicuspid teeth; larger than in inner rows, extending along most of premaxillary length; 6–7 inner rows, separated by a clear gap from outer row; teeth on inner row thin, slightly recurved unicuspids, forming a pad. Outer row of lower jaw with 16–22 blunt, slightly recurved unicuspid teeth; median 3 teeth more labially positioned than rest of row; inner rows 6 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFE6DFFFF6FFE0FDCBE9D5FD6785C8" box="[628,674,484,510]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
small specimens), forming a pad, separated from outer row by distinct gap; teeth thin, slightly recurved unicuspids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF6FFE0FE87EA05FAE686A8" blockId="13.[264,1325,284,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Gills. External rakers on first gill arch; 10(11), 11(1) on epibranchial lobe,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFE6DFFFF6FFE0FB09EA05FB268678" box="[1206,1251,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
angle and 12(3), 13(7), 14(2) on ceratobranchial, none on hypobranchial. Microbranchiospines on the outer face of second to fourth arches. Gill filaments with narrow basal skin cover.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF6FFE0FE87EA9DFC4287E8" blockId="13.[264,1325,284,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Tooth plates. Lower pharyngeal tooth plate elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFF6FFE0FC04EA9DFBC686F0" box="[955,1027,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[600,1024,1320,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[537,1050,1285,1815]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Geophagus dicrozoster. Occlusal aspect of lower pharyngeal tooth plate; from MCNG 40623, 88.4 mm SL; scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157571/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); width of bone 80–82% of length; dentigerous area 80% of width; 28 teeth in posterior row,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFE6DFFFF6FFE0FBF1EAE5FB4986D8" box="[1102,1164,724,750]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||
median row. Anteriormost teeth subconical, laterally compressed and erect; cusps posterior, slightly curved rostrad, small rostral edge ridge; lateral marginal teeth with same cusp pattern, teeth thinner and more laterally compressed towards caudal edge of plate; posteromedial teeth much larger, almost cylindrical, cusps posterior, almost blunt. Ceratobranchial 4 with 5 toothplates with 4–6, 5–7, 5–13, 6–11 and 3–7 teeth; one of two specimens with 7 toothplates with 6, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3 and 3 teeth on left side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF6FFE0FE87EBDDFEFE8018" blockId="13.[264,1325,284,1070]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Vertebrae. 14+18=32(1), 14+19=33(10), 15+18=33(3), 15+19=34(1); 11–12 epihemal ribs.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF481BB2FFF6FFE0FEB7EE0FFE4082AD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168884/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[268,1318,1113,1586]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF6FFE0FEB7EE0FFE4082AD" blockId="13.[264,1323,1598,1691]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF6FFE0FEB7EE0FFE4F8260" bold="true" box="[264,394,1598,1622]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF6FFE0FE26EE0EFD4A8260" box="[409,655,1599,1622]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF6FFE0FE26EE0EFD4A8260" box="[409,655,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Geophagus dicrozoster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Uncatalogued specimen, young adult immediately after capture at the type locality: Laguna Larga, Río Cinaruco, Apure State, Venezuela. 6.3335 N, 67.2471 W.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF6FFE3FE87EEFFFCCE80CF" blockId="13.[264,1324,1742,1889]" lastBlockId="14.[264,1325,284,1273]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF6FFE0FE87EEFFFDB582DE" bold="true" box="[312,624,1742,1768]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Color pattern in alcohol</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFF6FFE0FD3CEEFEFD0A82DF" box="[643,719,1743,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[264,367,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[269,1317,1067,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[269,1317,1067,1509]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geophagus dicrozoster. Holotype, MCNG 40996, 193.0 mm SL; Venezuela: Apure: Río Cinaruco: Laguna Larga (6.5339 N 67.4150 W)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157569/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Background color grayish yellow; nape, snout, upper lip and naked portion of cheek darker gray, scaled portion of cheek lighter; lower lip yellowish white. Vertical, blackish mark in the corner of the preopercule, continued into the interopercule as a faint spot; indistinguishable or faded in specimens smaller than 65.0 mm SL. Opercule with a dark, brown spot on dorsal edge, reaching first scale of upper lateral line, otherwise uniformly dusky yellow or silvery white in some specimens probably depending on preservation. Ventrally, gill cover dusky yellow or yellowish white in some specimens; branchiostegal membrane also yellowish, grayish brown in one specimen 202.0 mm SL. Chest yellow laterally and ventrally, white in many specimens, juveniles with distinctive silverywhite chest region; in best preserved specimens dusky yellow or white extends ventrally to base of caudal fin and to H3 on caudal peduncle flanks. Flanks with 7, dorsoventrally directed, darkgray bars fading or disappearing ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFF5FFE3FB78EA05FACB8678" box="[1223,1294,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Bar 1 expands from the 7th–8th predorsal scale to the base of the dorsal fin between spines 4–5 forming an inverted triangle; its anterior edge roughly delimited by the extrascapular and its posterior edge descending ventrally to the pectoralfin insertion. Bar 2 extends between the base of dorsalfin spines 6–7 and 9, and runs vertically to H6–7. Bar 3 extends between the base of dorsalfin spines
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFF5FFE3FC88EACEFBCF872F" box="[823,1034,767,793]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1913-11-10" valueMax="1913-12-10" valueMin="1913-11-10">10–11 and 12–13</date>
|
||
, descends ventrally and slightly caudally oriented, fading progressively to H6–7. A welldemarked, black medial spot is located on bar 3, extending rostrocaudally between scales 11 and 14–15 of E3 and dorsoventrally between the lower half of E4 and E1, such that the upper lateral line traverses the dorsal 1/4–1/3 of the spot. Bar 4 extends between the bases of dorsalfin spines 14–15 to 17, and descends ventrocaudally to the upper lateral line, where it merges with bar 5 such that the two bars form a “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFF5FFE3FCBCEBDEFCDE803F" box="[771,795,1007,1033]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
” shaped figure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFF5FFE3FC5CEBDEFBE9803F" box="[995,1068,1007,1033]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a); in specimens 50.0 mm SL or less, bar
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFF5FFE3FE52EC26FDF38007" box="[493,566,1047,1073]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4 may</date>
|
||
appear as a spot on the base of the dorsal, not quite reaching bar 5. Bar 5 extends between the base of dorsalfin spine 18 and ray 1 or rays 1–2 and rays 4– 5, it descends vertically fading at H1–2. Bar 6 extends from the base of the 7–8 dorsal fin rays to the second postdorsal scale in the caudal peduncle, descends vertically and fades at H1–2. Bar 7 covers the area between the last 4–5 lower lateral line scales and the base of the caudal fin, disappearing ventrally at H2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF481BB2FFF5FFE3FEB7EF13FD2E836A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157571/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[600,1024,1320,1795]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF5FFE3FEB7EF13FD2E836A" blockId="14.[264,1323,1826,1884]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF5FFE3FEB7EF13FE54830C" bold="true" box="[264,401,1826,1850]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF5FFE3FE16EF12FD61830C" box="[425,676,1827,1850]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF5FFE3FE16EF12FD61830C" box="[425,676,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Geophagus dicrozoster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Occlusal aspect of lower pharyngeal tooth plate; from MCNG 40623, 88.4 mm SL; scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF4FFE2FE87E92DFDFD86A8" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dorsal fin dusky, lappets dark gray or blackish, forming a faint dark edge along fin; dorsal fin immaculate except a few indistinct whitish spots in the membranes of caudal half of soft portion; in specimens 63.0 mm SL or smaller, three dusky longitudinal, parallel stripes alternate with light stripes along soft portion of dorsal fin. Anal fin hyaline to slightly dusky; 4 longitudinal, parallel gray bands along soft portion; largest specimen with dark gray lappets. Caudal fin graybrown, with whitish longitudinal bands of variable length and elongate spots, forming no evident pattern; specimens up to 85.0 mm SL with 4 dark, vertical bands that gradually turn into the above described pattern with increasing size. Pectoral fin immaculate. Pelvic fin dusky, darker distally; spine and first ray whitish gray to dusky.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF4FFE2FE87EA9DFD3787E8" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF4FFE2FE87EA9DFE0786F0" bold="true" box="[312,450,684,710]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Live colors</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFF4FFE2FE6CEA9DFDDE86F0" box="[467,539,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[264,367,1598,1622]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,1113,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[268,1319,1112,1588]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Geophagus dicrozoster. Uncatalogued specimen, young adult immediately after capture at the type locality: Laguna Larga, Río Cinaruco, Apure State, Venezuela. 6.3335 N, 67.2471 W." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168884/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dark markings as in alcohol specimens. Background color yellowish olive green; head silvery with yellow on gill cover, snout gray, upper lip iridescent blue extending behind lips to preopercular mark. Dorsal fin reddish with faint iridescent blue spots, especially on the soft portion; some specimens with proximal third of spiny portion yellow, probably due to breeding condition; anal fin red or reddish with distinctive iridescent blue horizontal banding; caudal fin reddish with a variable pattern of iridescent blue stripes and spots. Five to seven faint, yellow horizontal stripes alternating with olive green along body, but not always distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF481BB2FFF4FFE2FEB7EF05FAC7835D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157572/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[294,1292,1051,1817]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFF4FFE2FEB7EF05FAC7835D" blockId="15.[264,1323,1844,1899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF4FFE2FEB7EF05FE4C837A" bold="true" box="[264,393,1844,1868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Known distribution area of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF4FFE2FD07EF05FC43837D" box="[696,902,1844,1867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abalios" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF4FFE2FD07EF05FC43837D" box="[696,902,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Geophagus abalios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2702A53FFF4FFE2FC32EF05FC03837D" box="[909,966,1844,1867]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF4FFE2FBBEEF05FB50837D" box="[1025,1173,1844,1867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF4FFE2FBBEEF05FB50837D" box="[1025,1173,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G. dicrozoster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2702A53FFF4FFE2FB23EF05FB10837D" box="[1180,1237,1844,1867]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFF4FFE2FEB7EF65FDC4835D" box="[264,513,1876,1899]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachybranchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFF4FFE2FEB7EF65FE17835D" box="[264,466,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G. brachybranchus</emphasis>
|
||
()
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Venezuela. One dot may represent more than one collection locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFEBFFFDFE87E92AFBFD8678" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEBFFFDFE87E92AFBFD8678" blockId="16.[264,1323,283,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFE87E92AFDAB8503" bold="true" box="[312,622,283,309]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEBFFFDFD3EE92DFD098500" box="[641,716,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[264,367,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[294,1292,1051,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[287,1299,1049,1824]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Known distribution area of Geophagus abalios n. sp. (), G. dicrozoster n. sp. (), and G. brachybranchus () in Venezuela. One dot may represent more than one collection locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157572/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEBFFFDFD4FE92DFBC68503" box="[752,1027,284,309]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFD4FE92DFBC68503" box="[752,1027,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Geophagus dicrozoster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in the black waters of the Caura and Caroní drainages of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEBFFFDFCE7E975FC768568" box="[856,947,324,350]" name="Guyana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield; it is also present in all major tributaries of the middle and upper Orinoco, including the drainages of the Cataniapo, Ventuari, Atabapo, Ocamo, and Mavaca, as well as the Casiquiare and the headwaters of the Río Negro. In the llanos,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEBFFFDFD79E98DFCAE85E3" box="[710,875,444,469]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFD79E98DFCAE85E3" box="[710,875,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G. dicrozoster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the moderately blackwatered Río Cinaruco, although further collections will likely show its presence in the nearby Río Capanaparo and its tributaries. No specimens have been captured from white water, or from llanos clear water drainages as the AguaroGuariquito.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFEBFFFDFE87EA6AFB3986A8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEBFFFDFE87EA6AFB3986A8" blockId="16.[264,1323,283,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFE87EA6AFE018643" bold="true" box="[312,452,603,629]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFD2DEA6DFD1F8643" box="[658,730,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">dikros</emphasis>
|
||
, forked, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFCCBEA6DFC7C8643" box="[884,953,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">zoster</emphasis>
|
||
, belt. Given in reference to the “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEBFFFDFEACEAB5FEEE86A8" box="[275,299,644,670]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
” formed by lateral bars 4 and 5. To be regarded as an adjective in masculine form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |