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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3899.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC5229818" ID-PubMed="25543674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4957307" ID-ZooBank="D78F2010-08E1-45C0-86FF-7F2D3601070D" approvalRequired="277" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="8" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_matCits="4" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="7" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="243" approvalRequired_for_treatments="14" checkinTime="1623764586673" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gross, Martin, Ramos, Maria Ines F. &amp; Piller, Werner E." docDate="2014" docId="017587FEFFB7FFDC71F4DEC9FD58F83A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03899p069.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3899 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.8:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Cyprideis pebasae Whatley et al. 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FD4CFF86FFACFFC77163DC1FFFCBFFDD" masterDocTitle="On the Miocene Cyprideis species flock (Ostracoda; Crustacea) of Western Amazonia (Solimões Formation): Refining taxonomy on species level" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668193079369" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>On the Miocene Cyprideis species flock (Ostracoda; Crustacea) of Western Amazonia (Solimões Formation): Refining taxonomy on species level</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gross, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">martin.gross@museum-joanneum.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ramos, Maria Ines F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mramos@museu-goeldi.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Piller, Werner E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">martin.gross@museum-joanneum.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2014-12-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number>3899</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3899.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection box="[151,555,726,752]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,909,726,786]" box="[151,555,726,752]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,555,726,752]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="4">
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979)" authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[151,555,726,752]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,555,726,752]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,368,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis pebasae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[383,547,726,752]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,909,726,786]" box="[151,909,761,786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<figureCitation box="[151,232,761,786]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,249,1539,1561]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,303,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-211@23.[151,1436,295,1498]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 6. “Ornate” Cyprideis species of core 1AS-10-AM photographed in transmitted light (external view) and focus stacked (scale bar = 200 µm; for abbreviations, see Fig. 4). ab: C. cyrtoma, a: R♀ (0.73/0.37; AM10-27_15), b: R♀ (0.79/ 0.41; AM10-30_51); c: C. schedogymnos, R♀ (0.77/0.39; AM10-42_20); d: C. aff. graciosa, R♂ (0.95/0.48; AM10-30_68); e: C. minipunctata, R♀ (0.80/0.44; AM10-42_26); f: C. curucae, R♀ (0.80/0.42; AM10-23_06); g: C. pebasae, L♀ (0.67/0.36; AM10-27_79); hi: C. munoztorresi, h: L♀ (0.74/0.39; AM10-15_23), i: R♀ (0.75/0.38; AM10-15_25); jk: C. ituiae, j: L♀ (0.64/0.33; AM10-23_105), k: R♀ (0.68/0.35; AM10-30_118); lm: C. matorae, l: L♀ (0.80/0.43; AM10-30_121), m: R♂ (0.81/0.39; AM10-30_120); n: C. inversa, L♂ (0.58/0.32; AM10-30_122); o: C. sulcosigmoidalis, R♀ (1.01/0.59; AM10- 7_47)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957319/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Fig.
<quantity box="[202,232,761,786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="g" value="6.0">6g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
; Pl. 8, Figs. 3443; Pl. 9,
<figureCitation box="[523,595,761,786]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1124,1146]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,451,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-487@4.[151,1436,445,1083]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the study area in western Amazonia. a: Isopatches [m] of the thickness of the Solimões Formation in the Acre and Solimões Basins (after Maia et al. 1977; Latrubesse et al. 2010); b: Coal-prospection area with isopatches [m] of the Solimões Fm. and position of exploration wells (after Maia et al. 1977; star = herein investigated core 1AS-10-AM; additional boreholes marked with numbers are mentioned in this study; location of CPCAN-IIII after Nuttall 1990)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957309/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
24; Pl. 10, Figs. 45, 47, 51
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1400,833,1162]" box="[245,870,833,855]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
1977
<taxonomicName box="[339,485,833,855]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cytheridea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[339,452,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cytheridea</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[458,485,834,855]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
nov. C—Purper: 363; Pl. 3,
<figureCitation box="[769,866,833,855]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,249,1124,1146]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,249,1961,1983]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,249,1878,1900]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,249,1707,1729]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1430,451,1077]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1396,184,1927]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1430,227,1813]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1433,235,1636]" captionTargetId-0="figure-487@4.[151,1436,445,1083]" captionTargetId-1="figure-47@8.[181,1402,177,1933]" captionTargetId-2="figure-91@9.[151,1436,219,1821]" captionTargetId-3="figure-175@13.[151,1436,227,1644]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Location of the study area in western Amazonia. a: Isopatches [m] of the thickness of the Solimões Formation in the Acre and Solimões Basins (after Maia et al. 1977; Latrubesse et al. 2010); b: Coal-prospection area with isopatches [m] of the Solimões Fm. and position of exploration wells (after Maia et al. 1977; star = herein investigated core 1AS-10-AM; additional boreholes marked with numbers are mentioned in this study; location of CPCAN-IIII after Nuttall 1990)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Section of well 1AS-10-AM (γ-log, lithology, samples, macrofossil content and core intervals; based on unpublished CPRM report and own observations)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Western Amazonian Cyprideis species groups. a: Phylogenetic model of Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006; Whatley et al. 1998); chronology and phylogenetic relations (stippled lines) redrawn form Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006); taxonomic rearrangements in group allocations in grey (C = Cyprideis, s. MT = sensu Muñoz-Torres et al. (1998), syn. = synonymous); b: herein proposed grouping, based exclusively on morphologic similarities (species without photographs = revision pending)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. “Smooth” Cyprideis species of core 1AS-10-AM (except Figs. jk = core 1AS-32-AM) photographed in transmitted light (external view) and focus stacked (scale bar = 200 µm; L/R = left/right valve; ♀/♂ = female/male; l/h = length/height [mm], specimen code = sample number_specimen number). ac: C. amazonica, a: L♂ (0.84/0.46; AM10-39_44), b: R♀ (0.85/0.46; AM10-7_94), c: R♀ (0.74/0.42; AM10-39_42); df: C. machadoi, d: L♀ (1.09/0.58; AM10-23_66), e: L♀ (1.06/0.53; AM10-27_74), f: R♂ (1.08/0.51; AM10-27_73); gk: C. kotzianae, g: R♂ (0.83/0.38; AM10-27_75), h: L♀ (1.00/ 0.46; AM10-30_36), i: R♂? (0.95/0.43; AM10-30_117), j: L♀ (0.87/0.41; AM32-5_26), k: R♀ (0.86/0.40; AM32-5_39); lm: C. olivencai, l: L♀ (0.73/0.38; AM10-7_97), m: R♀ (0.75/0.38; AM10-7_96); n: C. kroemmelbeini, L♀ (0.83/0.41; AM10- 7_100); o: C. paralela, R♀ (0.61/0.30; AM10-30_100); pr: C. multiradiata, p: L♀ (0.78/0.37; AM10-30_116), q: L♂ (0.89/ 0.38; AM10-30_114), r: R♂ (0.89/0.37; AM10-30_113)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957309" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957311" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957313" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957315" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4957309/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4957311/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4957313/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4957315/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1400,833,1162]" box="[151,1059,864,886]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
* 1979
<taxonomicName authority="Purper" authorityName="Purper" authorityYear="2014" box="[302,579,864,886]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cytheridea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[302,503,864,886]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cytheridea pebasae</emphasis>
Purper
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[589,666,864,885]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
—Purper: 228229; Pl. 2, Figs. 1123.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1400,833,1162]" box="[245,1160,894,916]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
1998
<taxonomicName authority="Gross &amp; Ramos &amp; Piller, 2014" authorityName="Gross &amp; Ramos &amp; Piller" authorityYear="2014" box="[302,506,894,916]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacrimata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[302,506,894,916]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis lacrimata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[511,588,895,916]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
—Muñoz-Torres
<emphasis box="[765,816,894,916]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
: 96; Text-fig. 2; Pl. 3,
<figureCitation box="[1047,1116,894,916]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="33.[151,249,1892,1914]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,200,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-92@33.[151,1436,193,1871]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation of some traits in C. sulcosigmoidalis (for ornamentation and selvage position specimens were assigned to classes (13; ESM 2); if more than one class occur in one sample, the arithmetic mean is also displayed; the number of studied specimens per sample is indicated next to the bars; min = minimum, max = maximum, max range/sa = maximum range within one sample, Rf = right female valves)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957321/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1400,833,1162]" box="[151,1107,925,947]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
non 1998
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979)" authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[302,639,925,947]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[302,490,925,947]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis pebasae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[503,631,925,947]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Muñoz-Torres
<emphasis box="[819,870,925,947]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
: 100; Pl. 4,
<figureCitation box="[993,1102,925,947]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="34.[151,249,863,885]" captionStartId-1="35.[151,249,863,885]" captionStartId-2="36.[151,249,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1435,203,839]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1435,203,839]" captionTargetBox-2="[183,1412,186,1920]" captionTargetId-0="figure-469@34.[151,1436,193,842]" captionTargetId-1="figure-438@35.[151,1436,193,842]" captionTargetId-2="figure-70@36.[175,1419,179,1927]" captionTargetPageId-0="34" captionTargetPageId-1="35" captionTargetPageId-2="36" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Ostracod based biozonation of Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006) and remarks (correlations of biozones and chronostratigraphy after Wesselingh et al. 2006b; Wesselingh &amp; Ramos 2010; FAD = first appearance datum and LAD = last appearance datum sensu Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006); s. MT = sensu Muñoz-Torres et al. (1998), s. P = sensu Purper (1979), syn. = synonymous)." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Stratigraphic range of herein treated Cyprideis species mainly based on Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006; for details see chapters 4.5. and 4.6.; correlations of biozones and chronostratigraphy after Wesselingh et al. 2006b; Wesselingh &amp; Ramos 2010; arrows: probably further extending into the Late Miocene, see Gross et al. 2013)." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Distribution of Cyprideis species in core 1AS-10-AM and ostracod biozonation (barren samples AM10/4547 as well as the single valve in AM10/48 not displayed; asterisk at samples AM10/67: more (~four times) material available but not counted; for legend of the lithology, see Fig. 1)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957323" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957325" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957327" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4957323/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4957325/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4957327/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 810</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1400,833,1162]" box="[151,1181,956,978]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
non 1998
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979)" authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[302,639,956,978]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[302,490,956,978]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis pebasae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[503,632,956,978]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Whatley
<emphasis box="[760,811,956,978]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
: 236; Text-fig. 2; Pl. 2, Figs. 1620.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1400,833,1162]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
pars 2006
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979) Whatley et al., 1998" authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[302,855,986,1008]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[302,490,986,1008]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis pebasae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[503,635,986,1008]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation author="Whatley, R. C. &amp; Munoz-Torres, F. &amp; Van Harten, D." box="[649,855,986,1008]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="231 - 245" refId="ref39909" refString="Whatley, R. C., Munoz-Torres, F. &amp; Van Harten, D. (1998) The Ostracoda of an isolated Neogene saline lake in the western Amazon Basin. Bulletin du Centres de Recherches Elf Exploration-Production, Memoires, 20, 231 - 245." type="journal article" year="1998">
Whatley
<emphasis box="[741,792,986,1008]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
emend.—Ramos: 9091;
<figureCitation box="[1121,1223,986,1008]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,249,1539,1561]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,303,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-211@23.[151,1436,295,1498]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 6. “Ornate” Cyprideis species of core 1AS-10-AM photographed in transmitted light (external view) and focus stacked (scale bar = 200 µm; for abbreviations, see Fig. 4). ab: C. cyrtoma, a: R♀ (0.73/0.37; AM10-27_15), b: R♀ (0.79/ 0.41; AM10-30_51); c: C. schedogymnos, R♀ (0.77/0.39; AM10-42_20); d: C. aff. graciosa, R♂ (0.95/0.48; AM10-30_68); e: C. minipunctata, R♀ (0.80/0.44; AM10-42_26); f: C. curucae, R♀ (0.80/0.42; AM10-23_06); g: C. pebasae, L♀ (0.67/0.36; AM10-27_79); hi: C. munoztorresi, h: L♀ (0.74/0.39; AM10-15_23), i: R♀ (0.75/0.38; AM10-15_25); jk: C. ituiae, j: L♀ (0.64/0.33; AM10-23_105), k: R♀ (0.68/0.35; AM10-30_118); lm: C. matorae, l: L♀ (0.80/0.43; AM10-30_121), m: R♂ (0.81/0.39; AM10-30_120); n: C. inversa, L♂ (0.58/0.32; AM10-30_122); o: C. sulcosigmoidalis, R♀ (1.01/0.59; AM10- 7_47)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957319/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 6iy</figureCitation>
. [non
<figureCitation box="[1285,1394,986,1008]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,249,1539,1561]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,303,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-211@23.[151,1436,295,1498]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 6. “Ornate” Cyprideis species of core 1AS-10-AM photographed in transmitted light (external view) and focus stacked (scale bar = 200 µm; for abbreviations, see Fig. 4). ab: C. cyrtoma, a: R♀ (0.73/0.37; AM10-27_15), b: R♀ (0.79/ 0.41; AM10-30_51); c: C. schedogymnos, R♀ (0.77/0.39; AM10-42_20); d: C. aff. graciosa, R♂ (0.95/0.48; AM10-30_68); e: C. minipunctata, R♀ (0.80/0.44; AM10-42_26); f: C. curucae, R♀ (0.80/0.42; AM10-23_06); g: C. pebasae, L♀ (0.67/0.36; AM10-27_79); hi: C. munoztorresi, h: L♀ (0.74/0.39; AM10-15_23), i: R♀ (0.75/0.38; AM10-15_25); jk: C. ituiae, j: L♀ (0.64/0.33; AM10-23_105), k: R♀ (0.68/0.35; AM10-30_118); lm: C. matorae, l: L♀ (0.80/0.43; AM10-30_121), m: R♂ (0.81/0.39; AM10-30_120); n: C. inversa, L♂ (0.58/0.32; AM10-30_122); o: C. sulcosigmoidalis, R♀ (1.01/0.59; AM10- 7_47)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957319/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 6eh</figureCitation>
] 2009
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979)" authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[302,640,1017,1039]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[302,490,1017,1039]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis pebasae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[503,632,1017,1039]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Ramos
<emphasis box="[744,796,1017,1039]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
: 114; Figs. 295298-I.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1400,833,1162]" box="[245,1095,1048,1070]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
2010
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979)" authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[302,639,1048,1070]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[302,490,1048,1070]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis pebasae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[503,631,1048,1070]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Wesselingh &amp; Ramos: 308; Figs. 18.5cd.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1400,833,1162]" box="[245,825,1078,1100]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
2011
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gross &amp; Ramos &amp; Piller" authorityYear="2014" box="[301,504,1078,1100]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacrimata">
<emphasis box="[301,504,1078,1100]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis lacrimata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Linhares
<emphasis box="[624,676,1078,1100]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
: 98;
<figureCitation box="[727,785,1078,1100]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,227,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-91@9.[151,1436,219,1821]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Western Amazonian Cyprideis species groups. a: Phylogenetic model of Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006; Whatley et al. 1998); chronology and phylogenetic relations (stippled lines) redrawn form Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006); taxonomic rearrangements in group allocations in grey (C = Cyprideis, s. MT = sensu Muñoz-Torres et al. (1998), syn. = synonymous); b: herein proposed grouping, based exclusively on morphologic similarities (species without photographs = revision pending)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957313/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
/12.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[245,870,1109,1131]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1400,833,1162]" box="[245,870,1109,1131]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
2011
<taxonomicName authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[301,489,1109,1131]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[301,489,1109,1131]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis pebasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Linhares
<emphasis box="[609,660,1109,1131]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
: 95, 98;
<figureCitation box="[749,818,1109,1131]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,249,1707,1729]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,235,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-175@13.[151,1436,227,1644]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. “Smooth” Cyprideis species of core 1AS-10-AM (except Figs. jk = core 1AS-32-AM) photographed in transmitted light (external view) and focus stacked (scale bar = 200 µm; L/R = left/right valve; ♀/♂ = female/male; l/h = length/height [mm], specimen code = sample number_specimen number). ac: C. amazonica, a: L♂ (0.84/0.46; AM10-39_44), b: R♀ (0.85/0.46; AM10-7_94), c: R♀ (0.74/0.42; AM10-39_42); df: C. machadoi, d: L♀ (1.09/0.58; AM10-23_66), e: L♀ (1.06/0.53; AM10-27_74), f: R♂ (1.08/0.51; AM10-27_73); gk: C. kotzianae, g: R♂ (0.83/0.38; AM10-27_75), h: L♀ (1.00/ 0.46; AM10-30_36), i: R♂? (0.95/0.43; AM10-30_117), j: L♀ (0.87/0.41; AM32-5_26), k: R♀ (0.86/0.40; AM32-5_39); lm: C. olivencai, l: L♀ (0.73/0.38; AM10-7_97), m: R♀ (0.75/0.38; AM10-7_96); n: C. kroemmelbeini, L♀ (0.83/0.41; AM10- 7_100); o: C. paralela, R♀ (0.61/0.30; AM10-30_100); pr: C. multiradiata, p: L♀ (0.78/0.37; AM10-30_116), q: L♂ (0.89/ 0.38; AM10-30_114), r: R♂ (0.89/0.37; AM10-30_113)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957315/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
/34.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[245,1072,1140,1162]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1400,833,1162]" box="[245,1072,1140,1162]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
2013
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979)" authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[302,640,1140,1162]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[302,490,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis pebasae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[503,633,1140,1162]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Gross
<emphasis box="[733,784,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
: 225227; Pl. 5,
<figureCitation box="[958,1023,1140,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1124,1146]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,451,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-487@4.[151,1436,445,1083]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the study area in western Amazonia. a: Isopatches [m] of the thickness of the Solimões Formation in the Acre and Solimões Basins (after Maia et al. 1977; Latrubesse et al. 2010); b: Coal-prospection area with isopatches [m] of the Solimões Fm. and position of exploration wells (after Maia et al. 1977; star = herein investigated core 1AS-10-AM; additional boreholes marked with numbers are mentioned in this study; location of CPCAN-IIII after Nuttall 1990)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957309/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
17.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,758,1206,1231]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1436,1206,2023]" box="[151,758,1206,1231]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,262,1206,1231]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material.</emphasis>
66 valves; samples
<collectionCode box="[487,536,1206,1231]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
10/3, 19, 23, 27, 42.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1436,1206,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,338,1242,1267]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dimensions</emphasis>
(total range over all samples).
<materialsCitation box="[707,746,1243,1266]" collectionCode="R" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectionCode box="[707,731,1243,1266]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R</collectionCode>
<specimenCount box="[730,746,1243,1266]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female"></specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
l = 0.640.80 (0.71), h = 0.340.40 (0.37; n = 7); L
<specimenCount box="[1375,1391,1243,1266]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female"></specimenCount>
l = 0.670.86 (0.73), h = 0.360.45 (0.40; n = 8);
<materialsCitation box="[704,744,1279,1302]" collectionCode="R" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectionCode box="[704,724,1279,1302]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R</collectionCode>
<specimenCount box="[724,744,1279,1302]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male"></specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
l = 0.790.93 (0.86), h = 0.370.41 (0.39; n = 2); L
<specimenCount box="[1371,1391,1279,1302]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male"></specimenCount>
l = 0.710.91 (0.82), h = 0.340.43 (0.40; n = 4); Rj(A-1) l = 0.430.62 (0.54), h = 0.280.35 (0.33; n = 4); Lj(A-1) l = 0.550.60 (0.58), h = 0.340.37 (0.35; n = 4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1436,1206,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1386,1411]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
This subrectangularsubtrapezoidal, coarsely punctate, asulcate species is similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gross &amp; Ramos &amp; Piller" authorityYear="2014" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="munoztorresi">
<emphasis box="[1410,1429,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[151,298,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">munoztorresi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below and
<bibRefCitation author="Gross, M. &amp; Ramos, M. I. &amp; Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E." box="[484,680,1422,1447]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="216 - 241" refId="ref35128" refString="Gross, M., Ramos, M. I., Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E. (2013) Ostracods (Crustacea) and their palaeoenvironmental implication for the Solimoes Formation (Late Miocene; Western Amazonia / Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 42, 216 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2012.10.002" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gross
<emphasis box="[557,614,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) from which it differs by its widely spaced (“about seven”;
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper 1979</bibRefCitation>
) anteromarginal spines (compare for example Pl. 10, Figs. 47 and 48), the robust anteromarginal and posteroventral flange as well as the selvage runs more distally (right valves).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gross &amp; Ramos &amp; Piller" authorityYear="2014" box="[1024,1204,1495,1518]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="munoztorresi">
<emphasis box="[1024,1043,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1057,1204,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">munoztorresi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits up to eight, almost uniform posteroventral denticles (e.g. Pl. 10, Fig. 52), whereas they are only inconspicuously developed in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[151,276,1566,1590]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[151,170,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[184,276,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pebasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(occasionally the lowermost develops into a short spine; Pl. 10, Fig. 51; compare i.e., Pl. 3, Fig.
<quantity box="[1379,1436,1566,1591]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation author="Munoz-Torres, F. &amp; Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D." box="[151,440,1602,1627]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="89 - 105" refId="ref37231" refString="Munoz-Torres, F., Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D. (1998) The endemic non-marine Miocene ostracod fauna of the Upper Amazon Basin. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 30, 89 - 105." type="journal article" year="1998">
Muñoz-Torres
<emphasis box="[317,373,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
). The inter- and intra-sample variability (mainly size, outline, ornament) of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[1286,1411,1603,1627]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[1286,1305,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1319,1411,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pebasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is shown on plates 89.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1436,1206,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gross &amp; Ramos &amp; Piller" authorityYear="2014" box="[199,345,1675,1699]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacrimata">
<emphasis box="[199,218,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[236,345,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">lacrimata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation author="Munoz-Torres, F. &amp; Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D." box="[392,711,1674,1699]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="89 - 105" refId="ref37231" refString="Munoz-Torres, F., Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D. (1998) The endemic non-marine Miocene ostracod fauna of the Upper Amazon Basin. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 30, 89 - 105." type="journal article" year="1998">
Muñoz-Torres
<emphasis box="[564,625,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
as well as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[853,983,1675,1699]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[853,872,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[891,983,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pebasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a “well pronounced anterior and ventroposterior marginal border” and with a “coarsely spinose” flange of
<bibRefCitation author="Ramos, M. I. F." box="[996,1152,1710,1735]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="87 - 95" refId="ref37822" refString="Ramos, M. I. F. (2006) Ostracods from the Neogene Solimoes Formation (Amazonas, Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21 (1 - 2), 87 - 95. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2005.08.001" type="journal article" year="2006">Ramos (2006</bibRefCitation>
; compare
<bibRefCitation author="Linhares, A. P. &amp; Ramos, M. I. F. &amp; Gross, M. &amp; Piller, W. E." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="91 - 103" refId="ref36921" refString="Linhares, A. P., Ramos, M. I. F., Gross, M. &amp; Piller, W. E. (2011) Evidence for marine influx during the Miocene in southwestern Amazonia, Brazil. Geologia Colombiana, 36, 91 - 103." type="journal article" year="2011">
Linhares
<emphasis box="[1378,1436,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
) are synonyms of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[414,539,1747,1771]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[414,433,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[447,539,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pebasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below and
<bibRefCitation author="Gross, M. &amp; Ramos, M. I. &amp; Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E." box="[720,917,1746,1771]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="216 - 241" refId="ref35128" refString="Gross, M., Ramos, M. I., Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E. (2013) Ostracods (Crustacea) and their palaeoenvironmental implication for the Solimoes Formation (Late Miocene; Western Amazonia / Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 42, 216 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2012.10.002" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gross
<emphasis box="[793,849,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1436,1206,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName authority="purperi Sheppard &amp; Bate, 1980" authorityName="purperi Sheppard &amp; Bate" authorityYear="1980" box="[199,782,1782,1807]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="purperi" subSpecies="purperi">
<emphasis box="[199,497,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis purperi purperi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sheppard, L. M. &amp; Bate, R. H." box="[508,782,1782,1807]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="97 - 124" refId="ref38372" refString="Sheppard, L. M. &amp; Bate, R. H. (1980) Plio-Pleistocene ostracods from the Upper Amazon of Colombia and Peru. Palaeontology, 23, 97 - 124." type="journal article" year="1980">Sheppard &amp; Bate, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Sheppard &amp; Bate, 1980" authorityName="Sheppard &amp; Bate" authorityYear="1980" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="purperi" subSpecies="colombiaensis">
<emphasis box="[844,1218,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis purperi colombiaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Sheppard, L. M. &amp; Bate, R. H." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="97 - 124" refId="ref38372" refString="Sheppard, L. M. &amp; Bate, R. H. (1980) Plio-Pleistocene ostracods from the Upper Amazon of Colombia and Peru. Palaeontology, 23, 97 - 124." type="journal article" year="1980">Sheppard &amp; Bate, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which are placed in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Whatley et al." authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[646,772,1819,1843]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pebasae">
<emphasis box="[646,665,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[680,772,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pebasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Ramos, M. I. F." box="[814,977,1818,1843]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="87 - 95" refId="ref37822" refString="Ramos, M. I. F. (2006) Ostracods from the Neogene Solimoes Formation (Amazonas, Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21 (1 - 2), 87 - 95. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2005.08.001" type="journal article" year="2006">Ramos (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, are sulcate
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gross &amp; Ramos &amp; Piller" authorityYear="2014" box="[1116,1225,1819,1843]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1116,1225,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cyprideis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa and display a finer ornament (
<bibRefCitation author="Sheppard, L. M. &amp; Bate, R. H." box="[330,590,1854,1879]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="97 - 124" refId="ref38372" refString="Sheppard, L. M. &amp; Bate, R. H. (1980) Plio-Pleistocene ostracods from the Upper Amazon of Colombia and Peru. Palaeontology, 23, 97 - 124." type="journal article" year="1980">Sheppard &amp; Bate 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Gross, M. &amp; Ramos, M. I. &amp; Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E." box="[602,797,1854,1879]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="216 - 241" refId="ref35128" refString="Gross, M., Ramos, M. I., Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E. (2013) Ostracods (Crustacea) and their palaeoenvironmental implication for the Solimoes Formation (Late Miocene; Western Amazonia / Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 42, 216 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2012.10.002" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gross
<emphasis box="[674,730,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, at least the specimen on plate 7, Fig. 13 (and probably Fig. 12) of
<bibRefCitation author="Sheppard, L. M. &amp; Bate, R. H." box="[383,658,1890,1915]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="97 - 124" refId="ref38372" refString="Sheppard, L. M. &amp; Bate, R. H. (1980) Plio-Pleistocene ostracods from the Upper Amazon of Colombia and Peru. Palaeontology, 23, 97 - 124." type="journal article" year="1980">Sheppard &amp; Bate (1980)</bibRefCitation>
clearly belongs to
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper &amp; Pinto 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Purper &amp; Pinto" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[871,1352,1890,1915]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcosigmoidalis">
<emphasis box="[871,890,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[903,1092,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">sulcosigmoidalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I. &amp; Pinto, I. D." box="[1106,1344,1890,1915]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="427 - 441" refId="ref37768" refString="Purper, I. &amp; Pinto, I. D. (1985) New data and new ostracods from Pebas Formation - Upper Amazon Basin. 8 ° Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia, Rio de Janeiro, 1985, Seria Geologia, Paleontologia / Estratigrafia, DNPM 27, 427 - 441." type="journal article" year="1985">Purper &amp; Pinto 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1436,1206,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,339,1926,1951]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Occurrence</emphasis>
(of
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Munoz-Torres et al. 1998" authorityName="Munoz-Torres" authorityYear="1998" box="[388,905,1926,1951]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacrimata">
<emphasis box="[388,407,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[422,531,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">lacrimata</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Munoz-Torres, F. &amp; Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D." box="[610,905,1926,1951]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="89 - 105" refId="ref37231" refString="Munoz-Torres, F., Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D. (1998) The endemic non-marine Miocene ostracod fauna of the Upper Amazon Basin. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 30, 89 - 105." type="journal article" year="1998">
Muñoz-Torres
<emphasis box="[779,836,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Western Amazonia (
<collectingCountry box="[1157,1230,1926,1951]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1242,1355,1926,1951]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1368,1424,1926,1951]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Peru</collectingCountry>
), late Middle to early Late Miocene (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Purper &amp; Pinto" authorityYear="1985" box="[553,699,1963,1986]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caraionae">
<emphasis box="[553,572,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[586,699,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">caraionae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[699,714,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28"></emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gross &amp; Ramos &amp; Piller" authorityYear="2014" box="[714,839,1963,1986]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyrtoma">
<emphasis box="[714,732,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[747,839,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">cyrtoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
zone;
<bibRefCitation author="Munoz-Torres, F. A. &amp; Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D." box="[915,1206,1962,1987]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="75 - 86" refId="ref37274" refString="Munoz-Torres, F. A., Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D. (2006) Miocene ostracod (Crustacea) biostratigraphy of the upper Amazon Basin and evolution of the genus Cyprideis. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21 (1 - 2), 75 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2005.08.005" type="journal article" year="2006">
Muñoz-Torres
<emphasis box="[1082,1140,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
; chronostratigraphic correlation after
<bibRefCitation author="Wesselingh, F. P. &amp; Ramos, M. I. F." box="[337,647,1998,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="302 - 316" refId="ref39565" refString="Wesselingh, F. P. &amp; Ramos, M. I. F. (2010) Amazonian aquatic invertebrate faunas (Mollusca, Ostracoda) and their development over the past 30 million years. In: Hoorn, C. &amp; Wesselingh, F. P. (Eds.), Amazonia, Landscape and Species Evolution: A Look into the Past. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 302 - 316." type="book chapter" year="2010">Wesselingh &amp; Ramos 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>