treatments-xml/data/01/75/87/017587FEFFB4FFDE71F4DDA8FE12FF25.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3899.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC5229818" ID-PubMed="25543674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4957307" ID-ZooBank="D78F2010-08E1-45C0-86FF-7F2D3601070D" approvalRequired="277" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="8" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_matCits="4" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="7" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="243" approvalRequired_for_treatments="14" checkinTime="1623764586673" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gross, Martin, Ramos, Maria Ines F. &amp; Piller, Werner E." docDate="2014" docId="017587FEFFB4FFDE71F4DDA8FE12FF25" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03899p069.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3899 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.8:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Cyprideis graciosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FD4CFF86FFACFFC77163DC1FFFCBFFDD" masterDocTitle="On the Miocene Cyprideis species flock (Ostracoda; Crustacea) of Western Amazonia (Solimões Formation): Refining taxonomy on species level" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1668193079369" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>On the Miocene Cyprideis species flock (Ostracoda; Crustacea) of Western Amazonia (Solimões Formation): Refining taxonomy on species level</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gross, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">martin.gross@museum-joanneum.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ramos, Maria Ines F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mramos@museu-goeldi.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Piller, Werner E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">martin.gross@museum-joanneum.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2014-12-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number>3899</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:end>69</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3899.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC5229818</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="PubMed">25543674</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:017587FEFFB4FFDE71F4DDA8FE12FF25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/017587FEFFB4FFDE71F4DDA8FE12FF25" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection box="[151,610,439,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,641,439,499]" box="[151,610,439,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,610,439,466]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="4">
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979)" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[151,610,439,466]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,610,439,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cyprideis</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[321,423,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">graciosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[439,602,440,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,641,439,499]" box="[151,641,474,499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<figureCitation box="[151,233,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,249,1539,1561]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,303,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-211@23.[151,1436,295,1498]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 6. “Ornate” Cyprideis species of core 1AS-10-AM photographed in transmitted light (external view) and focus stacked (scale bar = 200 µm; for abbreviations, see Fig. 4). a–b: C. cyrtoma, a: R♀ (0.73/0.37; AM10-27_15), b: R♀ (0.79/ 0.41; AM10-30_51); c: C. schedogymnos, R♀ (0.77/0.39; AM10-42_20); d: C. aff. graciosa, R♂ (0.95/0.48; AM10-30_68); e: C. minipunctata, R♀ (0.80/0.44; AM10-42_26); f: C. curucae, R♀ (0.80/0.42; AM10-23_06); g: C. pebasae, L♀ (0.67/0.36; AM10-27_79); h–i: C. munoztorresi, h: L♀ (0.74/0.39; AM10-15_23), i: R♀ (0.75/0.38; AM10-15_25); j–k: C. ituiae, j: L♀ (0.64/0.33; AM10-23_105), k: R♀ (0.68/0.35; AM10-30_118); l–m: C. matorae, l: L♀ (0.80/0.43; AM10-30_121), m: R♂ (0.81/0.39; AM10-30_120); n: C. inversa, L♂ (0.58/0.32; AM10-30_122); o: C. sulcosigmoidalis, R♀ (1.01/0.59; AM10- 7_47)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957319/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 6d</figureCitation>
; Pl. 6, Figs. 33–34; Pl. 7, 
<figureCitation box="[523,594,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1124,1146]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,451,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-487@4.[151,1436,445,1083]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the study area in western Amazonia. a: Isopatches [m] of the thickness of the Solimões Formation in the Acre and Solimões Basins (after Maia et al. 1977; Latrubesse et al. 2010); b: Coal-prospection area with isopatches [m] of the Solimões Fm. and position of exploration wells (after Maia et al. 1977; star = herein investigated core 1AS-10-AM; additional boreholes marked with numbers are mentioned in this study; location of CPCAN-I–III after Nuttall 1990)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957309/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
–20
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1185,546,844]" box="[151,834,546,568]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
? 1977 
<taxonomicName box="[302,448,546,568]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cytheridea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[302,415,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cytheridea</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[420,448,547,568]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
nov. D—Purper: 363; Pl. 3, 
<figureCitation box="[733,830,546,568]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="14.[151,249,1715,1737]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,249,1539,1561]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1426,225,1639]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1433,303,1491]" captionTargetId-0="figure-141@14.[151,1436,215,1649]" captionTargetId-1="figure-211@23.[151,1436,295,1498]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Variation in length of right female valves (Rf) in core 1AS-10-AM of some more frequent Cyprideis species (min = minimum, max = maximum, max range/sa = maximum range within one sample; aside the box plots the number of measured specimens per sample is indicated)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. “Ornate” Cyprideis species of core 1AS-10-AM photographed in transmitted light (external view) and focus stacked (scale bar = 200 µm; for abbreviations, see Fig. 4). a–b: C. cyrtoma, a: R♀ (0.73/0.37; AM10-27_15), b: R♀ (0.79/ 0.41; AM10-30_51); c: C. schedogymnos, R♀ (0.77/0.39; AM10-42_20); d: C. aff. graciosa, R♂ (0.95/0.48; AM10-30_68); e: C. minipunctata, R♀ (0.80/0.44; AM10-42_26); f: C. curucae, R♀ (0.80/0.42; AM10-23_06); g: C. pebasae, L♀ (0.67/0.36; AM10-27_79); h–i: C. munoztorresi, h: L♀ (0.74/0.39; AM10-15_23), i: R♀ (0.75/0.38; AM10-15_25); j–k: C. ituiae, j: L♀ (0.64/0.33; AM10-23_105), k: R♀ (0.68/0.35; AM10-30_118); l–m: C. matorae, l: L♀ (0.80/0.43; AM10-30_121), m: R♂ (0.81/0.39; AM10-30_120); n: C. inversa, L♂ (0.58/0.32; AM10-30_122); o: C. sulcosigmoidalis, R♀ (1.01/0.59; AM10- 7_47)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957317" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957319" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4957317/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4957319/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1185,546,844]" box="[151,1040,577,599]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
? * 1979 
<taxonomicName authority="Purper" authorityName="Purper" authorityYear="2014" box="[302,585,577,599]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cytheridea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[302,509,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cytheridea graciosa</emphasis>
Purper
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[595,672,578,599]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
—Purper: 229–230; Pl. 3, 
<figureCitation box="[939,1036,577,599]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="4.[151,249,1124,1146]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,249,1961,1983]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,249,1878,1900]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,249,1707,1729]" captionStartId-4="14.[151,249,1715,1737]" captionStartId-5="23.[151,249,1539,1561]" captionStartId-6="33.[151,249,1892,1914]" captionStartId-7="34.[151,249,863,885]" captionStartId-8="35.[151,249,863,885]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1430,451,1077]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1396,184,1927]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1430,227,1813]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1433,235,1636]" captionTargetBox-4="[161,1426,225,1639]" captionTargetBox-5="[154,1433,303,1491]" captionTargetBox-6="[159,1430,200,1863]" captionTargetBox-7="[154,1435,203,839]" captionTargetBox-8="[154,1435,203,839]" captionTargetId-0="figure-487@4.[151,1436,445,1083]" captionTargetId-1="figure-47@8.[181,1402,177,1933]" captionTargetId-2="figure-91@9.[151,1436,219,1821]" captionTargetId-3="figure-175@13.[151,1436,227,1644]" captionTargetId-4="figure-141@14.[151,1436,215,1649]" captionTargetId-5="figure-211@23.[151,1436,295,1498]" captionTargetId-6="figure-92@33.[151,1436,193,1871]" captionTargetId-7="figure-469@34.[151,1436,193,842]" captionTargetId-8="figure-438@35.[151,1436,193,842]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="14" captionTargetPageId-5="23" captionTargetPageId-6="33" captionTargetPageId-7="34" captionTargetPageId-8="35" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Location of the study area in western Amazonia. a: Isopatches [m] of the thickness of the Solimões Formation in the Acre and Solimões Basins (after Maia et al. 1977; Latrubesse et al. 2010); b: Coal-prospection area with isopatches [m] of the Solimões Fm. and position of exploration wells (after Maia et al. 1977; star = herein investigated core 1AS-10-AM; additional boreholes marked with numbers are mentioned in this study; location of CPCAN-I–III after Nuttall 1990)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Section of well 1AS-10-AM (γ-log, lithology, samples, macrofossil content and core intervals; based on unpublished CPRM report and own observations)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Western Amazonian Cyprideis species groups. a: Phylogenetic model of Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006; Whatley et al. 1998); chronology and phylogenetic relations (stippled lines) redrawn form Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006); taxonomic rearrangements in group allocations in grey (C = Cyprideis, s. MT = sensu Muñoz-Torres et al. (1998), syn. = synonymous); b: herein proposed grouping, based exclusively on morphologic similarities (species without photographs = revision pending)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. “Smooth” Cyprideis species of core 1AS-10-AM (except Figs. j–k = core 1AS-32-AM) photographed in transmitted light (external view) and focus stacked (scale bar = 200 µm; L/R = left/right valve; ♀/♂ = female/male; l/h = length/height [mm], specimen code = sample number_specimen number). a–c: C. amazonica, a: L♂ (0.84/0.46; AM10-39_44), b: R♀ (0.85/0.46; AM10-7_94), c: R♀ (0.74/0.42; AM10-39_42); d–f: C. machadoi, d: L♀ (1.09/0.58; AM10-23_66), e: L♀ (1.06/0.53; AM10-27_74), f: R♂ (1.08/0.51; AM10-27_73); g–k: C. kotzianae, g: R♂ (0.83/0.38; AM10-27_75), h: L♀ (1.00/ 0.46; AM10-30_36), i: R♂? (0.95/0.43; AM10-30_117), j: L♀ (0.87/0.41; AM32-5_26), k: R♀ (0.86/0.40; AM32-5_39); l–m: C. olivencai, l: L♀ (0.73/0.38; AM10-7_97), m: R♀ (0.75/0.38; AM10-7_96); n: C. kroemmelbeini, L♀ (0.83/0.41; AM10- 7_100); o: C. paralela, R♀ (0.61/0.30; AM10-30_100); p–r: C. multiradiata, p: L♀ (0.78/0.37; AM10-30_116), q: L♂ (0.89/ 0.38; AM10-30_114), r: R♂ (0.89/0.37; AM10-30_113)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Variation in length of right female valves (Rf) in core 1AS-10-AM of some more frequent Cyprideis species (min = minimum, max = maximum, max range/sa = maximum range within one sample; aside the box plots the number of measured specimens per sample is indicated)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. “Ornate” Cyprideis species of core 1AS-10-AM photographed in transmitted light (external view) and focus stacked (scale bar = 200 µm; for abbreviations, see Fig. 4). a–b: C. cyrtoma, a: R♀ (0.73/0.37; AM10-27_15), b: R♀ (0.79/ 0.41; AM10-30_51); c: C. schedogymnos, R♀ (0.77/0.39; AM10-42_20); d: C. aff. graciosa, R♂ (0.95/0.48; AM10-30_68); e: C. minipunctata, R♀ (0.80/0.44; AM10-42_26); f: C. curucae, R♀ (0.80/0.42; AM10-23_06); g: C. pebasae, L♀ (0.67/0.36; AM10-27_79); h–i: C. munoztorresi, h: L♀ (0.74/0.39; AM10-15_23), i: R♀ (0.75/0.38; AM10-15_25); j–k: C. ituiae, j: L♀ (0.64/0.33; AM10-23_105), k: R♀ (0.68/0.35; AM10-30_118); l–m: C. matorae, l: L♀ (0.80/0.43; AM10-30_121), m: R♂ (0.81/0.39; AM10-30_120); n: C. inversa, L♂ (0.58/0.32; AM10-30_122); o: C. sulcosigmoidalis, R♀ (1.01/0.59; AM10- 7_47)." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Variation of some traits in C. sulcosigmoidalis (for ornamentation and selvage position specimens were assigned to classes (1–3; ESM 2); if more than one class occur in one sample, the arithmetic mean is also displayed; the number of studied specimens per sample is indicated next to the bars; min = minimum, max = maximum, max range/sa = maximum range within one sample, Rf = right female valves)." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Ostracod based biozonation of Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006) and remarks (correlations of biozones and chronostratigraphy after Wesselingh et al. 2006b; Wesselingh &amp; Ramos 2010; FAD = first appearance datum and LAD = last appearance datum sensu Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006); s. MT = sensu Muñoz-Torres et al. (1998), s. P = sensu Purper (1979), syn. = synonymous)." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Stratigraphic range of herein treated Cyprideis species mainly based on Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006; for details see chapters 4.5. and 4.6.; correlations of biozones and chronostratigraphy after Wesselingh et al. 2006b; Wesselingh &amp; Ramos 2010; arrows: probably further extending into the Late Miocene, see Gross et al. 2013)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957309" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957311" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957313" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957315" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957317" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957319" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957321" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957323" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957325" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4957309/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4957311/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4957313/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4957315/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4957317/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4957319/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/4957321/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/4957323/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/4957325/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 1–9</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1185,546,844]" box="[151,1132,608,630]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
? 1991 
<taxonomicName authority="Purper, 1979" authorityName="Purper" authorityYear="1979" box="[302,643,608,630]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cytheridea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[302,509,608,630]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cytheridea graciosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[516,643,608,630]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Purper &amp; Ornellas: 26–28; Pl. 1, 
<figureCitation box="[1005,1087,608,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="36.[151,249,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[183,1412,186,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-70@36.[175,1419,179,1927]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 10. Distribution of Cyprideis species in core 1AS-10-AM and ostracod biozonation (barren samples AM10/45–47 as well as the single valve in AM10/48 not displayed; asterisk at samples AM10/6–7: more (~four times) material available but not counted; for legend of the lithology, see Fig. 1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957327/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
–15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1185,546,844]" box="[151,1086,638,660]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
? 1998 
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979)" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[302,644,638,660]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[302,496,638,660]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cyprideis graciosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[508,637,638,660]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Muñoz-Torres 
<emphasis box="[824,875,638,660]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
: 96; Pl. 3, 
<figureCitation box="[986,1082,638,660]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,249,1124,1146]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,249,1961,1983]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,249,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1430,451,1077]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1396,184,1927]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1430,227,1813]" captionTargetId-0="figure-487@4.[151,1436,445,1083]" captionTargetId-1="figure-47@8.[181,1402,177,1933]" captionTargetId-2="figure-91@9.[151,1436,219,1821]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Location of the study area in western Amazonia. a: Isopatches [m] of the thickness of the Solimões Formation in the Acre and Solimões Basins (after Maia et al. 1977; Latrubesse et al. 2010); b: Coal-prospection area with isopatches [m] of the Solimões Fm. and position of exploration wells (after Maia et al. 1977; star = herein investigated core 1AS-10-AM; additional boreholes marked with numbers are mentioned in this study; location of CPCAN-I–III after Nuttall 1990)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Section of well 1AS-10-AM (γ-log, lithology, samples, macrofossil content and core intervals; based on unpublished CPRM report and own observations)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Western Amazonian Cyprideis species groups. a: Phylogenetic model of Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006; Whatley et al. 1998); chronology and phylogenetic relations (stippled lines) redrawn form Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006); taxonomic rearrangements in group allocations in grey (C = Cyprideis, s. MT = sensu Muñoz-Torres et al. (1998), syn. = synonymous); b: herein proposed grouping, based exclusively on morphologic similarities (species without photographs = revision pending)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957309" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957311" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957313" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4957309/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4957311/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4957313/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1185,546,844]" box="[151,1185,669,691]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
? 1998 
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979)" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[302,645,669,691]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[302,496,669,691]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cyprideis graciosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[508,638,669,691]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Whatley 
<emphasis box="[765,817,669,691]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
: 234; Text-fig. 2; Pl. 1, Figs. 11–15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1185,546,844]" box="[151,893,700,722]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
? 2006 
<taxonomicName authority="Purper, 1979" authorityName="Purper" authorityYear="1979" box="[302,630,700,722]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[302,496,700,722]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cyprideis graciosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[501,630,700,722]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Ramos: 92; 
<figureCitation box="[779,889,700,722]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="33.[151,249,1892,1914]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,200,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-92@33.[151,1436,193,1871]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation of some traits in C. sulcosigmoidalis (for ornamentation and selvage position specimens were assigned to classes (1–3; ESM 2); if more than one class occur in one sample, the arithmetic mean is also displayed; the number of studied specimens per sample is indicated next to the bars; min = minimum, max = maximum, max range/sa = maximum range within one sample, Rf = right female valves)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957321/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 7d–h</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1185,546,844]" box="[151,956,730,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
? 2009 
<taxonomicName authority="Purper, 1979" authorityName="Purper" authorityYear="1979" box="[302,629,730,752]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[302,496,730,752]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cyprideis graciosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[501,629,730,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Ramos 
<emphasis box="[733,784,730,752]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
: 114; Fig. 289-I.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1185,546,844]" box="[151,1080,761,783]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
? 2010 
<taxonomicName authority="Purper, 1979" authorityName="Purper" authorityYear="1979" box="[302,628,761,783]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[302,496,761,783]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cyprideis graciosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[501,628,761,783]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Wesselingh &amp; Ramos: 308; Figs. 18.5e–f.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1185,546,844]" box="[151,851,792,814]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
? 2011 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Purper" authorityYear="1979" box="[301,494,792,814]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[301,494,792,814]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cyprideis graciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Linhares 
<emphasis box="[614,666,792,814]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
: 96; 
<figureCitation box="[717,784,792,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,227,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-91@9.[151,1436,219,1821]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Western Amazonian Cyprideis species groups. a: Phylogenetic model of Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006; Whatley et al. 1998); chronology and phylogenetic relations (stippled lines) redrawn form Muñoz-Torres et al. (2006); taxonomic rearrangements in group allocations in grey (C = Cyprideis, s. MT = sensu Muñoz-Torres et al. (1998), syn. = synonymous); b: herein proposed grouping, based exclusively on morphologic similarities (species without photographs = revision pending)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957313/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
/9–10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1185,546,844]" box="[151,1027,822,844]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
? 2013 
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper, 1979)" baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[302,646,822,844]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[302,496,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cyprideis graciosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[508,639,822,844]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper, 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Gross 
<emphasis box="[739,790,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
: 225; Pl. 4, 
<figureCitation box="[913,978,822,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1124,1146]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,451,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-487@4.[151,1436,445,1083]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the study area in western Amazonia. a: Isopatches [m] of the thickness of the Solimões Formation in the Acre and Solimões Basins (after Maia et al. 1977; Latrubesse et al. 2010); b: Coal-prospection area with isopatches [m] of the Solimões Fm. and position of exploration wells (after Maia et al. 1977; star = herein investigated core 1AS-10-AM; additional boreholes marked with numbers are mentioned in this study; location of CPCAN-I–III after Nuttall 1990)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957309/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
–17.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,786,889,914]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,889,1922]" box="[151,786,889,914]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,262,889,914]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material.</emphasis>
319 valves; samples 
<collectionCode box="[501,550,889,914]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
10/15–16, 19, 22–30.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,889,1922]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,338,925,950]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Dimensions</emphasis>
(total range over all samples). 
<materialsCitation collectionCode="R" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<collectionCode box="[707,731,926,949]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R</collectionCode>
<specimenCount box="[730,746,926,949]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
l = 0.76–0.91 (0.82), h = 0.40–0.49 (0.44; n = 8); L 
<specimenCount box="[1375,1391,926,949]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
l = 0.72–0.92 (0.83), h = 0.38–0.49 (0.45; n = 10); 
<collectionCode box="[712,732,962,985]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R</collectionCode>
<specimenCount box="[733,753,962,985]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
l = 0.80–0.95 (0.89), h = 0.39–0.48 (0.43; n = 4); L 
<specimenCount box="[1372,1392,962,985]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
l = 0.83–0.98 (0.91), h = 0.42–0.49 (0.45; n = 6); Rj(A-1) l = 0.63–0.66 (0.65), h = 0.37–0.39 (0.38; n = 3); Lj(A-1) l = 0.64–0.70 (0.68), h = 0.38–0.40 (0.39; n = 3); Rj(A-2) l = 0.55–0.56 (0.56), h = 0.30–0.31 (0.30; n = 3); Lj(A-2) l = 0.52, h = 0.27 (n = 1)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,889,1922]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1105,1130]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[321,452,1106,1129]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[321,340,1106,1129]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[354,452,1106,1129]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">graciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a moderately large, subrectangular to subtriangular form with a pitted ornament, with about eight strong and widely spaced spines along the entire anterior margin and about four posteroventral spines of which the lowermost one is the most developed. The anteroventral and anterocentral surface ornament tends to be reduced, forming a low reticulum (sometimes with weakly developed, secondary fine puncta) or is almost smooth (
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." box="[248,390,1249,1274]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper 1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P." box="[402,673,1249,1274]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref37693" refString="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P. (1991) New Ostracodes of the Endemic Fauna of the Pebas Formation, Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 18, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Purper &amp; Ornellas 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ramos, M. I. F." box="[685,829,1249,1274]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="87 - 95" refId="ref37822" refString="Ramos, M. I. F. (2006) Ostracods from the Neogene Solimoes Formation (Amazonas, Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21 (1 - 2), 87 - 95. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2005.08.001" type="journal article" year="2006">Ramos 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Wesselingh, F. P. &amp; Ramos, M. I. F." box="[841,1149,1249,1274]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="302 - 316" refId="ref39565" refString="Wesselingh, F. P. &amp; Ramos, M. I. F. (2010) Amazonian aquatic invertebrate faunas (Mollusca, Ostracoda) and their development over the past 30 million years. In: Hoorn, C. &amp; Wesselingh, F. P. (Eds.), Amazonia, Landscape and Species Evolution: A Look into the Past. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 302 - 316." type="book chapter" year="2010">Wesselingh &amp; Ramos 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Gross, M. &amp; Ramos, M. I. &amp; Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E." box="[1160,1357,1249,1274]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="216 - 241" refId="ref35128" refString="Gross, M., Ramos, M. I., Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E. (2013) Ostracods (Crustacea) and their palaeoenvironmental implication for the Solimoes Formation (Late Miocene; Western Amazonia / Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 42, 216 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2012.10.002" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gross 
<emphasis box="[1233,1289,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,889,1922]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
The present material may range within the variability of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[830,961,1286,1309]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[830,849,1286,1309]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[863,961,1286,1309]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">graciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a wider sense. However, posteroventral spines are not developed in left valves of the present material, which are a characteristic feature according to 
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="209 - 281" refId="ref37668" refString="Purper, I. (1979) Cenozoic Ostracodes of the Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 12, 209 - 281." type="journal article" year="1979">Purper (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P." box="[285,583,1357,1382]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref37693" refString="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P. (1991) New Ostracodes of the Endemic Fauna of the Pebas Formation, Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 18, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Purper &amp; Ornellas (1991)</bibRefCitation>
. Equally, posteroventral spines are not visible in the figured specimens of 
<bibRefCitation author="Munoz-Torres, F. &amp; Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D." box="[151,458,1393,1418]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="89 - 105" refId="ref37231" refString="Munoz-Torres, F., Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D. (1998) The endemic non-marine Miocene ostracod fauna of the Upper Amazon Basin. Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologia, 30, 89 - 105." type="journal article" year="1998">
Muñoz-Torres 
<emphasis box="[318,374,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Whatley, R. C. &amp; Munoz-Torres, F. &amp; Van Harten, D." box="[471,711,1393,1418]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="231 - 245" refId="ref39909" refString="Whatley, R. C., Munoz-Torres, F. &amp; Van Harten, D. (1998) The Ostracoda of an isolated Neogene saline lake in the western Amazon Basin. Bulletin du Centres de Recherches Elf Exploration-Production, Memoires, 20, 231 - 245." type="journal article" year="1998">
Whatley 
<emphasis box="[573,630,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Linhares, A. P. &amp; Ramos, M. I. F. &amp; Gross, M. &amp; Piller, W. E." box="[767,1013,1393,1418]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="91 - 103" refId="ref36921" refString="Linhares, A. P., Ramos, M. I. F., Gross, M. &amp; Piller, W. E. (2011) Evidence for marine influx during the Miocene in southwestern Amazonia, Brazil. Geologia Colombiana, 36, 91 - 103." type="journal article" year="2011">
Linhares 
<emphasis box="[872,929,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
. However, such spines are mentioned in the descriptions provided by the former authors. As discussed by 
<bibRefCitation author="Gross, M. &amp; Ramos, M. I. &amp; Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E." box="[913,1125,1429,1454]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="216 - 241" refId="ref35128" refString="Gross, M., Ramos, M. I., Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E. (2013) Ostracods (Crustacea) and their palaeoenvironmental implication for the Solimoes Formation (Late Miocene; Western Amazonia / Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 42, 216 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2012.10.002" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gross 
<emphasis box="[985,1042,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
, it remains unclear if solely the occurrence or absence of posteroventral spines in left valves is species diagnostic or not. Provisionally, we attribute our specimens to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[448,623,1501,1526]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[448,467,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
. aff. 
<emphasis box="[525,623,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">graciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,889,1922]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Similar species are 
<taxonomicName authority="Purper &amp; Ornellas, 1991" authorityName="Purper &amp; Ornellas" authorityYear="1991" box="[416,969,1537,1562]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anterospinosa">
<emphasis box="[416,689,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cyprideis anterospinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P." box="[695,969,1537,1562]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref37693" refString="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P. (1991) New Ostracodes of the Endemic Fauna of the Pebas Formation, Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 18, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Purper &amp; Ornellas, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Purper &amp; Ornellas, 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Purper &amp; Ornellas" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginuspinosa">
<emphasis box="[1022,1318,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cyprideis marginuspinosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref37693" refString="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P. (1991) New Ostracodes of the Endemic Fauna of the Pebas Formation, Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 18, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Purper &amp; Ornellas, 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The former diverges by its more rounded dorsal margin, the less concave ventral margin, a punctate surface, small posteroventral spines in right valves and the anteromarginal spines are restricted to the anteroventral margin (
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P." box="[399,673,1645,1670]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref37693" refString="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P. (1991) New Ostracodes of the Endemic Fauna of the Pebas Formation, Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 18, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Purper &amp; Ornellas 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,889,1922]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Purper &amp; Ornellas" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[199,414,1682,1705]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginuspinosa">
<emphasis box="[199,218,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[234,414,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">marginuspinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is punctate, has small posteroventral spines in right valves (but note the well-developed spine of the specimen on Pl. 2, 
<figureCitation box="[528,597,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,225,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-141@14.[151,1436,215,1649]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Variation in length of right female valves (Rf) in core 1AS-10-AM of some more frequent Cyprideis species (min = minimum, max = maximum, max range/sa = maximum range within one sample; aside the box plots the number of measured specimens per sample is indicated)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4957317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4957317/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Fig. 
<quantity box="[583,597,1717,1742]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="5.0">5</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in 
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P." box="[640,923,1717,1742]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref37693" refString="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P. (1991) New Ostracodes of the Endemic Fauna of the Pebas Formation, Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 18, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Purper &amp; Ornellas 1991</bibRefCitation>
), a more rounded posterocardinal angle and anteromarginal spines that only slightly exceed half of the valves’ height (
<bibRefCitation author="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P." box="[980,1254,1753,1778]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref37693" refString="Purper, I. &amp; Ornellas, L. P. (1991) New Ostracodes of the Endemic Fauna of the Pebas Formation, Upper Amazon Basin, Brazil. Pesquisas, 18, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Purper &amp; Ornellas 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,889,1922]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Somewhat comparable is 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[500,655,1789,1813]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis box="[500,519,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[537,655,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which differs from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[902,1037,1790,1813]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[902,921,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[939,1037,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">graciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by: e.g. its significantly extended posteroventral flange in right valves, which holds usually one more horizontally directed posteroventral spine; a posteroventral spine in left valves is never developed; its anterior spines are restricted to the lower half of the anterior margin; and the ornament is reduced in the anteroventral area only (
<bibRefCitation author="Gross, M. &amp; Ramos, M. I. &amp; Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E." box="[1004,1202,1897,1922]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="216 - 241" refId="ref35128" refString="Gross, M., Ramos, M. I., Caporaletti, M. &amp; Piller, W. E. (2013) Ostracods (Crustacea) and their palaeoenvironmental implication for the Solimoes Formation (Late Miocene; Western Amazonia / Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 42, 216 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2012.10.002" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gross 
<emphasis box="[1078,1134,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,339,151,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Occurrence</emphasis>
(of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Purper" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[399,536,152,175]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graciosa">
<emphasis box="[399,418,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[438,536,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">graciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Western Amazonia (
<collectingCountry box="[809,882,151,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[900,1013,151,176]" name="Colombia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1031,1087,151,176]" name="Peru" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Peru</collectingCountry>
), latest Middle to early Late Miocene (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Munoz-Torres, Whatley &amp; Van Harten" authorityYear="1998" box="[270,473,188,212]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obliquosulcata">
<emphasis box="[270,289,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[308,473,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">obliquosulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[473,488,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">–</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gross &amp; Ramos &amp; Piller" authorityYear="2014" box="[488,617,188,212]" class="Ostracoda" family="Cytherideidae" genus="Cyprideis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyrtoma">
<emphasis box="[488,507,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[525,617,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">cyrtoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
zone; 
<bibRefCitation author="Munoz-Torres, F. A. &amp; Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D." box="[702,1005,188,213]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="75 - 86" refId="ref37274" refString="Munoz-Torres, F. A., Whatley, R. C. &amp; Van Harten, D. (2006) Miocene ostracod (Crustacea) biostratigraphy of the upper Amazon Basin and evolution of the genus Cyprideis. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21 (1 - 2), 75 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jsames. 2005.08.005" type="journal article" year="2006">
Muñoz-Torres 
<emphasis box="[873,935,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
; chronostratigraphic correlation after 
<bibRefCitation author="Wesselingh, F. P. &amp; Ramos, M. I. F." box="[151,461,223,248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="302 - 316" refId="ref39565" refString="Wesselingh, F. P. &amp; Ramos, M. I. F. (2010) Amazonian aquatic invertebrate faunas (Mollusca, Ostracoda) and their development over the past 30 million years. In: Hoorn, C. &amp; Wesselingh, F. P. (Eds.), Amazonia, Landscape and Species Evolution: A Look into the Past. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 302 - 316." type="book chapter" year="2010">Wesselingh &amp; Ramos 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>