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<document id="EF46151F8DFDEEB86081976A42E8F6E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="25823" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4662.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7070ef91-15db-4b7e-a87d-72e7b0bdb192" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3383448" ID-ZooBank="366A1E81-946C-4ED4-8A65-C51151FE87CC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1567407246790" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavigne, Robert J. &amp; Dennis, Steve" docDate="2019" docId="7708F17AB80AE53463F1FF00676EFA37" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4662.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4662 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pogonioefferia helenae Bromley" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="8B318902B822E51C6366FF98636CFF5F" masterDocTitle="Robber flies (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) of Wyoming, USA with keys to genera and species" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698754079079" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D3BAA50F64F7A510FB11859B363A9A2C">Robber flies (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) of Wyoming, USA with keys to genera and species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2EE82EF7132202A044C62F98E2C7D144">Lavigne, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D5749E1DE7519E74BCA9CA99B17CAEEA">Dennis, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="7708F17AB80AE53463F1FF00676EFA37" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159348920" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7708F17AB80AE53463F1FF00676EFA37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7708F17AB80AE53463F1FF00676EFA37" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection id="B7BB13E7B80AE53463F1FF006149FFEC" box="[151,549,152,179]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB80AE53463F1FF006149FFEC" blockId="40.[151,549,152,179]" box="[151,549,152,179]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="A456F700B80AE53463F1FF006149FFEC" bold="true" box="[151,549,152,179]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53463F1FF006149FFEC" authority="(Bromley)" authorityName="Bromley" baseAuthorityName="Bromley" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[151,549,152,179]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Pogonioefferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463F1FF006149FFEC" bold="true" box="[151,549,152,179]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463F1FF0062C8FFEC" bold="true" box="[151,420,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pogonioefferia helenae</emphasis>
(Bromley)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B7BB13E7B80AE53463F1FF4F6284FFB1" box="[151,488,213,238]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB80AE53463F1FF4F6284FFB1" blockId="40.[151,488,213,238]" box="[151,488,213,238]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DFB16742B80AE53463F1FF4F6284FFB1" box="[151,488,213,238]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53463F1FF4F6288FFB1" ID-CoL="88794" authority="Bromley, 1951: 30" authorityName="Bromley" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,484,213,238]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Erax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463F1FF4F6272FFB1" box="[151,286,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Erax helenae</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="7E00667DB80AE5346242FF4D6288FFB1" author="Bromley, S. W." box="[292,484,213,238]" page="30" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE5346242FF4D6288FFB1" author="Bromley, S. W." box="[292,484,213,238]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref100868" refString="Bromley, S. W. (1951) Asilid notes (Diptera) with descriptions of thirty new species. American Museum Novitates, 1532, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1951">Bromley, 1951: 30</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B7BB13E7B80AE53463F1FE8D676EFA37" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB80AE53463F1FE8D6755FE9F" blockId="40.[151,1437,277,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463F1FE8D62D9FE6F" bold="true" box="[151,437,277,304]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Recognition characters:</emphasis>
Grayish brown species; length
<quantity id="3859ED89B80AE534607AFE8E60F5FE6F" box="[796,921,278,304]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="17.0">17–24 mm</quantity>
; mystax white with few black bristles on oral margin; setae and bristles of mesonotum mostly black, some white bristles intermixed posteriorly, postpronotal and supraalar setae white; meral bristles white; scutellar setae mixed white and black, mostly black, marginal bristles white; in males abdominal tergites 2–5 black setae dorsocentrally, segments 6 and 7 silvery white pollinose; legs with femora black; tibiae black, posterior sides pale reddish brown, except the tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB80AE53463A1FE5160FCFC2F" blockId="40.[151,1437,277,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463A1FE51620FFEBB" bold="true" box="[199,355,457,484]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution:</emphasis>
FREMONT: Lander, WANG, LTA,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE534619DFE526012FEBB" box="[763,894,457,484]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2005-07-02">2 July 2005</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53460EBFE5260ABFEBB" box="[909,967,458,484]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsbf-qixz" name="Colorado State University" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">CSU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53460B5FE526742FEBB" box="[979,1070,458,484]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">GMAD</collectionCode>
); Riverton,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE53467D4FE526621FEBB" box="[1202,1357,458,484]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1962-09-18">18 Sept. 1962</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE534663AFE5266FCFEBB" box="[1372,1424,458,484]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">RJL</collectionCode>
). GOSHEN:
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE5346270FE7662C7FD57" box="[278,427,493,520]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1945-08-17">17 Aug. 1945</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53462DEFE76629DFD57" box="[440,497,494,520]" country="Turkmenistan" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12935" name="Desert Experiment Station of the W.I.R." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="Herbarium">REP</collectionCode>
). HOT SPRINGS: Dutch Nick Flats, Big Horn Basin,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE5346722FE7667B0FD57" box="[1092,1244,494,520]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1962-09-14">14 Sept. 1962</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE534678CFE766672FD57" box="[1258,1310,494,520]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">RJL</collectionCode>
). PLATTE: Camp
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB80AE5346386FD8A6220FD73" box="[224,332,530,556]" name="Guernsey" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Guernsey</collectingCountry>
, WANG, 2001b (
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE534616AFD8A612AFD73" box="[524,582,530,556]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hsbf-qixz" name="Colorado State University" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">CSU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE5346137FD8A61C0FD73" box="[593,684,530,556]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">GMAD</collectionCode>
); Chugwater,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE5346023FD8960A1FD73" box="[837,973,529,556]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1954-08-05">5 Aug. 1954</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53460BDFD8A6773FD73" box="[987,1055,530,556]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">WDF</collectionCode>
); Bowman Ranch, Dwyer,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE534662DFD8A63A3FD0F" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1963-10-17">17 Oct. 1963</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE5346386FDAE6278FD0F" box="[224,276,566,592]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">RJL</collectionCode>
); Russell Ranch, Dwyer,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE5346152FDAE61A3FD0F" box="[564,719,566,592]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1962-08-27">27 Aug. 1962</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53461B9FDAE607FFD0F" box="[735,787,566,592]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">RJL</collectionCode>
); Dwyer, numerous records,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE534673DFDAE6665FD0F" box="[1115,1289,566,592]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">18 Aug.–8 Oct.</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE534667FFDAE6620FD0F" box="[1305,1356,566,592]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE534663EFDAE66FCFD0F" box="[1368,1424,566,592]" country="Turkmenistan" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12935" name="Desert Experiment Station of the W.I.R." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="Herbarium">REP</collectionCode>
); Glendo,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE534639EFDC26297FD2B" box="[248,507,601,628]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1957-08-20" valueMax="1957-09-11" valueMin="1957-08-20">20 Aug.–11 Sept. 1957</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE534616CFDC2612BFD2B" box="[522,583,602,628]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">DRT</collectionCode>
);
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB80AE534613DFDC261ABFD2B" box="[603,711,602,628]" name="Guernsey" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Guernsey</collectingCountry>
, Frederick Ranch,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE53460FAFDC167E1FD2B" box="[924,1165,601,628]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1960-08-25" valueMax="1960-09-09" valueMin="1960-08-25">25 Aug–9 Sept. 1960</date>
,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE53467FFFDC166F0FD2B" box="[1177,1436,601,628]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1962-08-15" valueMax="1962-09-13" valueMin="1962-08-15">15 Aug.–13 Sept. 1962</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53463F9FDE663BFFDC7" box="[159,211,638,664]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">RJL</collectionCode>
),
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE534638EFDE66214FDC7" box="[232,376,638,664]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1964-09-02">2 Sept. 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53462EEFDE662D7FDC7" box="[392,443,638,664]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53462A1FDE6616EFDC7" box="[455,514,638,664]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FRH</collectionCode>
); E flank of Laramie Peak, Laramie Mtns.,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE5346092FDE667E8FDC7" box="[1012,1156,638,664]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1964-09-03">3 Sept. 1964</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53467F2FDE667ABFDC7" box="[1172,1223,638,664]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">RJL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53467B5FDE66662FDC7" box="[1235,1294,638,664]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FRH</collectionCode>
); Wheatland Canyon,
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE5346399FD3962E1FDE3" box="[255,397,673,700]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1960-08-05">5 Aug. 1960</date>
(
<collectionCode id="99B0D8A9B80AE53462F9FD3A62BFFDE3" box="[415,467,674,700]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">RJL</collectionCode>
). Recorded from Wyoming by:
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE5346024FD3A670DFDE3" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S." box="[834,1121,673,700]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="992 - 996" refId="ref105187" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S. (1975) Ethology of Efferia frewingi (Diptera: Asilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, 992 - 996. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 68.6.992" type="journal article" year="1975">Dennis &amp; Lavigne [1975</bibRefCitation>
) (as prey of
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE534679CFD3A639BFDBF" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Proctacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milbertii">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE534679CFD3A639BFDBF" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Proctacanthus milbertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE534624BFD5E6144FDBF" baseAuthorityName="Dennis &amp; Lavigne" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[301,552,710,736]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Proctacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE534624BFD5E6144FDBF" box="[301,552,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Proctacanthus micans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)], (1976b) (pupal case; as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346003FD5E6778FDBF" authorityName="in Lavigne &amp; Holland" authorityYear="1969" box="[869,1044,710,736]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346003FD5E6778FDBF" box="[869,1044,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Efferia helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE5346756FD5E6675FDBF" author="Dennis, D. S. &amp; Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G." box="[1072,1305,710,736]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="71 - 84" refId="ref102466" refString="Dennis, D. S., Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G. (2009) Lepidoptera as prey of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) with unpublished records. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 11, 71 - 84." type="journal article" year="2009">
Dennis
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53467EFFD5F67A9FDBF" box="[1161,1221,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346628FD5E6382FC5B" authorityName="in Lavigne &amp; Holland" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346628FD5E6382FC5B" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Efferia helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE5346260FD726296FC5B" author="Geller-Grimm, F." box="[262,506,746,772]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref103221" refString="Geller-Grimm, F. (2018) Robber flies (Asilidae), database, catalog of species. Available from: http: / www. geller-grimm. de / catalog / species. htm (accessed 23 March 2018)" type="book" year="2018">Geller-Grimm (2018)</bibRefCitation>
; Lavigne (1964) (as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346187FD7260C9FC5B" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[737,933,746,772]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346187FD7260C9FC5B" box="[737,933,746,772]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Efferia bicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 1992 (as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346744FD7267A1FC5B" authorityName="in Lavigne &amp; Holland" authorityYear="1969" box="[1058,1229,746,772]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346744FD7267A1FC5B" box="[1058,1229,746,772]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Efferia helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE5346783FD72626EFC77" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="992 - 996" refId="ref105187" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S. (1975) Ethology of Efferia frewingi (Diptera: Asilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, 992 - 996. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 68.6.992" type="journal article" year="1975">Lavigne &amp; Dennis [1975</bibRefCitation>
) (as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE534625DFC966284FC77" authorityName="in Lavigne &amp; Holland" authorityYear="1969" box="[315,488,782,808]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE534625DFC966284FC77" box="[315,488,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Efferia helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; prey of
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346134FC966032FC77" baseAuthorityName="Wilcox" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[594,862,782,808]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Pogonioefferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346134FC966032FC77" box="[594,862,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pogonioefferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53460E9FC96672DFC77" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1966" box="[911,1089,782,808]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frewingi">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53460E9FC96672DFC77" box="[911,1089,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Efferia frewingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)], (1994) (as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53467B8FC9666E7FC77" authorityName="in Lavigne &amp; Holland" authorityYear="1969" box="[1246,1419,782,808]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53467B8FC9666E7FC77" box="[1246,1419,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Efferia helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE53463F1FCAA62D3FC12" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Holland, F. R." box="[151,447,818,845]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref105414" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Holland, F. R. (1969) Comparative behavior of eleven species of Wyoming robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae). University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph, 18, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1969">
Lavigne &amp;
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB80AE5346272FCAA6202FC13" box="[276,366,818,844]" name="Netherlands" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Holland</collectingCountry>
(1969)
</bibRefCitation>
(as
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE534628DFCAA61F3FC13" box="[491,671,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE534628DFCAA61F4FC13" authorityName="in Lavigne &amp; Holland" authorityYear="1969" box="[491,664,818,844]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">Efferia helenae</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
as prey of
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346070FCAB6747FC13" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1866" box="[790,1067,819,844]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Diogmites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustipennis">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346070FCAB6747FC13" box="[790,1067,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Diogmites angustipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE5346724FCAA6626FC12" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Pfadt, R. E." box="[1090,1354,818,845]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref105584" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Pfadt, R. E. (1966) Parasites and predators of Wyoming rangeland grasshoppers. University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph, 3, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1966">Lavigne &amp; Pfadt (1966)</bibRefCitation>
(grasshopper predator); Lavigne
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53462A2FCCF6290FC2F" box="[452,508,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
(1994) (as prey of
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53461B5FCCE6013FC2F" authorityName="in Lavigne &amp; Holland" authorityYear="1969" box="[723,895,854,880]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53461B5FCCE6013FC2F" box="[723,895,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Efferia helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB80AE53463A1FCE16012FB5F" blockId="40.[151,1437,277,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463A1FCE16240FCCB" bold="true" box="[199,300,889,916]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Habitat:</emphasis>
Douglas fir forest (clearings within the forest where shrubs and grasses are dominant), and gramaneedlegrass-wheatgrass and grama-buffalo grass vegetation
<typeStatus id="201AFECEB80AE5346055FC06601EFCE7" box="[819,882,926,952]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">types</typeStatus>
. Open rangeland, the Wheatland area is characterized by blue grama (
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53462E4FC5A613FFC83" baseAuthorityName="Lag. Wild. ex Kunth Griffiths" box="[386,595,962,988]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bouteloua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53462E4FC5A613FFC83" box="[386,595,962,988]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bouteloua gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), little bluestem [
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE534607BFC5A66F0FC83" authority="(Michx.) Nash var. scoparium" authorityName="Nash var. scoparium" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[797,1436,962,989]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schizachyrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="scoparium" variety="scoparium">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE534607BFC5A672CFC83" box="[797,1088,962,988]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Schizachyrium scoparium</emphasis>
(Michx.) Nash var.
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346640FC5B66F0FC83" box="[1318,1436,963,988]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">scoparium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53463C7FC7E6291FB5F" authority="Michx." authorityName="Michx." box="[161,509,997,1024]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scoparius">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463C7FC7E62F3FB5F" box="[161,415,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Andropogon scoparius</emphasis>
Michx.
</taxonomicName>
)], and yucca (
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53461FEFC7F601EFB5F" authority="Nutt." authorityName="Nutt." box="[664,882,998,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Yucca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53461FEFC7F6041FB5F" box="[664,813,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Yucca glauca</emphasis>
Nutt.
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB80AE53463A1FB92609FFB17" blockId="40.[151,1437,277,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463A1FB926250FB7B" bold="true" box="[199,316,1034,1060]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ethology:</emphasis>
Rests on and forages from ground, grass mat, and vegetation
<quantity id="3859ED89B80AE5346088FB926730FB7B" box="[1006,1116,1034,1060]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="36.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="12.0">12–60 cm</quantity>
above the ground (see Lavigne 1964 as
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346242FBB6629EFB17" box="[292,498,1070,1096]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346242FBB66287FB17" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[292,491,1070,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">Efferia bicaudata</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE534629FFBB6607EFB17" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Holland, F. R." box="[505,786,1070,1096]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref105414" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Holland, F. R. (1969) Comparative behavior of eleven species of Wyoming robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae). University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph, 18, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1969">
Lavigne &amp;
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB80AE534611FFBB661BFFB17" box="[633,723,1070,1096]" name="Netherlands" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Holland</collectingCountry>
1969
</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346051FBB6608FFB17" authorityName="in Lavigne &amp; Holland" authorityYear="1969" box="[823,995,1070,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346051FBB6608FFB17" box="[823,995,1070,1096]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Efferia helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF1E406CB80AE53463A1FBCA676EFA37" blockId="40.[151,1437,277,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463A1FBCA6264FB33" bold="true" box="[199,264,1106,1132]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Prey:</emphasis>
The following prey were collected
<quantity id="3859ED89B80AE53461CCFBCA6198FB33" box="[682,756,1106,1132]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
NW of Wheatland on
<date id="8B1F66ACB80AE5346767FBCA67CFFB33" box="[1025,1187,1106,1132]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1972-08-21">21 Aug. 1972</date>
:
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53467D7FBCA6646FB33" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1201,1322,1106,1132]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="order">DIPTERA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346651FBCA66F5FB33" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1335,1433,1106,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asilidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53463F1FBEE614CFBCE" authority="(Bromley)" authorityName="Bromley" baseAuthorityName="Bromley" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[151,544,1142,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Pogonioefferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463F1FBEE62F3FBCF" box="[151,415,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pogonioefferia helenae</emphasis>
(Bromley)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE534614AFBEE6004FBCF" authority="(Homoptera)" authorityName="Homoptera" baseAuthorityName="Heteroptera, Homoptera" box="[556,872,1142,1168]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">HEMIPTERA (Homoptera)</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346012FBEE6768FBCF" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[884,1028,1142,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadellidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346776FBEE6626FBCE" authority="(Fabricius)" authorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[1040,1354,1142,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cuerna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costalis">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346776FBEE67AFFBCF" box="[1040,1219,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cuerna costalis</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346630FBEE62C5FBEB" authority="Spangberg" authorityName="Spangberg" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gypona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanota">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346630FBEE6249FBEB" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Gypona melanota</emphasis>
Spangberg
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53462D1FB0261E2FBEB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[439,654,1178,1204]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">HYMENOPTERA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53461FDFB02607FFBEB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[667,787,1178,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphecidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346079FB0260E7FBEB" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1851" box="[799,907,1178,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Solierella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346079FB0260E7FBEB" box="[799,907,1178,1204]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Solierella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.;
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53460A3FB026758FBEB" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[965,1076,1178,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Tiphiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tiphiidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346727FB036608FBEB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1089,1380,1179,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Tiphiidae" genus="Myzinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquecinctum">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346727FB036608FBEB" box="[1089,1380,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Myzinum quinquecinctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(F.);
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53463F1FB2663B3FB87" authorityName="J.C.Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,223,1214,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Tiphiidae" genus="Tiphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53463F1FB2663B3FB87" box="[151,223,1214,1240]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tiphia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.;
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346278FB2662B4FB87" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[286,472,1214,1240]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">ORTHOPTERA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346280FB266135FB87" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[486,601,1214,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acrididae</taxonomicName>
: unidentified.
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346064FB2660D7FB87" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[770,955,1214,1240]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">COLEOPTERA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53460ADFB266728FB87" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[971,1092,1214,1240]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="order">DIPTERA</taxonomicName>
, HETEROPTERA, HOMOP- TERA,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346394FB7A62A5FBA3" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[242,457,1250,1276]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">HYMENOPTERA</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53462BEFB7A61FBFBA3" authorityName=", Unidentified" box="[472,663,1250,1276]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">LEPIDOPTERA</taxonomicName>
, NEUROPTERA, ODONATA,
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE534676FFB7A67D3FBA3" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[1033,1215,1250,1276]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">ORTHOPTERA</taxonomicName>
(see note under
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE53466EEFB7B626BFA7F" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE53466EEFB7B626BFA7F" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. bicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Most of the prey records in Lavigne (1964) as well as the biological observations refer to
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE534664EFA9F66F0FA7F" baseAuthorityName="Bromley" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1320,1436,1286,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Pogonioefferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE534664EFA9F66F0FA7F" box="[1320,1436,1286,1312]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
instead of
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346269FAB362F0FA1B" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[271,412,1322,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346269FAB362F0FA1B" box="[271,412,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. bicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see also
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE5346168FAB2618FFA1B" author="Dennis, D. S. &amp; Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G." box="[526,739,1322,1348]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="71 - 84" refId="ref102466" refString="Dennis, D. S., Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, J. G. (2009) Lepidoptera as prey of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) with unpublished records. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 11, 71 - 84." type="journal article" year="2009">
Dennis
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346100FAB361CCFA1B" box="[614,672,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE5346196FAB260E3FA1B" author="Lavigne, R. J." box="[752,911,1322,1348]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref104787" refString="Lavigne, R. J. (1992) Orthoptera as prey of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) - new records. Metalepta, 14, 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1992">Lavigne 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE53460FBFAB267DEFA1B" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S." box="[925,1202,1322,1348]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="131 - 139" refId="ref105239" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Dennis, D. S. (1994) New records of Coleoptera as prey for Asilidae (Diptera) in Wyoming and Colorado. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 48, 131 - 139." type="journal article" year="1994">Lavigne &amp; Dennis 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE53467D9FAB263BEFA37" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Holland, F. R." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref105414" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Holland, F. R. (1969) Comparative behavior of eleven species of Wyoming robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae). University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph, 18, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1969">
Lavigne &amp;
<collectingCountry id="87B600FCB80AE5346624FAB266F0FA1B" box="[1346,1436,1322,1348]" name="Netherlands" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Holland</collectingCountry>
1969
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE53463B8FAD662B7FA37" author="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Pfadt, R. E." box="[222,475,1358,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref105584" refString="Lavigne, R. J. &amp; Pfadt, R. E. (1966) Parasites and predators of Wyoming rangeland grasshoppers. University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph, 3, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1966">Lavigne &amp; Pfadt 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B303D9DB80AE5346280FAD66198FA37" author="Rogers, L. E. &amp; Lavigne, R. J." box="[486,756,1358,1384]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref107515" refString="Rogers, L. E. &amp; Lavigne, R. J. (1972) Asilidae of the Pawnee National Grasslands, in northeastern Colorado. University Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Science Monograph 25. University of Wyoming, University of Wyoming, Wyoming, 35 pp." type="book" year="1972">Rogers &amp; Lavigne 1972</bibRefCitation>
(all as
<taxonomicName id="38A13BEFB80AE5346020FAD6609EFA37" authorityName="in Lavigne &amp; Holland" authorityYear="1969" box="[838,1010,1358,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="CDD59C7EB80AE5346020FAD6609EFA37" box="[838,1010,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Efferia helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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