290 lines
46 KiB
XML
290 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="36C543063B4AC38DDF886EAE3D98AAB7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188361" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c8a960d-05a2-4e52-9d16-d8bae0fd0445" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461088732563" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wilts, Eike F., Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R. P. & Ahlrichs, Wilko H." docDate="2009" docId="03DAC45DD010FFC1FF68F885A526FF6D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02130p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2130" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pleurotrocha sigmoidea Skorikov 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFE3BC25D011FFC4FFFFFFECA715FF92" masterDocTitle="Comparison of the predatory rotifers Pleurotrocha petromyzon (Ehrenberg, 1830) and Pleurotrocha sigmoidea Skorikov, 1896 (Rotifera: Monogononta: Notommatidae) based on light and electron microscopic observations" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698588234236" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="312B294B9BA9D8E7144264898664550D">Comparison of the predatory rotifers Pleurotrocha petromyzon (Ehrenberg, 1830) and Pleurotrocha sigmoidea Skorikov, 1896 (Rotifera: Monogononta: Notommatidae) based on light and electron microscopic observations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="75FE7281C20CA46E650CD5412656B268">Wilts, Eike F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9FD3190559C95234CFDC7589681DE127">Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1982FCE3AD48FF56EE7F5DEF459380FC">Ahlrichs, Wilko H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2A8EA2B806E855AC3E0861F5E8C99FE1">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DAC45DD010FFC1FF68F885A526FF6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694442" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124907676" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694442" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DAC45DD010FFC1FF68F885A526FF6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DAC45DD010FFC1FF68F885A526FF6D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C36926C0D010FFC5FF68F885A458F811" box="[151,845,1897,1923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCC754BD010FFC5FF68F885A458F811" blockId="1.[151,845,1897,1923]" box="[151,845,1897,1923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D084C227D010FFC5FF68F885A458F811" bold="true" box="[151,845,1897,1923]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D010FFC5FF68F885A458F811" ID-CoL="77RWK" authority="Skorikov, 1896" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,845,1897,1923]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Notommatidae" genus="Pleurotrocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="sigmoidea">
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<emphasis id="B907A959D010FFC5FF68F885A458F811" bold="true" box="[151,845,1897,1923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B907A959D010FFC5FF68F885A6ADF811" bold="true" box="[151,440,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Pleurotrocha sigmoidea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE208BAD010FFC5FE40F885A56DF811" author="Skorikov" box="[447,632,1897,1923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="20" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1896) Rotateurs des environs de Kharkow. Travaux de la Societe de Naturalistes des Charkov, 30, 207 - 774." type="journal article" year="1896">Skorikov, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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(Notommatidae)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36926C0D010FFC5FF68F85FA6E2F878" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCC754BD010FFC5FF68F85FA6E2F878" blockId="1.[151,626,1971,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D010FFC5FF68F85FA567F858" ID-CoL="6VS8K" authority="Zavadowsky, 1926" authorityName="Zavadowsky" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,626,1971,1994]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Notommatidae" genus="Pleurotrocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="macropoda">
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<emphasis id="B907A959D010FFC5FF68F85FA6B6F858" box="[151,419,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Pleurotrocha macropoda</emphasis>
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Zavadowsky, 1926
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D010FFC5FF68F83FA6E2F878" authority="Fadeew, 1927" authorityName="Fadeew" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,503,2003,2026]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Proalidae" genus="Proales" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="sigmoidea">
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<emphasis id="B907A959D010FFC5FF68F83FA648F878" box="[151,349,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Proales sigmoidea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE208BAD010FFC5FE9BF83FA6E2F878" author="Fadeew" box="[356,503,2003,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" refString="Fadeew, N. N. (1927) Materiaux pour la connaissance de la faune des rotiferes del´U. R. S. S. Travaux de la Societe des Naturalistes de Charkov, 50, 141 - 155." type="journal article" year="1927">Fadeew, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36926C0D013FFC7FF68FF7BA551FDA6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCC754BD013FFC6FF68FF7BA6C1FEDE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B907A959D013FFC6FF68FF7BA60EFF23" bold="true" box="[151,283,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Species with bulbous body; toes short and conical; cerebral ganglion with small retrocerebral organ (less than half of head length), apical field of corona with palp-like ciliary tufts; pedal glands as long as foot; virgate trophi; triangular rami with pointed alulae; manubria with a small, lateral, knob-like protuberance; crescentic unci with 2 large and several minor uncinal teeth; fulcrum dorsoventrally expanded and terminally broadening.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC754BD013FFC6FF39FEB5A42DFEE1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,371]" box="[198,824,345,371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">General body organization of parthenogenetic female</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0C25C3D013FFC6FF68F8ACA3A8F8E8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BCC754BD013FFC6FF68F8ACA3A8F8E8" blockId="2.[151,1436,1856,1914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B907A959D013FFC6FF68F8ACA60FF8CA" bold="true" box="[151,282,1856,1880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D013FFC6FEDEF8ADA531F8CA" box="[289,548,1857,1880]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Notommatidae" genus="Pleurotrocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="sigmoidea">
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<emphasis id="B907A959D013FFC6FEDEF8ADA531F8CA" box="[289,548,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pleurotrocha sigmoidea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BCC754BD013FFC7FF39F844A551FDA6" blockId="2.[151,1436,1960,2025]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1956]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B907A959D013FFC6FF39F844A63FF850" bold="true" box="[198,298,1960,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Habitus</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134869CED013FFC6FEC3F845A693F851" box="[316,390,1961,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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A, B; 2A–C, 3A–E). Body bulbous and hyaline, divided into 3 distinct regions: head, trunk and foot with toes. Epidermis hardly stiffened, with smooth surface. Head short, sloped, contractile and offset from trunk by neck fold. Corona coursing from apical to ventral head region, characterized by a dense pseudotrochus composed of locomotory cilia. Pseudotrochus interrupted dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FBA3FF52A3B5FF4A" box="[1116,1184,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[249,1337,296,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[249,1338,290,1908]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea and its prey. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D. frontal view. E. corona in frontal view. F. prey (Vorticella campanula). ct ciliary tuft, la lateral antenna, ro retrocerebral organ opening. Arrow (epidermal projection shielding the mouth region)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188364/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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E), merging ventrally with cilia field leading to mouth opening. A pair of lobe-like epidermal projections (
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<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FB6AFF09A3C9FF6D" box="[1173,1244,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[249,1337,296,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[249,1338,290,1908]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea and its prey. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D. frontal view. E. corona in frontal view. F. prey (Vorticella campanula). ct ciliary tuft, la lateral antenna, ro retrocerebral organ opening. Arrow (epidermal projection shielding the mouth region)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188364/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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C) limits mouth opening post-orally. Locomotory cilia enclosing an apical field that bears a pair of long, palp-like tufts composed of fused cilia, with a pair of shorter ciliary tufts above openings of retrocerebral organ (
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<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FACEFEDEA26CFEDE" box="[1329,1401,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[249,1337,296,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[249,1338,290,1908]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea and its prey. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D. frontal view. E. corona in frontal view. F. prey (Vorticella campanula). ct ciliary tuft, la lateral antenna, ro retrocerebral organ opening. Arrow (epidermal projection shielding the mouth region)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188364/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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E). Center of apical field shows additional short cilia arranged along an inverted, U-shaped fold (
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<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FB1AFEB5A23FFEE1" box="[1253,1322,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[249,1337,296,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[249,1338,290,1908]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea and its prey. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D. frontal view. E. corona in frontal view. F. prey (Vorticella campanula). ct ciliary tuft, la lateral antenna, ro retrocerebral organ opening. Arrow (epidermal projection shielding the mouth region)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188364/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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E). Trunk bulbous, arched dorsally, composed of 3 pseudosegments and forms ovate outline in dorsal view. First pseudosegment comprises most of trunk; it is followed by a narrower, shorter lumbar pseudosegment and finally by a preanal pseudosegment (
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<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FDA7FE21A5B4FE75" box="[600,673,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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A, B). Foot massive, tapering gradually, divided into 2 almost equal-sized pseudosegments with 2 short, pointed, conical toes distally. During swimming, foot is caudally directed. Foot and toes are retractile.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36926C0D012FFC1FF39FDACA526FF6D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCC754BD012FFC7FF39FDACA597FD64" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B907A959D012FFC7FF39FDACA683FDC8" bold="true" box="[198,406,576,602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Digestive system</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FE57FDADA6E5FDC9" box="[424,496,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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A, B; 2A, C). Mouth opening in ventral part of corona leads to short, slender, ciliated buccal tube that discharges ventrally to spherical mastax. Oesophagus diverges dorsally from first third of mastax (
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<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FE9BFD62A6BFFD3A" box="[356,426,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A). Stomach multicellular, with large, yellow-brownish, egg-shaped droplets, and occupies one-third of trunk (
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<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FDFBFD59A558FD5D" box="[516,589,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A, 2A). Ciliated intestine offset from the stomach (
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<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FB21FD59A239FD5D" box="[1246,1324,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,254,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[173,1412,194,1442]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,194,1442]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light-microscope images of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, head of adult female. B, juvenile among Vorticella aggregation. C, adult female. bl bladder, br brain, eg egg, gv germovitellarium, in intestine, ld lipid droplets, mx mastax, pgl pedal glands, rco rectrocerebral organ, st stomach, sgl salivary gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188363/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C). Anus discharges below preanal pseudosegment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC754BD012FFC7FF39FCEEA49AFCD1" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B907A959D012FFC7FF39FCEEA60CFC8E" bold="true" box="[198,281,770,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Trophi</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FECAFCEEA693FC8E" box="[309,390,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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C, D, 4A–D). Virgate
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<typeStatus id="54C8CBE9D012FFC7FD4AFCEEA5FFFC8E" box="[693,746,770,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
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, bilaterally symmetrical with fulcrum residing in the longitudinal axis of the body. Trophi elements appear as follows:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC754BD012FFC7FF39FCBCA4A3FB96" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D012FFC7FF39FCBCA611FCFB" box="[198,260,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rami</emphasis>
|
||
. Stout and triangular in ventral view, curved upwards anteriorly in a sickle-shaped bend, inner margins provided with small denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FD72FC9AA5C3FC02" box="[653,726,886,912]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Ramus subbasal and basal chambers exhibit distinct openings with the large, oval ramus foramen subbasalis directed ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FBFFFC71A353FC25" box="[1024,1094,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D, 4A) and circular ramus foramen basalis pointing caudodorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FD5BFC28A5EFFC4C" box="[676,762,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 4B). Basal rami chambers provided with slender, acuminate alulae distally; space between rami forms a convex bowl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC754BD012FFC7FF39FBFDA4AEFBEA" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D012FFC7FF39FBFDA63EFBB8" box="[198,299,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fulcrum</emphasis>
|
||
. Long, rod-shaped and slender in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FC9AFBFDA4B8FBB9" box="[869,941,1041,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1291,1315]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,194,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[249,1338,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of the trophi of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, ventral view. B, dorsal view. C, lateral view. D, laterofrontal view. al alula, ca cauda, cl clava, fu fulcrum, man manubrium, odmc opening of dorsal manubrial chamber, ommc opening of median manubrial chamber, ovmc opening of ventral manubrial chamber, rbc ramus basal chamber, rfb ramus foramen basalis, rfsb ramus foramen subbasalis, rsbc ramus subbasal chamber, un uncus. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188365/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A). In lateral view high, with longitudinal striae, expanding distally into a stamp-like plate characterized by a bunchy surface, margins arched upwards and a diagonal orientation to the longitudinal fulcrum axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FCAFFBB2A482FBEA" box="[848,919,1118,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1291,1315]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,194,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[249,1338,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of the trophi of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, ventral view. B, dorsal view. C, lateral view. D, laterofrontal view. al alula, ca cauda, cl clava, fu fulcrum, man manubrium, odmc opening of dorsal manubrial chamber, ommc opening of median manubrial chamber, ovmc opening of ventral manubrial chamber, rbc ramus basal chamber, rfb ramus foramen basalis, rfsb ramus foramen subbasalis, rsbc ramus subbasal chamber, un uncus. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188365/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC754BD012FFC7FF39FB69A3A1FB54" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D012FFC7FF39FB69A7EAFB0C" box="[198,255,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Unci</emphasis>
|
||
. Bent, crescent-shaped plates, with 2 distinct ventral teeth and 3 very small median teeth. Some additional reduced teeth recognizable only by series of denticles and jugal lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FBB7FB40A39AFB54" box="[1096,1167,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1291,1315]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,194,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[249,1338,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of the trophi of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, ventral view. B, dorsal view. C, lateral view. D, laterofrontal view. al alula, ca cauda, cl clava, fu fulcrum, man manubrium, odmc opening of dorsal manubrial chamber, ommc opening of median manubrial chamber, ovmc opening of ventral manubrial chamber, rbc ramus basal chamber, rfb ramus foramen basalis, rfsb ramus foramen subbasalis, rsbc ramus subbasal chamber, un uncus. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188365/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC754BD012FFC7FF39FB3FA6A7FA46" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D012FFC7FF39FB3FA62EFB7E" box="[198,315,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Manubria</emphasis>
|
||
. Taper gradually from broad basal clava to distal end of long, rod-shaped cauda. Clava composed of 3 chambers that are not clearly distinguishable in detail but show distinct openings. Ventral manubrial chamber shows elongate, ventrally directed opening. It features a small, knob-like projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FA97FACCA7B6FAF2" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D, 4A, B) situated ventrolateral to longitudinal middle of manubrium. Median manubrial chamber constitutes largest part of clava and also forms long cauda. Its opening lies above projection of ventral manubrial chamber and is ventrolaterally directed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FCF3FA78A443FA3C" box="[780,854,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 4C). Small dorsal manubrial chamber opens dorsolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FEB7FA56A685FA46" box="[328,400,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1291,1315]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,194,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[249,1338,194,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of the trophi of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, ventral view. B, dorsal view. C, lateral view. D, laterofrontal view. al alula, ca cauda, cl clava, fu fulcrum, man manubrium, odmc opening of dorsal manubrial chamber, ommc opening of median manubrial chamber, ovmc opening of ventral manubrial chamber, rbc ramus basal chamber, rfb ramus foramen basalis, rfsb ramus foramen subbasalis, rsbc ramus subbasal chamber, un uncus. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188365/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC754BD012FFC7FF39FA0CA3C7F9FD" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D012FFC7FF39FA0CA588FA68" bold="true" box="[198,669,1504,1530]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nervous system and sensory organs.</emphasis>
|
||
Cerebral ganglion rounded, very small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FB6AFA0DA3F4FA69" box="[1173,1249,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 2A). Dorsal antenna consists of several cilia encircled by flat, rounded collar; located on head in front of neck fold (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FA93F9E4A7B3F9DA" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[249,1337,296,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[249,1338,290,1908]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea and its prey. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D. frontal view. E. corona in frontal view. F. prey (Vorticella campanula). ct ciliary tuft, la lateral antenna, ro retrocerebral organ opening. Arrow (epidermal projection shielding the mouth region)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188364/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Lateral antennae lying dorsolaterally in posterior third of trunk; cilia surrounded by flat, rounded collar. Two pairs of ciliary tufts with possible sensory function arranged apically on head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FB95F9B9A3BAF9FD" box="[1130,1199,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[249,1337,296,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[249,1338,290,1908]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea and its prey. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D. frontal view. E. corona in frontal view. F. prey (Vorticella campanula). ct ciliary tuft, la lateral antenna, ro retrocerebral organ opening. Arrow (epidermal projection shielding the mouth region)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188364/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC754BD012FFC7FF39F997A6CBF8A2" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D012FFC7FF39F997A6B1F907" bold="true" box="[198,420,1659,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Glandular system</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FE4AF990A6E9F904" box="[437,508,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, 2A). Retrocerebral organ a dark Y-shaped duct located posterior to brain (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FF5FF94EA7F1F92E" box="[160,228,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B); in some specimens, only the duct is visible with light microscopy. A pair of large, kidney-shaped salivary glands resides in mastax complex. Both gastric glands possess 5 nuclei, are cauliflower-shaped and diverge anteriorly from stomach with short stalks. Pedal glands as long as foot, with terminally constricted mucus reservoir above toes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC754BD012FFC7FF39F8D1A686F836" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D012FFC7FF39F8D1A6E7F8C5" bold="true" box="[198,498,1853,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Protonephridial system.</emphasis>
|
||
Paired protonephridia with distinct terminal organs (exact number and position not documented), opening into contractile bladder (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED012FFC7FD08F888A42AF8EC" box="[759,831,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, 2C) that in turn empties into terminal part of the intestine (cloaca).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0C25C3D015FFC0FF68FA56A4B2F985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188363/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[173,1412,194,1442]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC754BD015FFC0FF68FA56A4B2F985" blockId="4.[151,1436,1466,1559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FF68FA56A60DFA40" bold="true" box="[151,280,1466,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Light-microscope images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D015FFC0FDACFA56A446FA43" box="[595,851,1466,1489]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Notommatidae" genus="Pleurotrocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="sigmoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FDACFA56A446FA43" box="[595,851,1466,1489]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pleurotrocha sigmoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, head of adult female. B, juvenile among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D015FFC0FACBFA56A289FA43" box="[1332,1436,1466,1489]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Vorticellidae" genus="Vorticella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FACBFA56A289FA43" box="[1332,1436,1466,1489]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vorticella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aggregation. C, adult female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FE2EFA30A6FDFA66" bold="true" box="[465,488,1500,1524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bl</emphasis>
|
||
bladder,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FDB6FA30A576FA66" bold="true" box="[585,611,1500,1524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">br</emphasis>
|
||
brain,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FD52FA30A5D3FA66" bold="true" box="[685,710,1500,1524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">eg</emphasis>
|
||
egg,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FCFFFA30A40EFA66" bold="true" box="[768,795,1500,1524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">gv</emphasis>
|
||
germovitellarium,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FC19FA30A4E9FA66" bold="true" box="[998,1020,1500,1524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">in</emphasis>
|
||
intestine,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FB95FA30A395FA66" bold="true" box="[1130,1152,1500,1524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ld</emphasis>
|
||
lipid droplets,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FADFFA30A251FA66" bold="true" box="[1312,1348,1500,1524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">mx</emphasis>
|
||
mastax,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FF68FA13A7AEF985" bold="true" box="[151,187,1535,1559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pgl</emphasis>
|
||
pedal glands,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FEABFA13A66DF985" bold="true" box="[340,376,1535,1559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">rco</emphasis>
|
||
rectrocerebral organ,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FD9BFA13A56DF985" bold="true" box="[612,632,1535,1559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">st</emphasis>
|
||
stomach,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FD1BFA13A416F985" bold="true" box="[740,771,1535,1559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sgl</emphasis>
|
||
salivary gland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC754BD015FFC0FF39F9A9A57BF914" blockId="4.[151,1437,1605,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FF39F9A9A6DEF9CD" bold="true" box="[198,459,1605,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Reproductive system</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED015FFC0FE25F9A9A535F9CD" box="[474,544,1605,1631]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[253,1322,441,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[238,1349,429,1831]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pleurotrocha sigmoidea. A, habitus in lateral view. B, habitus in dorsal view. C, trophi in ventral view. D, trophi in lateral view. Arrow (projection of ventral manubrial chamber), arrow head (gap of ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188362/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, 2A, B): Germovitellarium unpaired, eight-nucleated, in ventral region of trunk; a large, dark egg often present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC754BD015FFC0FF39F97EA48EF968" blockId="4.[151,1437,1605,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FF39F97EA690F93E" bold="true" box="[198,389,1682,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Total length 300–310 µm, maximum dorsoventral extent 108–121 µm, maximum width 124–132 µm, foot length 60 µm, toe length 20 µm, trophi length 35 µm, ramus length 22 µm, manubrium length 32 µm, manubrium width 8 µm, fulcrum length 19–23 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC754BD015FFC1FF39F8EAA526FF6D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1605,2018]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1435,152,255]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FF39F8EAA63AF8B2" bold="true" box="[198,303,1798,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is limnosaprobic and uncommon, occurring in stagnant or running fresh waters in colder seasons. It has been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36435DBD015FFC0FD62F8C1A41BF8D5" box="[669,782,1837,1863]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE208BAD015FFC0FCE0F8C1A4A4F8D5" author="Koste" box="[799,945,1837,1863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="Koste, W. (1968) Uber Proales sigmoidea (Skorikow, 1896) (eine fur Mitteleuropa neue Art) und Proales daphnicola (Thompson, 1892). Archiv fur Hydrobi ologie, 65, 240 - 245." type="journal article" year="1968">Koste 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36435DBD015FFC0FC36F8C1A309F8D5" box="[969,1052,1837,1863]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE208BAD015FFC0FBD2F8C1A221F8D5" author="De" box="[1069,1332,1837,1863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="De Beauchamp, P. (1948) Sur deux especes de Proales (Rotiferes). Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 73, 136 - 140." type="journal article" year="1948">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36435DBD015FFC0FBD2F8C1A347F8D5" box="[1069,1106,1837,1863]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Beauchamp 1948
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36435DBD015FFC0FAB4F8C1A288F8D5" box="[1355,1437,1837,1863]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE208BAD015FFC0FF60F8B8A649F8FC" author="Skorikov" box="[159,348,1876,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" refString="Skorikov, A. S. (1896) Rotateurs des environs de Kharkow. Travaux de la Societe de Naturalistes des Charkov, 30, 207 - 774." type="journal article" year="1896">Skorikov 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36435DBD015FFC0FE8DF8B8A6DBF8FC" box="[370,462,1876,1902]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE208BAD015FFC0FE20F8B8A586F8FC" author="De" box="[479,659,1876,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="De Smet, W. H. (1996) Rotifera. Volume 4. The Proalidae (Monogononta). In: Nogrady, T. & Dumont, H. J. (Eds), Guides to the Identification of the Microinvertebrates of the Continental Waters of the World, 9. SBP Academic Publishing b. v. Amsterdam, New York, 102 pp." type="book" year="1996">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36435DBD015FFC0FE20F8B8A511F8FC" box="[479,516,1876,1902]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Smet 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36435DBD015FFC0FD26F8B8A42AF8FC" box="[729,831,1876,1902]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE208BAD015FFC0FCAFF8B8A3AFF8FC" author="Reiss" box="[848,1210,1876,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" refString="Reiss, J. & Schmid-Araya, J. M. (2008) Existing in plenty: abundance, biomass and diversity of ciliates and meiofauna in small streams. Freshwater Biology, 53, 652 - 668." type="journal article" year="2008">Reiss & Schmid-Araya 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It lives solitarily among degraded macrophytes or between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D015FFC0FD6DF897A5F6F806" box="[658,739,1915,1940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lemna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FD6DF897A5F6F806" box="[658,739,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lemna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on colonies of large sessile ciliates (especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D015FFC0FAE1F897A287F806" box="[1310,1426,1915,1940]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Vorticellidae" genus="Vorticella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D015FFC0FAE1F897A287F806" box="[1310,1426,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vorticella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED015FFC0FF5FF84DA7F2F829" box="[160,231,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[249,1337,296,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[249,1338,290,1908]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea and its prey. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D. frontal view. E. corona in frontal view. F. prey (Vorticella campanula). ct ciliary tuft, la lateral antenna, ro retrocerebral organ opening. Arrow (epidermal projection shielding the mouth region)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188364/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F) that it feeds on. The ciliates are relatively large in comparison to the small mouth opening of the rotifers (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="134869CED015FFC0FE8DF824A6A9F870" box="[370,444,1992,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[249,1337,296,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[249,1338,290,1908]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. SEM images of Pleurotrocha sigmoidea and its prey. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D. frontal view. E. corona in frontal view. F. prey (Vorticella campanula). ct ciliary tuft, la lateral antenna, ro retrocerebral organ opening. Arrow (epidermal projection shielding the mouth region)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188364/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E and 3F) and are eaten in parts.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE208BAD015FFC0FCAAF824A37DF870" box="[853,1128,1992,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refString="De Beauchamp, P. (1948) Sur deux especes de Proales (Rotiferes). Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 73, 136 - 140." type="journal article">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36435DBD015FFC0FCAAF824A46DF870" box="[853,888,1992,2018]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Beauchamp (1948)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reported the species living on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D014FFC1FEF8FF74A508FF23" box="[263,541,152,177]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Campanella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="umbellaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D014FFC1FEF8FF74A508FF23" box="[263,541,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Campanella umbellaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It appears that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D014FFC1FD26FF74A478FF23" box="[729,877,152,177]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Notommatidae" genus="Pleurotrocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="sigmoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D014FFC1FD26FF74A478FF23" box="[729,877,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. sigmoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a preference for larger ciliates and does not switch to other prey. Because of its rare appearance, however, and uncommon field observations,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C730EC8D014FFC1FAF8FF53A28EFF4A" box="[1287,1435,191,216]" class="Eurotatoria" family="Notommatidae" genus="Pleurotrocha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ploima" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Rotifera" rank="species" species="sigmoidea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907A959D014FFC1FAF8FF53A28EFF4A" box="[1287,1435,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. sigmoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have a broader prey spectrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |