193 lines
38 KiB
XML
193 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="73C14CC1C281D42E760AD7A1919B410B" ID-CLB-Dataset="25953" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3373655" ID-GBIF-Dataset="13768a43-2509-4113-8b9a-70f87ac541a8" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3373655" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1566390084439" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Carr, T. D. & Williamson, T. E." docDate="2000" docId="03BB5A05EA43FFE7F2A6FB2C05AAA087" docLanguage="en" docName="CarrWilliamson2000Tyrannorauridae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 17" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tyrannosauridae Osborn 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="FF82227DEA57FFF2F408FF82043AAA50" masterDocTitle="A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria) from New Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="146" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1698752044265" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ABEE525C8C0497B4F071AAAA5F055C60">A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria) from New Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AB782B80F3786FB798C8543F8101F11A">Carr, T. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="556656181DB1B6B0FE14B0A039D30EB2">Williamson, T. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A49B560330CA3B217D9C0F363DC90D97">New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0278E9F9800C641D0118A28E06C6AD86">
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<mods:date id="03451B9DA9789570B2732176295531A4">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4CD7E2E90533A6D6AE335E680AD03E61" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="8CF3E925ABD04EF8DB9955C19B80F2B5">2000-01-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B388BF1D50DF6140BF6C21DFB5578288">17</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AEFEB220EB8248F29E0BFBAACEF115A9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3373655</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB5A05EA43FFE7F2A6FB2C05AAA087" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3483116" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190642200" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3483116" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB5A05EA43FFE7F2A6FB2C05AAA087" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB5A05EA43FFE7F2A6FB2C05AAA087" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
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<subSubSection id="C308B898EA43FFE7F2A6FB2C0587AF8E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA43FFE6F2A6FB2C03D1AE98" blockId="20.[1710,2027,1196,1225]" box="[1710,2027,1196,1225]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Late Maastrichtian</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA43FFE6F196FB73026AAFA2" blockId="20.[1337,2400,1263,2654]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
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Several tyrannosaurids have been documented in Late Maastrichtian sediments of western North America, including
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F131FACA031AAF35" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1337,1824,1352,1390]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cf. a. mirandus">Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F349FAC50D72AF34" author="Molnar, R. E. & Carpenter, K." box="[1857,2376,1351,1390]" firstAuthor="Molnar" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="445 - 454" part="22" refId="ref18439" refString="Molnar, R. E. and Carpenter, K., 1989, The Iordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon: Geobios, v. 22, p. 445 - 454." title="The Iordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon" type="journal article" year="1989">Molnar and Carpenter, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F132FAF603B4AFC7" authority="(Molnar, 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Molnar" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1338,1934,1396,1432]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancensis">
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Albertosaurus lancensis (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F2BBFAF603B8AFC0" author="Molnar, R. E." box="[1715,1922,1396,1432]" firstAuthor="Molnar" journalOrPublisher="Iournal of Paleontology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="102 - 108" part="54" refId="ref18406" refString="Molnar, R. E., 1980, An albertosaur from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana: Iournal of Paleontology, v. 54, p. 102 - 108." title="An albertosaur from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana" type="book chapter" year="1980">Molnar, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F3B1FAF10D72AFC0" authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[1977,2376,1395,1434]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megagracilis">
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A. megagracilis
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6FCADFAF10D72AFC0" author="Paul, G. S." bookContentInfo="464 p." box="[2213,2376,1395,1429]" firstAuthor="Paul" journalOrPublisher="Simon and Schuster, New York" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" refId="ref18768" refString="Paul, G. S., 1988, Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: AComplete Illustrated Guide. Simon and Schuster, New York, 464 p." title="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: AComplete Illustrated Guide" type="book" year="1988">Paul, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F18CFA2203A6AF92" authority="(Osborn, 1905)" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1412,1948,1439,1478]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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Tyrannosaurus rex (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F2B1FA2203AAAFEC" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[1721,1936,1440,1475]" firstAuthor="Osborn" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="259 - 265" part="21" refId="ref18545" refString="Osborn, H. F., 1905, Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 21, p. 259 - 265." title="Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs" type="book chapter" year="1905">Osborn, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. All but
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6FC25FA220CBBAFEB" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2093,2177,1440,1467]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
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are problematic assignments.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA43FFE6F194FA740D35A2F1" blockId="20.[1337,2400,1263,2654]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F194FA740324AC43" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1436,1822,1526,1565]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">Aublysodon mirandus</taxonomicName>
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was the name restricted to a nondenticulate premaxillary tooth by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F3B2F9A00CA8AC15" author="Marsh, O. C." box="[1978,2194,1570,1606]" firstAuthor="Marsh" journalOrPublisher="American Iournal of Science" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="449 - 453" part="43" refId="ref18292" refString="Marsh, O. C., 1892, Notice of new reptiles from the Laramie Formation; American Iournal of Science, v. 43, p. 449 - 453." title="Notice of new reptiles from the Laramie Formation" type="journal article" year="1892">Marsh (1892)</bibRefCitation>
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included in the type series of
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F26DF9CC0C5EAC21" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" box="[1637,2148,1613,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Deinodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horridus">
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Deinodon horridus (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F3A9F9CC0C61AC3A" author="Leidy, J." box="[1953,2139,1614,1652]" firstAuthor="Leidy" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="72 - 73" part="8" refId="ref17997" refString="Leidy, J., 1856, Notice of remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory; Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, ' v. 8, p. 72 - 73." title="Notice of remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory" type="journal article" year="1856">Leidy, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6FD2DF9CC01D5ACCD" author="Osborn, H. F." firstAuthor="Osborn" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="259 - 265" part="21" refId="ref18545" refString="Osborn, H. F., 1905, Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 21, p. 259 - 265." title="Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs" type="book chapter" year="1905">Osborn (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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abandoned
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F2BFF9FB0356ACCF" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1719,1900,1657,1695]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F377F9FB0CB1ACCC" author="Carpenter, K." box="[1919,2187,1657,1695]" firstAuthor="Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="University of Wyoming, Contributions in Geology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="123 - 134" part="20" refId="ref16427" refString="Carpenter, K., 1982, Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod: University of Wyoming, Contributions in Geology, v. 20, p. 123 - 134." title="Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod" type="book" year="1982">Carpenter (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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rediagnosed
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F132F92602BEAC91" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1338,1668,1700,1738]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">Aublysodon mirandus</taxonomicName>
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based on new teeth collected in Lancian sediments of Wyoming. Since then, one partial skull (
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<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6FC71F9520D6AACBD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372306" box="[2169,2384,1744,1773]" collectionCode="LACM" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/Display.php?irn=1032652&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2F&BackRef=ResultsList.php " pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="LACM 28471">LACM 28471</materialsCitation>
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) from late Maastrichtian beds of Montana has been referred to
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F132F8A502D1AD14" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1338,1771,1831,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cf. a. mirandus">Aublysodon cf. A. mirandus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F322F8A50D33AD1B" author="Molnar, R. E. & Carpenter, K." box="[1834,2313,1831,1870]" firstAuthor="Molnar" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="445 - 454" part="22" refId="ref18439" refString="Molnar, R. E. and Carpenter, K., 1989, The Iordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon: Geobios, v. 22, p. 445 - 454." title="The Iordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon" type="journal article" year="1989">Molnar and Carpenter (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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who expanded the diagnosis of the taxon to include skeletal material for the first time. Later,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F2CCF8FD0C89ADF2" author="Lehman, T. M. & K. Carpenter" box="[1732,2227,1918,1958]" firstAuthor="Lehman" journalOrPublisher="Iournal of Paleontology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="1026 - 1032" part="64" refId="ref17955" refString="Lehman, T. M. and K. Carpenter, 1990, A partial skeleton of the tyrannosaurid dinosaurAublysadan from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico: Iournal of Paleontology, v. 64, p. 1026 - 1032." title="A partial skeleton of the tyrannosaurid dinosaurAublysadan from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1990">Lehman and Carpenter (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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referred a partial skeleton (OMNH 10131;
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<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F34EF82E0395AD97" box="[1862,1967,1963,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Daspletosaurus sp. (OMNH 10131) from the upper Fruitland or Kirtland (exclusive of Naashoibito Member) formations. Left postorbital in A, lateral, B, caudal, C, medial, and D, dorsal views; frontoparietal region in E, dorsal, F, ventral, G, right lateral, and H, rostral views; partial left dentary in I, lateral, and I, medial views; left femur in K, proximal, L, rostral, M, medial, N, caudal, and O, lateral views; right femur in P, proximal, Q, rostral, R, medial, S, lateral, and T, caudal views; distal half of right tibia in U, rostral, V, medial, W, lateral, and X, caudal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373665/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[349,2270,320,2766]" targetPageId="6">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F3CAF82E0C23AD97" box="[1986,2073,1964,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Daspletosaurus sp. (ONINH 10131) from the upper Fruitland or Kirtland (exclusive of Naashoibito Member) formations. Right metatarsal H in A, rostral, D, distal, E, lateral, G, caudal, and I, medial views; right metatarsal HI in B, rostral, C, distal, F, lateral, and I JI, medial views; K, various ribs in rostral and caudal views. L-Q NMIVINH P250891, indeterminate tyrannosaurid femur from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation in L, rostral, M, medial, N, proximal, O, caudal, P, distal, and Q, lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373667/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[339,2256,350,2803]" targetPageId="7">6A-K</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6FC24F82E0CBCAD9C" box="[2092,2182,1963,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tyrannosaurid skull bones. A-I, Daspletosaurus sp. (OMNH 10131), with left postorbital in A, lateral, B, dorsal, and C, caudal views; frontoparietal region in D, dorsal, E, ventral, F, right lateral, and G, left lateral views; and left dentary in H, medial and I, lateral views. I-M, Tyrannosaurus rex (NMMNH P-3698), with vomerine process of rightpalatine in], medial, and L, lateral views; and basal portion in K, medial and M, lateral views. Scale bars equal 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373675/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[227,2413,225,3029]" targetPageId="12">10A-I</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6FC91F8290D3DAD9C" box="[2201,2311,1963,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of tyrannosaurid femora. A-F, P-22976, right femur in A, lateral, B, medial, C, rostral, D, caudal, E, proximal, and F, distal views. G-L, P—25083, right femur in G, lateral, H, medial, I, rostral, I, caudal, K, proximal, and L, distal views. M-U, OMNH 10131, right femur in M, lateral, O, medial, Q, roslral, S, caudal, and V, proximal views; left femur in N, lateral, P, medial, R, rostral, T, caudal, and U, proximal views. Scale bar equals 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373679/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[138,2329,242,3050]" targetPageId="15">11M-U</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6FD12F82E0172ADA2" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of tyrannosaurid tibiae. A-E NMMNH P-25085, right tibia in A, lateral, B, medial, C, rostral, D, caudal, and E, proximal views. F-I OMNH 10131, distal end of right tibia in F, rostral, G, caudal, H, lateral, and I medial views. Scale bar equals 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373677/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[224,2404,239,2082]" targetPageId="16">12F- I</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F152F85A0188ADA9" box="[1370,1458,2007,2042]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionText="FIGURE 13. Comparison of tyrannosaurid metatarsals. A-J, OMNH 10131, right metatarsal II in A, rostral, C, caudal, E, medial, G, lateral, and J, distal views; metatarsal III in B, rostral, D, caudal, F, medial, H, lateral, and I distal views. K-O, NMMNH P—25049, right metatarsus in K, rostral, L, lateral, M caudal N medial and O, distal views. Scale bars in I and J equal 5 cm, all others equal 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373681/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[150,2348,231,2615]" targetPageId="17">13A- J</figureCitation>
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) from late Campanian strata of New Mexico to
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6FCA3F8540211A273" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cf. a. mirandus">Aublysodon cf. A. mirnndus</taxonomicName>
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, and expanded the skeletal diagnosis. As demonstrated above, the latter specimen is referable to
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6FC64F7AF0D6EA203" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Carr and Williamson" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[2156,2388,2093,2131]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
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. The referral of the skeletal material to
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F3CDF7DB0C43A22F" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1989,2169,2137,2175]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
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in both cases was based on associated nondenticulate premaxillary teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA43FFE7F197F7330587AF8E" blockId="20.[1337,2400,1263,2654]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1218,1428,3037]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
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More recently,
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F29AF7320372A286" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1682,1864,2224,2262]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
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teeth have been documented by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F135F75E0253A2AF" author="Currie, PJ & Rigby, JK. Jr. & Sloan, RE" box="[1341,1641,2268,2303]" editor="Carpenter, K. & Currie, PJ." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Currie" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Cambridge University Press" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref16971" refString="Currie, PJ., Rigby, JK. Jr. and Sloan, RE., 1990, Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation; in Carpenter, K. and Currie, PJ., eds., Dinosaur Systematics: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 107 - 125." title="Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Dinosaur Systematics" year="1990">Currie et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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from the Dinosaur Park Formation. They also note identical teeth from the Iren Dabasu Formation in the People's Republic of China that might be derived from
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6FC1CF6B00CDEA31E" authority="Gilmore, 1933" authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1933" box="[2068,2276,2354,2382]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Alectrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Alectrosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6FCFEF6B001DCA32B" author="Currie, PJ & Rigby, JK. Jr. & Sloan, RE" editor="Carpenter, K. & Currie, PJ." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Currie" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Cambridge University Press" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref16971" refString="Currie, PJ., Rigby, JK. Jr. and Sloan, RE., 1990, Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation; in Carpenter, K. and Currie, PJ., eds., Dinosaur Systematics: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 107 - 125." title="Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Dinosaur Systematics" year="1990">Currie et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F200F6DD0304A3D1" author="Eaton, J. G. & Diem, S. & Archibald, J. D. & Schierup, C. & Munk, H." box="[1544,1854,2398,2434]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Eaton" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="323 - 353" part="99 - 1" refId="ref17081" refString="Eaton, J. G., Diem, S., Archibald, J. D., Schierup, C. and Munk, H., 1999 a, Vertebrate paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Rocks of the Markagunt Plateau, southwestern Utah: Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication 99 - 1, p. p. 323 - 353" title="Vertebrate paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Rocks of the Markagunt Plateau, southwestern Utah" type="book" year="1999" yearSuffix="a">Eaton et al. (1999 a)</bibRefCitation>
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reported ”?
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6FC0CF6DF0C83A3D3" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[2052,2233,2397,2435]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
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sp. ” from a Santonian locality in southwestern Utah, although the nature of the material is not indicated.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F342F6340CA1A388" author="Eaton, J. G. & Cifelli, R. L. & Hutchison, J. H. & Kirkland, J. I. & M. Parrish" box="[1866,2203,2484,2520]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Eaton" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publica- tion" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="323 - 353" part="99 - 1" refId="ref17145" refString="Eaton, J. G., Cifelli, R. L., Hutchison, J. H., Kirkland, J. I. and]. M. Parrish, 1999 b, Cretaceous vertebrate faunas from the Kaiparowits Plateau, south-central Utah: Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication 99 - 1, p. 323 - 353" title="Cretaceous vertebrate faunas from the Kaiparowits Plateau, south-central Utah" type="book" year="1999" yearSuffix="b">Eaton et al. (1999b)</bibRefCitation>
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report ” cf.
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F134F66301D5A057" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1340,1519,2529,2567]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
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sp. from the middle to late Turonian Smoky Hollow Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation of Utah (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6FC7FF5890D73A078" author="Parrish, J. M." box="[2167,2377,2571,2607]" firstAuthor="Parrish" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="329 - 321" part="99 - 1" refId="ref18729" refString="Parrish, J. M., 1999, Dinosaur teeth from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian-Judithian) of southern Utah: Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication 99 - 1, p. 329 - 321." title="Dinosaur teeth from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian-Judithian) of southern Utah" type="book" year="1999">Parrish, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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). These occurrences give
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F2C2F5B50345A00D" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1738,1919,2615,2653]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
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a maximum temporal range of 26 million years in North America, an unprecedented duration among dinosaurs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF6DBB9BEA42FFE7F49DFB6307F4AF1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4033145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4033145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4033145/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" startId="21.[149,272,1249,1273]" targetBox="[148,2326,204,1224]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE7F49DFB6307F4AF1B" blockId="21.[149,2322,1245,1365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">FIGURE 16. Examples of tyrannosaurid caudal vertebrae. A-D, NMMNH P-27287, proximal caudal vertebra in A, right lateral, and B, left lateral caudal vertebra in C, lateral and D, left lateral views. E-F, NMMNH P-28923, distal caudal vertebra in E, left lateral and F, lateral views. Scale bar equals 10 cm in A-D; 5 cm in E-F.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C308B898EA42FFE7F4F3FA6C0644A2A8" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE7F4F3FA6C0644A2A8" blockId="21.[151,1218,1428,3037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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In our view, the small Late Maastrichtian theropod (
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F042FA6E04C8AC65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372305" collectionCode="LACM" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/Display.php?irn=1032652&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2F&BackRef=ResultsList.php " pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="LACM 28471">LACM 28471</materialsCitation>
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), referred to
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F5DEF99A06B1AC6E" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[470,651,1560,1598]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F6D9F99A0083AC6A" author="Molnar, R. E. & Carpenter, K." box="[721,1209,1559,1598]" firstAuthor="Molnar" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="445 - 454" part="22" refId="ref18439" refString="Molnar, R. E. and Carpenter, K., 1989, The Iordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon: Geobios, v. 22, p. 445 - 454." title="The Iordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon" type="journal article" year="1989">Molnar and Carpenter (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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differs in no significant way from other tyrannosaurids. The authors list several primitive features that are actually typical of juvenile tyrannosaurids (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F617F91906FDACE7" author="Carr, T. D." box="[543,711,1691,1726]" firstAuthor="Carr" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="497 - 520" part="19" refId="ref16619" refString="Carr, T. D., 1999, Craniofacial ontogeny inTyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda): Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 19, p. 497 - 520." title="Craniofacial ontogeny inTyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda)" type="book" year="1999">Carr, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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), including long low muzzle, frontals longer than wide, smooth nasals, and a wedge-like frontoparietal suture (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F5C2F973079BAD5E" author="Molnar, R. E. & Carpenter, K." box="[458,929,1777,1816]" firstAuthor="Molnar" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="445 - 454" part="22" refId="ref18439" refString="Molnar, R. E. and Carpenter, K., 1989, The Iordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon: Geobios, v. 22, p. 445 - 454." title="The Iordan theropod (Maastrichtian, Montana, U. S. A.) referred to the genus Aublysodon" type="journal article" year="1989">Molnar and Carpenter, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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). With regard to the diagnostic skeletal characters of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F6FEF89F0797AD13" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[758,941,1821,1859]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
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, the acute angle of the rostroventral and alveolar borders of the dentary is typical of the shallow bone in juvenile tyrannosaurids. Also, the lingually placed Carina of the first dentary tooth, different extents of the mesial and distal denticles along the tooth crown, and relatively finer mesial than distal denticles are also typical of tyrannosaurids in general (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F55DF7A705C2A211" author="Carr, T. D." bookContentInfo="358 p." box="[341,504,2085,2120]" firstAuthor="Carr" journalOrPublisher="University of Toronto, Toronto" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" refId="ref16564" refString="Carr, T. D., 1996, Cranial osteology and craniofacial ontogeny of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Judith River Group, Upper Cretaceous: Campanian) of Alberta [M. S. thesis]: University of Toronto, Toronto, 358 p." title="Cranial osteology and craniofacial ontogeny of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Judith River Group, Upper Cretaceous: Campanian) of Alberta" type="book" year="1996">Carr, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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; Table 2). We are unsure of the significance of the "step" in the alveolar border of the dentary at the third alveolus, but this region of the margin is typically convex in tyrannosaurids, and the step may simply reflect the change from a concave to a convex margin.
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</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA42FFE7F680F750006FA300" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE7F680F750006FA300" blockId="21.[151,1218,1428,3037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
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|
Finally, there is nothing in the published photographs and figures (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F714F77F07CEA34A" author="Molnar, R. E." box="[796,1012,2301,2335]" firstAuthor="Molnar" journalOrPublisher="Iournal of Paleontology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="73 - 82" part="52" refId="ref18372" refString="Molnar, R. E., 1978, Anew theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of central Montana: Iournal of Paleontology, v. 52, p. 73 - 82." title="Anew theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of central Montana" type="book chapter" year="1978">Molnar, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) to prevent identification of
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F5A3F6A806BBA316" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372314" box="[427,641,2346,2374]" collectionCode="LACM" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/Display.php?irn=1032652&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2F&BackRef=ResultsList.php " pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="LACM 28471">LACM 28471</materialsCitation>
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as a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F6DCF6AB0077A300" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" box="[724,1101,2345,2384]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">juvenile tyrannosaurid</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
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</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA42FFE7F4F7F6D705AAA087" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE7F4F7F6D705AAA087" blockId="21.[151,1218,1428,3037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
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The absence of denticles on the associated premaxillary tooth of
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F52EF60305C6A3CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372312" box="[294,508,2433,2473]" collectionCode="LACM" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/Display.php?irn=1032652&QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2F&BackRef=ResultsList.php " pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="LACM 28471">LACM 24871</materialsCitation>
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, generally small size of "
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F792F602006AA3F6" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[922,1104,2432,2470]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
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" teeth, et. (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F4A2F62F05EEA399" author="Currie, PJ & Rigby, JK. Jr. & Sloan, RE" box="[170,468,2476,2510]" editor="Carpenter, K. & Currie, PJ." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Currie" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Cambridge University Press" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref16971" refString="Currie, PJ., Rigby, JK. Jr. and Sloan, RE., 1990, Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation; in Carpenter, K. and Currie, PJ., eds., Dinosaur Systematics: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 107 - 125." title="Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Dinosaur Systematics" year="1990">Currie et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), and widespread geographic and temporal occurrence (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F56DF65A0647A3A5" author="Currie, PJ & Rigby, JK. Jr. & Sloan, RE" box="[357,637,2520,2554]" editor="Carpenter, K. & Currie, PJ." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Currie" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Cambridge University Press" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="107 - 125" refId="ref16971" refString="Currie, PJ., Rigby, JK. Jr. and Sloan, RE., 1990, Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation; in Carpenter, K. and Currie, PJ., eds., Dinosaur Systematics: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 107 - 125." title="Theropod teeth from the Judith River Formation" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Dinosaur Systematics" year="1990">Currie et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F687F65B0790A3A9" author="Eaton, J. G. & Diem, S. & Archibald, J. D. & Schierup, C. & Munk, H." box="[655,938,2520,2553]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Eaton" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="323 - 353" part="99 - 1" refId="ref17081" refString="Eaton, J. G., Diem, S., Archibald, J. D., Schierup, C. and Munk, H., 1999 a, Vertebrate paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Rocks of the Markagunt Plateau, southwestern Utah: Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication 99 - 1, p. p. 323 - 353" title="Vertebrate paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Rocks of the Markagunt Plateau, southwestern Utah" type="book" year="1999" yearSuffix="a">Eaton et al. 1999a</bibRefCitation>
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,b;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F7D0F65A0091A3A4" author="Parrish, J. M." box="[984,1195,2520,2553]" firstAuthor="Parrish" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="329 - 321" part="99 - 1" refId="ref18729" refString="Parrish, J. M., 1999, Dinosaur teeth from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian-Judithian) of southern Utah: Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication 99 - 1, p. 329 - 321." title="Dinosaur teeth from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian-Judithian) of southern Utah" type="book" year="1999">Parrish, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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|
), strongly suggests that a lack of denticles reflects relative development, as in other coelurosaurs such as velociraptorine dromaeosaurids. Pending personal examination of the fossil, we consider the specimen to represent a juvenile indeterminate tyrannosaurid.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |