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<mods:title id="ABB4E3BDE62B746BE92DDDE134E5A6DB">Revision of the Antarctic species of Halecium Oken, 1815 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae)</mods:title>
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<heading id="ED3C819A2940FF822CA91EED3DD5F97C" bold="true" box="[151,740,1718,1744]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752940FF822CA91EED3DD5F97C" ID-CoL="3JB4S" authority="Naumov &amp; Stepanjants 1962" authorityName="Naumov &amp; Stepanjants" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,740,1718,1744]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42940FF822CA91EED3DD5F97C" bold="true" box="[151,740,1718,1744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42940FF822CA91EED3E46F97C" bold="true" box="[151,375,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Halecium incertus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF822D401EED3DD5F97C" author="Naumov" box="[382,740,1718,1744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. (1962) Hydroida (Thecaphora) collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M / V Ob in antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1955 - 1958, 1. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1 (9), 68 - 106." type="journal article" year="1962">Naumov &amp; Stepanjants 1962</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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(
<figureCitation id="2EF02A732940FF822CA11E823E32F95E" box="[159,259,1753,1778]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox-0="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId-0="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FED1657D2940FF822CA91F7A3AA1F81E" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B67436F62940FF822CA91F7A3C4FF8FA" blockId="13.[151,1436,1825,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752940FF822CA91F7A3D86F89B" ID-CoL="3JB4S" authority="Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962: 98" authorityName="Naumov &amp; Stepanjants" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,695,1825,1847]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42940FF822CA91F7A3E65F89B" box="[151,340,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Halecium incertus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72940FF822D621F793D86F89B" author="Naumov" box="[348,695,1825,1847]" page="98" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF822D621F793DA1F89B" author="Naumov" box="[348,656,1825,1847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. (1962) Hydroida (Thecaphora) collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M / V Ob in antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1955 - 1958, 1. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1 (9), 68 - 106." type="journal article" year="1962">Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 98
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, fig. 18; 
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72940FF822F261F7A3B37F89B" author="Stepanjants" box="[792,1030,1825,1847]" page="107" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF822F261F7A3CE0F89B" author="Stepanjants" box="[792,977,1825,1847]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 107
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 20 fig. 7A–V; 
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72940FF8228F31F793E12F8FA" author="Vervoort" page="86" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF8228F31F793FCCF8FA" author="Vervoort" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538, figs. 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 86
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72940FF822D131F1A3D1AF8FA" author="Pena" box="[301,555,1856,1878]" page="769" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF822D131F1A3EC8F8FA" author="Pena" box="[301,505,1856,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2004) How rich is the deep-sea Antarctic benthic hydroid fauna? Polar Biology, 27, 767 - 774. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 004 - 0654 - 9" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 769
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72940FF822E0B1F1A3C4BF8FA" author="Pena" box="[565,890,1856,1878]" page="766" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF822E0B1F1A3C76F8FA" author="Pena" box="[565,839,1856,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Gili, J. M. (2006) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from off Bouvet Island (Antarctic Ocean). Polar Biology, 29, 764 - 771. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 006 - 0113 - x" type="journal article" year="2006">Peña Cantero &amp; Gili, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 766
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F62940FF822CA91F053AA8F8D8" blockId="13.[151,1436,1825,1970]" box="[151,1433,1886,1908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="96DB11D82940FF822CA91F053AA8F8D8" box="[151,1433,1886,1908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752940FF822CA91F053D3EF8D8" ID-CoL="3JB3V" authority="Millard, 1977: 8" authorityName="Millard" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,527,1886,1908]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dufresnae">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42940FF822CA91F053E52F8D8" box="[151,355,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Halecium dufresnae</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72940FF822D561F053D3EF8D8" author="Millard" box="[360,527,1886,1908]" page="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF822D561F053EC6F8D8" author="Millard" box="[360,503,1886,1908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 8
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</taxonomicName>
, fig. 2A–D; 1979: 138; 
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72940FF822F3C1F053B1CF8D8" author="Branch" box="[770,1069,1886,1908]" page="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF822F3C1F053B38F8D8" author="Branch" box="[770,1033,1886,1908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Branch, M. L. &amp; Williams, G. C. (1993) The Hydrozoa, Octocorallia and Scleractinia of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982 - 1989 University of Cape Town surveys. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23 (1 - 2), 3 - 24." type="journal article" year="1993">Branch &amp; Williams, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
, fig.; 
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72940FF8228561F043AA4F8D8" author="Vervoort" box="[1128,1429,1886,1908]" page="85" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF8228561F043A5EF8D8" author="Vervoort" box="[1128,1391,1886,1908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538, figs. 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 85
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F62940FF822CA91F263DDDF83F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1825,1970]" box="[151,748,1917,1939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="96DB11D82940FF822CA91F263DDDF83F" box="[151,748,1917,1939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752940FF822CA91F263D77F83F" ID-CoL="6L9TB" authority="Watson, 2008: 173" authorityName="Watson" authorityPageNumber="173" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,582,1917,1939]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42940FF822CA91F263EB3F83F" box="[151,386,1917,1939]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Halecium macrocaulus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72940FF822DB61F253D77F83F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4630633" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4630633" author="Watson" box="[392,582,1917,1939]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D5126FFAEFFB51898FBE619C893CE" page="173" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF822DB61F253D27F83F" author="Watson" box="[392,534,1917,1939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 165 - 178." type="journal article" year="2008">Watson, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 173
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–174, fig. 9A–F.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F62940FF822CA91FC63AA1F81E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1825,1970]" box="[151,1424,1948,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="96DB11D82940FF822CA91FC63AA1F81E" box="[151,1424,1948,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
Not 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752940FF822CFD1FC73E4CF81E" ID-CoL="3JB4S" box="[195,381,1948,1970]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42940FF822CFD1FC73E4CF81E" box="[195,381,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Halecium incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="376A10E72940FF822DA91FC63DA3F81E" author="Pena" box="[407,658,1948,1970]" page="454" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B072940FF822DA91FC63D53F81E" author="Pena" box="[407,610,1948,1970]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 454
</treatmentCitation>
–455, fig. 1b; 2009: 1747; 2012: 857 (= 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752940FF8228171FC73A1AF81E" ID-CoL="3JB6G" box="[1065,1323,1948,1970]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pseudoincertus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42940FF8228171FC73A1AF81E" box="[1065,1323,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Halecium pseudoincertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9F8C579F2940FF82290F1FC73AB3F81D" box="[1329,1410,1948,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42940FF82290F1FC73AB3F81D" bold="true" box="[1329,1410,1948,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="E2B4667E2943FF812CA91FFA3B59F858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" targetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="B67436F62943FF812CA91FFA3B59F858" blockId="14.[151,1436,1953,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42943FF812CA91FFA3E23F81A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1953,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752943FF812D271FFA3C39F81B" authority="Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962" authorityName="Naumov &amp; Stepanjants" authorityYear="1962" box="[281,776,1953,1975]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42943FF812D271FFA3EE2F81B" box="[281,467,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Halecium incertus</emphasis>
Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962
</taxonomicName>
. (A–D, F–H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A–E from holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752943FF8128C41F9A3A5AF87A" box="[1274,1387,1985,2006]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42943FF8128C41F9A3A5AF87A" box="[1274,1387,1985,2006]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">H. incertus</emphasis>
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; F–I from holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752943FF812D771FBB3D4EF858" authority="Watson, 2008" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="2008" box="[329,639,2014,2037]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42943FF812D771FBB3E53F859" box="[329,354,2016,2037]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">H.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42943FF812D561F853EDBF858" box="[360,490,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">macrocaulus</emphasis>
Watson, 2008
</taxonomicName>
). Scale bar: 250 µm (A–D, F–H), 500 µm (E, I).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E2B4667E2942FF802CA91FFA3D4CF858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" targetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="B67436F62942FF802CA91FFA3D4CF858" blockId="15.[151,1436,1953,2036]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42942FF802CA91FFA3E26F81A" bold="true" box="[151,279,1953,1975]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D752942FF802D1F1FFA3C17F81B" authority="Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962" authorityName="Naumov &amp; Stepanjants" authorityYear="1962" box="[289,806,1953,1975]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE42942FF802D1F1FFA3ED1F81B" box="[289,480,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Halecium incertus</emphasis>
Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962
</taxonomicName>
. (A–C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E–G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS65/ 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A–C), 500 µm (D–G).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="FED1657D295DFF9F2CA918CC3C32FEEC" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CA918CC3C32FEEC" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2CA918CC3EB7FF1C" bold="true" box="[151,390,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="69708854295DFF9F2DAD18CC3ECAFF1C" box="[403,507,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295DFF9F2E1218CC3DCEFF1C" box="[556,767,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2E1218CC3DCEFF1C" box="[556,767,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Halecium incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectionCode id="D0DAAE33295DFF9F2F2D18C33C56FF1C" box="[787,871,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">ZIRAS</collectionCode>
, “Ob” 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2F8118C23B3EFF03" box="[959,1039,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">II SAE</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F281D18CC3BB1FF1C" bold="true" box="[1059,1152,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Stn 204</emphasis>
, 
<date id="C2751036295DFF9F28AA18CC3A15FF1C" box="[1172,1316,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" value="1957-02-30">30–02–1957</date>
, 65° 
<geoCoordinate id="D3FF5031295DFF9F296718CC3AADFF1C" box="[1369,1436,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" precision="5555" value="-59.2">59,2S</geoCoordinate>
57°08’8E (Enderby Land), 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F2DEE18E73D2AFF78" box="[464,539,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</quantity>
, three stem fragments, 42, 32 and 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F2F9218E73CCFFF78" box="[940,1022,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
long, with gonothecae. 
<typeStatus id="69708854295DFF9F292D18E73A4AFF79" box="[1299,1403,188,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295DFF9F2CA918843EAEFF54" box="[151,415,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2CA918843EAEFF54" box="[151,415,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Halecium macrocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295DFF9F2D8F18BB3D18FF5B" box="[433,553,224,247]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="banzare">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2D8F18BB3D18FF5B" box="[433,553,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">BANZARE</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2E0518843DA7FF54" bold="true" box="[571,662,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Stn 107</emphasis>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D3FF5031295DFF9F2E9718843C30FF54" box="[681,769,223,248]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" precision="925" value="-66.75">66°45'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D3FF5031295DFF9F2F3218843C57FF54" box="[780,870,223,248]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" precision="925" value="62.05">62°03'E</geoCoordinate>
(Mawson Coast), 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F287F18BB3BBFFF5B" box="[1089,1166,224,248]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="210.0">210 m</quantity>
, one microslide, 
<collectionCode id="D0DAAE33295DFF9F296518BB3AADFF5B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[1371,1436,224,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">NMV</collectionCode>
F147467, one stem fragment, c. 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F2DC1195F3D7CFEB0" box="[511,589,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
long, with gonothecae. 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2F69195E3A57FEB0" box="[855,1382,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<collectingCountry id="CEDC7666295DFF9F2F69195E3C82FEB0" box="[855,947,261,284]" name="Germany" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">German</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="CEDC7666295DFF9F2F84195F3B10FEB7" box="[954,1057,260,283]" name="Antarctica" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Expedition Polarstern XXI/2
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F294B195F3E34FEEC" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Stn PS65/019</emphasis>
, one stem, c. 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F2D9E197C3ECCFE93" box="[416,509,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="195.0">195 mm</quantity>
high, with gonothecae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FED1657D295DFF9F2CF919173DD0FDCC" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CF919173DD0FDCC" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2CF919173E70FEC9" bold="true" box="[199,321,332,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Strongly polysiphonic, irregularly branched stems, up to 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F2FF319173B1AFEC8" box="[973,1067,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
high. Branches originating from hydrophore of primary hydrotheca. Hydrothecae alternately arranged in one or two planes. Hydrotheca at the end of short, adnate hydrophore provided with oblique pseudodiaphragm. Hydrotheca distinctly widening distally; rim slightly everted. Adcauline hydrothecal wall free; distinctly larger than abcauline one. Hydrothecal aperture slightly directed downwards. Up to one secondary hydrotheca present. 
<collectingCountry id="CEDC7666295DFF9F2F8219873CC7FE59" box="[956,1014,476,501]" name="Malta" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Male</collectingCountry>
gonoteca oval, elongated with distal, shallow groove. Female gonotheca flattened, terebratulid brachiopod-shaped; abcauline wall longer. Aperture at distal part. With acrocyst (one embryo). Cnidome consisting of isorhizas, larger microbasic euryteles, smaller microbasic euryteles and microbasic mastigophores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FED1657D295DFF9E2CF91A373A71FD5C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="description">
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CF91A373E0AFD5C" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2CF91A373E63FD29" bold="true" box="[199,338,620,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Description</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="69708854295DFF9F2D5D1A373EA4FD28" box="[355,405,620,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295DFF9F2E191A363D97FD28" box="[551,678,621,644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2E191A363D97FD28" box="[551,678,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">H. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Three stem fragments, c. 42, 32 and 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F284F1A373BF2FD28" box="[1137,1219,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
long. 42-mm-long fragment corresponding to a basal stem fragment, strongly polysiphonic, c. 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F2FD61ACB3B18FD0B" box="[1000,1065,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in diameter, and provided with a primary branch, strongly polysiphonic too. Branches divided into internodes by alternately arranged, slightly oblique nodes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CF91AA73A55FC09" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
Hydrothecae on adnate hydrophores (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F2E501AA73D83FCB9" box="[622,690,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A–D); ratio between adcauline length of hydrophore and diameter at diaphragm 1.2–1.5. Hydrotheca low (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F2E691B443DABFC94" box="[599,666,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A–D), distinctly widening from diaphragm upwards. Adcauline wall distinctly larger than abcauline one (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F2E771B1F3DA0FCF1" box="[585,657,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A, D). Adcauline hydrothecal wall free to internode (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F29301B1F3A64FCF1" box="[1294,1365,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A–D). Hydrothecal aperture slightly directed downwards. Hydrothecal rim slightly everted (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F28A01B3C3BDBFC2C" box="[1182,1258,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A). Up to one secondary hydrotheca present (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F2DCD1BD73D07FC09" box="[499,566,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A). An oblique, upwards directed pseudodiaphragm present (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F28DF1BD73A14FC09" box="[1249,1317,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A,D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CF91BEB3C6EFC41" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
Two female gonothecae present, arising from hydrophore of primary hydrotheca. Gonotheca fusiform, terebratulid brachiopod-shaped, with one side shorter (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F2EC51B8F3C0EFC41" box="[763,831,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CF91BAC3B8AFB44" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2CF91BAC3EEFFBBC" bold="true" box="[199,478,1015,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Measurements (in µm).</emphasis>
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2DD81BAC3D44FBBC" box="[486,629,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Hydrothecae</emphasis>
: diameter at aperture 260–300, diameter at diaphragm 230–250, height 35–50. 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2CD31C473E54FB99" box="[237,357,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Internodes</emphasis>
: length 550–700, diameter 210–300. 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2F261C473CAEFB99" box="[792,927,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Gonothecae</emphasis>
: height c. 1350, maximum diameter c. 470. 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2CA91C643FCDFBF4" box="[151,252,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Cnidome</emphasis>
: isorhizas [range 19.0–21.5 x 6.0–8.0, mean 20.5±0.7 x 7.2±0.6 (n=10); ratio, range 2.6–3.3, mean 2.9±0.2 (n=10)], larger microbasic euryteles?, very abundant [range 15.5–18.0 x 6.0–8.0, mean 16.4±0.7 x 7.3±0.7 (n=10); ratio, range 2.0–2.7, mean 2.3±0.2 (n=10)], smaller microbasic euryteles [range 7.5–8.0 x 4.0, mean 7.8±0.2 x 4.0±0.0 (n=10); ratio, range 1.9–2.0, mean 2.0±0.1 (n=10)], and microbasic mastigophores [range 8.0–8.5 x 2.0–2.5, mean 8.3±0.2 x 2.3±0.2 (n=10); ratio, range 3.2–4.3, mean 3.7±0.4 (n=10)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CF91CAF3BD9FA31" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2CF91CAF3E60FAA1" bold="true" box="[199,337,1268,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Description</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="69708854295DFF9F2D5F1CAF3EA2FAA0" box="[353,403,1268,1292]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295DFF9F2E211CAE3DE3FAA1" box="[543,722,1268,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2E211CAE3DE3FAA1" box="[543,722,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">H. macrocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). “Thickest fragments (stem or major branches) 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F28C01CAF3A70FAA0" box="[1278,1345,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
wide at base and 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F2D301D433E42FA9C" box="[270,371,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
long; branching profuse and irregular, originally all around stem” (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295DFF9F288E1D433AA1FA9C" author="Watson" box="[1200,1424,1304,1328]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 165 - 178." type="journal article" year="2008">Watson 2008: 173</bibRefCitation>
). Apparently, branching alternate at every third hydrotheca in the material examined. Branches originating just below cauline hydrothecae. Primary branches in turn giving rise to one or two secondary branches. Stem and branches divided into internodes by little marked, alternately arranged, oblique nodes (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F285D1DDF3B94FA31" box="[1123,1189,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F–H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CF91DFC3B24F9D9" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
Hydrothecae alternately arranged in two planes. Hydrothecae resting on adnate hydrophores (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F28E31DFC3A2EFA6C" box="[1245,1311,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F–H); ratio between adcauline length of hydrophore and diameter at diaphragm c. 1.0. Hydrotheca low and free, oblique, directed downwards (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F2DB11DB43EE5F9A4" box="[399,468,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F–H). Rim everted. Hydrotheca strongly widening distally, much more at adcauline side, forming a distinct concavity (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F2E011E4F3DB8F981" box="[575,649,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F). Adcauline hydrothecal side completely free and reaching next internode (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F2D221E6C3E5AF9FC" box="[284,363,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F–H). Adcauline hydrothecal side higher than abcauline one (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F28401E6C3BFCF9FC" box="[1150,1229,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F–H). A distinct pseudodiaphragm present, much more marked towards adcauline side (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F2F8D1E073CC7F9D9" box="[947,1014,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CF91E243D23F94C" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
Gonothecae originating directly from lateral of hydrophore (i.e., neither pedicel nor apophysis present) (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F29511E243F97F911" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
G). Gonotheca inverted pear-shaped, strongly narrowing at base and broadly rounded at distal part (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295DFF9F29021EFF3AB5F911" box="[1340,1412,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
Fig. 
<date id="C2751036295DFF9F294A1EFF3AB5F911" box="[1396,1412,1700,1725]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">6</date>
</figureCitation>
I). Maximum diameter at distal fifth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CF91EB73E7DF838" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2CF91EB73EEFF8A9" bold="true" box="[199,478,1772,1797]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Measurements (in µm).</emphasis>
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2DD81EB73D44F8A9" box="[486,629,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Hydrothecae</emphasis>
: diameter at aperture 250–270, diameter at diaphragm 220–240, height abcauline wall 30–50, height adcauline wall 50–80. 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2EC61F543C4EF884" box="[760,895,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Hydrophore</emphasis>
: adcauline length 220–250. 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F28F21F543A75F884" box="[1228,1348,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Internodes</emphasis>
: length 630–800, diameter 250–300. 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2DDE1F6F3D56F8E1" box="[480,615,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Gonothecae</emphasis>
: height c. 1420, maximum diameter c. 800. 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F28661F6F3B8CF8E1" box="[1112,1213,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Cnidome</emphasis>
: heteronemes (only one 
<typeStatus id="69708854295DFF9F2CF81F023FC7F8DD" box="[198,246,1881,1905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">type</typeStatus>
could be observed since observations were made on a microslide) 15–17.5 
<date id="C2751036295DFF9F28771F023B5DF8DC" box="[1097,1132,1879,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">x 5</date>
[
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295DFF9F28441F033E70F838" author="Watson" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 165 - 178." type="journal article" year="2008">
<date id="C2751036295DFF9F28441F033BE9F8DC" box="[1146,1240,1880,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" value="1919-10-24">19–24 x</date>
7–9 according to Watson (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295DFF9F2CF91FFB3AADF870" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295DFF9F2CF91FFB3E60F815" bold="true" box="[199,337,1952,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Description</emphasis>
(PS65/19). One branched, strongly polysiphonic stem c. 
<quantity id="71339B13295DFF9F2FEE1FFB3B1CF814" box="[976,1069,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="195.0">195 mm</quantity>
high. Stem giving rise to several strongly-developed, polysiphonic, primary branches which, in turn, form polysiphonic secondary ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9E2CA918CC3EA7FF54" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Polysiphonic branches giving rise to lower-order branches, most monosiphonic, but some slightly polysiphonic basally. Overall, up to five-order branching observed. Branches divided into internodes by alternately arranged, slightly oblique nodes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9E2CF9195F3C08FE00" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
Hydrothecae resting on adnate hydrophores; ratio between adcauline length of hydrophore and diameter at diaphragm c. 1.3 (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E2D5D197C3E94FEEC" box="[355,421,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A–C). Hydrotheca low, distinctly widening from diaphragm upwards (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E2885197C3BCFFEEC" box="[1211,1278,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A). Adcauline wall slightly larger than abcauline one (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E2E4E19173D86FEC8" box="[624,695,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A, B). Adcauline hydrothecal wall free to internode (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E290E19173A49FEC8" box="[1328,1400,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A). Hydrothecal aperture directed downwards. Sometimes a secondary hydrotheca present (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E28A219343BD4FE24" box="[1180,1253,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C). An oblique, usually well-marked pseudodiaphragm present (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E2E8F19CF3DC5FE00" box="[689,756,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A, C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9E2CF919EC3D97FDB4" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
Female gonothecae present, arising from hydrophore. Gonotheca flattened; terebratulid brachiopod-shaped, with one side shorter (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E2DA319873ED3FE58" box="[413,482,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E, F), in lateral view, when immature, and fusiform when mature. In frontal view, gonotheca more or less triangular (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E2E2319A43D6EFDBB" box="[541,607,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D, G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9E2CF91A7F3A71FD5C" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2CF91A7F3EEFFD91" bold="true" box="[199,478,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Measurements (in µm).</emphasis>
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2DD81A7F3D44FD91" box="[486,629,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Hydrothecae</emphasis>
: diameter at aperture 245–250, diameter at diaphragm 190–220, height 35–50. 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2CD11A1C3E47FDCC" box="[239,374,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Gonothecae</emphasis>
: height 1300–1400, maximum diameter c. 500 (lateral view) and 700–780 (frontal view). 
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2CA91A373FCDFD29" box="[151,252,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Cnidome</emphasis>
: innumerous isorhizas [range 17.5–19.0 x 7.0–8.0, mean 18.3±0.5 x 7.2±0.3 (n=10); ratio, range 2.4–2.7, mean 2.6±0.1 (n=10)], larger microbasic euryteles? [range 13.0–14.0 x 6.5–7.5, mean 13.5±0.4 x 7.1±0.4 (n=5); ratio, range 1.8–2.0, mean 1.9±0.1 (n=5)], smaller microbasic euryteles [range 6.0–7.5 x 3.0–3.5, mean 6.7±0.4 x 3.4±0.2 (n=10); ratio, range 1.9–2.2, mean 2.0±0.1 (n=10)], and microbasic mastigophore (7.5–8 
<date id="C2751036295CFF9E28E51A833BCFFD5C" box="[1243,1278,727,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">x 2</date>
–2.5).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FED1657D295CFF9D2CF91AA73D42FE58" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9E2CF91AA73AADFC08" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2CF91AA73E0AFCB9" bold="true" box="[199,315,764,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295CFF9E2D7A1AA73D2BFCB8" author="Stepanjants" box="[324,538,764,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants (1979)</bibRefCitation>
described two 
<typeStatus id="69708854295CFF9E2EF31AA63C39FCB9" box="[717,776,765,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">types</typeStatus>
of gonothecae, probably male and female. Putative male gonotheca oval, elongated with a distal, shallow groove. Female gonotheca pear-shaped, flattened, and with external acrocyst. In the material from PS65/19 there are gonothecae with acrocyst where embryo is completing its development (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E2D031B3C3EB4FC2C" box="[317,389,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D) and others where embryo is little developed and still within the gonotheca with the surrounding acrocyst (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E2DAF1BD73EE2FC08" box="[401,467,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E–G). Apparently, shorter side deploys to allow embryo and acrocyst to exit (
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E290B1BD73A49FC08" box="[1333,1400,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9E2CF91BEB3EAFFB68" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295CFF9E2CF91BEB3D14FC64" author="Naumov" box="[199,549,943,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" refString="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. (1962) Hydroida (Thecaphora) collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M / V Ob in antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1955 - 1958, 1. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1 (9), 68 - 106." type="journal article" year="1962">Naumov &amp; Stepanjants (1962)</bibRefCitation>
characterized this species by the structure of the hydrotheca. They indicated that the “obliquely cut aperture with turned out edges and the presence of two diaphragms in the hydrotheca separate the new species from all the known species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E2F9A1BAC3B20FBBC" box="[932,1041,1015,1040]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2F9A1BAC3B20FBBC" box="[932,1041,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Halecium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. According to these authors, the species has stems “irregularly ramified in several planes”, “with primary and secondary branches polysiphonic”. The pseudodiaphragm is oblique. Interestingly, 
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295CFF9E2E931C1B3B32FBF4" author="Naumov" box="[685,1027,1087,1112]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" refString="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. (1962) Hydroida (Thecaphora) collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M / V Ob in antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1955 - 1958, 1. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1 (9), 68 - 106." type="journal article" year="1962">Naumov &amp; Stepanjants (1962)</bibRefCitation>
also indicated that, “considering the 
<typeStatus id="69708854295CFF9E2CA91C3E3FF6FBD1" box="[151,199,1125,1149]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">type</typeStatus>
of ramification, the structure of the branches and the disposal of the hydrothecae, our species appear to be related to 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E2D311CD23D38FB0C" authority="Allman" authorityName="Allman" box="[271,521,1159,1184]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Hydrodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2D311CD23E92FB0C" box="[271,419,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. arboreum</emphasis>
Allman
</taxonomicName>
”. This clearly points to a colonial structure as that found in the material here assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E2D251CF63EA6FB68" box="[283,407,1197,1220]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2D251CF63EA6FB68" box="[283,407,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9E2CF91C943B42FA9C" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295CFF9E2CF91C943EAAFB44" author="Stepanjants" box="[199,411,1231,1256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants (1979)</bibRefCitation>
also characterized the species by having very large colonies with thick and polysiphonic stems irregularly branched repeatedly in several planes. She also indicated that young colonies have a more ordered branching: primary branches alternately arranged, second-order ones in different planes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9E2CF91D673AACFA31" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295CFF9E2CF91D673E5DFAF8" author="Millard" box="[199,364,1340,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard (1977)</bibRefCitation>
described as 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E2E3D1D673DD5FAF9" box="[515,740,1340,1365]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dufresnae">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2E3D1D673DD5FAF9" box="[515,740,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Halecium dufresnae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a new species that agrees in every detail with 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E28D71D663A54FAF8" box="[1257,1381,1341,1364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E28D71D663A54FAF8" box="[1257,1381,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, in fact, 
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295CFF9E2CD01D043EF3FAD4" author="Stepanjants" box="[238,450,1375,1400]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants (1979)</bibRefCitation>
already considered this species conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E2FCF1D3A3B5FFAD4" box="[1009,1134,1377,1400]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2FCF1D3A3B5FFAD4" box="[1009,1134,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Millard’s (1977) material also has thick fascicled stem (up to 
<quantity id="71339B13295CFF9E2E1A1DDF3DB0FA30" box="[548,641,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="245.0">245 mm</quantity>
high), branching and re-branching irregularly, but mainly in one plane.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9E2CF91DFC3AA2F981" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
Although it has not been possible to re-describe the general appearance of the colony of 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E28921DF23A6FFA6C" box="[1196,1374,1447,1472]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E28921DF23A6FFA6C" box="[1196,1374,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. macrocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the material examined, according to Watson’s (2008) description it is clear that 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E28661D963A21FA49" box="[1112,1296,1484,1509]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E28661D963A21FA49" box="[1112,1296,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. macrocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has robust, polysiphonic and much branched stems. In addition, although 
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295CFF9E2F6E1DAA3CC4F9A4" author="Watson" box="[848,1013,1520,1544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 165 - 178." type="journal article" year="2008">Watson (2008)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that forks arise from within a hydrotheca, in the material examined here I found only branches originating just below the cauline hydrothecae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9E2CF01E623DC0F911" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295CFF9E2CF01E623E9DF9FC" author="Watson" box="[206,428,1592,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 165 - 178." type="journal article" year="2008">Watson (2008: 173)</bibRefCitation>
also indicated the presence of a “septum (false diaphragm) of perisarc passing diagonally through hydrophore from near junction of diaphragm with abcauline wall to adcauline wall”. This “false diaphragm” clearly corresponds with a pseudodiaphragm as it has been unequivocally demonstrated by examining the 
<typeStatus id="69708854295CFF9E2CFE1EFF3E13F911" box="[192,290,1700,1725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E2D941EFE3D6DF911" box="[426,604,1700,1725]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2D941EFE3D6DF911" box="[426,604,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. macrocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf. 
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295CFF9E2EAE1EFF3DE3F911" box="[656,722,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295CFF9D2CF91E9C3ED0FF78" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E2CF91E9C3EE0F94C" box="[199,465,1735,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2CF91E9C3EE0F94C" box="[199,465,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">Halecium macrocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is undistinguishable from 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E2F2B1E923CA9F94C" box="[789,920,1737,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2F2B1E923CA9F94C" box="[789,920,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and it is considered here conspecific with Naumov &amp; Stepanjants’ species. They agree in colony structure, with thick stems profusely and irregularly branched, shape and size of hydrotheca, presence of pseudodiaphragm, sessile hydrophores, and size of nematocysts. The single difference concerns the presence of acrocyst in 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E28321F6E3BBEF8E0" box="[1036,1167,1845,1868]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E28321F6E3BBEF8E0" box="[1036,1167,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not described for 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E29BF1F6E3E16F8DC" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E29BF1F6E3E16F8DC" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. macrocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this could be explained by the fact that the gonothecae described for 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E28801F023A43F8DC" box="[1214,1394,1879,1904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E28801F023A43F8DC" box="[1214,1394,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. macrocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are either male or female but immature. 
<collectingCountry id="CEDC7666295CFF9E2E061F273D66F838" box="[568,599,1916,1940]" name="American Samoa" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">As</collectingCountry>
it has been shown above, in 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295CFF9E2F9D1F263B11F838" box="[931,1056,1917,1940]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295CFF9E2F9D1F263B11F838" box="[931,1056,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">H. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is possible to find in the same colony gonothecae with acrocyst, where an embryo is completing its development, together with others where an embryo is little developed and still within the gonotheca with the surrounding acrocyst. The shape of the gonotheca of 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295FFF9D2C8918C23E5AFF1C" box="[183,363,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295FFF9D2C8918C23E5AFF1C" box="[183,363,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">H. macrocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295FFF9D2D4418CC3EF1FF1C" box="[378,448,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[242,1347,211,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[225,1362,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – D, F – H) internodes showing hydrothecae (A with secondary hydrotheca); (E) female gonotheca (lateral view); (I) female gonotheca (frontal view). (A – E from holotype of H. incertus; F – I from holotype of H. macrocaulus Watson, 2008). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – D, F – H), 500 µm (E, I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226896/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">
Fig. 
<date id="C2751036295FFF9D2D8F18CC3EF1FF1C" box="[433,448,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">6</date>
</figureCitation>
I; see also 
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295FFF9D2E0518CC3DAAFF1C" box="[571,667,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[237,1360,208,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[214,1372,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. (A – E) internodes showing primary hydrothecae (D with a second-order hydrotheca; D and E showing origin of gonothecae); (F – G) female gonothecae showing eggs and hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotype). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – E), 500 µm (F – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226899/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Figure 9</figureCitation>
B by 
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2EE518C33C8FFF1C" author="Watson" box="[731,958,152,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 165 - 178." type="journal article" year="2008">Watson (2008: 174)</bibRefCitation>
] is identical to that I found in 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295FFF9D292018C23AADFF1C" box="[1310,1436,153,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295FFF9D292018C23AADFF1C" box="[1310,1436,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">H. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="CEDC7666295FFF9D2CEA18E63E14FF78" box="[212,293,189,212]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Bouvet</collectingCountry>
(cf. 
<figureCitation id="2EF02A73295FFF9D2D6718E73EAAFF78" box="[345,411,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,208,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[181,1405,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Halecium incertus Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962. (A – C) internodes showing hydrothecae (C with secondary hydrotheca); (D) female gonotheca with acrocyst; (E – G) a female gonotheca in different views. (All drawings from Stn PS 65 / 019). Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C), 500 µm (D – G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226897/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D, G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295FFF9D2CF918BB3BEFFEC9" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">
It seems clear, from the above-shown descriptions that 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295FFF9D2F0818BA3C82FF54" box="[822,947,225,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295FFF9D2F0818BA3C82FF54" box="[822,947,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">H. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterised by having large (up to 
<quantity id="71339B13295FFF9D294C18BB3FF2FEB0" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
high), thick, polysiphonic stems giving rise to also polysiphonic, lower-order branches in one or several planes. Consequently, I conclude that the material ascribed to 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295FFF9D2F5519723CDBFEEC" box="[875,1002,297,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295FFF9D2F5519723CDBFEEC" box="[875,1002,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">H. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D282519733A32FEEC" author="Pena" box="[1051,1283,296,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero (2008</bibRefCitation>
, 2009, 2012) belongs to a different, described below, new species to science, 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295FFF9D2F5E19173B4CFEC9" box="[864,1149,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pseudoincertus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295FFF9D2F5E19173B4CFEC9" box="[864,1149,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Halecium pseudoincertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9F8C579F295FFF9D28BB19173BEFFEC9" box="[1157,1246,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" rank="species">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295FFF9D28BB19173BEFFEC9" bold="true" box="[1157,1246,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B67436F6295FFF9D2CF919343D42FE58" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295FFF9D2CF919343EC9FE24" bold="true" box="[199,504,367,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295FFF9D2E3E19343DFEFE24" box="[512,719,367,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295FFF9D2E3E19343DFEFE24" box="[512,719,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Halecium incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found at depths from 15 (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D285C19343A17FE24" author="Stepanjants" box="[1122,1318,367,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
) to 
<quantity id="71339B13295FFF9D296A19343AADFE2B" box="[1364,1436,367,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.93" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" unit="m" value="693.0">693 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2CA019CF3E8AFE00" author="Branch" box="[158,443,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Branch, M. L. &amp; Williams, G. C. (1993) The Hydrozoa, Octocorallia and Scleractinia of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982 - 1989 University of Cape Town surveys. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23 (1 - 2), 3 - 24." type="journal article" year="1993">Branch &amp; Williams 1993</bibRefCitation>
), on rock (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2E0F19CF3DC4FE00" author="Stepanjants" box="[561,757,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2F3E19CF3B2AFE00" author="Branch" box="[768,1051,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Branch, M. L. &amp; Williams, G. C. (1993) The Hydrozoa, Octocorallia and Scleractinia of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982 - 1989 University of Cape Town surveys. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23 (1 - 2), 3 - 24." type="journal article" year="1993">Branch &amp; Williams 1993</bibRefCitation>
), and gravel and mud (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D292419CF3FE2FE7C" author="Stepanjants" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
). Gonothecae in April (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2DDC19EC3D4DFE7C" author="Millard" box="[482,636,439,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard 1977</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2EB419EC3C7EFE7C" author="Stepanjants" box="[650,847,439,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
), November (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2FD219E33A2EFE7C" author="Pena" box="[1004,1311,439,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Gili, J. M. (2006) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from off Bouvet Island (Antarctic Ocean). Polar Biology, 29, 764 - 771. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 006 - 0113 - x" type="journal article" year="2006">Peña Cantero &amp; Gili 2006</bibRefCitation>
), and from December to February (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2D9F19873D56FE58" author="Stepanjants" box="[417,615,476,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FED1657D295FFF9D2CF919A43DB5FD61" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B67436F6295FFF9D2CF919A43DB5FD61" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295FFF9D2CF919A43EA9FDB4" ID-CoL="3JB4S" box="[199,408,511,536]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295FFF9D2CF919A43EA9FDB4" box="[199,408,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Halecium incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to have an 
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–Kerguélen distribution (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D283E1A5B3A08FDB4" author="Pena" box="[1024,1337,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Gili, J. M. (2006) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from off Bouvet Island (Antarctic Ocean). Polar Biology, 29, 764 - 771. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 006 - 0113 - x" type="journal article" year="2006">Peña Cantero &amp; Gili 2006</bibRefCitation>
), having been found in both 
<collectingCountry id="CEDC7666295FFF9D2D441A7F3ED3FD91" box="[378,482,548,573]" name="Antarctica" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
and sub-Antarctic waters. In the latter, it is known from off Crozet (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D28C31A7F3AA6FD90" author="Millard" box="[1277,1431,548,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion-Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard 1977</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2CA91A1C3E51FDCC" author="Stepanjants" box="[151,352,583,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
), Kerguélen (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2E3E1A1C3DF9FDCC" author="Stepanjants" box="[512,712,583,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
) and the Marion and Prince Edward islands area (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D29191A1C3E71FD28" author="Branch" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Branch, M. L. &amp; Williams, G. C. (1993) The Hydrozoa, Octocorallia and Scleractinia of subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands: illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982 - 1989 University of Cape Town surveys. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, 23 (1 - 2), 3 - 24." type="journal article" year="1993">Branch &amp; Williams 1993</bibRefCitation>
). In 
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waters, it is known from the Sodruzestva Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2FCC1A373A0FFD29" author="Naumov" box="[1010,1342,620,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. (1962) Hydroida (Thecaphora) collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M / V Ob in antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1955 - 1958, 1. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1 (9), 68 - 106." type="journal article" year="1962">Naumov &amp; Stepanjants 1962</bibRefCitation>
), off the Amery Ice Shelf (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2D611AD43D14FD04" author="Stepanjants" box="[351,549,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
), and off Mawson Coast (
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2F791ACB3B85FD04" author="Watson" box="[839,1204,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Watson, J. E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 65, 165 - 178." type="journal article" year="2008">
Watson 2008 as 
<taxonomicName id="71CB4D75295FFF9D283C1ACA3B85FD04" ID-CoL="6L9TB" box="[1026,1204,655,680]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocaulus">
<emphasis id="84BFEAE4295FFF9D283C1ACA3B85FD04" box="[1026,1204,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">H. macrocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
), in East 
<collectingCountry id="CEDC7666295FFF9D291E1AD43AA9FD04" box="[1312,1432,655,680]" name="Antarctica" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
, and off 
<collectingCountry id="CEDC7666295FFF9D2CD31AEE3E0FFD60" box="[237,318,693,716]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Bouvet</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D25A4B07295FFF9D2D731AEF3D49FD61" author="Pena" box="[333,632,692,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Gili, J. M. (2006) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from off Bouvet Island (Antarctic Ocean). Polar Biology, 29, 764 - 771. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 006 - 0113 - x" type="journal article" year="2006">Peña Cantero &amp; Gili 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>