treatments-xml/data/3E/51/99/3E5199729F14271EFDC4874DFE0EFAFC.xml
2024-06-21 12:34:16 +02:00

375 lines
39 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.95" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f7eb4ca8-8e77-4882-ae27-320290999cea" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860596" ID-ZooBank="BE14FE18-E9AB-4C5A-B260-BD9C54464A2A" approvalRequired="4" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="3" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1590601165605" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Kuhlmann, Michael" docDate="2014" docId="3E5199729F14271EFDC4874DFE0EFAFC" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2014-95.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 95" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.12:EJT.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="12" docTitle="Scrapter luteistigma Kuhlmann 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6CECCB95-325C-4E9D-9A17-55FEED5B269F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="C268E10A9F012706FFAB8516FFAAFFBC" masterDocTitle="Revision of the euryglossiform species of the Afrotropical bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier &amp; Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae)" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1669087594025" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the euryglossiform species of the Afrotropical bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier &amp; Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kuhlmann, Michael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2014-09-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>95</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>69</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.95</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f7eb4ca8-8e77-4882-ae27-320290999cea</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3860596</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BE14FE18-E9AB-4C5A-B260-BD9C54464A2A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861147" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164362926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3861147" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6CECCB95-325C-4E9D-9A17-55FEED5B269F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E5199729F14271EFDC4874DFE0EFAFC" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="21.[360,1227,602,699]" box="[623,965,602,629]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading box="[623,965,602,629]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="Kuhlmann, 2014" authorityName="Kuhlmann" authorityYear="2014" box="[623,867,602,629]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteistigma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[623,867,602,629]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Scrapter luteistigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[874,965,603,629]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[360,1227,602,699]" box="[360,1227,638,665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<uri box="[360,1227,638,665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid box="[648,1227,638,665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">6CECCB95-325C-4E9D-9A17-55FEED5B269F</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[729,859,673,699]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="21.[360,1227,602,699]" box="[729,859,673,699]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation box="[729,859,673,699]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionStartId-1="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionText-0="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 1112</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,310,738,764]" box="[189,310,738,764]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,310,738,764]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,310,738,764]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,1398,785,846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Both the female and male of
<taxonomicName authority="Kuhlmann, 2014" authorityName="Kuhlmann" authorityYear="2014" box="[527,686,785,812]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteistigma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[527,686,785,812]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. luteistigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[693,784,786,812]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be separated from all other species of this group by the bright yellowish stigma (
<figureCitation box="[561,672,820,846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 11A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[685,739,820,846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">12A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,324,886,912]" box="[189,324,886,912]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,324,886,912]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,324,886,912]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,1225,932,958]" box="[189,1225,932,958]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Named after the unique bright yellow stigma in the forewing of both males and females.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,549,998,1025]" box="[189,549,998,1025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,364,998,1024]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type material</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount box="[379,541,998,1025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">77 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,1399,1045,1141]" box="[234,348,1045,1071]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[234,348,1045,1071]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus box="[234,348,1045,1071]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,1399,1045,1141]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626809311" collectingDate="2012-08-22" collectionCode="SANC" country="South Africa" elevation="170" latitude="-31.431665" location="Gemsbokrivier-Pad" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="18.92111" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry box="[189,408,1080,1106]" name="South Africa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount box="[423,445,1080,1106]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female"></specimenCount>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E5199729F14271EFDC4874DFE0EFAFC:B3277EBF9F142713FE648121FD1DFBED" box="[463,695,1079,1105]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.431665" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="18.92111" name="Gemsbokrivier-Pad" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gemsbokrivier-Pad</location>
,
<locationDeviation box="[711,1007,1079,1106]" location="Grootdrif" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<quantity box="[711,796,1079,1106]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="4.5">4.5 km</quantity>
NE of Grootdrif
</locationDeviation>
, road side,
<quantity box="[1151,1231,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="170.0">
<elevation box="[1151,1231,1080,1106]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1247,1393,1079,1106]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-31.431665">31°25'54&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[189,333,1114,1141]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="15" seconds="16" value="18.92111">18°55'16&quot; E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[346,508,1115,1141]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2012-08-22">
<collectingDate box="[346,508,1115,1141]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2012-08-22">22 Aug. 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, MK (
<collectionCode box="[582,667,1115,1141]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" name="Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">SANC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,1399,1180,1418]" box="[234,359,1180,1206]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[234,359,1180,1206]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus box="[234,359,1180,1206]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,1399,1180,1418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry box="[189,407,1215,1241]" name="South Africa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount box="[421,505,1215,1242]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">43 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, same data as
<typeStatus box="[684,787,1215,1241]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">holotype</typeStatus>
(SANC
<specimenCount box="[895,964,1215,1242]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, NHML
<specimenCount box="[1076,1160,1215,1242]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">25 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, RCMK
<specimenCount box="[1273,1355,1215,1242]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">13 ♀♀</specimenCount>
);
<specimenCount pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, idem,
<date box="[303,470,1251,1277]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2010-08-20">20 Aug. 2010</date>
, MK (NHML);
<specimenCount box="[664,733,1251,1277]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[748,797,1251,1277]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, idem,
<date box="[887,1051,1250,1277]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2011-08-15">15 Aug. 2011</date>
, MK (NHML
<specimenCount box="[1227,1296,1251,1277]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, RCMK
<specimenCount box="[189,237,1286,1312]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
);
<specimenCount box="[263,309,1286,1312]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, idem,
<date box="[402,567,1286,1312]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2011-08-20">20 Aug. 2011</date>
, MK (NHML);
<specimenCount box="[762,810,1286,1312]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, idem,
<date box="[901,1053,1286,1312]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2012-08-09">9 Aug. 2012</date>
, MK (RCMK);
<specimenCount box="[1247,1316,1286,1312]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, idem,
<date box="[189,354,1321,1347]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2012-08-17">17 Aug. 2012</date>
, MK (RCMK);
<specimenCount box="[546,629,1321,1348]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">15 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, idem,
<date box="[718,864,1321,1347]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2012-09-04">4 Sep. 2012</date>
, MK (NHML
<specimenCount box="[1036,1119,1321,1347]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">12 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, RCMK
<specimenCount box="[1230,1296,1321,1347]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
);
<specimenCount box="[1324,1392,1321,1347]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Knersvlakte,
<quantity box="[346,405,1356,1383]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
N of Grootdrif,
<quantity box="[601,678,1356,1383]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="195.0">195 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[691,834,1356,1382]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-31.444443">31°26'40&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[847,992,1356,1383]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="15" seconds="23" value="18.939722">18°56'23&quot; E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[1005,1163,1356,1382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2007-09-21">21 Sep. 2007</date>
, KT (NHML
<specimenCount box="[1325,1392,1356,1383]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, RCMK
<specimenCount box="[283,348,1391,1418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
);
<specimenCount box="[374,441,1391,1418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, idem,
<date box="[528,690,1391,1418]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2008-08-24">24 Aug. 2008</date>
, MK (NHML, RCMK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,334,1457,1483]" box="[189,334,1457,1483]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,334,1457,1483]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,334,1457,1483]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,506,1504,1565]" box="[234,325,1504,1530]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[234,325,1504,1530]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,506,1504,1565]" box="[189,506,1538,1565]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
BODY LENGTH.
<quantity box="[357,501,1538,1565]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="4.85" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.5">4.55.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,1399,1604,1771]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
HEAD. Head slightly wider than long. Integument black, except part of mandibles dark reddish-brown. Face sparsely covered with long, greyish, erect hair (
<figureCitation box="[802,907,1639,1665]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). Clypeus slightly convex with sparse fine and shallow punctation (i = 23 d); surface between punctures apically superficial and shiny, basally distinctly reticulate and matt (
<figureCitation box="[537,618,1709,1736]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
CD). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally light brown, ventrally yellowish-brown (
<figureCitation box="[666,772,1745,1771]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[189,1399,1810,1978]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
MESOSOMA. Integument black. Mesoscutal disc between punctures densely reticulate, matt; disc sparsely (i = 35 d) and shallowly punctate (
<figureCitation box="[710,791,1845,1871]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
EF). Metanotum slightly shorter than basal area of propodeum, apically with narrow carinate depression (
<figureCitation box="[826,929,1880,1907]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
). Propodeum broadly but finely carinate (
<figureCitation box="[198,302,1916,1942]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
). Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum sparsely covered with short, greyish, erect hair (
<figureCitation box="[489,597,1951,1977]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[189,1298,267,294]" box="[189,1298,267,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
WINGS. Yellowish-brown; wing venation yellowish-brown, stigma bright yellowish (
<figureCitation box="[1177,1285,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[189,1399,333,394]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">LEGS. Integument black to dark reddish-brown; fore and mid tibia basally with small yellowish spot. Vestiture greyish-white, scopa greyish-white.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[189,1398,433,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
METASOMA. Integument black, apical margins of terga narrowly translucent yellowish to reddish-brown (
<figureCitation box="[198,309,469,495]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). Discs of T1T4 without hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (
<figureCitation box="[1274,1385,469,495]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" targetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph blockId="22.[189,1399,1926,1988]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,279,1926,1952]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Kuhlmann, 2014" authorityName="Kuhlmann" authorityYear="2014" box="[285,521,1926,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteistigma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[285,521,1926,1953]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Scrapter luteistigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[528,620,1927,1953]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ♀.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[668,689,1926,1952]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[861,880,1927,1953]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
. Metasoma (dorsal view).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1191,1212,1926,1952]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
. Head.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1302,1323,1927,1953]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
. Head (SEM).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[281,300,1962,1988]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
. Thorax (dorsal view).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[570,588,1962,1988]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">F</emphasis>
. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="23.[189,1398,267,329]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae yellowish-brown. Terga impunctate, densely sculptured and matt; T2T4 with indistinct, narrow apical tergal depression (
<figureCitation box="[842,949,302,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,554,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[189,1399,554,1886]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 11. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Metasoma (dorsal view). C. Head. D. Head (SEM). E. Thorax (dorsal view). F. Thorax (dorsal view, SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860618/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[189,506,368,430]" box="[234,298,368,394]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[234,298,368,394]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="23.[189,506,368,430]" box="[189,506,403,430]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
BODY LENGTH.
<quantity box="[357,501,403,430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="4.4">4.44.7 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" targetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph blockId="23.[187,1398,1860,1922]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[187,279,1860,1886]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Kuhlmann, 2014" authorityName="Kuhlmann" authorityYear="2014" box="[284,521,1860,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Scrapter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteistigma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[284,521,1860,1887]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Scrapter luteistigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[528,620,1861,1887]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ♂.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[666,687,1860,1886]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,878,1861,1887]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
. Antenna.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1002,1023,1860,1886]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C</emphasis>
. Metasoma (dorsal view).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1333,1354,1861,1887]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">D</emphasis>
. S7 (dorsal view, SEM).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[431,451,1896,1922]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E</emphasis>
. Hind tibia.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[598,616,1896,1922]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F</emphasis>
. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,1399,267,364]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
HEAD. Head slightly wider than long. Integument black, except mandible partly dark reddish-brown. Face densely covered with long, greyish-white, erect hair. Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antennal flagellum bright yellowish-orange, medioapically broadened (
<figureCitation box="[1029,1137,338,364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,1398,403,500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
MESOSOMA. Integument black. Mesoscutal disc impunctate, strongly and densely sculptured, completely matt. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum covered with long, greyish, erect hair (
<figureCitation box="[315,424,473,500]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,1363,539,566]" box="[189,1363,539,566]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation yellowish-brown, stigma bright yellow (
<figureCitation box="[1240,1350,539,565]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,1399,604,701]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
LEGS. Integument black, tarsi, tibiae and femora apically yellow, tibia on both sides with darker spots of variable size (
<figureCitation box="[353,495,640,666]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12A, E</figureCitation>
). Hind tibia basally slightly curved, apically broadened and with a dense tuft of short, white hair on the inside (
<figureCitation box="[593,699,675,701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
). Vestiture greyish-white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,1399,740,907]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
METASOMA. Integument black, apical margins of terga narrowly translucent yellowish-brown (
<figureCitation box="[1278,1386,740,766]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
). T1 medially, T2 densely and following terga successively less covered with short, appressed scale-like hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (
<figureCitation box="[781,889,811,837]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
). Terga impunctate, densely sculptured and matt; terga with narrow apical tergal depression (
<figureCitation box="[791,903,846,872]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
). S3S5 without conspicuous apical hair fringes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,1079,946,973]" box="[189,1079,946,973]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
TERMINALIA. S7 (
<figureCitation box="[384,491,946,973]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
) and terminal plate of S8 (
<figureCitation box="[804,906,946,973]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[187,230,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,485,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1399,484,1817]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 12. Scrapter luteistigma sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Antenna. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S7 (dorsal view, SEM). E. Hind tibia. F. S8, apical end (SEM). Scale bars: photos: 1 mm, SEM: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860620/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
) as illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,342,1012,1038]" box="[189,342,1012,1038]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,342,1012,1038]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,342,1012,1038]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,1398,1058,1120]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
The species is only known from the
<typeStatus box="[631,682,1059,1085]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
locality in the Knersvlakte, a semi-desert plane in southern Namaqualand.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,337,1159,1185]" box="[189,337,1159,1185]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,337,1159,1185]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,337,1159,1185]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Floral hosts</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,573,1206,1232]" box="[189,573,1206,1232]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName box="[189,316,1206,1232]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Aizoaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fenzl ex Harv &amp; Sond" authorityYear="1862" box="[327,565,1206,1232]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Galenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarcophylla">
<emphasis box="[327,565,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Galenia sarcophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,399,1271,1297]" box="[189,399,1271,1297]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading bold="true" box="[189,399,1271,1297]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,399,1271,1297]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Seasonal activity</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[189,420,1318,1344]" box="[189,420,1318,1344]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">AugustSeptember.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>