187 lines
17 KiB
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187 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad9fadb9-dae2-4d9e-99ac-18720e54e2fa" ID-PMC="PMC4304033" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-472-117" ID-PubMed="25632252" ID-ZBK="F9D10185A581424093C1B35A960F5F88" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-472-117" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 472" ModsDocTitle="Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)" checkinTime="1451244827731" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mally, Richard, Korycinska, Anastasia, Agassiz, David J. L., Hall, Jayne, Hodgetts, Jennifer & Nuss, Matthias" docDate="2015" docId="18B1138ECFDEE9FBF6B8F819D836B8E8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 472: 117-162" docOrigin="ZooKeys 472" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781" docTitle="Leucinodes kenyensis Mally, Korycinska, Agassiz, Hall, Hodgetts & Nuss, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="C96D9272-2CEB-4916-948E-72C2999F35C3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="FFE27F4AFFB0563AFFFBFF814072DA71" masterDocTitle="Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="117" pageNumber="131" updateTime="1668159804888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Korycinska, Anastasia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Agassiz, David J. L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hall, Jayne</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hodgetts, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nuss, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>472</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>117</mods:start>
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<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-472-117</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F9D10185A581424093C1B35A960F5F88</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F9D10185A581424093C1B35A960F5F88</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152057700" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C96D9272-2CEB-4916-948E-72C2999F35C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18B1138ECFDEE9FBF6B8F819D836B8E8" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="131" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Crambidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="131" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C96D9272-2CEB-4916-948E-72C2999F35C3" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes kenyensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kenyensis">Leucinodes kenyensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="14" pageNumber="131">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 5, 18, 26, 34
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="132" type="type-locality">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="132" start="start">Type-locality</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">
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Kenya, Eastern Province, Marsabit District, Marsabit National Park Forest, 1158 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.2332666">2°13.996'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="37.927933">37°55.676'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 29 December 2003, R. S. Copeland leg.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="132" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">
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Type-specimens. Holotype 1♂ "Kenya: Marsabit National | Park Forest. 1158 m. |
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.2332666">2°13.996'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="37.927933">37°55.676'E</geoCoordinate>
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. | 29 Dec 2003, A&M Coll. #2636 | R.S. Copeland; ICIPE/USDA", "Reared from fruit: | Withania somnifera", DNA Barcode "USNM ENT 007/19337", "1133 | Nuss prep. no.", coll. NMK. Paratypes 1♂, 1♀, same data, DNA Barcodes USNM ENT 719338, 719339, Nuss prep. no. 1135 (1♀ NMK, 1♂ SMTD); 1♀ Kenya, Laikipia Plateau, Mpala Research Centre,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="0.293">0.293°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="36.899">36.899°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1650 m, 21.-24.vi.2005, leg. S.E. Miller, DNA Barcode USNM ENT 719976, Nuss prep. no. 1134 (USNM). - Additional material. ZIMBABWE. 1♂ Mashonaland, leg. H. B. Dobbie, prep. RM694 (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="132" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">
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Frons less strongly bulged than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes orbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbonalis">Leucinodes orbonalis</taxonomicName>
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. Wing pattern indistinguishable from those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes orbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbonalis">Leucinodes orbonalis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes africensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africensis">Leucinodes africensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes rimavallis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimavallis">Leucinodes rimavallis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes pseudorbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudorbonalis">Leucinodes pseudorbonalis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucinodes</taxonomicName>
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spp., but distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes malawiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malawiensis">Leucinodes malawiensis</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of the forewing basal transversal streak and the presence of the apical half moon-shaped patch, and from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes laisalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laisalis">Leucinodes laisalis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes ethiopica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethiopica">Leucinodes ethiopica</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes ugandensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ugandensis">Leucinodes ugandensis</taxonomicName>
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by the predominantly white forewing ground colour. Distinguished in male genitalia from all other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucinodes</taxonomicName>
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species except "
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucinodes</taxonomicName>
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spp." (see below) by the prominent distal sacculus process arching anteriodorsally above the shorter, conical fibula. Distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucinodes</taxonomicName>
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spp. by the more or less bulged subapical portion of costa (straight in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucinodes</taxonomicName>
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spp.) and the weakly sclerotized basal section of the sacculus process (between sacculus and distal hook-shaped process) which is as wide as base of hook-shaped process (strongly sclerotized and narrower than base of hook-shaped process in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucinodes</taxonomicName>
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spp.). Female genitalia resemble those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes rimavallis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimavallis">Leucinodes rimavallis</taxonomicName>
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in having an anteriad triangular process on each side of sternite 8 extending into the lateral antrum pockets, but the exocuticle of the anterior antrum forms a sclerotized tube (short sclerotized section in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes rimavallis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimavallis">Leucinodes rimavallis</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" type="description of adults">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">Description of adults.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">Head. As for the genus, with frons slightly bulged.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">Thorax. As for the genus, with dorsal side brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">
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Wings. Forewing length ♂ 9.0 mm, ♀ 9.0 mm; wing pattern as in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes orbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbonalis">Leucinodes orbonalis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="132">Abdomen. First segment whitish, remainder light to dark brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="133">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="133" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
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genitalia. As for the genus, apart from: saccus bent posteriodorsad (not an artifact of embedding); juxta oval to rectangular; valvae roughly triangular; costa subapically more or less bulged; ventral valva apex flipped over, covered with small tubercles; ventral valva edge smoothly rounded at sacculus; base of sacculus process broad, weakly sclerotized, leading over to a large, strongly sclerotized hook which encompasses the fibula dorsally; fibula conical, slightly curved, its base somewhat constricted, projecting dorsad; phallus similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes orbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbonalis">Leucinodes orbonalis</taxonomicName>
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, posteriodorsal apodeme with short dentate sclerite (sometimes indistinct), vesica with area of minute teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Female genitalia. As for the genus, apart from: anterior antrum with tubular sclerotized exocuticle; sclerotized wall at antero-ventral edge of the ostium bursae which at rest closes the ostium bursae against abdominal segment 8. This wall is not melanized and can be stained with chlorazol black. It is delimited dorso-laterally by sclerotized and melanized lobes arising from the anterior edge of segment 8 just ventral of the apophyses anteriores. Anterior to the sclerotized wall there is a small, melanized colliculum.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="133" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="133">The species is named after Kenya, the only country from where it is confidently recorded so far.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="133">So far only known from Kenya. The record from Zimbabwe needs confirmation by investigation of female specimens and molecular analysis.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="133" type="foodplants">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Foodplants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Withania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Withania somnifera" order="Solanales" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somnifera">Withania somnifera</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Dunal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="133" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="133">
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There are further male specimens with indistinctive wing pattern and very similar genitalia, but DNA Barcode data suggest that among them are at least two further species. For more information, see under
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucinodes</taxonomicName>
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spp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |