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<document id="23B8D6657DB4AB176B0F0EBBB35C3A5D" ID-CLB-Dataset="267792" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5344.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="40bbb946-727e-47fb-a2c5-94ebda5cb2f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8346050" ID-ZooBank="DCF48473-AC31-4CDB-808F-453F8F280002" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1694704746211" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gąsiorek, Piotr &amp; Vončina, Katarzyna" docDate="2023" docId="8119D633B962FFD21CEDF9CEBA32FEEF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5344.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5344 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5344.1.1/51852" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echiniscus merokensis Richters 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="7D20AE4BB941FFF71C7AFFA8B971FFAE" masterDocTitle="Atlas of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of the World-part I: West Palaearctic Echiniscus species" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1699675411915" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1289A4077E8E2FF518D16B99C4881417">Atlas of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of the World-part I: West Palaearctic Echiniscus species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8BFC00614E860F32F14E0E9744794D97">Gąsiorek, Piotr</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="027399698FD6D2C3A7559BEE3A1AE30D">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland. &amp; Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5 - 7, DK- 1350; Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B20193B0BB1ABD2878A8DF678348740A">Vončina, Katarzyna</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F71D2D4BEC9392E7A3380FD2AE549566" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3210-0407</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3004F82E79215DB283E32D259C7DFDED">Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland. &amp; Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. katarzyna. voncina @ senckenberg. de https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3210 - 0407 Correspondence: piotr. lukas. gasiorek @ gmail. com https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2814 - 8117 &amp; Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="130194CEACD2D45F528BEE92809271A5" type="email">katarzyna.voncina@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="56B4FAEB58DAC0806A010A23D272C682">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E853863671655E08360CAA86ECD92EB9">5344</mods:number>
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<treatment id="8119D633B962FFD21CEDF9CEBA32FEEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8349264" ID-GBIF-Taxon="213153060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8349264" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8119D633B962FFD21CEDF9CEBA32FEEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8119D633B962FFD21CEDF9CEBA32FEEF" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB962FFD41CEDF9CEBBE9F92E" box="[151,664,1638,1665]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="090F6725B962FFD41CEDF9CEBBE9F92E" blockId="35.[151,664,1638,1701]" box="[151,664,1638,1665]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="5247D049B962FFD41CEDF9CEBBE9F92E" bold="true" box="[151,664,1638,1665]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41CEDF9CEBBE9F92E" bold="true" box="[151,664,1638,1665]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41CEDF9CEB9CDF92E" bold="true" box="[151,188,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B962FFD41CBDF9CEBBE9F92E" ID-CoL="38FZT" ID-ENA="576296" authority="Richters, 1904" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[199,664,1638,1665]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41CBDF9CEB8ACF92F" bold="true" box="[199,477,1638,1665]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Echiniscus merokensis</emphasis>
Richters, 1904
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB962FFD41CEDF922B849F90B" box="[151,312,1674,1701]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="090F6725B962FFD41CEDF922B849F90B" blockId="35.[151,664,1638,1701]" box="[151,312,1674,1701]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B962FFD41CEDF922B849F90B" box="[151,312,1674,1701]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 18" captionStart-1="FIGURE 19" captionStart-2="FIGURE 20" captionStartId-0="35.[152,255,1424,1448]" captionStartId-1="36.[152,255,1552,1576]" captionStartId-2="37.[152,255,948,972]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,669,1529]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,345,925]" captionTargetId-0="figure-176@35.[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetId-1="figure-230@36.[151,1435,669,1529]" captionTargetId-2="figure-98@37.[151,1436,345,925]" captionTargetPageId-0="35" captionTargetPageId-1="36" captionTargetPageId-2="37" captionText-0="FIGURE 18. Echiniscus merokensis from Scotland (PCM): A—no appendage in position B (E. merokensis merokensis), B— cirrus B present (E. merokensis suecicus syn. nov.), C—cirrus B and spine Bd present (a rare morphological variety described by Ramazzotti in 1958), D—cirri B and Bd present (a newly reported form). Arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 19. Echiniscus merokensis from Scotland (PCM): larva. Scale bar = 20 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 20. Echiniscus batramiae syn. nov. (PCM, syntype): A—scapular plate, B—median body portion. Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346093" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346095" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346097" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8346093/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8346095/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8346097/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figures 18–20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB962FFD41CEDF967BBA3F810" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="090F6725B962FFD41CEDF967B873F949" blockId="35.[151,806,1743,1982]" box="[151,258,1743,1767]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Synonyms</paragraph>
<paragraph id="090F6725B962FFD41CEDF946BB2DF8A8" blockId="35.[151,806,1743,1982]" box="[151,604,1774,1798]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B962FFD41CEDF946B888F8A8" ID-CoL="f7c7c891-2782-4bfb-9e68-7edd7335c2ed" authority="Iharos, 1936" authorityName="Iharos" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,505,1774,1798]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="batramiae">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41CEDF946B802F8A8" box="[151,371,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Echiniscus batramiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B962FFD41D00F946B888F8A8" author="Iharos, A." box="[378,505,1774,1798]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="218 - 220" refId="ref33152" refString="Iharos, A. (1936) Zwei neue Tardigraden-Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 115 (7 - 8), 218 - 220." type="journal article" year="1936">Iharos, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41D85F946BB2DF8A8" bold="true" box="[511,604,1774,1798]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="20F7064CB962FFD41D85F946BB2DF8A8" box="[511,604,1774,1798]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="090F6725B962FFD41CEDF8A4BB11F88A" blockId="35.[151,806,1743,1982]" box="[151,608,1804,1829]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B962FFD41CEDF8A4B88CF88A" ID-CoL="38FXW" authority="Murray, 1911" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,509,1804,1829]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="columinis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41CEDF8A4B81FF88A" box="[151,366,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Echiniscus columinis</emphasis>
Murray, 1911
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41E79F8A4BB11F88A" bold="true" box="[515,608,1804,1828]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="20F7064CB962FFD41E79F8A4BB11F88A" box="[515,608,1804,1828]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="090F6725B962FFD41CEDF883BA57F8ED" blockId="35.[151,806,1743,1982]" box="[151,806,1835,1859]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B962FFD41CEDF883B883F8ED" authority="Rudescu, 1964" authorityName="Rudescu" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,498,1835,1859]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="iharosi">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41CEDF883B823F8ED" box="[151,338,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Echiniscus iharosi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B962FFD41D22F883B883F8ED" author="Rudescu, L." box="[344,498,1835,1859]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 308" refId="ref37503" refString="Rudescu, L. (1964) Tardigrada. Fauna Republicii Populare Romine, 4 (7), 1 - 308." type="journal article" year="1964">Rudescu, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B962FFD41D86F883BA57F8ED" author="Ramazzotti, G. &amp; Maucci, W." box="[508,806,1835,1859]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 1011" refId="ref37084" refString="Ramazzotti, G. &amp; Maucci, W. (1983) Il Phylum Tardigrada. III edizione riveduta e aggiornata. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 41, 1 - 1011." type="journal article" year="1983">Ramazzotti &amp; Maucci (1983)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="090F6725B962FFD41CEDF8E2BB13F8CC" blockId="35.[151,806,1743,1982]" box="[151,610,1865,1890]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B962FFD41CEDF8E2B88FF8CF" ID-CoL="6DVSC" authority="Mihelcic, 1951" authorityName="Mihelcic" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,510,1865,1890]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="jagodici">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41CEDF8E2B82FF8CC" box="[151,350,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Echiniscus jagodici</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B962FFD41D1FF8E2B88FF8CF" author="Mihelcic, F." box="[357,510,1865,1890]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="57 - 103" refId="ref35328" refString="Mihelcic, F. (1951) Beitrag zur Systematik de Tardigraden. Archivio Zoologico Italiano, 36, 57 - 103." type="journal article" year="1951">Mihelčič, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41E7EF8E2BB13F8CC" bold="true" box="[516,610,1866,1890]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="20F7064CB962FFD41E7EF8E2BB13F8CC" box="[516,610,1866,1890]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="090F6725B962FFD41CEDF8C0BBEEF82E" blockId="35.[151,806,1743,1982]" box="[151,671,1896,1920]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B962FFD41CEDF8C0BB4AF82E" ID-CoL="38FZ5" authority="Rudescu, 1964" authorityName="Rudescu" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,571,1896,1920]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="laterospinosus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41CEDF8C0B8EFF82E" box="[151,414,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Echiniscus laterospinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B962FFD41DDEF8C0BB4AF82E" author="Rudescu, L." box="[420,571,1896,1920]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 308" refId="ref37503" refString="Rudescu, L. (1964) Tardigrada. Fauna Republicii Populare Romine, 4 (7), 1 - 308." type="journal article" year="1964">Rudescu, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41E3BF8C0BBEEF82E" bold="true" box="[577,671,1896,1920]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="20F7064CB962FFD41E3BF8C0BBEEF82E" box="[577,671,1896,1920]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="090F6725B962FFD41CEDF82FBBB5F831" blockId="35.[151,806,1743,1982]" box="[151,708,1927,1951]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B962FFD41CEDF82FBB10F831" ID-CoL="5H27P" authority="Thulin, 1911" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,609,1927,1951]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="subSpecies" species="merokensis" subSpecies="suecicus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41CEDF82FB8A8F831" box="[151,473,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Echiniscus merokensis suecicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B962FFD41DA4F82FBB10F831" author="Thulin, G." box="[478,609,1927,1951]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref38114" refString="Thulin, G. (1911) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Tardigradenfauna Schwedens. Arkiv f ˆ r zoologi, 7, 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1270" type="journal article" year="1911">Thulin, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41E1DF82FBBB5F831" bold="true" box="[615,708,1927,1951]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="20F7064CB962FFD41E1DF82FBBB5F831" box="[615,708,1927,1951]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="090F6725B962FFD41CEDF80EBBA3F810" blockId="35.[151,806,1743,1982]" box="[151,722,1958,1982]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B962FFD41CEDF80EB8ACF810" ID-CoL="38G3F" authority="Marcus, 1928" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,477,1958,1982]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="simba">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41CEDF80EB839F810" box="[151,328,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Echiniscus simba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B962FFD41D34F80EB8ACF810" author="Marcus, E." box="[334,477,1958,1982]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref34482" refString="Marcus, E. (1928) Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea. IV. Bartierchen (Tardigrada). Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile Jena, 12, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1928">Marcus, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B962FFD41D9DF80EBBA3F810" author="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Morek, W. &amp; Stec, D. &amp; Michalczyk, L." box="[487,722,1958,1982]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="633 - 653" refId="ref31563" refString="Gasiorek, P., Morek, W., Stec, D. &amp; Michalczyk, L. (2019 b) Untangling the Echiniscus Gordian knot: paraphyly of the &quot; arctomys group &quot; (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae). Cladistics, 35 (6), 633 - 653. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12377" type="journal article" year="2019">
Gąsiorek
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B962FFD41E33F80EBB04F810" box="[585,629,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. (2019b)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB965FFD31CEDFF3FBD57FF1F" box="[151,1062,151,177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="090F6725B965FFD31CEDFF3FBD57FF1F" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[151,1062,151,177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31CEDFF3FB841FF1E" box="[151,304,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Locus typicus</emphasis>
: Amsterdamøya (
<collectingCountry id="71A727B5B965FFD31D8DFF3FBB2FFF1F" box="[503,606,151,177]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
) and Merok (
<collectingCountry id="71A727B5B965FFD31E8CFF3FBA25FF1F" box="[758,852,151,177]" name="Norway" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Norway</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B965FFD31F13FF3FBD6BFF1F" author="Richters, F." box="[873,1050,151,177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="495 - 508" refId="ref37254" refString="Richters, F. (1904 b) Arktische Tardigraden. Fauna Arctica, 3, 495 - 508." type="journal article" year="1904">Richters 1904b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB965FFD31CBDFF13BDD9FF7B" box="[199,1192,187,213]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="090F6725B965FFD31CBDFF13BDD9FF7B" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[199,1192,187,213]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Etymology: Referring to the
<typeStatus id="D60BD987B965FFD31E71FF13BB4AFF7B" box="[523,571,187,213]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
locality in Merok. An adjective in nominative singular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB965FFD31CBDFF77BBD8FD93" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="090F6725B965FFD31CBDFF77BBD8FD93" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Shortened description: Small to medium-sized (
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31E9DFF77BA70FF56" box="[743,769,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ca</emphasis>
. 170–230 μm). Body appendage configuration
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31965FF77B85AFEB2" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
A-(B)-(
<superScript id="FEC5CA6DB965FFD31915FF77BCF8FF42" attach="left" box="[1391,1417,222,249]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bd</superScript>
)-
<superScript id="FEC5CA6DB965FFD31CEDFEABB869FEB2" attach="left" box="[151,280,258,285]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C-Cd- D-Dd-</superScript>
E
</emphasis>
, with appendages
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31E79FEABBB65FEB2" box="[515,532,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
often and
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31EE9FEABBBDDFEBE" box="[659,684,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<superScript id="FEC5CA6DB965FFD31EE9FEABBBDDFEBE" attach="left" box="[659,684,258,284]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bd</superScript>
</emphasis>
usually absent. An enormous variability of chaetotaxy: all lateral appendages are long cirri (
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B965FFD31DBBFE8FBB65FEEF" box="[449,532,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="35.[152,255,1424,1448]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-176@35.[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 18. Echiniscus merokensis from Scotland (PCM): A—no appendage in position B (E. merokensis merokensis), B— cirrus B present (E. merokensis suecicus syn. nov.), C—cirrus B and spine Bd present (a rare morphological variety described by Ramazzotti in 1958), D—cirri B and Bd present (a newly reported form). Arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346093/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
), but dorsal appendages can be both long, rigid spines (
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B965FFD318F8FE8FBC60FEEF" box="[1154,1297,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="35.[152,255,1424,1448]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-176@35.[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 18. Echiniscus merokensis from Scotland (PCM): A—no appendage in position B (E. merokensis merokensis), B— cirrus B present (E. merokensis suecicus syn. nov.), C—cirrus B and spine Bd present (a rare morphological variety described by Ramazzotti in 1958), D—cirri B and Bd present (a newly reported form). Arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346093/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 18A, D</figureCitation>
), or reduced spicules (
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B965FFD31D7BFEE3B8FEFECB" box="[257,399,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="35.[152,255,1424,1448]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-176@35.[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 18. Echiniscus merokensis from Scotland (PCM): A—no appendage in position B (E. merokensis merokensis), B— cirrus B present (E. merokensis suecicus syn. nov.), C—cirrus B and spine Bd present (a rare morphological variety described by Ramazzotti in 1958), D—cirri B and Bd present (a newly reported form). Arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346093/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 18B–C</figureCitation>
). Asymmetries frequent. Dorsal plate sculpturing embraces (1) dominant large pseudopores and (2) endocuticular pillars protruding to epicuticle as granules connected by
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31872FEC7BD39FE26" box="[1032,1096,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">striae</emphasis>
(the
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD318FBFEC7BD8FFE27" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[1153,1278,367,393]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD318FBFEC7BD8FFE27" box="[1153,1278,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="D60BD987B965FFD3197FFEC7BC4BFE27" box="[1285,1338,367,393]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
). Caudal plate usually with unsculptured epicuticular ridges forming a cross (
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B965FFD31FDBFE3BBD5EFE03" box="[929,1071,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="35.[152,255,1424,1448]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-176@35.[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 18. Echiniscus merokensis from Scotland (PCM): A—no appendage in position B (E. merokensis merokensis), B— cirrus B present (E. merokensis suecicus syn. nov.), C—cirrus B and spine Bd present (a rare morphological variety described by Ramazzotti in 1958), D—cirri B and Bd present (a newly reported form). Arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346093/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 18B–D</figureCitation>
, arrowheads). Dentate collar IV with numerous irregular teeth. Claws of a moderate size with respect to the body length, with primary spurs closely positioned to claw bases, but clearly divergent from their bases and easily identifiable. Larvae with a simplified sculpturing that comprises only endocuticular pillars and single pores, distributed mainly in scapular and caudal plates. Body appendage formula
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31E73FD8BBB49FD93" box="[521,568,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A–E</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B965FFD31E32FD8BBBEAFD93" box="[584,667,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="36.[152,255,1552,1576]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,669,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-230@36.[151,1435,669,1529]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 19. Echiniscus merokensis from Scotland (PCM): larva. Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346095/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41AA34AEB965FFD21CBDFDEFBA32FEEF" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="090F6725B965FFD31CBDFDEFB8E6FD2B" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Phylogenetic position: The species belongs within the
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD31F52FDEFBAD4FDCF" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[808,933,583,609]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31F52FDEFBAD4FDCF" box="[808,933,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, being sister to
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD318E4FDEFB864FD2B" authority="Gasiorek et al., 2021" authorityName="Gasiorek" authorityYear="2021" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="pellucidus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD318E4FDEFBC41FDCF" box="[1182,1328,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">E. pellucidus</emphasis>
Gąsiorek
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31CEDFDC3B9B9FD2B" box="[151,200,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
., 2021
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 1–2).
</paragraph>
<caption id="5DCF37ADB965FFD31CE2F9B8BD70F987" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8346095" box="[152,1025,1552,1577]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346095/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[152,255,1552,1576]" targetBox="[151,1435,669,1529]" targetPageId="36" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="090F6725B965FFD31CE2F9B8BD70F987" blockId="36.[152,1025,1552,1577]" box="[152,1025,1552,1577]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31CE2F9B8B854F986" bold="true" box="[152,293,1552,1576]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD31D51F9B9BB61F987" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[299,528,1553,1577]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31D51F9B9BB61F987" box="[299,528,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Echiniscus merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Scotland (PCM): larva. Scale bar = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="090F6725B965FFD21CBDF9FFBA32FEEF" blockId="36.[151,1437,1623,2009]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,150,321]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Remarks:The species is cosmopolitan(
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B965FFD31E15F9FFBA04F9DF" author="Roszkowska, M. &amp; Grobys, D. &amp; Zawierucha, K. &amp; Kmita, H. &amp; Kaczmarek, L." box="[623,885,1623,1649]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="79" refId="ref37433" refString="Roszkowska, M., Grobys, D., Zawierucha, K., Kmita, H. &amp; Kaczmarek, L. (2018) Clarification of taxonomic status and geographic distribution of Echiniscus merokensis Richters, 1904 sensu lato in the light of integrative taxonomy. Abstract Book of the 14 th International Symposium on Tardigrada, Copenhagen, 30 July - 3 August, 79." type="journal article" year="2018">
Roszkowska
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31F78F9F0BA5EF9DF" box="[770,815,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
.2018
</bibRefCitation>
),usually exhibiting cold stenothermic preferences. An extensive taxonomic literature is devoted to the distinction between
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD31FB2F9D4BD14F93B" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[968,1125,1659,1685]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31FB2F9D4BD14F93B" box="[968,1125,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">E. merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD318E4F9D4BC1BF93B" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1902" box="[1182,1386,1659,1685]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="quadrispinosus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD318E4F9D4BC1BF93B" box="[1182,1386,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">E. quadrispinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(for details see
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31D6EF908B844F917" box="[276,309,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">e.g</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B965FFD31D3EF937BB34F917" author="Lattes, A. &amp; Gallelli, F. T." box="[324,581,1695,1721]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="137 - 152" refId="ref34254" refString="Lattes, A. &amp; Gallelli, F. T. (1972) Variabilita intraspecifica di Echiniscus (E.) quadrispinosus Richters e differenziazione di questa specie da Echiniscus (E.) merokensis Richters. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici dell'Universita di Genova, 40, 137 - 152." type="journal article" year="1972">Lattes &amp; Gallelli 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B965FFD31E28F937BBA8F914" author="Lattes, A." box="[594,729,1695,1722]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="171 - 176" refId="ref34186" refString="Lattes, A. (1975) Differences in the sculpture between adults and juveniles of Echiniscus: a note on the importance of quantitative parameters in the systematics of the Echiniscidae. In: Higgins, R. P. (Ed.), International Symposium on Tardigrades, 1974. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 32 (Supplement), 171 - 176." type="journal article" year="1975">Lattes 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B965FFD31E9FF937BD53F917" author="Ramazzotti, G. &amp; Maucci, W." box="[741,1058,1695,1721]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 1011" refId="ref37084" refString="Ramazzotti, G. &amp; Maucci, W. (1983) Il Phylum Tardigrada. III edizione riveduta e aggiornata. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 41, 1 - 1011." type="journal article" year="1983">Ramazzotti &amp; Maucci 1983</bibRefCitation>
). This is another example of how deceiving an identification based on chaetotaxy can be, especially that the two species are not similar in the dorsal sculpturing (compare
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B965FFD31DF0F94FB8ADF8AF" box="[394,476,1767,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="35.[152,255,1424,1448]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetId="figure-176@35.[151,1435,597,1401]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 18. Echiniscus merokensis from Scotland (PCM): A—no appendage in position B (E. merokensis merokensis), B— cirrus B present (E. merokensis suecicus syn. nov.), C—cirrus B and spine Bd present (a rare morphological variety described by Ramazzotti in 1958), D—cirri B and Bd present (a newly reported form). Arrowheads indicate epicuticular ridges on the caudal plate. Scale bars = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346093/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 18</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B965FFD31E75F94FBB13F8AF" box="[527,610,1767,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="41.[152,255,1310,1334]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-19@41.[151,1435,181,1286]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 24. Echiniscus quadrispinosus from Germany—cephalic region:A—scapular plate sculpturing in upper magnification (PCM), B—scapular plate sculpturing in lower magnification (PCM), C—scapular plate sculpturing (SEM), D—cephalic appendages and subcephalic plates (SEM). Scale bars = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346105" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346105/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">24A–B</figureCitation>
) and they are not related (Figs 1–2). However, the remarkable intraspecific variability of
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD31D4EF8A4B8A3F88B" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[308,466,1803,1829]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31D4EF8A4B8A3F88B" box="[308,466,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">E. merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
historically caused much confusion (
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B965FFD31F07F8A3BD33F888" author="Ramazzotti, G." box="[893,1090,1803,1830]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="58 - 64" refId="ref36937" refString="Ramazzotti, G. (1958) Echiniscus merokensis con spine sulla piastra scapolare e variabilita di questa specie, anche nei confronti di E. quadrispinosus f. cribrosa (Tardigrada). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano, 97 (1), 58 - 64." type="journal article" year="1958">Ramazzotti 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B965FFD3182AF8A3BCFEF88B" author="Ramazzotti, G. &amp; Maucci, W." box="[1104,1423,1803,1829]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 1011" refId="ref37084" refString="Ramazzotti, G. &amp; Maucci, W. (1983) Il Phylum Tardigrada. III edizione riveduta e aggiornata. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 41, 1 - 1011." type="journal article" year="1983">Ramazzotti &amp; Maucci 1983</bibRefCitation>
), and we address this herein by establishing five new junior synonymies. The subspecies
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD318EEF898B858F8C3" authority="Thulin, 1911" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1911" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="subSpecies" species="merokensis" subSpecies="suecicus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD318EEF898BCEDF8E7" box="[1172,1436,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">E. merokensis suecicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B965FFD31CEDF8FBB858F8C3" author="Thulin, G." box="[151,297,1875,1901]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref38114" refString="Thulin, G. (1911) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Tardigradenfauna Schwedens. Arkiv f ˆ r zoologi, 7, 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1270" type="journal article" year="1911">Thulin, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31D48F8FBB8EAF8C3" bold="true" box="[306,411,1875,1901]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">syn. nov.</emphasis>
is abolished given that the presence of cirrus
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31FD4F8FCBACEF8C3" box="[942,959,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
, the only distinguishing criterion from
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD319FEF8FCB8EBF83F" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="subSpecies" species="merokensis" subSpecies="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD319FEF8FCB8EBF83F" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">E. merokensis merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is variable among many
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD31EB8F8DFBA03F83F" box="[706,882,1911,1937]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31EB8F8DFBA4AF83F" box="[706,827,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Echiniscus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B965FFD31FFBF8DFBD1EF83F" author="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Stec, D. &amp; Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L." box="[897,1135,1911,1937]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="107 - 122" refId="ref31726" refString="Gasiorek, P., Stec, D., Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L. (2017) An integrative redescription of Echiniscus testudo (Doyere, 1840), the nominal taxon for the class Heterotardigrada (Ecdysozoa: Panarthropoda: Tardigrada). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 270, 107 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2017.09.006" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gąsiorek
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31F8BF8D0BD52F83F" box="[1009,1059,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
), thus cannot be treated as reliable.
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD31C80F833BBF3F81B" authority="Iharos, 1936" authorityName="Iharos" authorityYear="1936" box="[250,642,1947,1973]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="batramiae">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31C80F833B89FF81B" box="[250,494,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Echiniscus batramiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B965FFD31D8FF833BBF3F81B" author="Iharos, A." box="[501,642,1947,1973]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="218 - 220" refId="ref33152" refString="Iharos, A. (1936) Zwei neue Tardigraden-Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 115 (7 - 8), 218 - 220." type="journal article" year="1936">Iharos, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31EF0F833BB83F81B" bold="true" box="[650,754,1947,1973]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="20F7064CB965FFD31EF0F833BB83F81B" box="[650,754,1947,1973]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
exhibits an identical chaetotaxy and dorsal sculpturing (
<figureCitation id="918B7BA0B965FFD31915F833B9C5F877" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="37.[152,255,948,972]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,925]" captionTargetId="figure-98@37.[151,1436,345,925]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 20. Echiniscus batramiae syn. nov. (PCM, syntype): A—scapular plate, B—median body portion. Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8346097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8346097/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) as
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD31C93F868B8F8F877" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[233,393,1983,2009]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31C93F868B8F8F877" box="[233,393,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">E. merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B965FFD31DE1F817BA43F877" authority="Murray, 1911" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1911" box="[411,818,1983,2009]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="columinis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31DE1F817BBFDF877" box="[411,652,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Echiniscus columinis</emphasis>
Murray, 1911
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B965FFD31F47F817BAD9F877" bold="true" box="[829,936,1983,2009]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="20F7064CB965FFD31F47F817BAD9F877" box="[829,936,1983,2009]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
also falls within the scope of intraspecific variability of
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B964FFD21D4CFF3FB8A4FF1F" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[310,469,151,177]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B964FFD21D4CFF3FB8A4FF1F" box="[310,469,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as noted before (
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B964FFD21ED0FF3FBA9EFF1F" author="Ramazzotti, G. &amp; Maucci, W." box="[682,1007,151,177]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 1011" refId="ref37084" refString="Ramazzotti, G. &amp; Maucci, W. (1983) Il Phylum Tardigrada. III edizione riveduta e aggiornata. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 41, 1 - 1011." type="journal article" year="1983">Ramazzotti &amp; Maucci 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B964FFD2187CFF3FBCEDFF1F" authority="Mihelcic, 1951" authorityName="Mihelcic" authorityYear="1951" box="[1030,1436,150,177]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="jagodici">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B964FFD2187CFF3FBD94FF1F" box="[1030,1253,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Echiniscus jagodici</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B964FFD21895FF3FBCEDFF1F" author="Mihelcic, F." box="[1263,1436,150,177]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="57 - 103" refId="ref35328" refString="Mihelcic, F. (1951) Beitrag zur Systematik de Tardigraden. Archivio Zoologico Italiano, 36, 57 - 103." type="journal article" year="1951">Mihelčič, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B964FFD21CEDFF13B871FF7B" bold="true" box="[151,256,187,213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="20F7064CB964FFD21CEDFF13B871FF7B" box="[151,256,187,213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, with previously expressed doubts regarding its validity (
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B964FFD21FF0FF13BD5AFF7B" author="Dastych, H." box="[906,1067,186,213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref30192" refString="Dastych, H. (2015) Checklisten der Fauna Osterreichs, No. 8: Tardigrada. In: Winkler, H. &amp; Stuessy, T. (Eds), Biosystematics and Ecology Series. No. 31. Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, pp. 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="2015">Dastych 2015</bibRefCitation>
), is most likely an aberrant form of
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B964FFD21CCDFF77B824FF57" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[183,341,223,249]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B964FFD21CCDFF77B824FF57" box="[183,341,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with appendages
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B964FFD21E51FF77BB4FFF57" box="[555,574,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B964FFD21E0DFF77BBE2FF42" box="[631,659,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<superScript id="FEC5CA6DB964FFD21E0DFF77BBE2FF42" attach="left" box="[631,659,222,248]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Dd</superScript>
</emphasis>
lacking. Lastly,
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B964FFD21F28FF77BDB7FF57" authority="Rudescu, 1964" authorityName="Rudescu" authorityYear="1964" box="[850,1222,223,249]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="laterospinosus">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B964FFD21F28FF77BD64FF57" box="[850,1045,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. laterospinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6D211AD4B964FFD21864FF77BDB7FF57" author="Rudescu, L." box="[1054,1222,223,249]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 308" refId="ref37503" refString="Rudescu, L. (1964) Tardigrada. Fauna Republicii Populare Romine, 4 (7), 1 - 308." type="journal article" year="1964">Rudescu, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B964FFD218B5FF77BC49FF57" bold="true" box="[1231,1336,223,249]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="20F7064CB964FFD218B5FF77BC49FF57" box="[1231,1336,223,249]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
also has an identical chaetotaxy and dorsal sculpturing as
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B964FFD21EAEFEABBA02FEB3" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[724,883,259,285]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B964FFD21EAEFEABBA02FEB3" box="[724,883,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and must be synonymised accordingly. By our designation,
<taxonomicName id="CEB01CA6B964FFD21D5CFE8FB8B3FEEF" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1904" box="[294,450,295,321]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="merokensis">
<emphasis id="3BC4BB37B964FFD21D5CFE8FB8B3FEEF" box="[294,450,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. merokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be regarded as monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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