treatments-xml/data/74/02/87/740287FA5576FFDCFF75E222A3A5E3CD.xml

<document id="D9CAB3019697B14EE9185979230CBF78" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197448" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f404d861-6038-451d-b7d6-a76a97606159" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197448" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460270039427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Coloma, Luis A., Duellman, William E., C, Ana Almendáriz, Ron, Santiago R., Terán-Valdez, Andrea &amp; Guayasamin, Juan M." docDate="2010" docId="740287FA5576FFDCFF75E222A3A5E3CD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02574p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2574" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atelopus pastuso Coloma, Duellman, C, Ron, Terán-Valdez &amp; Guayasamin, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="883BFF825565FFC7FFE2E65FA05DE009" masterDocTitle="Five new (extinct?) species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Andean Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698246553572" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4AE7513E30231398FE6404D686CD146E">Five new (extinct?) species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Andean Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6DAE4338B8C2A2BFA9C871ECA8EEEDAA">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BB386F100EDA6FD55D8564DE9E7E391">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31D9B07B10AAD34C791997E22CB4441D">C, Ana Almendáriz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8BD4D4783420BB143D4FF726BDC353F5">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11C34EABB3BFF80AACB56CDB23B8B06E">Terán-Valdez, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CAC8398EE96DE91A043848BD1D3CDA8D">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="740287FA5576FFDCFF75E222A3A5E3CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202184" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119394974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6202184" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:740287FA5576FFDCFF75E222A3A5E3CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/740287FA5576FFDCFF75E222A3A5E3CD" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<subSubSection id="B4B165675576FFD4FF75E222A195E49E" box="[151,456,1149,1175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5576FFD4FF75E222A195E49E" blockId="19.[151,456,1149,1175]" box="[151,456,1149,1175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="A75C81805576FFD4FF75E222A195E49E" bold="true" box="[151,456,1149,1175]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FF75E222A195E49E" bold="true" box="[151,456,1149,1175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5576FFD4FF75E222A13EE49E" ID-CoL="J8ZZ" box="[151,355,1149,1175]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FF75E222A13EE49E" bold="true" box="[151,355,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5EC57855576FFD4FE89E222A195E49E" box="[363,456,1149,1175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FF75E2E2A14DE4DE" bold="true" box="[151,272,1213,1239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="2310884E5576FFD4FF75E2E2A156E4DE" box="[151,267,1213,1239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295576FFD4FEF8E2E2A137E4DE" box="[282,362,1213,1239]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">QCAZ</collectionCode>
15013, adult gravid female, from near a lake in Voladero, Páramo de El Ángel (approx. 0˚41' N, 77˚53' W; ca 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FE7BE2BFA1A8E4F3" box="[409,501,1248,1274]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3750.0">3750 m</quantity>
), Provincia Carchi, 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5576FFD4FD3DE2BFA31EE4F3" box="[735,835,1248,1274]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FC3DE2BFA4FCE4F3" box="[991,1185,1248,1274]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1980-01-12">12 January 1980</date>
by Jaime Jaramillo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5576FFD4FF24E35DA4D7E7FD" blockId="19.[151,1436,1213,2036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FF24E35DA116E515" bold="true" box="[198,331,1282,1308]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="2310884E5576FFD4FF24E35DA11BE515" box="[198,326,1282,1308]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295576FFD4FEB7E35DA1F8E515" box="[341,421,1282,1308]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">QCAZ</collectionCode>
15009–12, 15014–15 (
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FD5DE35DA36BE515" box="[703,822,1282,1308]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FCA7E35DA3C7E515" box="[837,922,1282,1308]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FC4BE35DA46CE515" box="[937,1073,1282,1308]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="juvenile">3 juveniles</specimenCount>
), same data as 
<typeStatus id="2310884E5576FFD4FB09E35DA508E515" box="[1259,1365,1282,1308]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295576FFD4FA86E35DA5C6E515" box="[1380,1435,1282,1308]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y3s2-2p0h" name="Escuela Polytecnica Nacional" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">EPN</collectionCode>
3238 (
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FF06E37AA10AE536" box="[228,343,1317,1343]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
) from Chiles, 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FE1DE37AA266E536" box="[511,571,1317,1343]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
W from Lagunas Verdes on road from Tufiño to Maldonado, 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FAE8E37AA503E536" box="[1290,1374,1317,1343]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3840.0">3840m</quantity>
, Provincia Carchi, 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5576FFD4FEA1E317A1FBE56B" box="[323,422,1352,1378]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FDA1E317A358E56B" box="[579,773,1352,1378]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1986-02-08">8 February 1986</date>
by Ana Almendáriz and Patricio Ponce; KU 117840–41 (juveniles) from Volcán Chiles, 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FDF4E335A23EE58D" box="[534,611,1386,1412]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
W Tufiño, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FC67E335A406E58D" box="[901,1115,1386,1412]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1968-02-23">23 February 1968</date>
by John D. Lynch; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295576FFD4FAAEE335A5C1E58D" box="[1356,1436,1386,1412]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">QCAZ</collectionCode>
15018 (female) from San Gabriel, Provincia Carchi, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FC57E3D2A42CE5AE" box="[949,1137,1421,1447]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1980-01-01">1 January 1980</date>
by Rafael Narváez; KU 164754–57 (
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FEC8E3EFA1FCE5C3" box="[298,417,1456,1482]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
), from 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FE17E3EFA21BE5C3" box="[501,582,1456,1482]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="4.5">4.5 km</quantity>
E San Gabriel, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FC6DE3EFA41BE5C3" box="[911,1094,1456,1482]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1974-10-04">4 October 1974</date>
by William E. Duellman and John E. Simmons; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295576FFD4FE9FE38DA1E9E5E5" box="[381,436,1490,1516]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y3s2-2p0h" name="Escuela Polytecnica Nacional" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">EPN</collectionCode>
3239–55 (
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FDDAE38DA2C5E5E5" box="[568,664,1490,1516]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">11 adult</specimenCount>
females, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FCEDE38DA33FE5E5" box="[783,866,1490,1516]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
males, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FC21E38DA417E5E5" box="[963,1098,1490,1516]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="juvenile">4 juveniles</specimenCount>
), from Espejo, Hacienda La Esperanza (NW of El Ángel), 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FE18E3AAA208E606" box="[506,597,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</quantity>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FD10E3AAA39EE606" box="[754,963,1525,1551]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1986-02-12">12 February 1986</date>
by Ana Almendáriz and Patricio Ponce; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295576FFD4FF75E047A0BAE63B" box="[151,231,1560,1586]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">QCAZ</collectionCode>
1051, 1053, 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FE66E047A1B6E63B" box="[388,491,1560,1586]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1908" valueMax="1915">1908–15</date>
(
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FE1FE047A2DCE63B" box="[509,641,1560,1586]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="juvenile">9 juveniles</specimenCount>
) from 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FD30E047A369E63B" box="[722,820,1560,1586]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="26.6">26.6 km</quantity>
W of Tulcán, near the Volcán Chiles (on road from Tulcán to Maldonado), 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FE4BE065A258E65D" box="[425,517,1594,1620]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3690.0">3690 m</quantity>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FD42E065A373E65D" box="[672,814,1594,1620]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1989-06-08">8 June 1989</date>
by Felipe Campos 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5576FFD4FBF2E065A47AE65D" box="[1040,1063,1594,1620]" name="Italy" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Y</collectingCountry>
., Stella de la Torre, Diego Lombeida and Luis A. Coloma; KU 164759–164837, 164841–48, 166296–166300 from 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FB9AE002A49EE67E" box="[1144,1219,1629,1655]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
SW Tulcán, Páramo de El Ángel, 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FEBCE0DFA1E7E693" box="[350,442,1664,1690]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3350.0">3350 m</quantity>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FDB4E0DFA2AEE693" box="[598,755,1664,1690]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1975-05-18">18 May 1975</date>
by William E. Duellman, Linda Trueb, John E. Simmons, and Dana T. Duellman; KU 117842–73 from Quebrada de Piedras, 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FC05E0FDA46AE6B5" box="[999,1079,1698,1724]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
SW Tulcán, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FA9DE0FDA11EE6D6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1968-02-24">24 February 1968</date>
by John D. Lynch; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295576FFD4FDCBE09AA224E6D6" box="[553,633,1733,1759]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">QCAZ</collectionCode>
3742 (female) from 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FC8FE09AA3EAE6D6" box="[877,951,1733,1759]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="42.0">42 km</quantity>
W of Tulcán, Provincia Carchi, 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5576FFD4FAD6E09AA5CAE6D6" box="[1332,1431,1733,1759]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FF75E0B7A0A9E70B" box="[151,244,1768,1794]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.645" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3645.0">3645 m</quantity>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FE70E0B7A264E70B" box="[402,569,1768,1794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1993-03-03">3 March 1993</date>
by Diego Lombeida and Luis A. Coloma; KU 202255–66 (
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FB1EE0B7A52FE70B" box="[1276,1394,1768,1794]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FA9DE0B7A080E72D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
) from 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FECFE155A125E72D" box="[301,376,1802,1828]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
SW Tulcán, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FD41E155A329E72D" box="[675,884,1802,1828]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1984-02-26">26 February 1984</date>
by David M. Hillis and John E. Simmons; KU 202267 (female) from 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FE44E172A1AFE74E" box="[422,498,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="38.0">38 km</quantity>
SW Tulcán, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FCC7E172A3E3E74E" box="[805,958,1837,1863]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1984-04-02">2 April 1984</date>
by John E. Simmons; KU 117799–839, 178338 (
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FEE3E10FA1D5E763" box="[257,392,1872,1898]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">30 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FE74E10FA1ABE763" box="[406,502,1872,1898]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FDE7E10FA2D7E763" box="[517,650,1872,1898]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="juvenile">3 juveniles</specimenCount>
) from Tulcán, Provincia Carchi, 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5576FFD4FBF8E10FA423E763" box="[1050,1150,1872,1898]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FAC1E10FA119E785" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1968-02-22" valueMax="1968-02-23" valueMin="1968-02-22">22 and 23 February 1968</date>
by John D. Lynch, except KU 178338 that was collected on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FBFBE12DA4E5E785" box="[1049,1208,1906,1932]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1977-05-26">26 May 1977</date>
by John D. Lynch; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295576FFD4FF75E1CAA0ACE7A6" box="[151,241,1941,1967]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MHNG</collectionCode>
2258.64–74, 2271.39–40, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295576FFD4FDCDE1CAA222E7A6" box="[559,639,1941,1967]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">QCAZ</collectionCode>
57–58 (
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FD03E1CAA33BE7A6" box="[737,870,1941,1967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655576FFD4FC91E1CAA38DE7A6" box="[883,976,1941,1967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
) from Tulcán, Provincia Carchi, 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5576FFD4FABAE1CAA09DE7DB" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FEB9E1E7A1ACE7DB" box="[347,497,1976,2002]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1985-04-05">5 April 1985</date>
by Luis A. Coloma; KU 202254 (female) from 
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FBC3E1E7A436E7DB" box="[1057,1131,1976,2002]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
E of junction Pan-American highway and El Carmelo road, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FD27E185A3C5E7FD" box="[709,920,2010,2036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1984-02-24">24 February 1984</date>
, by David M. Hillis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5571FFD3FF24E6C8A15AE2B3" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1917]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FF24E6C8A198E0B8" bold="true" box="[198,453,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
From Departamento Nariño, 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5571FFD3FCC5E6C7A3C2E0BB" box="[807,927,152,178]" name="Colombia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colombia</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FC49E6C7A383E0BB" box="[939,990,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ICN</collectionCode>
26549, 26558, 26560 from Hacienda Alsacia, Tuquerres, km 10 (by road, Tuquerres-Guachucal), obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FBF2E6E5A4A6E0DD" box="[1040,1275,186,212]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1982-11-16">16 November 1982</date>
by María C. 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FF75E682A0BFE0FE" box="[151,226,221,247]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">Ardila</taxonomicName>
and Pedro M. Ruiz; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FE31E682A25BE0FE" box="[467,518,221,247]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ICN</collectionCode>
26570 26574, 26580 from Cumbal, km 8 (by road Cumbal to El Volcán), 
<quantity id="3B539B095571FFD3FA83E682A0ECE113" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.47" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="3470.0">3470 m</quantity>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FEADE75FA26EE113" box="[335,563,256,282]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1982-11-16">16 November 1982</date>
by María C. 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FD32E75FA346E113" box="[720,795,256,282]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">Ardila</taxonomicName>
and Pedro M. Ruiz; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FBF0E75FA418E113" box="[1042,1093,256,282]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ICN</collectionCode>
26585–86 from Cumbal, km 10–11, (by road Cumbal to El Volcán), 
<quantity id="3B539B095571FFD3FD80E77DA355E135" box="[610,776,290,316]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.485" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.47" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="3485.0" valueMax="3500.0" valueMin="3470.0">3470–3500 m</quantity>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FC41E77DA4D8E135" box="[931,1157,290,316]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1982-11-16">16 November 1982</date>
by María C. 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FAC2E77DA536E135" box="[1312,1387,290,316]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">Ardila</taxonomicName>
and Pedro M. Ruiz; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FEB2E71AA1DEE156" box="[336,387,325,351]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ICN</collectionCode>
2807, 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FE30E71AA264E156" box="[466,569,325,351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2817" valueMax="2819">2817–19</date>
from Cumbal, Vereda El Salado-Pueblo Viejo, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FB13E71AA5C1E156" box="[1265,1436,325,351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1976-02">February 1976</date>
by Mario Fajardo; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FE9CE737A1ECE18B" box="[382,433,360,386]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ICN</collectionCode>
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FE5EE737A27EE18B" box="[444,547,360,386]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2822" valueMax="2824">2822–24</date>
from Cumbal, Laguna de Cumbal, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FB90E737A57FE18B" box="[1138,1314,360,386]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1976-02">February 1976</date>
by Mario Fajardo; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FEE6E7D5A16AE1AD" box="[260,311,394,420]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ICN</collectionCode>
2835 from San José, Pueblo Viejo, Vereda El Salado, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FB93E7D5A57CE1AD" box="[1137,1313,394,420]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1976-02">February 1976</date>
by Mario Fajardo. From 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5571FFD3FEA9E7F2A1ECE1CE" box="[331,433,429,455]" name="Ecuador" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FE5CE7F2A1A8E1CE" box="[446,501,429,455]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y3s2-2p0h" name="Escuela Polytecnica Nacional" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">EPN</collectionCode>
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FE1DE7F2A2D8E1CE" box="[511,645,429,455]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2195" valueMax="2211">2195–2211</date>
, from Cordillera Troya (on the road to Tulcán), Provincia Carchi, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FECDE78FA18EE1E3" box="[303,467,464,490]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1959-10">October 1959</date>
by Manuel Olalla; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FD26E78FA349E1E3" box="[708,788,464,490]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">QCAZ</collectionCode>
2678, from Monte Olivo, Provincia Carchi, 
<quantity id="3B539B095571FFD3FADAE78FA5C5E1E3" box="[1336,1432,464,490]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FECBE7ADA18DE205" box="[297,464,498,524]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1991-03-01">1 March 1991</date>
by Giovanni Onore; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FD2EE7ADA37BE205" box="[716,806,498,524]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MHNG</collectionCode>
2385.12–13, 2385.15–30, 2385.32–43, from Pimampiro, Provincia de Imbabura, approx. 
<quantity id="3B539B095571FFD3FDB4E44AA2EEE226" box="[598,691,533,559]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FCB6E44AA3B0E226" box="[852,1005,533,559]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1986-08">August 1986</date>
by Giovanni Onore; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FB09E44AA566E226" box="[1259,1339,533,559]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">QCAZ</collectionCode>
15019– 22, from Pimampiro, Provincia de Imbabura, approximately 
<quantity id="3B539B095571FFD3FC83E467A3E3E25B" box="[865,958,568,594]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FBB9E467A562E25B" box="[1115,1343,568,594]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1976-11-13">13 November 1976</date>
by Fernando Ortiz-Crespo and Luis Rodríguez; 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295571FFD3FD99E405A2EFE27D" box="[635,690,602,628]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y3s2-2p0h" name="Escuela Polytecnica Nacional" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">EPN</collectionCode>
3312–13, from Laguna Cuicocha, Provincia de Imbabura, 
<quantity id="3B539B095571FFD3FA83E405A0ECE29E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.59" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="3590.0">3590 m</quantity>
, obtained on 
<date id="8815102C5571FFD3FEB0E422A245E29E" box="[338,536,637,663]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1988-01-26">26 January 1988</date>
by Ana Almendáriz and Jhanira Regalado. See additional specimens under Remarks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4B165675571FFD3FF24E49DA416E62B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5571FFD3FF24E49DA569E434" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1917]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FF24E49DA11BE2D5" bold="true" box="[198,326,706,732]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
(1) A medium-sized species with SVL in adult females 38.7 (29.6–50.7, SD = 3.89, 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FAD4E49DA51BE2D2" box="[1334,1350,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
= 153) and in adult males 31.8 (26.1–38.9, SD = 2.42, 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FD5DE4BAA290E2F7" box="[703,717,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
= 128); (2) hind limbs short, tibia length/SVL 0.29–0.41 (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FA94E4BAA5D8E2F7" box="[1398,1413,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">n</emphasis>
= 281); (3) phalangeal formula of hand 2-2-3-3, basal webbing absent; (4) foot webbing formula 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FAFFE555A575E32D" bold="true" box="[1309,1320,778,804]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">I</emphasis>
(½)—(1-– 1) 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FF4DE56FA09BE343" bold="true" box="[175,198,816,842]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">II</emphasis>
(½–1)—(1–2+) 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FE91E56FA1C8E343" bold="true" box="[371,405,816,842]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">III</emphasis>
(1–2-)—(2–3½) 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FDAEE56FA231E343" bold="true" box="[588,620,816,842]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">IV</emphasis>
(2–3+)—(½–1½) 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FCCDE56FA31FE343" bold="true" box="[815,834,816,842]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">V</emphasis>
; (5) snout rounded to acuminate, slightly protruding beyond lower jaw; (6) tympanic membrane, tympanic annulus and stapes absent; (7) dorsal surfaces of body usually smooth, bearing few warts in sacral region, (8) warts and spiculae (black in life) present on forearm, flanks and dorsal surfaces of thighs and shanks; (9) vertebral neural processes inconspicuous; (10) dorsum black to grayish green and bright green (black to dark gray to cream, some specimens bearing either a marbled dorsum with diffuse dark and clear marks or a dark brown dorsum with cream marks in preservative); (11) minute gray stippling present on dorsum of body, (12) venter green to yellowish green, bright yellow, and dull creamy white (uniform cream in preservative); (13) gular region without warts, spiculae or coni.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5571FFD3FF24E21AA416E62B" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1917]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
In having a black and blackish gray dorsum in preservative, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FC66E219A416E456" box="[900,1099,1094,1119]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FC66E219A416E456" box="[900,1099,1094,1119]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5EC57855571FFD3FBB0E21AA4F1E456" box="[1106,1196,1093,1119]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is most similar to 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FA61E219A20CE48B" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FA61E219A0BCE48B" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">A. ardila</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FF0CE236A1FCE48B" box="[238,417,1129,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bomolochos">A. bomolochos</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FE4DE236A20CE48B" authority="Peracca" authorityName="Peracca" box="[431,593,1129,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">A. boulengeri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Peracca, 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FD24E236A544E48B" box="[710,1305,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FD24E236A309E48B" box="[710,852,1129,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carrikeri">A. carrikeri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FC80E236A3A0E48B" box="[866,1021,1129,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ebenoides">A. ebenoides</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FBE9E236A4FEE48B" box="[1035,1187,1129,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">A. ignescens</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FB52E236A544E48B" box="[1200,1305,1129,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanay">A. nanay</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FACBE236A293E4AC" authority="Coloma, Lotters, Duellman and Miranda-Leiva" authorityName="Coloma, Lotters, Duellman and Miranda-Leiva" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FACBE236A5C1E48B" box="[1321,1436,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. petersi</emphasis>
Coloma, Lötters, Duellman and Miranda-Leiva
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FD3EE2D4A3D4E4AD" box="[732,905,1163,1188]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FD3EE2D4A3D4E4AD" box="[732,905,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. podocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5EC57855571FFD3FC71E2D4A3AEE4AC" box="[915,1011,1163,1189]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FBD7E2D4A412E4AD" box="[1077,1103,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A.</emphasis>
spp. (populations from Río Tililag, Corazón Chupa and Atillo, in Chimborazo province). 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FC85E2F1A473E4CE" box="[871,1070,1198,1223]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FC85E2F1A473E4CE" box="[871,1070,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FB25E2F1A5C1E4CE" box="[1223,1436,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FB25E2F1A525E4CE" box="[1223,1400,1198,1223]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bomolochos">A. bomolochos</taxonomicName>
, A.
</emphasis>
spp. 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FF32E28EA134E4E3" box="[208,361,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FF32E28EA138E4E3" box="[208,357,1233,1258]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruensis">A. peruensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FE47E28EA20CE4E3" box="[421,593,1233,1258]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FE47E28EA20CE4E3" box="[421,593,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. podocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having gray spiculae (yellow in 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FBE3E28EA4E5E4E3" box="[1025,1208,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FBE3E28EA4E9E4E3" box="[1025,1204,1233,1258]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bomolochos">A. bomolochos</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
red in 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FAEDE28EA09DE505" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FAEDE28EA09DE505" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. podocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, white in 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FED5E2ACA1FDE505" box="[311,416,1267,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanay">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FED5E2ACA1FDE505" box="[311,416,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. nanay</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FE38E2ACA1AEE505" box="[474,499,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A.</emphasis>
spp.). 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FDA6E2ACA350E505" box="[580,781,1267,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FDA6E2ACA350E505" box="[580,781,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FC4BE2ACA46FE505" box="[937,1074,1267,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carrikeri">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FC4BE2ACA46FE505" box="[937,1074,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. carrikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FBA0E2ACA488E505" box="[1090,1237,1267,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FBA0E2ACA488E505" box="[1090,1237,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. ignescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FAEDE2ACA52AE505" box="[1295,1399,1267,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FAEDE2ACA52AE505" box="[1295,1399,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. ardila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking a patch of spiculae and coni on the gular and pectoral regions (present in 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FBA1E349A496E526" box="[1091,1227,1302,1327]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carrikeri">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FBA1E349A496E526" box="[1091,1227,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. carrikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FB3BE349A536E526" box="[1241,1387,1302,1327]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FB3BE349A536E526" box="[1241,1387,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. ignescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FF75E366A15CE55B" box="[151,257,1337,1362]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FF75E366A15CE55B" box="[151,257,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. ardila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and by having green pigments on dorsum and flanks (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FBF6E366A4C2E55B" box="[1044,1183,1337,1362]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carrikeri">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FBF6E366A4C2E55B" box="[1044,1183,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. carrikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FB52E366A518E55B" box="[1200,1349,1337,1362]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FB52E366A518E55B" box="[1200,1349,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. ignescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FA61E366A083E57D" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FA61E366A083E57D" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. ardila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FF1BE304A199E57D" box="[249,452,1371,1396]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FF1BE304A199E57D" box="[249,452,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FD8AE304A356E57D" box="[616,779,1371,1396]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FD8AE304A356E57D" box="[616,779,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by being smaller. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FB44E304A547E57D" box="[1190,1306,1371,1396]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FB44E304A547E57D" box="[1190,1306,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. petersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having green coloration and lacking dorsal and ventral color patterns (dorsum with yellow orange pattern to almost entirely black, venter yellow with or without black marks, or uniform orange to reddish orange in 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FAF8E3FEA5D7E5B3" box="[1306,1418,1441,1466]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FAF8E3FEA5D7E5B3" box="[1306,1418,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. petersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FF75E39CA102E5D5" box="[151,351,1475,1500]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FF75E39CA102E5D5" box="[151,351,1475,1500]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FE1BE39CA2D2E5D5" box="[505,655,1475,1500]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ebenoides">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FE1BE39CA2D2E5D5" box="[505,655,1475,1500]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. ebenoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having green coloration (black with yellow and white marks in 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FF75E3B9A170E5F6" box="[151,301,1510,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ebenoides">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FF75E3B9A170E5F6" box="[151,301,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. ebenoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FE16E3B9A203E5F6" box="[500,606,1510,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanay">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FE16E3B9A203E5F6" box="[500,606,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. nanay</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from the Cordillera Occidental in the southern Andes of 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5571FFD3FAE9E3B9A532E609" box="[1291,1391,1510,1536]" name="Ecuador" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
) by having numerous black spiculae on flanks (scattered white spiculae in 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5571FFD3FC33E056A467E62B" box="[977,1082,1545,1570]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanay">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FC33E056A467E62B" box="[977,1082,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. nanay</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4B165675571FFD1FF24E075A3F8E406" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5571FFD3FF24E075A2AEE774" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1917]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5571FFD3FF24E075A1AEE64D" bold="true" box="[198,499,1578,1604]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Description of 
<typeStatus id="2310884E5571FFD3FE62E075A1B3E64D" box="[384,494,1578,1604]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="64902A695571FFD3FDE6E074A20BE64C" box="[516,598,1579,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,178,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,100,1985]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. — Holotype of Atelopus pastuso (QCAZ 15013): (A) adult female, SVL = 41.8 mm; molt visible in lateral view (B) ventral view of right hand, enlarged 3.9 times of A; (C) ventral view of left foot; enlarged 3.9 times of A." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197457/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
A–C, virtual animation). Gravid female with eggs visible through ventral skin. Head slightly longer than wide, HLSQ and HDWD less than one third SVL (HLSQ/SVL = 0.277, HDWD/SVL = 0.253); snout acuminate in dorsal view; in lateral view, profile of tip of snout to the anterior margin of jaw nearly straight and slightly protuberant; swollen gland on tip of snout absent; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally, situated at level slightly posterior to apex of lower jaw; canthus rostralis distinct, flared, nearly straight from eye to nostril; loreal region concave; lips not flared; interorbital region and occiput flat, smooth; eyelid flared without distinct tubercles; postorbital region glandular; pretympanic and tympanic areas bearing spiculae; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus absent; postmandibular and temporal area with spiculae; choanae small, rounded, widely separated; tongue twice as long as wide, about equal width along its length, free along its posterior third.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A8D466645570FFD2FF75E124A500E7BB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197457/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[151,1436,178,1877]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5570FFD2FF75E124A500E7BB" blockId="21.[151,1436,1915,1970]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5570FFD2FF75E124A14EE79A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1915,1939]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
.—Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5570FFD2FE5CE124A22BE79B" box="[446,630,1915,1938]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5570FFD2FE5CE124A22BE79B" box="[446,630,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(QCAZ 15013): (A) adult female, SVL = 41.8 mm; molt visible in lateral view (B) ventral view of right hand, enlarged 3.9 times of A; (C) ventral view of left foot; enlarged 3.9 times of A.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5573FFD1FF24E6C7A111E1D6" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Forearm relatively short (RDUL/SVL = 0.268); palmar tubercle round, well defined; supernumerary palmar tubercles distinct; thenar and subarticular tubercles distinct, raised; digital tips with round pads; thumb relatively long (THBL/HAND = 0.702), apparently having two phalanges; webbing on hands absent, fingers lacking lateral fringes or keels; relative length of fingers II&lt;III&lt;V&lt;IV. Tibia relatively short (TIBL/SVL = 0.332); fold on distal half of inner edge of tarsus absent; inner metatarsal tubercle oval and slightly raised; outer metatarsal tubercle round, slightly raised, about two-thirds length of inner metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles conspicuous; subarticular tubercles flat, barely conspicuous; digital pads distinct; webbing formula of foot 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5573FFD1FDE6E7FFA252E1B3" bold="true" box="[516,527,416,442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">I</emphasis>
(½)—(½) 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5573FFD1FD62E7FFA2CBE1B3" bold="true" box="[640,662,416,442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">II</emphasis>
(½)—(1½-) 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5573FFD1FCFDE7FFA31CE1B3" bold="true" box="[799,833,416,442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">III</emphasis>
(1+)—(3-) 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5573FFD1FC50E7FFA38EE1B3" bold="true" box="[946,979,416,442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">IV</emphasis>
(2)—(1) 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5573FFD1FBD6E7FFA41AE1B3" bold="true" box="[1076,1095,416,442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">V</emphasis>
; relative length of toes I&lt;II&lt;III&gt;V&lt;IV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5573FFD1FF24E7B5A10AE293" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Dorsal surfaces of head and shoulders smooth; flanks, dorsum of sacral region, thighs, and proximal surfaces of forelimbs bearing numerous spiculae; spiculae occur singly or in groups of up to six; throat rugose; chest, belly, undersides of limbs nearly smooth, except arm warty and ventral surfaces of thighs rugose; cloacal opening inconspicuous tube at upper level of thighs, directed posteriorly; round warts surrounding rugose cloacal opening.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5573FFD1FF24E4FAA199E3CD" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5573FFD1FF24E4FAA18CE2B6" bold="true" box="[198,465,677,703]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Color in preservative</emphasis>
(70–75 % ethanol): dorsal surfaces of head, body and limbs blackish gray, darker at limbs and margin of head; creamy white area at lower margin of eye; flanks paler than dorsal surfaces; margin of cloacal opening blackish gray; irregular gray mark on pelvic patch. Minute gray stippling on dorsum of body (viewed at 
<date id="8815102C5573FFD1FE82E54AA120E326" box="[352,381,789,815]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">8x</date>
magnification); dark gray spots at base of gray spiculae; throat, chest, belly, and ventral surfaces of arms and thighs uniform cream; other ventral surfaces of limbs gray; palmar surfaces gray except for cream palmar, thenar and some subarticular and supernumerary tubercles; inner and outer metatarsal tubercles cream in contrast to adjacent dark gray areas; proximal end of tongue lacking black pigment; lower lip entirely creamy white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5573FFD1FF24E58FA3F8E406" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5573FFD1FF24E58FA13EE3E3" bold="true" box="[198,355,976,1002]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Color in life</emphasis>
(from a color transparency of 
<typeStatus id="2310884E5573FFD1FD3EE58FA31EE3E3" box="[732,835,976,1002]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
QCAZ 
<quantity id="3B539B095573FFD1FC45E58FA44FE3E3" box="[935,1042,976,1002]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.813302" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="15013.0">15013 in</quantity>
posterodorsal view): Dorsum of body and limbs dark green, flanks yellowish green; spiculae black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4B165675573FFD1FF24E245A380E453" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5573FFD1FF24E245A380E453" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5573FFD1FF24E245A1AEE43D" bold="true" box="[198,499,1050,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<typeStatus id="2310884E5573FFD1FF24E245A165E43D" box="[198,312,1050,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
measurements
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5573FFD1FDE6E245A268E43D" bold="true" box="[516,565,1050,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mm</emphasis>
): SVL 41.8, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295573FFD1FD2CE245A352E43D" box="[718,783,1050,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">TIBL</collectionCode>
13.9, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295573FFD1FCBAE245A3F8E43D" box="[856,933,1050,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FOOT</collectionCode>
14.5, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295573FFD1FC0FE245A467E43D" box="[1005,1082,1050,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">HLSQ</collectionCode>
11.6, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295573FFD1FB63E245A481E43D" box="[1153,1244,1050,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">HDWD</collectionCode>
10.6, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295573FFD1FAC7E245A534E43D" box="[1317,1385,1050,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ITNR</collectionCode>
3.9, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295573FFD1FF75E21FA0B0E453" box="[151,237,1088,1114]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">EYDM</collectionCode>
3.2, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295573FFD1FECAE21FA124E453" box="[296,377,1088,1114]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">EYNO</collectionCode>
2.8, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295573FFD1FE51E21FA25EE453" box="[435,515,1088,1114]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">RDUL</collectionCode>
11.2, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295573FFD1FDA9E21FA2FDE453" box="[587,672,1088,1114]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">HAND</collectionCode>
10.4, 
<collectionCode id="9ABAAE295573FFD1FD0BE21FA368E453" box="[745,821,1088,1114]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">THBL</collectionCode>
7.3, SW 11.4.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4B165675573FFDFFF24E23AA19DE6FE" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5573FFD1FF24E23AA15FE786" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,1935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5573FFD1FF24E23AA11CE476" bold="true" box="[198,321,1125,1151]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Variation.</emphasis>
Meristic variation is given in 
<tableCitation id="B12903575573FFD1FD51E23AA34DE476" box="[691,784,1125,1151]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="23.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1313]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 4. Meristic variation of Atelopus pastuso. Mean ± one SD, and range are given. Abbreviations follow Gray and Cannatella (1985) and Coloma et al. (2000). They are: SVL = snout – vent length; TIBL = tibia length; FOOT = footh length; HLSQ = head length; HDWD = head width; EYDM = eye diameter; EYNO = eye – nostril distance; ITNA = internarial distance; RDUL = radio-ulna length; THBL = thumb length; SW = sacrum width. All measurements are in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D466645572FFD0FF75E6C6A5D9E11E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="A8D466645572FFD0FF75E6C6A5D9E11E">Table 4</tableCitation>
. A female paratopotype (QCAZ 15014) resembles the 
<typeStatus id="2310884E5573FFD1FF75E2D5A0A3E4AD" box="[151,254,1162,1188]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except that it has a slightly darker dorsum; the inner and outer palmar and plantar tubercles show more contrast to adjacent areas, and the outer plantar tubercle is more swollen. Other 
<typeStatus id="2310884E5573FFD1FB9CE2EFA4B3E4C3" box="[1150,1262,1200,1226]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from the same general area of the 
<typeStatus id="2310884E5573FFD1FE66E28AA1B7E4E6" box="[388,490,1237,1263]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(EPN 3238–3255; QCAZ 1051, 1053, 3742), from Tulcán (MNHG 2258.64– 2258.74, QCAZ 57–58, 
<date id="8815102C5573FFD1FE59E2A5A21EE51D" box="[443,579,1274,1300]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1908" valueMax="1915">1908–1915</date>
), from San Gabriel (QCAZ 15018), and from 
<quantity id="3B539B095573FFD1FB90E2A5A4B6E51D" box="[1138,1259,1274,1300]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="29.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="20.0">20–38 km</quantity>
SW of Tulcán (KU 164759–164837, 164841–48, 166296–166300, 202255–67) are similar to that above described with the following noteworthy exceptions. Color of the dorsum in preservative varies from plain greenish gray (EPN 3242) to plain dark brownish gray (EPN 3251) and plain black (KU 164759–164837, 164841–48, 166296– 166300); a male (EPN 3248) has dark brown marks on a pale gray background, forming a marbled pattern on dorsum of head and body. A narrow middorsal brown line from the tip of the snout to the cloacal region is conspicuous in nine specimens, whereas it is barely visible or absent in others. In all specimens, the flanks are paler than the dorsum and vary from cream in contrast to a dark brown dorsum (EPN 3247) to only slightly paler than a greenish gray dorsum (EPN 3242). A juvenile (QCAZ 1914) possesses few, creamy white spiculae on the lower flanks. The throat, chest and belly are uniform yellowish cream. One female from the 
<typeStatus id="2310884E5573FFD1FA8BE015A5C1E66D" box="[1385,1436,1610,1636]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
locality (QCAZ 15011) has a patch of white warts with scattered dark pigments on the chest. A brown or gray mark at the pelvic patch region varies from absent to barely conspicuous. The ventral surfaces of limbs mostly vary in the degree of contrast between the palmar and plantar tubercles with the adjacent areas; for example, in EPN 3245 the palmar surfaces are nearly entirely yellowish cream, whereas in EPN 3239 there is a high color contrast between the palmar tubercles and the adjacent areas. In females, there is variation in size, abundance and distribution of spiculae; for example EPN 3244 has abundant and large spiculae, whereas EPN 3242 has few spiculae on the dorsum of body. Juveniles possess spiculae and warts about equally abundant as in adults.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A8D466645572FFD0FF75E6C6A5D9E11E" ID-Table-UUID="A8D466645572FFD0FF75E6C6A5D9E11E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D466645572FFD0FF75E6C6A5D9E11E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[151,1436,350,1313]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5572FFD0FF75E6C6A5D9E11E" blockId="23.[151,1436,153,328]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FF75E6C6A154E0B8" bold="true" box="[151,265,153,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Meristic variation of 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FE16E6C5A2ECE0B8" box="[500,689,154,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5572FFD0FE16E6C5A2F0E0B8" box="[500,685,154,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">Atelopus pastuso</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Mean ± one SD, and range are given. Abbreviations follow Gray and Cannatella (1985) and Coloma 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FE0FE6E5A278E0D8" box="[493,549,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
(2000). They are: SVL = snout–vent length; TIBL = tibia length; FOOT = footh length; HLSQ= head length; HDWD = head width; EYDM = eye diameter; EYNO = eye–nostril distance; ITNA = internarial distance; RDUL = radio-ulna length; THBL = thumb length; SW = sacrum width. All measurements are in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5572FFD0FD5DE76EA329E141" blockId="23.[151,1436,153,328]" box="[703,884,305,328]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5572FFD0FD5DE76EA329E141" box="[703,884,305,328]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FD5DE76EA329E141" box="[703,884,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5572FFD0FD8BE701A45DE528" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<table id="8EABC44C55720038FF75E701A5C1E528" box="[151,1436,350,1313]" gridcols="3" gridrows="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E701A5C1E191" box="[151,1436,350,408]" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE701A2E1E191" box="[415,700,350,408]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Males (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FD83E7DEA233E191" box="[609,622,385,408]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 128)
</th>
<th id="014A5DD255720038FC66E701A5C1E191" box="[900,1436,350,408]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Females (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FB86E7DEA42CE191" box="[1124,1137,385,408]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 153)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E7F1A5C1E1E1" box="[151,1436,430,488]" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E7F1A16FE1E1" box="[151,306,430,488]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">SVL</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE7F1A2E1E1E1" box="[415,700,430,488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">31.82 ± 2.42 (26.1–38.9)</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E7F1A5C1E1E1" box="[900,1436,430,488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">38.68 ± 3.89 (29.6–50.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E7A0A5C1E230" box="[151,1436,511,569]" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E7A0A16FE230" box="[151,306,511,569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">TIBL</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE7A0A2E1E230" box="[415,700,511,569]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">11.75 ± 1.14 (8.5–14.2)</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E7A0A5C1E230" box="[900,1436,511,569]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">13.04 ± 1.23 (11.2–16.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E410A5C1E280" box="[151,1436,591,649]" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E410A16FE280" box="[151,306,591,649]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FOOT</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE410A2E1E280" box="[415,700,591,649]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
12,82 ± 1,30 (9.3–16.0) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FDFCE42DA276E280" box="[542,555,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 123)
</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E410A5C1E280" box="[900,1436,591,649]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
14.8 ± 1.55 (12.0–20.3) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FBF1E42DA47DE280" box="[1043,1056,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 146)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E4C0A5C1E2D0" box="[151,1436,671,729]" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E4C0A16FE2D0" box="[151,306,671,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">HLSQ</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE4C0A2E1E2D0" box="[415,700,671,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">9.83 ± 0.69 (7.8–11.5)</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E4C0A5C1E2D0" box="[900,1436,671,729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">10.60 ± 0.85 (9.2–13.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E4AFA5C1E323" box="[151,1436,752,810]" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E4AFA16FE323" box="[151,306,752,810]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">HDWD</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE4AFA2E1E323" box="[415,700,752,810]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">9.64 ± 0.63 (7.5–11)</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E4AFA5C1E323" box="[900,1436,752,810]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">10.48 ± 0.84 (9.0–13.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E51FA5C1E373" box="[151,1436,832,890]" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E51FA16FE373" box="[151,306,832,890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ITNA</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE51FA2E1E373" box="[415,700,832,890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
3.35 ± 0.32 (2.7–4.3) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FDF3E53CA243E373" box="[529,542,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 121)
</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E51FA5C1E373" box="[900,1436,832,890]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
3.72 ± 1.22 (2.7–13.7) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FBE7E53CA44FE373" box="[1029,1042,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 144)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E5CFA5C1E3C3" box="[151,1436,912,970]" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E5CFA16FE3C3" box="[151,306,912,970]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">RDUL</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE5CFA2E1E3C3" box="[415,700,912,970]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
9.38 ± 0.81 (7.3–11.6) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FDFCE5ECA276E3C3" box="[542,555,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 121)
</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E5CFA5C1E3C3" box="[900,1436,912,970]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
10.76 ± 0.94 (8.9–13.4) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FBE7E5ECA44FE3C3" box="[1029,1042,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 144)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E5BEA5C1E412" box="[151,1436,993,1051]" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E5BEA16FE412" box="[151,306,993,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">THBL</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE5BEA2E1E412" box="[415,700,993,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
5.38 ± 0.69 (4.2–8.8) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FDF3E25BA243E412" box="[529,542,1028,1051]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 121)
</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E5BEA5C1E412" box="[900,1436,993,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
6.64 ± 0.79 (5.1–9.3) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FC1AE25BA458E412" box="[1016,1029,1028,1051]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 144)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E26EA5C1E462" box="[151,1436,1073,1131]" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E26EA16FE462" box="[151,306,1073,1131]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">SW</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE26EA2E1E462" box="[415,700,1073,1131]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
8.86 ± 0.83 (6.5–11.3) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FDFCE20BA276E462" box="[542,555,1108,1131]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 121)
</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E26EA5C1E462" box="[900,1436,1073,1131]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
10.89 ± 1.32 (8.2–14.8) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FBE7E20BA44FE462" box="[1029,1042,1108,1131]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 144)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E2DDA5C1E490" box="[151,1436,1154,1177]" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E2DDA16FE490" box="[151,306,1154,1177]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">RDUL/SVL</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE2DDA2E1E490" box="[415,700,1154,1177]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
(0.25–0.36) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FDC9E2DDA265E490" box="[555,568,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 121)
</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E2DDA5C1E490" box="[900,1436,1154,1177]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
(0.25–0.32) (
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FBF2E2DDA440E490" box="[1040,1053,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
= 144)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E2F0A5C1E4CF" box="[151,1436,1199,1222]" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E2F0A16FE4CF" box="[151,306,1199,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">TIBL/SVL</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE2F0A2E1E4CF" box="[415,700,1199,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(0.30–0.41)</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E2F0A5C1E4CF" box="[900,1436,1199,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(0.29–0.40)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E283A5C1E4FA" box="[151,1436,1244,1267]" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E283A16FE4FA" box="[151,306,1244,1267]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">HLSQ/SVL</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE283A2E1E4FA" box="[415,700,1244,1267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(0.25–0.35)</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E283A5C1E4FA" box="[900,1436,1244,1267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(0.24–0.31)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE55720038FF75E355A5C1E528" box="[151,1436,1290,1313]" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="014A5DD255720038FF75E355A16FE528" box="[151,306,1290,1313]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">HDWD/SVL</th>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FE7DE355A2E1E528" box="[415,700,1290,1313]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(0.25–0.34)</td>
<td id="014A5DD255720038FC66E355A5C1E528" box="[900,1436,1290,1313]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(0.23–0.31)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5572FFD0FF24E300A38FE597" blockId="23.[151,1436,1375,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
In specimens from a population west of the 
<typeStatus id="2310884E5572FFD0FD39E300A350E570" box="[731,781,1375,1401]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
locality, from Cordillera Troya (EPN 
<date id="8815102C5572FFD0FB39E300A53FE570" box="[1243,1378,1375,1401]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2195" valueMax="2211">2195–2211</date>
), the dorsum varies from plain dark gray to pale brown; the venter is cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5572FFD0FF24E3F5A175E71D" blockId="23.[151,1436,1375,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
South of the 
<typeStatus id="2310884E5572FFD0FE8EE3F5A1C2E5CD" box="[364,415,1450,1476]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
locality, specimens from populations at Provincia de Imbabura (QCAZ 2678 from Monte Olivo, MNHG 2385.12–13, 2385.15–30 2385.32–43 from Pimampiro, and QCAZ 15019–22 from Volcán Cotacachi) are more variable in dorsal color. In addition to having a plain dark gray to plain cream dorsum, some specimens have either a marbled dorsum with diffuse dark and pale marks or a dark brown dorsum with cream marks. All are uniform creamy yellow ventrally, but some specimens from Pimampiro have ventral dark marks. A female (MNHG 2385.29) has a brown band across the throat at a level posterior to the mandible, whereas other specimens (MNHG 2385.19, 20, 24, 28, 30, 39, 40, 44, 48, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655572FFD0FB7AE0D5A55AE6AD" box="[1176,1287,1674,1700]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655572FFD0FAFAE0D5A526E6AD" box="[1304,1403,1674,1700]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD655572FFD0FA6FE0D5A15EE6C0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
) have diffuse brown marks on the chest-gular region. Farther south, two specimens from Laguna Cuicocha (EPN 3312–13, female and male) are similar to the 
<typeStatus id="2310884E5572FFD0FC8BE08BA3C1E6E7" box="[873,924,1748,1774]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
specimens, except they have a more rugose ventral skin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5572FFD0FF24E140A536E7FD" blockId="23.[151,1436,1375,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Sexual dimorphism is evident in that females are larger than males (
<tableCitation id="B12903575572FFD0FC0DE140A411E730" box="[1007,1100,1823,1849]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="23.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1313]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 4. Meristic variation of Atelopus pastuso. Mean ± one SD, and range are given. Abbreviations follow Gray and Cannatella (1985) and Coloma et al. (2000). They are: SVL = snout – vent length; TIBL = tibia length; FOOT = footh length; HLSQ = head length; HDWD = head width; EYDM = eye diameter; EYNO = eye – nostril distance; ITNA = internarial distance; RDUL = radio-ulna length; THBL = thumb length; SW = sacrum width. All measurements are in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D466645572FFD0FF75E6C6A5D9E11E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="A8D466645572FFD0FF75E6C6A5D9E11E">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Males have vocal slits and keratinized nuptial pads on the dorsal and inner surfaces of the thumb (except at terminal phalanx) and on Finger III, on which they are most numerous on the proximal phalanx. The forelimbs are relatively long and slen- der in females, but they are short with a stout muscular area in males (
<tableCitation id="B12903575572FFD0FBC5E1D0A4D7E7A0" box="[1063,1162,1935,1961]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="23.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1313]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 4. Meristic variation of Atelopus pastuso. Mean ± one SD, and range are given. Abbreviations follow Gray and Cannatella (1985) and Coloma et al. (2000). They are: SVL = snout – vent length; TIBL = tibia length; FOOT = footh length; HLSQ = head length; HDWD = head width; EYDM = eye diameter; EYNO = eye – nostril distance; ITNA = internarial distance; RDUL = radio-ulna length; THBL = thumb length; SW = sacrum width. All measurements are in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D466645572FFD0FF75E6C6A5D9E11E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="A8D466645572FFD0FF75E6C6A5D9E11E">Table 4</tableCitation>
); there are significant differences in RDUL between males and females (RDUL Student’s 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FC57E1EAA3E0E7C7" box="[949,957,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">t</emphasis>
-test, 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FC1DE1EAA45AE7C7" box="[1023,1031,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">t</emphasis>
= 12.6718, df = 263, 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5572FFD0FAEAE1EAA547E7C7" box="[1288,1306,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.0001). Males nearly lack spiculae but bear abundant warts homogeneously distributed on the flanks and dorsum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557DFFDFFF24E6C8A51DE20B" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557DFFDFFF24E6C8A135E0B8" bold="true" box="[198,360,151,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Color in life</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="64902A69557DFFDFFE64E6C7A180E0BB" box="[390,477,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,173,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[115,1492,139,1765]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. — (A, B) Atelopus ardila from 12 km E of Pasto, Departamento Nariño, Colombia (KU 169287 – 88, photos: WED); (C – D) Atelopus pastuso from Tulcán and 26, 6 km W Tulcán, Provincia Carchi, Ecuador (MNHG 2258.68, QCAZ 1911, photos: LAC); (E – F) Atelopus pastuso from Tulcán and Cerro Cotacachi (MNHG 2258.65, QCAZ 15021 adult male, photos: LAC, Eugenia M. del Pino, respectively); (G) Atelopus pastuso from Hacienda La Esperanza (EPN 3244 adult female, photo: AA); (H) Atelopus angelito from NE Maldonado (KU 3244 adult female, photo: John D. Lynch)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197452/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
C–F). 
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D557DFFDFFDCCE6C7A31AE0BB" box="[558,839,152,178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Gomez Castillo, L. (1982) Aspectos ecologicos, morfologicos y de conducta de las ranas del genero Atelopus del Departamento de Narino, Colombia. Revista Humboldt, 1, 53 - 64." type="journal article">Gómez Castillo (1982)</bibRefCitation>
described the color in life of populations from Túquerres, El Espino, Guachucal and Cumbal at about 
<quantity id="3B539B09557DFFDFFCFCE6E2A327E0DE" box="[798,890,189,215]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
, in Departamento Nariño, 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C557DFFDFFB50E6E2A574E0DE" box="[1202,1321,189,215]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, the frogs had a pale green dorsum with black spiculae, and the venters were very pale green to nearly white. Cepeda Quilindo and Rueda Almonacid (2005:135) published color pictures of an amplectant pair and of an individual in dorsal and ventral view (locality not stated). 
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D557DFFDFFD0BE772A4C1E14E" author="Almendariz" box="[745,1180,301,327]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Almendariz, A. &amp; Cisneros, D. (2005) Atelopus sp. 17. In: Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T. &amp; Angulo, A. (Eds.) Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, 153 pp." type="book" year="2005">Almendáriz and Cisneros (2005:153)</bibRefCitation>
described individuals (including a photo) from Lagunas Verdes, Provincia del Carchi; EPN 3238 has a black dorsum and a lemon green venter with a black anal pelvic patch bordered by orange (AA field notes of 
<date id="8815102C557DFFDFFB83E727A575E19B" box="[1121,1320,376,402]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1988-01-26">26 January 1988</date>
). The following are taken from color photographs and/or descriptions of coloration in life in field notes. Adult male from the 
<typeStatus id="2310884E557DFFDFFEE1E79DA16BE1D5" box="[259,310,450,476]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
locality, QCAZ 15009 (color slide in anterolateral view, taken by Eugenia del Pino): flanks and dorsal surfaces of limbs green; suborbital region and throat yellow; spiculae on arms black; iris black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557DFFDFFF24E452A0B7E2B5" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Páramo de El Ángel, 
<quantity id="3B539B09557DFFDFFE22E452A254E22E" box="[448,521,525,551]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
SW Tulcán, 
<quantity id="3B539B09557DFFDFFD40E452A2A7E22E" box="[674,762,525,551]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="3350.0">3350 m</quantity>
(KU 164759–848; WED field notes, 
<date id="8815102C557DFFDFFB52E452A510E22E" box="[1200,1357,525,551]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1975-05-18">18 May 1975</date>
, photo of 164759): dorsum black with grayish green flanks in some individuals; venter yellowish green (predominantly yellow on throat and ventral surfaces of hind limbs; predominantly green on belly) or venter uniformly green (throat in some dull creamy white); soles greenish gray; ventral border of orbit pale yellow; iris dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557DFFDFFF24E497A573E395" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Two adult females from Tulcán, MHNG 2258.68 (two color slides in dorsal view taken by LAC), MNHG 2258.65 (two color slides in dorsolateral view taken by LAC): In MHNG 2258.68, dorsum nearly uniform greenish cream, except spiculae nearly black; gray suffusion in supraorbital region, forearm, dorsal surfaces of hands and feet; gray bands across fingers and toes; outer palmar tubercle cream; outer plantar tubercle white. MNHG 2258.65 similar to above, except for having four large, diffuse, round, gray marks on dorsum of head and body; flanks greenish-cream with a pale yellowish-cream suborbital area. The iris is black.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557DFFDFFF24E5F7A2C1E3EE" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
QCAZ 3742, female from 42 W of Tulcán (LAC field notes, 
<date id="8815102C557DFFDFFC75E5F7A41FE3CB" box="[919,1090,936,962]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1993-03-02">2 March 1993</date>
): dorsum greenish black with a reticulate pattern; venter yellowish-cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557DFFDFFF24E5ADA154E4E5" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
QCAZ 
<date id="8815102C557DFFDFFEFCE5ADA1D5E405" box="[286,392,1010,1036]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1908" valueMax="1915">1908–15</date>
, 1051, 1053, from 
<quantity id="3B539B09557DFFDFFD88E5ADA291E405" box="[618,716,1010,1036]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="26.6">26.6 km</quantity>
W of Tulcán, near Volcán Chiles (LAC field notes of 
<date id="8815102C557DFFDFFAB2E5ADA08AE43B" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1989-06-08">8 June 1989</date>
): dorsum greenish black; flanks and venter pale green to yellow; spiculae black; palmar and plantar tubercles creamy yellow; suborbital region yellowish green; iris black. QCAZ 1911 (juvenile, two color slides of venter taken by LAC): throat, chest and belly pale yellow; lower lip with whitish-cream margin; black pelvic mark; limbs gray ventrally, except tips of fingers and toes black; black stripe extends along mid-length of fingers; black marks on plantar surfaces; palmar and plantar tubercles whitish-cream; outer metatarsal tubercle white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557DFFDFFF24E2A7A4E6E58B" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
EPN 3239–55, from Hacienda La Esperanza (AA field notes, 
<date id="8815102C557DFFDFFC48E2A7A4DEE51B" box="[938,1155,1272,1298]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1986-02-12">12 February 1986</date>
): dorsum plain black to pale gray, olive green, or green; venter yellow to sulfur-yellow and green-yellow with a black pelvic mark. EPN 3253 with black cephalic region extending to middorsum and changing to olive-green posteriorly; gular region bright yellow; abdominal region yellow; extremities olive-green; anal mark orange.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557DFFDFFF24E3D2A1D6E5FB" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">QCAZ 15018, female from San Gabriel (color slide in dorsolateral view taken by Eugenia del Pino): dorsum of head, body, and limbs bright green; flanks yellowish green; spiculae black, canthus, eyelid, and postorbital ridge dark gray.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557DFFDFFF24E3A2A2B1E6DB" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
QCAZ 15019–22, two females and two males from Volcán Cotacachi (Eugenia del Pino Lab notes, 
<date id="8815102C557DFFDFFF75E07DA107E635" box="[151,346,1570,1596]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1976-11">November 1976</date>
): dorsum grayish green; coni black; throat, venter and undersides of forearms yellow; brown or gray mark surrounding anal region. In life, female (QCAZ 15019) from Volcán Cotacachi had a grayish green dorsum with black pointed spiculae; the cloacal region was brown to gray, and the gular region and ventral surfaces of the hind limbs and forearm were yellow, but with a patch of white warts on chest–gular region (Eugenia del Pino, Lab notes, 
<date id="8815102C557DFFDFFE1BE0E7A282E6DB" box="[505,735,1720,1746]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1976-11-13">13 November 1976</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557DFFDFFF24E082A19DE6FE" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2007]" box="[198,448,1757,1783]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557DFFDFFF24E082A160E6FE" bold="true" box="[198,317,1757,1783]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tadpoles.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4B16567557DFFDCFF24E15DA091E22E" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557DFFDEFF24E15DA502E27D" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2007]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,152,628]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557DFFDFFF24E15DA38AE715" bold="true" box="[198,983,1794,1820]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution, ecology, natural history, and conservation status.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557DFFDFFC02E15CA4F4E715" box="[992,1193,1795,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557DFFDFFC02E15CA4F4E715" box="[992,1193,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from paramo and subparamo habitats from Departamento Nariño in southern 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C557DFFDFFC17E177A434E74B" box="[1013,1129,1832,1858]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Colombia</collectingCountry>
to Provincia Imbabura in northern 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C557DFFDFFEE1E112A13AE76E" box="[259,359,1869,1895]" name="Ecuador" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. It occurs in the following natural formations (according to the classification proposed by Va le n ci a 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557DFFDFFEE7E12CA11EE785" box="[261,323,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
1999): Páramo de Frailejones, Páramo Herbáceo, Bosque Siempre Verde Montano Alto and Bosque de Neblina Montano. These habitats lie between 
<quantity id="3B539B09557DFFDFFCAFE1C7A3AEE7BB" box="[845,1011,1944,1970]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="3350.0" valueMax="3900.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800–3900 m</quantity>
in the high massif of the Nudo de Pasto (as defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D557DFFDFFE76E1E2A210E7DE" author="Duellman" box="[404,589,1981,2007]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1979) The herpetofauna of the Andes: Patterns of distribution, origins, differentiation, and present communities In: Duellman, W. E. (Ed.) The South American herpetofauna: Its origin, evolution, and dispersal. Monographs of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, 371 - 459 pp." type="book chapter" year="1979">Duellman 1979</bibRefCitation>
) and in the northern extreme of the Cordillera Occidental del 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C557DFFDFFAD8E1E2A5C1E7DE" box="[1338,1436,1981,2007]" name="Ecuador" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="64902A69557CFFDEFF7DE6C5A0B4E0BD" box="[159,233,154,180]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,224,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[130,1460,196,1899]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. — Map of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador showing localities of Atelopus angelito, A. ardila, A. gigas, A. orcesi, A. pastuso and a population of hypothetical hybrids between A. pastuso and A. ignescens. Symbols for A. ardila indicate one or several close localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197453/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The area of its extent of occurrence is of about 
<quantity id="3B539B09557CFFDEFCD5E6C5A3FDE0BD" box="[823,928,154,180]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.127" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="km" value="3127.0">3127 km</quantity>
2. One locality of 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557CFFDEFB90E6C4A4B3E0BD" box="[1138,1262,155,180]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557CFFDEFB90E6C4A4B3E0BD" box="[1138,1262,155,180]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the western versant of Cordillera Occidental is in close proximity to the Ecuadorian localities of 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557CFFDEFB96E69FA4A8E0D0" box="[1140,1269,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557CFFDEFB96E69FA4A8E0D0" box="[1140,1269,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. angelito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="64902A69557CFFDEFAE7E69FA511E0D3" box="[1285,1356,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,224,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[130,1460,196,1899]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. — Map of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador showing localities of Atelopus angelito, A. ardila, A. gigas, A. orcesi, A. pastuso and a population of hypothetical hybrids between A. pastuso and A. ignescens. Symbols for A. ardila indicate one or several close localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197453/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
); thus, they might have occurred in parapatry or sympatry at these localities. At the 
<typeStatus id="2310884E557CFFDEFBADE6BAA4DFE0F6" box="[1103,1154,229,255]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
locality, Páramo de El Ángel, annual mean rainfall is 
<quantity id="3B539B09557CFFDEFE1CE755A230E12D" box="[510,621,266,292]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1275.0">1275 mm</quantity>
and the annual mean temperature is 6.9 °C (
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D557CFFDEFB90E755A503E12D" author="Hijmans" box="[1138,1374,266,292]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G. &amp; Jarvis, A. (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 25, 1965 - 1978." type="journal article" year="2005">
Hijmans 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557CFFDEFB3CE754A545E12D" box="[1246,1304,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
). KU 164759–848 (WED field notes, 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFDF6E76FA2E8E143" box="[532,693,304,330]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1975-05-18">18 May 1975</date>
) from Páramo de El Ángel, 
<quantity id="3B539B09557CFFDEFBEBE76FA408E143" box="[1033,1109,304,330]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
SW Tulcán, 
<quantity id="3B539B09557CFFDEFB11E76FA510E143" box="[1267,1357,304,330]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="3350.0">3350 m</quantity>
above sea level were found at wet paramo, grazed, with bunch grass and few cushion plants. At the time of collection, one individual was under rock by day; others were crawling on ground and amid vegetation (some ± 
<quantity id="3B539B09557CFFDEFA9DE725A0E6E1B3" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
above ground on sunny side of bunch grass). Temperature data (˚C) were taken for KU 164761–164779 and are shown in 
<tableCitation id="B1290357557CFFDEFE8BE79AA19EE1D6" box="[361,451,453,479]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,242,680,704]" captionTargetBox="[151,1316,780,1667]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 5. Temperature variation (° C) of Atelopus pastuso (KU 164761 – 14779)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D46664557CFFDEFF75E4F7A3A6E2B6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" tableUuid="A8D46664557CFFDEFF75E4F7A3A6E2B6">Table 5</tableCitation>
. 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C557CFFDEFE33E79AA1AFE1D6" box="[465,498,453,479]" name="American Samoa" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">As</collectingCountry>
reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D557CFFDEFD6BE79AA498E1D6" author="Duellman" box="[649,1221,453,479]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Duellman, W. E. &amp; Trueb, L. (1986) Biology of Amphibians. McGraw-Hill, New York, 670 pp." type="book" year="1986">
Duellman and Trueb (1986:216 as 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557CFFDEFBC4E799A4E7E1D6" box="[1062,1210,454,479]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557CFFDEFBC4E799A4E7E1D6" box="[1062,1210,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. ignescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, these black frogs are able to raise their body temperatures rapidly by climbing onto sunny sides of bunch grass; within half an hour after emergence, 20 individuals had body temperatures of 0.5 to 4.6˚C (mean = 1.45˚C) above the adjacent substrate. EPN 3239–55 from Hacienda La Esperanza were found between 8:30 to 10:30 hours under stones and trunks in a cypress forest surrounded by cultivated fields (AA field notes, 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFB9FE405A50FE27D" box="[1149,1362,602,628]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1983-02-12">12 February 1983</date>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A8D46664557CFFDEFF75E4F7A3A6E2B6" ID-Table-UUID="A8D46664557CFFDEFF75E4F7A3A6E2B6" box="[151,1019,680,704]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D46664557CFFDEFF75E4F7A3A6E2B6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[151,1316,780,1667]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557CFFDEFF75E4F7A3A6E2B6" blockId="25.[151,1316,680,757]" box="[151,1019,680,704]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557CFFDEFF75E4F7A151E2C9" bold="true" box="[151,268,680,704]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Temperature variation (°C) of 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557CFFDEFDBAE4F6A353E2C9" box="[600,782,681,704]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557CFFDEFDBAE4F6A353E2C9" box="[600,782,681,704]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(KU 164761–14779).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557CFFDEFF48E481A405E7C9" blockId="25.[151,1316,680,757]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,1734,1984]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Frog Temperature Substrate Temperature Air Temperature Adult gravid females were collected on 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFD7AE099A36BE6E9" box="[664,822,1734,1760]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1975-05-18">18 May 1975</date>
, 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFCA0E099A478E6E9" box="[834,1061,1734,1760]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1976-11-13">13 November 1976</date>
, 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFBD3E099A4A9E6E9" box="[1073,1268,1734,1760]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1980-01-12">12 January 1980</date>
, 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFAE2E099A5CAE6E9" box="[1280,1431,1734,1760]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1985-04-05">5 April 1985</date>
, 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFF75E0B3A111E70F" box="[151,332,1772,1798]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1986-03-13">13 March 1986</date>
, August 1986, 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFE1FE0B3A2F8E70F" box="[509,677,1772,1798]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1993-03-02">2 March 1993</date>
; the smallest juvenile (MHNG 2385.51, SVL 
<quantity id="3B539B09557CFFDEFB22E0B3A576E70F" box="[1216,1323,1772,1798]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="12.8">12.8 mm</quantity>
) was collected on 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFEEAE14EA1FFE722" box="[264,418,1809,1835]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1986-08">August 1986</date>
. An amplectant pair (QCAZ 15021, male; 15019, female) was collected on 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFAFAE14EA15EE759" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1976-11-13">13 November 1976</date>
; the female had white eggs and a reddish-white oviduct; the male had pink fat bodies, large testes with the Bidder´s organs (few oocites) over the ventral surfaces of the gonads; in female QCAZ 15022 oocites were mononucleate (Eugenia M. del Pino Lab notes, 
<date id="8815102C557CFFDEFCF9E1DEA3BDE792" box="[795,992,1921,1947]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1976-11">November 1976</date>
). Female QCAZ 15019 contains 201 ovarian eggs about 
<quantity id="3B539B09557CFFDEFE99E1F9A1B9E7C9" box="[379,484,1958,1984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.85">1.85 mm</quantity>
of diameter (
<quantity id="3B539B09557CFFDEFD62E1F9A372E7C9" box="[640,815,1958,1984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" metricValueMax="2.14" metricValueMin="1.62" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.88" valueMax="2.14" valueMin="1.62">1.62–2.14 mm</quantity>
, SD = 0.139523, 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557CFFDEFC1EE1F8A456E7C9" box="[1020,1035,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
= 15).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557CFFDEFF16E553A4BFE68A" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<table id="8EABC44C557C0038FF75E553A579E68A" box="[151,1316,780,1667]" gridcols="3" gridrows="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E553A579E32A" box="[151,1316,780,803]" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E553A17EE32A" box="[151,291,780,803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">14.4</th>
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE553A285E32A" box="[681,728,780,803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.0</th>
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E553A579E32A" box="[1203,1316,780,803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.2</th>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E566A579E359" box="[151,1316,825,848]" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E566A17EE359" box="[151,291,825,848]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.0</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE566A285E359" box="[681,728,825,848]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">14.2</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E566A579E359" box="[1203,1316,825,848]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E539A579E374" box="[151,1316,870,893]" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E539A17EE374" box="[151,291,870,893]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">14.8</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE539A285E374" box="[681,728,870,893]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.0</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E539A579E374" box="[1203,1316,870,893]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E5CBA579E3A2" box="[151,1316,916,939]" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E5CBA17EE3A2" box="[151,291,916,939]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">18.4</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE5CBA285E3A2" box="[681,728,916,939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.6</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E5CBA579E3A2" box="[1203,1316,916,939]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E59DA579E3D0" box="[151,1316,962,985]" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E59DA17EE3D0" box="[151,291,962,985]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.6</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE59DA285E3D0" box="[681,728,962,985]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">14.6</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E59DA579E3D0" box="[1203,1316,962,985]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E5B0A579E40F" box="[151,1316,1007,1030]" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E5B0A17EE40F" box="[151,291,1007,1030]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.6</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE5B0A285E40F" box="[681,728,1007,1030]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.6</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E5B0A579E40F" box="[1203,1316,1007,1030]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E243A579E43A" box="[151,1316,1052,1075]" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E243A17EE43A" box="[151,291,1052,1075]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">19.2</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE243A285E43A" box="[681,728,1052,1075]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.6</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E243A579E43A" box="[1203,1316,1052,1075]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E215A579E468" box="[151,1316,1098,1121]" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E215A17EE468" box="[151,291,1098,1121]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.6</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE215A285E468" box="[681,728,1098,1121]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">14.8</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E215A579E468" box="[1203,1316,1098,1121]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E228A579E487" box="[151,1316,1143,1166]" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E228A17EE487" box="[151,291,1143,1166]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">19.8</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE228A285E487" box="[681,728,1143,1166]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.2</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E228A579E487" box="[1203,1316,1143,1166]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E2FAA579E4B5" box="[151,1316,1189,1212]" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E2FAA17EE4B5" box="[151,291,1189,1212]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.0</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE2FAA285E4B5" box="[681,728,1189,1212]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">14.4</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E2FAA579E4B5" box="[1203,1316,1189,1212]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E28CA579E4E3" box="[151,1316,1235,1258]" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E28CA17EE4E3" box="[151,291,1235,1258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.6</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE28CA285E4E3" box="[681,728,1235,1258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">14.5</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E28CA579E4E3" box="[1203,1316,1235,1258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E35FA579E51E" box="[151,1316,1280,1303]" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E35FA17EE51E" box="[151,291,1280,1303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.2</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE35FA285E51E" box="[681,728,1280,1303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.4</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E35FA579E51E" box="[1203,1316,1280,1303]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E372A579E54D" box="[151,1316,1325,1348]" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E372A17EE54D" box="[151,291,1325,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.4</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE372A285E54D" box="[681,728,1325,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.0</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E372A579E54D" box="[1203,1316,1325,1348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E304A579E57B" box="[151,1316,1371,1394]" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E304A17EE57B" box="[151,291,1371,1394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">16.2</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE304A285E57B" box="[681,728,1371,1394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.0</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E304A579E57B" box="[1203,1316,1371,1394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E3D6A579E5A9" box="[151,1316,1417,1440]" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E3D6A17EE5A9" box="[151,291,1417,1440]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">16.8</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE3D6A285E5A9" box="[681,728,1417,1440]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.8</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E3D6A579E5A9" box="[1203,1316,1417,1440]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E3E9A579E5C4" box="[151,1316,1462,1485]" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E3E9A17EE5C4" box="[151,291,1462,1485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">22.5</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE3E9A285E5C4" box="[681,728,1462,1485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">20.8</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E3E9A579E5C4" box="[1203,1316,1462,1485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E3BBA579E5F2" box="[151,1316,1508,1531]" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E3BBA17EE5F2" box="[151,291,1508,1531]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.0</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE3BBA285E5F2" box="[681,728,1508,1531]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.5</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E3BBA579E5F2" box="[1203,1316,1508,1531]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E04EA579E621" box="[151,1316,1553,1576]" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E04EA17EE621" box="[151,291,1553,1576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.5</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE04EA285E621" box="[681,728,1553,1576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">16.8</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E04EA579E621" box="[1203,1316,1553,1576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E061A579E65C" box="[151,1316,1598,1621]" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E061A17EE65C" box="[151,291,1598,1621]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.5</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE061A285E65C" box="[681,728,1598,1621]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.0</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E061A579E65C" box="[1203,1316,1598,1621]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557C0038FF75E033A579E68A" box="[151,1316,1644,1667]" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="014A5DD2557C0038FF75E033A17EE68A" box="[151,291,1644,1667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">18.2</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FD4BE033A285E68A" box="[681,728,1644,1667]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.5</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557C0038FB51E033A579E68A" box="[1203,1316,1644,1667]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557FFFDDFF24E6C7A33BE20B" blockId="26.[151,1436,152,514]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
The stomach contents of four females (MHNG 2258.66-67 from Tulcán, EPN 3244–45 from Espejo) and one male (MHNG 2258.71 from Tulcán) are shown in 
<tableCitation id="B1290357557FFFDDFCFFE6E2A32AE0DE" box="[797,887,189,215]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="26.[151,242,600,624]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,690,1669]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 6. Number of prey items in the stomach contents of Atelopus pastuso from Tulcán and Espejo, Provincia Carchi," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D46664557FFFDDFF75E407A5CBE266" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" tableUuid="A8D46664557FFFDDFF75E407A5CBE266">Table 6</tableCitation>
. In a female (MHNG 2258.66), approximately 80 % of stomach contents were unidentifiable digested vegetal and animal material; the largest prey item was a 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF4FE757A167E12B" box="[173,314,264,290]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lampyridae</taxonomicName>
larva with a length of 
<quantity id="3B539B09557FFFDDFDADE757A2E0E12B" box="[591,701,264,290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.27" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="6.27">6.27 mm</quantity>
; a wing of an undetermined 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFBF4E757A4E8E12B" box="[1046,1205,264,290]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
was 5.29 long; the most common items, the Acari, were 
<quantity id="3B539B09557FFFDDFD81E772A34DE14E" box="[611,784,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.199999999999999" metricValueMax="10.2" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.72" valueMax="1.02" valueMin="0.42">0.42–1.02 mm</quantity>
long. In a female (MHNG 2258.67), seeds were also observed; approximately 70 % of stomach contents were unidentifiable digested vegetal and animal material; the largest prey item was an unidentified 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFD6AE727A351E19B" box="[648,780,376,402]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
, with elytron 
<quantity id="3B539B09557FFFDDFC56E727A3A7E19B" box="[948,1018,376,402]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long; the most common items, the Acari, were 
<quantity id="3B539B09557FFFDDFECAE7C2A18EE1BE" box="[296,467,413,439]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="8.299999999999999" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.8999999999999999" valueMax="0.97" valueMin="0.83">0.83–0.97 mm</quantity>
long. In a male (MHNG 2258.71), approximately 75 % of stomach contents were unidentifiable vegetal and animal digested material; the largest prey item was a 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFBDCE79DA496E1D5" box="[1086,1227,450,476]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lampyridae</taxonomicName>
larva 
<quantity id="3B539B09557FFFDDFAF6E79DA505E1D5" box="[1300,1368,450,476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long; the most common items, the Acari, were 
<quantity id="3B539B09557FFFDDFD9BE7B7A379E20B" box="[633,804,488,514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.73" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.015" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.73">0.73–1.30 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A8D46664557FFFDDFF75E407A5CBE266" ID-Table-UUID="A8D46664557FFFDDFF75E407A5CBE266" box="[151,1430,600,624]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D46664557FFFDDFF75E407A5CBE266" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[151,1430,690,1669]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557FFFDDFF75E407A5CBE266" blockId="26.[151,1430,600,661]" box="[151,1430,600,624]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557FFFDDFF75E407A156E279" bold="true" box="[151,267,600,624]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
Number of prey items in the stomach contents of 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFCFAE406A391E279" box="[792,972,601,624]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557FFFDDFCFAE406A391E279" box="[792,972,601,624]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Tulcán and Espejo, Provincia Carchi,
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557FFFDDFF75E421A21EE29C" blockId="26.[151,1430,600,661]" box="[151,579,638,661]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C557FFFDDFF75E421A0AEE29C" box="[151,243,638,661]" name="Ecuador" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. An asterisc (*) indicates larva.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557FFFDDFF7AE4EDA579E68C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<table id="8EABC44C557F0038FF75E4EDA5CBE68C" box="[151,1430,690,1669]" gridcols="4" gridrows="21" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E4EDA5CBE2CE" box="[151,1430,690,711]" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E4EDA1C3E2CE" box="[151,414,690,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Taxa</th>
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE4EDA2E7E2CE" box="[541,698,690,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Female</th>
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E4EDA4D0E2CE" box="[756,1165,690,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Female Female Female</th>
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E4EDA5CBE2CE" box="[1226,1430,690,711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Male</th>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E482A5CBE2FB" box="[151,1430,733,754]" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE482A2E7E2FB" box="[541,698,733,754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MHNG 2258.66</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E482A4D0E2FB" box="[756,1165,733,754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MHNG 2258.67 EPN 3244 EPN 3245</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E482A5CBE2FB" box="[1226,1430,733,754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MHNG 2258.71</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E558A5CBE315" box="[151,1430,775,796]" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E558A1C3E315" box="[151,414,775,796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Acari</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE558A2E7E315" box="[541,698,775,796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E558A4D0E315" box="[756,1165,775,796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">25 – –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E558A5CBE315" box="[1226,1430,775,796]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E56DA5CBE34E" box="[151,1430,818,839]" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E56DA1C3E34E" box="[151,414,818,839]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Acari (Oribatei)</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE56DA2E7E34E" box="[541,698,818,839]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E56DA4D0E34E" box="[756,1165,818,839]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– – 5</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E56DA5CBE34E" box="[1226,1430,818,839]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E502A5CBE37B" box="[151,1430,861,882]" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E502A1C3E37B" box="[151,414,861,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Aracnida</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE502A2E7E37B" box="[541,698,861,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E502A4D0E37B" box="[756,1165,861,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– – 7</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E502A5CBE37B" box="[1226,1430,861,882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E5D8A5CBE395" box="[151,1430,903,924]" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E5D8A1C3E395" box="[151,414,903,924]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Apterigota</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE5D8A2E7E395" box="[541,698,903,924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2*</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E5D8A4D0E395" box="[756,1165,903,924]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E5D8A5CBE395" box="[1226,1430,903,924]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E5EDA5CBE3CE" box="[151,1430,946,967]" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E5EDA1C3E3CE" box="[151,414,946,967]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE5EDA15CE3CE" box="[152,257,946,967]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE5EDA2E7E3CE" box="[541,698,946,967]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E5EDA4D0E3CE" box="[756,1165,946,967]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">5 – –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E5EDA5CBE3CE" box="[1226,1430,946,967]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E583A5CBE3F8" box="[151,1430,988,1009]" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E583A1C3E3F8" box="[151,414,988,1009]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE583A1C3E3F8" box="[152,414,988,1009]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera (Curculionidae)</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE583A2E7E3F8" box="[541,698,988,1009]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E583A4D0E3F8" box="[756,1165,988,1009]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2 – –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E583A5CBE3F8" box="[1226,1430,988,1009]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E258A5CBE415" box="[151,1430,1031,1052]" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E258A1C3E415" box="[151,414,1031,1052]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE258A1D7E415" box="[152,394,1031,1052]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera (Lampyridae)</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE258A2E7E415" box="[541,698,1031,1052]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1*</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E258A4D0E415" box="[756,1165,1031,1052]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– – –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E258A5CBE415" box="[1226,1430,1031,1052]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1*</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E26EA5CBE44F" box="[151,1430,1073,1094]" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E26EA1C3E44F" box="[151,414,1073,1094]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE26EA121E44F" box="[152,380,1073,1094]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera (Scolytidae)</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE26EA2E7E44F" box="[541,698,1073,1094]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E26EA4D0E44F" box="[756,1165,1073,1094]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– 4 –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E26EA5CBE44F" box="[1226,1430,1073,1094]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E203A5CBE478" box="[151,1430,1116,1137]" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E203A1C3E478" box="[151,414,1116,1137]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE203A1C7E478" box="[152,410,1116,1137]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera (Staphylinidae)</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE203A2E7E478" box="[541,698,1116,1137]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E203A4D0E478" box="[756,1165,1116,1137]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– – 1</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E203A5CBE478" box="[1226,1430,1116,1137]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E2D8A5CBE495" box="[151,1430,1159,1180]" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E2D8A1C3E495" box="[151,414,1159,1180]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Collembola</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE2D8A2E7E495" box="[541,698,1159,1180]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E2D8A4D0E495" box="[756,1165,1159,1180]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1 – –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E2D8A5CBE495" box="[1226,1430,1159,1180]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E2EEA5CBE4CF" box="[151,1430,1201,1222]" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E2EEA1C3E4CF" box="[151,414,1201,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE2EEA0BDE4CF" box="[152,224,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE2EEA2E7E4CF" box="[541,698,1201,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E2EEA4D0E4CF" box="[756,1165,1201,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2 24 1*</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E2EEA5CBE4CF" box="[1226,1430,1201,1222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E284A5CBE4F9" box="[151,1430,1243,1264]" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E284A1C3E4F9" box="[151,414,1243,1264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE284A158E4F9" box="[152,261,1243,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE284A2E7E4F9" box="[541,698,1243,1264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">7</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E284A4D0E4F9" box="[756,1165,1243,1264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11 – –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E284A5CBE4F9" box="[1226,1430,1243,1264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E359A5CBE512" box="[151,1430,1286,1307]" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E359A1C3E512" box="[151,414,1286,1307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE359A0A0E512" box="[152,253,1286,1307]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE359A2E7E512" box="[541,698,1286,1307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E359A4D0E512" box="[756,1165,1286,1307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1 – –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E359A5CBE512" box="[1226,1430,1286,1307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E36FA5CBE580" box="[151,1430,1328,1417]" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E36FA1C3E580" box="[151,414,1328,1417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE36FA12CE54C" box="[152,369,1328,1349]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera (Ligaeidae)</taxonomicName>
Homoptera (
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7CE32BA0AFE580" box="[158,242,1396,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphidae</taxonomicName>
)
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE36FA2E7E580" box="[541,698,1328,1417]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E36FA4D0E580" box="[756,1165,1328,1417]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– – 1 – 5 –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E36FA5CBE580" box="[1226,1430,1328,1417]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– –</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E3C1A5CBE5BA" box="[151,1430,1438,1459]" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E3C1A1C3E5BA" box="[151,414,1438,1459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Homoptera (
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFEF2E3C1A1D6E5BA" box="[272,395,1438,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Delphacidae</taxonomicName>
)
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE3C1A2E7E5BA" box="[541,698,1438,1459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E3C1A4D0E5BA" box="[756,1165,1438,1459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– – 1</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E3C1A5CBE5BA" box="[1226,1430,1438,1459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E396A5CBE5D7" box="[151,1430,1481,1502]" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E396A1C3E5D7" box="[151,414,1481,1502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE396A147E5D7" box="[152,282,1481,1502]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE396A2E7E5D7" box="[541,698,1481,1502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E396A4D0E5D7" box="[756,1165,1481,1502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– 17 –</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E396A5CBE5D7" box="[1226,1430,1481,1502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E3ABA5CBE600" box="[151,1430,1524,1545]" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E3ABA1C3E600" box="[151,414,1524,1545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF7AE3ABA1C0E600" box="[152,413,1524,1545]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera (Eulophidae)</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE3ABA2E7E600" box="[541,698,1524,1545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E3ABA4D0E600" box="[756,1165,1524,1545]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– – 7</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E3ABA5CBE600" box="[1226,1430,1524,1545]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E041A5CBE63A" box="[151,1430,1566,1587]" gridrow="19" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E041A1C3E63A" box="[151,414,1566,1587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lepidoptera</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE041A2E7E63A" box="[541,698,1566,1587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E041A4D0E63A" box="[756,1165,1566,1587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">– – 1*</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E041A5CBE63A" box="[1226,1430,1566,1587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="429B34AE557F0038FF75E02FA5CBE68C" box="[151,1430,1648,1669]" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<th id="014A5DD2557F0038FF75E02FA1C3E68C" box="[151,414,1648,1669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Total</th>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FDFFE02FA2E7E68C" box="[541,698,1648,1669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">26</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FD16E02FA4D0E68C" box="[756,1165,1648,1669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">47 45 29</td>
<td id="014A5DD2557F0038FB28E02FA5CBE68C" box="[1226,1430,1648,1669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">26</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557FFFDDFF24E096A543E75A" blockId="26.[151,1436,1737,2024]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFF24E096A1CCE6EB" box="[198,401,1737,1762]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557FFFDDFF24E096A1CCE6EB" box="[198,401,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Atelopus pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered to be Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) (A2ace, IUCN Red List categories and criteria). The species is tagged as Possibly Extinct until further surveys confirm otherwise. The population has declined dramatically (more than 80 %) in the last two decades probably because of climate change and the impact of pathogens, which have affected many other montane species of 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557FFFDDFB53E166A54AE75B" box="[1201,1303,1849,1874]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557FFFDDFB53E166A54AE75B" box="[1201,1303,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Atelopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557FFFDCFF24E101A42DE0F5" blockId="26.[151,1436,1737,2024]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,152,964]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
This species was abundant at least at some localities. On 
<date id="8815102C557FFFDDFC8CE101A453E771" box="[878,1038,1886,1912]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1975-05-18">18 May 1975</date>
, a field party from the University of Kansas recorded 90 individuals (0.50 ind/pers/min) at Páramo El Angel (Carchi Province; 
<quantity id="3B539B09557FFFDDFB0CE1DCA516E794" box="[1262,1355,1923,1949]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="3350.0">3350 m</quantity>
; WED field notes). 
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D557FFFDDFECFE1F6A2D2E7CA" author="Almendariz" box="[301,655,1961,1987]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Almendariz, A. &amp; Orces, G. (2004) Distribucion de algunas especies de la herpetofauna de los pisos: altoandino, temperado y subtropical. Politecnica, 25, 97 - 150." type="journal article" year="2004">Alméndariz and Orcés (2004)</bibRefCitation>
reported, in 1986, densities of 10 individuals per square meter in Páramo de El Ángel. The last living individuals were seen in 1993, in spite of many collecting efforts at several localities throughout the entire range of its distribution. In 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C557EFFDCFC75E6C7A453E0BB" box="[919,1038,152,178]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, although this species previously was abundant at several localities, no individuals have been found after 
<date id="8815102C557EFFDCFC07E6E2A496E0DE" box="[997,1227,189,215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1982-11-16">16 November 1982</date>
, despite intensive search efforts since the mid-1990´s (
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D557EFFDCFDA3E6BDA439E0F5" author="Cepeda-Quilindo" box="[577,1124,226,252]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Cepeda-Quilindo, B. &amp; Rueda-Almonacid, J. V. (2005) Atelopus complejo ignescens. In: Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T. &amp; Angulo, A. (Eds.) Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, 135 pp." type="book" year="2005">Cepeda-Quilindo and Rueda-Almonacid 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557EFFDCFF24E757A091E22E" blockId="27.[151,1436,152,964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
In 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C557EFFDCFF0AE757A111E12B" box="[232,332,264,290]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, several dead or unhealthy individuals were found throughout its range before its disappearance: QCAZ 3742 was collected in an unhealthy condition at 
<quantity id="3B539B09557EFFDCFC61E772A392E14E" box="[899,975,301,327]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="42.0">42 km</quantity>
W of Tulcán; it was active at 15:35h, close to the road and at about 
<quantity id="3B539B09557EFFDCFE1CE70DA271E165" box="[510,556,338,364]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
from a stream in natural forest; the animal died the next day after capture (LAC field notes, 
<date id="8815102C557EFFDCFE96E727A27CE19B" box="[372,545,376,402]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1993-03-02">2 March 1993</date>
). The last living individuals were observed (but not collected) on 
<date id="8815102C557EFFDCFADDE727A089E1BE" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1993-06-29">29 June 1993</date>
, when six additional individuals were found dead between 13:00h and 14:00h at Quebrada Chumaví, 
<quantity id="3B539B09557EFFDCFA6FE7C2A0E0E1D5" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
N of Cuicocha, Imbabura Province (putative hybrid zone, see under Remarks). 
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D557EFFDCFB7DE79DA5C6E1D5" author="Merino-Viteri" box="[1183,1435,450,476]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Merino-Viteri, A. (2001) Analisis de posibles causas de las disminuciones de poblaciones de anfibios en los Andes del Ecuador. Tesis de Licenciatura, Quito, Ecuador, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. 66 pp." type="book" year="2001">Merino-Viteri (2001)</bibRefCitation>
examined three of these specimens (QCAZ 3691, 3699, 3742) and reported them as positive for chytrid infection.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4B16567557EFFDCFF24E46DA4C2E27B" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557EFFDCFF24E46DA4C2E27B" blockId="27.[151,1436,152,964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFF24E46DA10EE245" bold="true" box="[198,339,562,588]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFDD8E46DA2C9E242" box="[570,660,562,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFDD8E46DA2C9E242" box="[570,660,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is used as a noun in apposition. 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFBF1E46DA430E245" box="[1043,1133,562,588]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">Pastuso</taxonomicName>
is a Spanish word, which refers to the inhabitants of the Pasto region in southern 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C557EFFDCFCC2E407A3C9E27B" box="[800,916,600,626]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and northern 
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C557EFFDCFBD5E407A4C6E27B" box="[1079,1179,600,626]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4B16567557EFFDCFF24E4DFA3A5E3CD" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FC1436EC557EFFDCFF24E4DFA3A5E3CD" blockId="27.[151,1436,152,964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFF24E4DFA11DE293" bold="true" box="[198,320,640,666]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
Twenty-one specimens from an area of about 
<quantity id="3B539B09557EFFDCFC67E4DFA3B4E293" box="[901,1001,640,666]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6399999999999997" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="26.4">26.4 km</quantity>
2 (
<figureCitation id="64902A69557EFFDCFBE5E4DFA412E293" box="[1031,1103,640,666]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,224,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[130,1460,196,1899]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. — Map of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador showing localities of Atelopus angelito, A. ardila, A. gigas, A. orcesi, A. pastuso and a population of hypothetical hybrids between A. pastuso and A. ignescens. Symbols for A. ardila indicate one or several close localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197453/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)—La Joya-Huagsi (SW of Otavalo) (QCAZ 15016–17), Hacienda Curubí (Páramos de Mojanda) (EPN 3299–301), and Quebrada Chumaví, 
<quantity id="3B539B09557EFFDCFF02E495A141E2ED" box="[224,284,714,740]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
N of Cuicocha (QCAZ 3691–92, 3695–700, 4050, 4798–802; EPN 3312–13)—are similar in coloration to either 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFE83E4AFA182E300" box="[353,479,752,777]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFE83E4AFA182E300" box="[353,479,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFDE9E4AFA2FAE300" box="[523,679,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFDE9E4AFA2F9E300" box="[523,676,752,777]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">A. ignescens</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
However, among them, eight of 
<specimenCount id="EAADFD65557EFFDCFBDBE4AFA4E1E303" box="[1081,1212,752,778]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">15 females</specimenCount>
that are similar in coloration to 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFED1E549A1F0E326" box="[307,429,790,815]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFED1E549A1F0E326" box="[307,429,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, bear a patch of brown pustules and spiculae in chest-throat region. The latter is characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFEC9E564A1E2E35D" box="[299,447,827,852]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFEC9E564A1E2E35D" box="[299,447,827,852]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. ignescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFE2DE564A263E35D" box="[463,574,827,852]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFE2DE564A267E35D" box="[463,570,827,852]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">A. ardila</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFD99E564A351E35D" box="[635,780,827,852]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFD99E564A355E35D" box="[635,776,827,852]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carrikeri">A. carrikeri</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The presence and absence of this feature in specimens from these localities and the occurrence of individuals that have coloration of either 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFB89E53FA4A0E370" box="[1131,1277,864,889]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFB89E53FA4A0E370" box="[1131,1277,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. ignescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFAC0E53FA5C1E370" box="[1314,1436,864,889]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFAC0E53FA5C1E370" box="[1314,1436,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is intriguing. This polymorphism and mixture of characters suggests the possibility of hybridization at the contact zone between 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFE78E5F4A270E3CD" box="[410,557,939,964]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ignescens">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFE78E5F4A270E3CD" box="[410,557,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. ignescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F557EFFDCFD84E5F4A282E3CD" box="[614,735,939,964]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE557EFFDCFD84E5F4A282E3CD" box="[614,735,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. pastuso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see discussion below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>