576 lines
61 KiB
XML
576 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="0DEF63EA0EEE4ECF7C32F3C44D09909E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197448" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f404d861-6038-451d-b7d6-a76a97606159" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197448" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460270039427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Coloma, Luis A., Duellman, William E., C, Ana Almendáriz, Ron, Santiago R., Terán-Valdez, Andrea & Guayasamin, Juan M." docDate="2010" docId="740287FA556EFFC8FF75E342A4B9E322" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02574p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2574" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atelopus gigas Coloma, Duellman, C, Ron, Terán-Valdez & Guayasamin, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="883BFF825565FFC7FFE2E65FA05DE009" masterDocTitle="Five new (extinct?) species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Andean Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698246553572" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="DFF6F6523D24766C10E64DCC718B0577" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4D34B8678B60CAB3339DBCFC8AD60860">
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<mods:title id="BF8AACF59BC7BF36FD42F99C4C1754AA">Five new (extinct?) species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Andean Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="AD080071CF9B3A878DC8DA2E0C05992E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="62D792CCA9C1D8F81FD74A522799B613">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1A48603EA5ECA771173E60488EBA2F2D">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="67CF4EC3064E60C5CB31AB4C2440F5D9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EBFD35DC8F60F8D9C40D70EBED092AF5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9AA110F5968DDF33915689AC405E36E3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="07939389AA14F6350E6C7D997B0A68B6">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D9E20FB940CE86ED853494CE320026E6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A7D2CB992CE503037CA72B8E23FBBB5D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AF3659CC3F8838C40694557CD1097AD6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F709CA456718774FCCF5E005EDE745DF">C, Ana Almendáriz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="685990379473035CF4A21011E09127E7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="55E2CA90DF48273028630B8112822737">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BAF63483B4971AB0C47CBB252C752EBE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3381640155D3FAA0285716173EB15903">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5054242C92490886A8DF33B9701FC9BC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="73FDAA166FB476C07BA135BC0DCCB1C3">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D5D81A5D6A2816C037E317EABB800F77">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A229567E0ECF597F3825B79D15943BC4">Terán-Valdez, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6F5850E6F7FE34963BD2F1244B3C5A51" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A8459984F8A2D7AA9C0696E109120630">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="169C58BECCEAD51D91BEEFDF2ED5318A">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="40A788621DC79A108AE9F2DE296B5564">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BC00FF1C8D084DE8E90708CE8B183309">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8F9BF59FA150C176F50E9C103EA99E43">
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<mods:date id="B7A1DFCE75AF44CE8244B28F6808800C">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0BAD8CDA9D20C72EF548478D18E8E069" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="131D48584AB3D3E7962477378CABE2BD">2574</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="05781BACD9CE10248035E7F381D1EA72">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8566FB5140039EB9B472F043C4EDC60A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.197448</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="373A8CE74B8ED036F64938D2AC6476DE" type="GBIF-Dataset">f404d861-6038-451d-b7d6-a76a97606159</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8894BC16610F25127B32CB4C18AC25C5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D6D37DFDD390709ED0FCE1E1C0C41C3" type="Zenodo-Dep">197448</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="740287FA556EFFC8FF75E342A4B9E322" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202180" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119394975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6202180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:740287FA556EFFC8FF75E342A4B9E322" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/740287FA556EFFC8FF75E342A4B9E322" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="B4B16567556EFFCCFF75E342A1F1E53E" box="[151,428,1309,1335]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC556EFFCCFF75E342A1F1E53E" blockId="11.[151,428,1309,1335]" box="[151,428,1309,1335]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="A75C8180556EFFCCFF75E342A1F1E53E" bold="true" box="[151,428,1309,1335]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFF75E342A1F1E53E" bold="true" box="[151,428,1309,1335]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556EFFCCFF75E342A11AE53E" ID-CoL="J8YN" box="[151,327,1309,1335]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFF75E342A11AE53E" bold="true" box="[151,327,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atelopus gigas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5EC5785556EFFCCFEADE342A1F1E53E" box="[335,428,1309,1335]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4B16567556EFFCCFF75E338A178E61E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC556EFFCCFF75E338A31CE5C5" blockId="11.[151,1436,1383,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFF75E338A14DE588" bold="true" box="[151,272,1383,1409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus id="2310884E556EFFCCFF75E338A156E588" box="[151,267,1383,1409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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KU
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<date id="8815102C556EFFCCFEADE337A1F7E58B" box="[335,426,1384,1410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="20-03-14">140320</date>
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, adult female, from La Victoria, Departamento Nariño,
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<collectingCountry id="84BC767C556EFFCCFBB2E337A49AE58B" box="[1104,1223,1384,1410]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, obtained in
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<date id="8815102C556EFFCCFA84E337A08FE5AE" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1970-05">May 1970</date>
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by Kjell von Schneidern. According to John D. Lynch (in litt.) this locality is in Municipio de Ipiales,
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<quantity id="3B539B09556EFFCCFA9DE3D2A0E0E5C5" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="38.0">38 km</quantity>
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(by road) SE of Ipiales (0˚40' N, 77˚32' W; ~
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<quantity id="3B539B09556EFFCCFD35E3EDA369E5C5" box="[727,820,1458,1484]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC556EFFCCFF24E388A178E61E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1383,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFF24E388A116E5F8" bold="true" box="[198,331,1495,1521]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus id="2310884E556EFFCCFF24E388A11BE5F8" box="[198,326,1495,1521]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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KU
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<date id="8815102C556EFFCCFE6AE387A1BEE5FB" box="[392,483,1496,1522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="15-03-14">140315</date>
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–17,
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<date id="8815102C556EFFCCFDFEE387A229E5FB" box="[540,628,1496,1522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="18-03-14">140318</date>
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(cleared-and-stained adult female),
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<date id="8815102C556EFFCCFBC6E387A422E5FB" box="[1060,1151,1496,1522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="19-03-14">140319</date>
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,
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<date id="8815102C556EFFCCFB6EE387A4BBE5FB" box="[1164,1254,1496,1522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="21-03-14">140321</date>
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–29. Same data as
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<typeStatus id="2310884E556EFFCCFF54E3A2A17CE61E" box="[182,289,1533,1559]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4B16567556EFFCBFF24E07DA46FE29E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC556EFFCCFF24E07DA1FBE786" blockId="11.[151,1436,1383,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFF24E07DA11BE635" bold="true" box="[198,326,1570,1596]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(1) A large species with SVL in adult males 43.0–48.6 (mean =
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<quantity id="3B539B09556EFFCCFBD4E07DA4FFE635" box="[1078,1186,1570,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.56" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="45.6">45.6 mm</quantity>
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, SD = 1.8082,
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFAADE07CA503E635" box="[1359,1374,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
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= 6), and in adult females 43.3–57.2 (mean =
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<quantity id="3B539B09556EFFCCFD92E017A286E66B" box="[624,731,1608,1634]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.38" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="53.8">53.8 mm</quantity>
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, SD = 4.3232,
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFC69E017A3C7E668" box="[907,922,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
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= 9); (2) hind limbs short, tibia length/SVL 0.346–0.413 (
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFEDEE032A116E68F" box="[316,331,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
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= 15); (3) phalangeal formula of hand 2-2-3-3, basal webbing absent; (4) foot webbing formula
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFF07E0CAA0ADE6A6" bold="true" box="[229,240,1685,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">I</emphasis>
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(0–½)-—(½–1)
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFE47E0CAA1E6E6A6" bold="true" box="[421,443,1685,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">II</emphasis>
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(½–1+)—(1½–2+)
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFD65E0CAA2F4E6A6" bold="true" box="[647,681,1685,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">III</emphasis>
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(½–1+)—(2–3)
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFCB4E0CAA32BE6A6" bold="true" box="[854,886,1685,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">IV</emphasis>
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(1½–3)—(½–1½)
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFBB8E0CAA430E6A6" bold="true" box="[1114,1133,1685,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V</emphasis>
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; (5) snout rounded to acuminate in dorsal view, slightly protruding beyond lower jaw; (6) tympanic membrane, tympanic annulus, and stapes absent; (7) dorsal surfaces of body usually smooth, bearing few warts mostly in males; (8) warts present on forearm, flanks and dorsal surfaces of thighs and shanks; spiculae present on flanks of females; (9) vertebral neural processes inconspicuous; (10) dorsum yellowish cream to yellowish tan in preservative; (11) minute gray stippling absent on dorsum of body; (12) venter cream in preservative; (13) gular region without warts, spiculae or coni.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC556EFFCBFF24E1C5A46FE29E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1383,2010]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,152,2010]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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In having a plain yellowish cream to yellowish tan dorsum in preservative,
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556EFFCCFBD6E1C4A4BCE7BD" box="[1076,1249,1947,1972]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFBD6E1C4A4BCE7BD" box="[1076,1249,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Atelopus gigas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5EC5785556EFFCCFB0AE1C5A51FE7BD" box="[1256,1346,1946,1972]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is most similar to
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFEF9E19FA236E7D0" box="[283,619,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556EFFCCFEF9E19FA1F8E7D0" box="[283,421,1984,2009]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guanujo">A. guanujo</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556EFFCCFE54E19FA236E7D0" box="[438,619,1984,2009]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bomolochos">A. bomolochos</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(populations from Cutchil, Provincia Azuay,
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<collectingCountry id="84BC767C556EFFCCFB4BE19FA54DE7D3" box="[1193,1296,1984,2010]" name="Ecuador" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556EFFCBFACBE19FA1BAE0BB" authority="Coloma, Lotters, Duellman" authorityName="Coloma, Lotters, Duellman" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onorei">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556EFFCCFACBE19FA5C1E7D0" box="[1321,1436,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A. onorei</emphasis>
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Coloma, Lötters, Duellman
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</taxonomicName>
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, and Miranda-Leiva,
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFD16E6C7A33DE0B8" box="[756,864,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFD16E6C7A33DE0B8" box="[756,864,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. ardila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5EC57855569FFCBFC8CE6C7A393E0BB" box="[878,974,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(some individuals),
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFB32E6C7A0B7E0DE" authority="Rivero" authorityName="Rivero" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carbonerensis">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFB32E6C7A5C1E0B8" box="[1232,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. carbonerensis</emphasis>
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Rivero
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFF16E6E2A260E0DE" authority="La Marca" authorityName="La Marca" box="[244,573,189,215]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysocorallus">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFF16E6E2A19EE0DF" box="[244,451,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. chrysocorallus</emphasis>
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La Marca
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFD9AE6E2A2A7E0DF" box="[632,762,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sorianoi">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFD9AE6E2A2A7E0DF" box="[632,762,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. sorianoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Andes of
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<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5569FFCBFC39E6E2A40AE0DE" box="[987,1111,189,215]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFB83E6E2A553E0DF" box="[1121,1294,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFB83E6E2A553E0DF" box="[1121,1294,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Atelopus gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean SVL of females 53.8; mean SVL of males 45.6) is significantly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFC2AE6BDA414E0F2" box="[968,1097,226,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guanujo">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFC2AE6BDA414E0F2" box="[968,1097,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. guanujo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean SVL of females 39.6; mean SVL of males 33.9). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFD9DE757A370E128" box="[639,813,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bomolochos">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFD9DE757A370E128" box="[639,813,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. bomolochos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFC87E757A38DE128" box="[869,976,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFC87E757A38DE128" box="[869,976,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. onorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having coni and larger spiculae, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFF35E772A1DBE14F" box="[215,390,301,326]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bomolochos">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFF35E772A1DBE14F" box="[215,390,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. bomolochos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking minute gray stippling (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFC76E772A41FE14F" box="[916,1090,301,326]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bomolochos">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFC76E772A41FE14F" box="[916,1090,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. bomolochos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFBB9E772A555E14F" box="[1115,1288,301,326]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFBB9E772A555E14F" box="[1115,1288,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Atelopus gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFF75E70DA15FE162" box="[151,258,338,363]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFF75E70DA15FE162" box="[151,258,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. ardila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in females lacking a patch of spiculae and coni on the gular and pectoral regions (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFA61E70DA083E198" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFA61E70DA083E198" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. ardila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in having a nearly smooth dorsum (body smooth, bearing spiculae and coni mostly on sacral region in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFF75E7C2A0A2E1BF" box="[151,255,413,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFF75E7C2A0A2E1BF" box="[151,255,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. ardila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by being significantly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFD02E7C2A314E1BF" box="[736,841,413,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ardila">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFD02E7C2A314E1BF" box="[736,841,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. ardila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean SVL of females 46.7; mean SVL of males 38.6) (SVL of females Student’s
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFDC8E79DA26FE1D2" box="[554,562,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">t</emphasis>
|
||
-test,
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFD95E79DA222E1D2" box="[631,639,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">t</emphasis>
|
||
= 6.090, df = 45,
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFC84E79DA325E1D2" box="[870,888,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.0001; SVL of males Student’s
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFACEE79DA569E1D2" box="[1324,1332,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">t</emphasis>
|
||
-test,
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFA9BE79DA5DCE1D2" box="[1401,1409,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">t</emphasis>
|
||
= 10.932, df = 67,
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFE83E7B7A12EE208" box="[353,371,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.0001).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFDE2E7B7A2F2E208" box="[512,687,488,513]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFDE2E7B7A2F2E208" box="[512,687,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Atelopus gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFCB2E7B7A44AE208" box="[848,1047,488,513]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carbonerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFCB2E7B7A44AE208" box="[848,1047,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. carbonerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFBB6E7B7A48AE208" box="[1108,1239,488,513]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sorianoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFBB6E7B7A48AE208" box="[1108,1239,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. sorianoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a less protuberant snout and lacking a prominent postocular crest (postocular crest present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFB40E452A534E22F" box="[1186,1385,525,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carbonerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFB40E452A534E22F" box="[1186,1385,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. carbonerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFF75E46DA141E242" box="[151,284,562,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sorianoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFF75E46DA141E242" box="[151,284,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. sorianoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Furthermore, it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFD77E46DA303E242" box="[661,862,562,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carbonerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFD77E46DA303E242" box="[661,862,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. carbonerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFC7DE46DA42CE242" box="[927,1137,562,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysocorallus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFC7DE46DA42CE242" box="[927,1137,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. chrysocorallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having vocal slits in males (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFE82E407A27AE278" box="[352,551,600,625]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carbonerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFE82E407A27AE278" box="[352,551,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. carbonerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFD80E407A36FE278" box="[610,818,600,625]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysocorallus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFD80E407A36FE278" box="[610,818,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. chrysocorallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and lacking a row of warts on the dorsolateral surfaces of the body in males (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFDB6E422A347E29F" box="[596,794,637,662]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carbonerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFDB6E422A347E29F" box="[596,794,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. carbonerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5569FFCBFCB1E422A47FE29F" box="[851,1058,637,662]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysocorallus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFCB1E422A47FE29F" box="[851,1058,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. chrysocorallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4B165675569FFC8FF24E4FDA35FE0BB" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5569FFCBFF24E4FDA399E3EE" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFF24E4FDA1ACE2B5" bold="true" box="[198,497,674,700]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5569FFCBFE9CE4FDA1B1E2B5" box="[382,492,674,700]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="64902A695569FFCBFDE0E4FDA20EE2B5" box="[514,595,674,700]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. — Holotype of Atelopus gigas (KU 140320): (A) adult female, SVL = 55.9 mm; (B) ventral view of right hand, enlarged 4.5 times of A; (C) ventral view of left foot; enlarged 3.7 times of A." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197454/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Head slightly longer than wide, HLSQ and HDWD less than one third SVL (HLSQ/SVL = 0.277, HDWD/SVL = 0.266); snout rounded in dorsal view; in lateral view, profile of tip of snout to the anterior margin of jaw nearly straight and slightly protuberant; swollen gland on tip of snout absent; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally, situated at level slightly posterior to apex of lower jaw; canthus rostralis distinct, nearly straight from eye to nostril; loreal region concave; lips not flared; interorbital region and occiput flat, smooth; eyelid flared without distinct tubercles; postorbital crest slightly raised, glandular; pretympanic and tympanic areas free of warts; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus absent; postmandibular and temporal area with warts; choanae small, rounded, widely separated; tongue twice as long as wide, broadest at anterior half, free along its posterior half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5569FFCBFF24E5ADA111E533" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Forearm relatively short (RDUL/SVL = 0.300); palmar tubercle round, poorly defined; supernumerary palmar tubercles distinct; thenar and subarticular tubercles low raised; digital tips with round pads; thumb relatively long (THBL/HAND = 0.779), apparently having two phalanges; webbing on hands absent, fingers having lateral keels that are more conspicuous on Finger IV; relative length of fingers II<III<V<IV. Tibia relatively short (TIBL/SVL = 0.374); fold on distal half of inner edge of tarsus absent; inner metatarsal tubercle oval and flat; outer metatarsal tubercle round, slightly raised, about two thirds length of inner metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles absent; subarticular tubercles flat, barely conspicuous; digital pads distinct; webbing formula of foot
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFDA1E2A5A205E51D" bold="true" box="[579,600,1274,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">I(</emphasis>
|
||
0+)—(½)
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFD22E2A5A2BDE51D" bold="true" box="[704,736,1274,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">II(</emphasis>
|
||
½)—(1+)
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFCABE2A5A328E51D" bold="true" box="[841,885,1274,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">III(</emphasis>
|
||
1)—(2+)
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFC34E2A5A45DE51D" bold="true" box="[982,1024,1274,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IV(</emphasis>
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFBEDE2A8A445E50C" bold="true" box="[1039,1048,1271,1285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">+</emphasis>
|
||
)—(1)
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFB83E2A5A429E51D" bold="true" box="[1121,1140,1274,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V</emphasis>
|
||
; relative length of toes I<II<III=V<IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5569FFCBFF24E31AA483E5FD" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dorsal surfaces smooth with scattered flat warts in posterolateral sacral region and on dorsal and posterior surfaces of thighs, increasing in number toward the flanks; warts on flanks and anterior and proximal upper anterior surfaces of forelimbs bear spiculae; each wart may lack or bear a single or a group (up to four) of spiculae; throat, chest, belly, undersides of limbs smooth; underside of arm rugose; cloaca opens as an inconspicuous tube at upper level of thighs, directed posteriorly; rugose margin of cloacal opening.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5569FFCBFF24E05FA3E2E716" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Color in preservative (70–75 % ethanol): dorsal surfaces of head and body pale yellowish cream, becoming pale yellowish tan posteriorly on body, flanks, and dorsal surfaces of limbs; margin of cloacal opening dark brown; minute gray stippling absent on dorsum of body (viewed at
|
||
<date id="8815102C5569FFCBFC06E015A45FE66D" box="[996,1026,1610,1636]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">8x</date>
|
||
magnification); warts and spiculae cream; dorsal surfaces of fingers vary from yellowish cream of inner finger and toe to yellowish tan towards outer fingers and toes; they bear a brown lines present at articular regions of phalanges, with the distal line being better defined than the rest; throat, chest, belly, and ventral surfaces of limbs uniform cream; outer metatarsal tubercle slightly lighter than adjacent areas; proximal end of tongue lacking black pigmentation, but lower lip bearing a poorly pigmented brown margin at distal end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5569FFCBFF24E175A47FE763" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFF24E175A24EE74D" bold="true" box="[198,531,1834,1860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5569FFCBFE45E175A24EE74D" box="[423,531,1834,1860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFDC7E175A20BE74D" bold="true" box="[549,598,1834,1860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mm</emphasis>
|
||
). SVL 55.9, TIBL 20.9, FOOT 21.1, HLSQ 15.5, HDWD 14.9, ITNR 5.3, EYDM 5.8, EYNO 3.9, RDUL 16.8, HAND 13.6, THBL 10.6, SW 16.5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5569FFCAFF24E12AA195E14E" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2010]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,152,327]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5569FFCBFF24E12AA11CE786" bold="true" box="[198,321,1909,1935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Meristic variation is shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="B12903575569FFCBFD4EE12AA358E786" box="[684,773,1909,1935]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,239,375,399]" captionTargetBox="[160,983,616,1509]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Meristic variation of Atelopus gigas. Mean ± one SD, and range are given. Abbreviations follow Gray and Cannatella (1985) and Coloma et al. (2000). They are: SVL = snout – vent length; TIBL = tibia length; FOOT = footh length; HLSQ = head length; HDWD = head width; EYDM = eye diameter; EYNO = eye – nostril distance; ITNA = Internarial distance; RDUL = radio-ulna length; THBL = thumb length; SW = sacrum width. All measurements are in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D466645568FFCAFF75E728A5D9E1FB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="A8D466645568FFCAFF75E728A5D9E1FB">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5569FFCBFCA7E12AA3E8E786" box="[837,949,1909,1935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
resemble the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5569FFCBFBB5E12AA4E3E786" box="[1111,1214,1909,1935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the following noteworthy exceptions. There is variation in size, abundance and distribution of warts and spiculae. For example, a female (KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C5569FFCBFE97E19FA192E7D3" box="[373,463,1984,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="16-03-14">140316</date>
|
||
) has more abundant warts and larger spiculae along dorsum and flanks than other females, whereas female KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C5568FFCAFE11E6C7A216E0BB" box="[499,587,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="17-03-14">140317</date>
|
||
has fewer warts and spiculae. Another female (KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C5568FFCAFB50E6C7A551E0BB" box="[1202,1292,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="17-03-14">140317</date>
|
||
) has a more rugose plantar surface than other females. A juvenile female (KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C5568FFCAFC4EE6E2A45AE0DE" box="[940,1031,189,215]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="21-03-14">140321</date>
|
||
, SVL = 43.3) has more warts and spiculae than other specimens. A female (KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C5568FFCAFD56E6BDA350E0F5" box="[692,781,226,252]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="17-03-14">140317</date>
|
||
) has a shorter than normal and deformed Finger IV. Six males differ among them in that KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C5568FFCAFDB3E757A2F1E12B" box="[593,684,264,290]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="19-03-14">140319</date>
|
||
, and
|
||
<date id="8815102C5568FFCAFD0EE757A319E12B" box="[748,836,264,290]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="24-03-14">140324</date>
|
||
possess more abundant warts on dorsum of sacral region, thighs and shanks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A8D466645568FFCAFF75E728A5D9E1FB" ID-Table-UUID="A8D466645568FFCAFF75E728A5D9E1FB" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D466645568FFCAFF75E728A5D9E1FB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[160,983,616,1509]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5568FFCAFF75E728A5D9E1FB" blockId="13.[151,1436,375,498]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFF75E728A157E186" bold="true" box="[151,266,375,399]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Meristic variation of
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFE19E727A2FCE186" box="[507,673,376,399]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5568FFCAFE19E727A2C0E186" box="[507,669,376,399]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">Atelopus gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mean ± one SD, and range are given. Abbreviations follow Gray and Cannatella (1985) and Coloma
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFE0FE7C7A278E1A6" box="[493,549,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000). They are: SVL = snout–vent length; TIBL = tibia length; FOOT = footh length; HLSQ= head length; HDWD = head width; EYDM = eye diameter; EYNO = eye–nostril distance; ITNA = Internarial distance; RDUL = radio-ulna length; THBL = thumb length; SW = sacrum width. All measurements are in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5568FFCAFD30E44CA33DE221" blockId="13.[722,864,531,595]" box="[722,864,531,552]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5568FFCAFD30E44CA33DE221" box="[722,864,531,552]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFD30E44CA33DE221" box="[722,864,531,552]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Atelopus gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5568FFCAFD00E461A30DE25A" blockId="13.[722,864,531,595]" box="[738,848,574,595]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">La Victoria</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5568FFCAFE49E437A38AE5EC" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<table id="8EABC44C55680038FF42E437A38AE5EC" box="[160,983,616,1509]" gridcols="3" gridrows="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E437A38AE294" box="[160,983,616,669]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FE49E437A279E294" box="[427,548,616,669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFE51E4D7A1E2E294" box="[435,447,648,669]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE437A38AE294" box="[860,983,616,669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Females (
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFC86E4D7A32DE294" box="[868,880,648,669]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E4EDA38AE2EE" box="[160,983,690,743]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E4EDA17EE2EE" box="[160,291,690,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E4EDA279E2EE" box="[427,548,690,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">45.56 ± 1.81 (43–48.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE4EDA38AE2EE" box="[860,983,690,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">53.4 ± 4.32 (43.3–57.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E4A2A38AE33B" box="[160,983,765,818]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E4A2A17EE33B" box="[160,291,765,818]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TIBL</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E4A2A279E33B" box="[427,548,765,818]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17.16 ± 0.39 (16.6–17.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE4A2A38AE33B" box="[860,983,765,818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">19.94 ± 0.89 (17.9–20.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E518A38AE375" box="[160,983,839,892]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E518A17EE375" box="[160,291,839,892]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FOOT</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E518A279E375" box="[427,548,839,892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17.35 ± 1.06 (15.7–18.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE518A38AE375" box="[860,983,839,892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">20.36 ± 1.3 (17.6–21.7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E5CDA38AE3CE" box="[160,983,914,967]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E5CDA17EE3CE" box="[160,291,914,967]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">HLSQ</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E5CDA279E3CE" box="[427,548,914,967]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.72 ± 0.71 (12.6–14.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE5CDA38AE3CE" box="[860,983,914,967]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">15.1 ± 0.59 (14.4–16.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E583A38AE418" box="[160,983,988,1041]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E583A17EE418" box="[160,291,988,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">HDWD</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E583A279E418" box="[427,548,988,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.15 ± 0.54 (12.4–14)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE583A38AE418" box="[860,983,988,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14.46 ± 0.83 (13–15.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E278A38AE455" box="[160,983,1063,1116]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E278A17EE455" box="[160,291,1063,1116]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ITNA</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E278A279E455" box="[427,548,1063,1116]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4.47 ± 0.21 (4.1–4.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE278A38AE455" box="[860,983,1063,1116]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5.14 ± 0.15 (4.9–5.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E22EA38AE4AF" box="[160,983,1137,1190]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E22EA17EE4AF" box="[160,291,1137,1190]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">RDUL</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E22EA279E4AF" box="[427,548,1137,1190]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13.74 ± 0.37 (13.3–14.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE22EA38AE4AF" box="[860,983,1137,1190]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">16.01 ± 1.21 (13.5–17.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E2E4A38AE4F9" box="[160,983,1211,1264]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E2E4A17EE4F9" box="[160,291,1211,1264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">THBL</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E2E4A279E4F9" box="[427,548,1211,1264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7.29 ± 0.36 (7–7.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE2E4A38AE4F9" box="[860,983,1211,1264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">9.49 ± 0.75 (8.4–10.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E359A38AE532" box="[160,983,1286,1339]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E359A17EE532" box="[160,291,1286,1339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SW</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E359A279E532" box="[427,548,1286,1339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">14.49 ± 0.89 (13.4–15.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE359A38AE532" box="[860,983,1286,1339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17.43 ± 1.54 (14.5–19.4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E30FA38AE56C" box="[160,983,1360,1381]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E30FA17EE56C" box="[160,291,1360,1381]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">RDUL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E30FA279E56C" box="[427,548,1360,1381]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(0.27–0.32)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE30FA38AE56C" box="[860,983,1360,1381]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(0.29–0.31)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E324A38AE599" box="[160,983,1403,1424]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E324A17EE599" box="[160,291,1403,1424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TIBL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E324A279E599" box="[427,548,1403,1424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(0.35–0.39)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE324A38AE599" box="[860,983,1403,1424]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(0.35–0.41)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E3FAA38AE5B3" box="[160,983,1445,1466]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E3FAA17EE5B3" box="[160,291,1445,1466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">HLSQ/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E3FAA279E5B3" box="[427,548,1445,1466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(0.29–0.31)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE3FAA38AE5B3" box="[860,983,1445,1466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(0.26–0.34)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="429B34AE55680038FF42E38FA38AE5EC" box="[160,983,1488,1509]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="014A5DD255680038FF42E38FA17EE5EC" box="[160,291,1488,1509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">HDWD/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FE49E38FA279E5EC" box="[427,548,1488,1509]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(0.28–0.30)</td>
|
||
<td id="014A5DD255680038FCBEE38FA38AE5EC" box="[860,983,1488,1509]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(0.25–0.30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5568FFCAFF24E075A334E6F6" blockId="13.[151,1436,1578,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Sexual dimorphism is evident in that females are larger than males (
|
||
<tableCitation id="B12903575568FFCAFC0DE075A417E64D" box="[1007,1098,1578,1604]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,239,375,399]" captionTargetBox="[160,983,616,1509]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Meristic variation of Atelopus gigas. Mean ± one SD, and range are given. Abbreviations follow Gray and Cannatella (1985) and Coloma et al. (2000). They are: SVL = snout – vent length; TIBL = tibia length; FOOT = footh length; HLSQ = head length; HDWD = head width; EYDM = eye diameter; EYNO = eye – nostril distance; ITNA = Internarial distance; RDUL = radio-ulna length; THBL = thumb length; SW = sacrum width. All measurements are in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D466645568FFCAFF75E728A5D9E1FB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="A8D466645568FFCAFF75E728A5D9E1FB">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Males have vocal slits and keratinized nuptial pads on the dorsal and inner surfaces of the thumb and of Finger III, in which they are more abundant at the proximal phalanx. The forelimbs are relatively long and slender only in females, but they are short with a stout muscular area in males (
|
||
<tableCitation id="B12903575568FFCAFCFDE0C5A323E6BD" box="[799,894,1690,1716]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,239,375,399]" captionTargetBox="[160,983,616,1509]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Meristic variation of Atelopus gigas. Mean ± one SD, and range are given. Abbreviations follow Gray and Cannatella (1985) and Coloma et al. (2000). They are: SVL = snout – vent length; TIBL = tibia length; FOOT = footh length; HLSQ = head length; HDWD = head width; EYDM = eye diameter; EYNO = eye – nostril distance; ITNA = Internarial distance; RDUL = radio-ulna length; THBL = thumb length; SW = sacrum width. All measurements are in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8D466645568FFCAFF75E728A5D9E1FB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="A8D466645568FFCAFF75E728A5D9E1FB">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
); there are significant differences in RDUL between males and females (RDUL Student’s
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFD21E09FA296E6D0" box="[707,715,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">t</emphasis>
|
||
-test,
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFCEDE09FA34AE6D0" box="[783,791,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">t</emphasis>
|
||
= 4.4105, df = 13,
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFBEAE09FA447E6D0" box="[1032,1050,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.0007). Males lack coni and nearly lack spiculae, whereas females have coni and spiculae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5568FFCAFF24E155A576E79D" blockId="13.[151,1436,1578,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
All
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5568FFCAFF11E155A13EE72D" box="[243,355,1802,1828]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
lack a brown area surrounding cloacal opening. In preservative, the dorsal coloration varies from uniform yellowish cream (KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C5568FFCAFDABE16FA2FFE743" box="[585,674,1840,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="21-03-14">140321</date>
|
||
) to dark brown (KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C5568FFCAFC43E16FA3A3E743" box="[929,1022,1840,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="19-03-14">140319</date>
|
||
). One individual (KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C5568FFCAFAE8E16FA53EE743" box="[1290,1379,1840,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="18-03-14">140318</date>
|
||
) has two dark brown bars across mid-dorsum of the body and a few, small diffuse dark brown marks on the dorsal surfaces of the hindlimbs. In one female (KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C5568FFCAFD52E125A351E79D" box="[688,780,1914,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="17-03-14">140317</date>
|
||
), the lower lip is more pigmented with brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5568FFCAFF24E1C0A123E7D7" blockId="13.[151,1436,1578,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFF24E1C0A100E7B0" bold="true" box="[198,349,1951,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Color in life</emphasis>
|
||
: Unknown. Presumably yellow or orange by comparison with coloration in ethanol of other preserved
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5568FFCAFEF2E19AA123E7D7" box="[272,382,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5568FFCAFEF2E19AA127E7D7" box="[272,378,1989,2014]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atelopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A8D46664556BFFC9FF75E12EA44AE7A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197454/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1884]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC556BFFC9FF75E12EA44AE7A1" blockId="14.[151,1436,1905,1960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556BFFC9FF75E12EA149E780" bold="true" box="[151,276,1905,1929]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
.—Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556BFFC9FE22E12DA23DE780" box="[448,608,1906,1929]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556BFFC9FE22E12DA23DE780" box="[448,608,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Atelopus gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KU 140320): (A) adult female, SVL = 55.9 mm; (B) ventral view of right hand, enlarged 4.5 times of A; (C) ventral view of left foot; enlarged 3.7 times of A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC556AFFC8FF24E6C8A35FE0BB" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,812]" box="[198,770,151,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF24E6C8A160E0B8" bold="true" box="[198,317,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tadpoles.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles of this species are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4B16567556AFFC8FF24E6E2A46BE2EB" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC556AFFC8FF24E6E2A209E20B" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,812]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF24E6E2A32AE0DE" bold="true" box="[198,887,189,215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution, natural history, and conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FC60E6E2A469E0DF" box="[898,1076,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FC60E6E2A469E0DF" box="[898,1076,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E556AFFC8FA8BE6E2A5C1E0DE" box="[1385,1436,189,215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64902A69556AFFC8FF1DE6BDA11AE0F5" box="[255,327,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,224,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[130,1460,196,1899]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. — Map of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador showing localities of Atelopus angelito, A. ardila, A. gigas, A. orcesi, A. pastuso and a population of hypothetical hybrids between A. pastuso and A. ignescens. Symbols for A. ardila indicate one or several close localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197453/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). This locality currently has cultivated areas. At La Victoria, annual mean rainfall is
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B09556AFFC8FACFE6BDA5C1E0F5" box="[1325,1436,226,252]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1190.0">1190 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the annual mean temperature is 13.3 ºC (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D556AFFC8FD7DE757A3D7E12B" author="Hijmans" box="[671,906,264,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G. & Jarvis, A. (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 25, 1965 - 1978." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Hijmans
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FCE9E757A318E128" box="[779,837,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At time of collection, in
|
||
<date id="8815102C556AFFC8FB58E757A569E12B" box="[1210,1332,264,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1970-05">May 1970</date>
|
||
, four out of seven adult females were gravid. One of them (KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C556AFFC8FCF5E772A32CE14E" box="[791,881,301,327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="18-03-14">140318</date>
|
||
) contained 626 ovarian eggs of about
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B09556AFFC8FAD1E772A5C1E14E" box="[1331,1436,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.15">2.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
of diameter (
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FEDAE70DA11AE162" box="[312,327,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15, SD = 0.151). The stomach of KU
|
||
<date id="8815102C556AFFC8FCB0E70DA3F7E165" box="[850,938,338,364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="18-03-14">140318</date>
|
||
contained remains of 63 arthropods [22
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FF75E727A145E19B" box="[151,280,376,402]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FEA9E727A192E19B" box="[331,463,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Brenthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Brenthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 7
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FE1EE727A22BE19B" box="[508,630,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 3
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FD46E727A310E19B" box="[676,845,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 4
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FC99E727A442E19B" box="[891,1055,376,402]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Staphylinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 7 undetermined), 13 Acari, 7
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FF75E7C2A167E1BE" box="[151,314,413,439]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 4
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FEB9E7C2A1EBE1BE" box="[347,438,413,439]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1 Aracnida, 1 Blatodea, 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FD11E7C2A32FE1BE" box="[755,882,413,439]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1 Homoptera, 7 undetermined insects, 5 insect larvae], vegetal material, unidentified helminth endoparasites, and some undetermined material. The largest prey was an insect larva
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B09556AFFC8FE55E7B7A24CE20B" box="[439,529,488,514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC556AFFC8FF24E452A46BE2EB" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,812]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FF24E452A128E22F" box="[198,373,525,550]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF24E452A128E22F" box="[198,373,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered as Data Deficient under IUCN Red List categories and criteria, because no collecting efforts have been carried out at its only known locality. Nonetheless, a similar fate of either severe decline or extinction (as most highland species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FD08E407A30DE278" box="[746,848,600,625]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FD08E407A30DE278" box="[746,848,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is a reasonable presumption. The chytrid fungus has been reported in very close proximity to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E556AFFC8FD04E422A344E29E" box="[742,793,637,663]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in an Ecuadorian locality at Carchi Province (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D556AFFC8FF7DE4FDA1F4E2B5" author="Ron" box="[159,425,674,700]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Ron, S. R. & Merino, A. (2000) Amphibian declines in Ecuador: overview and first report of chytridiomycosis from South America. Froglog, 42, 2 - 3." type="journal article" year="2000">Ron and Merino 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).The risk factor of potential threat caused by the chytrid for anuran amphibian species calculated by Rödder
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FE75E497A18FE2E8" box="[407,466,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009:
|
||
<figureCitation id="64902A69556AFFC8FDC7E497A237E2EB" box="[549,618,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[468,1102,1319,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[463,1117,1305,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. — Axes PC I and PC II from Principal Components Analysis based on eight size-corrected morphological variables for populations of Atelopus ardila and A. ignescens from Colombia and Ecuador. Circles = A. ardila; X = A. ignescens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197450/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) is high at the area of its distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4B16567556AFFC8FF24E4B2A4B9E322" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC556AFFC8FF24E4B2A4B9E322" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,812]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF24E4B2A10EE30E" bold="true" box="[198,339,749,775]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FEB8E4B2A1C3E30E" box="[346,414,749,775]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">Gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a noun in apposition from the Greek word “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FC5DE4B2A45CE30E" box="[959,1025,749,775]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">gigas</taxonomicName>
|
||
” that means giant. It is used in reference to the large size of this species, which is exceeded in size only by
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FC12E54DA4B9E322" box="[1008,1252,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FC12E54DA482E322" box="[1008,1247,786,811]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">Atelopus boulengeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |