269 lines
32 KiB
XML
269 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="C86318958461DC6010849DE831D9095A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197448" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f404d861-6038-451d-b7d6-a76a97606159" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197448" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460270039427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Coloma, Luis A., Duellman, William E., C, Ana Almendáriz, Ron, Santiago R., Terán-Valdez, Andrea & Guayasamin, Juan M." docDate="2010" docId="740287FA5544FFE5FF75E07AA3E3E6A6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02574p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2574" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atelopus angelito" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="883BFF825565FFC7FFE2E65FA05DE009" masterDocTitle="Five new (extinct?) species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Andean Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698246553572" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="443C33C82C3EC3F6123F1A9B261B5E91">Five new (extinct?) species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Andean Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="05D4BC43369CC0A9BD20DC93F56FA502">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D25727C80015B361E4636BBDD739E0F">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D49B68C44AF154AFE363BE74888B230D">C, Ana Almendáriz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1170D77BD59F4A1E5CAE4EDADAA2A16A">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B98556EAA4589FA12659CDC0383655F1">Terán-Valdez, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E3B6A0C48EFA48E170951971A5E510E">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="174A27A16628E571DD82760B7D51CE6F">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="740287FA5544FFE5FF75E07AA3E3E6A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202188" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119394978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6202188" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:740287FA5544FFE5FF75E07AA3E3E6A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/740287FA5544FFE5FF75E07AA3E3E6A6" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="B4B165675544FFE6FF75E07AA348E636" box="[151,789,1573,1599]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC5544FFE6FF75E07AA348E636" blockId="33.[151,789,1573,1599]" box="[151,789,1573,1599]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="A75C81805544FFE6FF75E07AA348E636" bold="true" box="[151,789,1573,1599]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5544FFE6FF75E07AA348E636" bold="true" box="[151,789,1573,1599]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5544FFE6FF75E07AA137E636" ID-CoL="J8XD" box="[151,362,1573,1599]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5544FFE6FF75E07AA137E636" bold="true" box="[151,362,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Atelopus angelito</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: New country record for
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<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5544FFE6FD4BE07AA348E636" box="[681,789,1573,1599]" name="Ecuador" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B4B165675544FFE5FF75E02FA2D9E37E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC5544FFE5FF75E02FA4C2E19B" blockId="33.[151,1437,1648,2010]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,152,1711]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5544FFE6FF75E02FA350E683" ID-CoL="J8XD" authority="Ardila-Robayo and Ruiz-Carranza" authorityName="Ardila-Robayo and Ruiz-Carranza" box="[151,781,1648,1674]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5544FFE6FF75E02FA135E680" box="[151,360,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Atelopus angelito</emphasis>
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Ardila-Robayo and Ruiz-Carranza
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</taxonomicName>
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was named and described from the subparamo of the Páramo de las Papas at Cordillera Central of the Andes in Departamento del Cauca,
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<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5544FFE6FB63E0CAA4A5E6A6" box="[1153,1272,1685,1711]" name="Colombia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, at Municipio de San Sebastián, near Valencia, ca.
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<geoCoordinate id="999F502B5544FFE6FDABE0E5A2F2E6DD" box="[585,687,1722,1748]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="1.85">1° 51' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="999F502B5544FFE6FD5EE0E5A368E6DD" box="[700,821,1722,1748]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-76.78333">76° 47' W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="3B539B095544FFE6FCA0E0E5A3B5E6DD" box="[834,1000,1722,1748]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="2950.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="2900.0">2900–3000 m</quantity>
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. Their description was based on five adult males, one female and three juveniles. Additionally,
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<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5544FFE6FCA9E0BFA40FE6F3" author="Ardila-Robayo" box="[843,1106,1760,1786]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Ardila-Robayo, M. C. (2005) Atelopus angelito. In: Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T. & Angulo, A. (Eds.) Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, Colombia, 56 pp." type="book" year="2005">Ardila-Robayo (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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provided data on conservation. Two other females were recorded (under the name
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5544FFE6FCD8E159A3FDE716" ID-CoL="34W6" box="[826,928,1798,1823]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5544FFE6FCD8E159A3FDE716" box="[826,928,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Atelopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 14) from Río La Plata, Comunidad de Morán, Reserva Ecológica El Ángel, Provincia Carchi,
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<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5544FFE6FCC0E175A3D8E74D" box="[802,901,1834,1860]" name="Ecuador" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, by
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<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5544FFE6FC54E175A5C5E74D" box="[950,1432,1834,1860]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Yanez-Munoz, M. & Altamirano B., M. (2005) Atelopus sp. 14. In: Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T. & Angulo, A. (Eds.) Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, 150 pp." type="book">Yánez-Muñoz and Altamirano B. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Herein, these specimens are also referred to
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5544FFE6FD23E10FA3C1E760" box="[705,924,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5544FFE6FD23E10FA3C5E760" ID-CoL="J8XD" box="[705,920,1872,1897]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">Atelopus angelito</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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They provided SVL’s for two females, a description of color in life, two photographs (top one, KU 178417), and conservation data. Herein we report additional data of the latter individual KU 178417 (
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<figureCitation id="64902A695544FFE6FD18E1C5A310E7BD" box="[762,845,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,173,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[115,1492,139,1765]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. — (A, B) Atelopus ardila from 12 km E of Pasto, Departamento Nariño, Colombia (KU 169287 – 88, photos: WED); (C – D) Atelopus pastuso from Tulcán and 26, 6 km W Tulcán, Provincia Carchi, Ecuador (MNHG 2258.68, QCAZ 1911, photos: LAC); (E – F) Atelopus pastuso from Tulcán and Cerro Cotacachi (MNHG 2258.65, QCAZ 15021 adult male, photos: LAC, Eugenia M. del Pino, respectively); (G) Atelopus pastuso from Hacienda La Esperanza (EPN 3244 adult female, photo: AA); (H) Atelopus angelito from NE Maldonado (KU 3244 adult female, photo: John D. Lynch)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197452/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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H, 14), an adult gravid female that we consider to be conspecific with
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5544FFE6FE63E19FA254E7D0" box="[385,521,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5544FFE6FE63E19FA258E7D0" ID-CoL="J8XD" box="[385,517,1984,2009]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">A. angelito</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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It was found under a stone
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<quantity id="3B539B095544FFE6FCA9E19FA3CBE7D3" box="[843,918,1984,2010]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
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(airline) SE Maldonado (ca.
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<geoCoordinate id="999F502B5544FFE6FB0BE19FA510E7D3" box="[1257,1357,1984,2010]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="0.81666666">0° 49' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="999F502B5544FFE5FABAE19FA0EEE0BB" direction="west" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="-78.05">78° 3' W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="3B539B095547FFE5FF5CE6C7A147E0BB" box="[190,282,152,178]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
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), Provincia Carchi,
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<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5547FFE5FDE0E6C7A23BE0BB" box="[514,614,152,178]" name="Ecuador" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, by John D. Lynch, on
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<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FC91E6C7A44FE0BB" box="[883,1042,152,178]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1977-05-31">31 May 1977</date>
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. The Ecuadorian localities extend the geographic range of
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5547FFE5FE5FE6E2A21DE0DF" ID-CoL="J8XD" box="[445,576,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FE5FE6E2A21DE0DF" box="[445,576,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A. angelito</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<quantity id="3B539B095547FFE5FDA8E6E2A2FBE0DE" box="[586,678,189,215]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="km" value="183.0">183 km</quantity>
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(airline) southwest of its
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<typeStatus id="2310884E5547FFE5FC3FE6E2A44DE0DE" box="[989,1040,189,215]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
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locality. The color in life of KU 178417 was described by Lynch (field notes,
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<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FD49E6BDA315E0F5" box="[683,840,226,252]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1977-05-31">31 May 1977</date>
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) as follows: pea green above with black markings; flanks yellow with black, venter orange with black; iris dark brown with yellow edging on pupil. Its measurements and ratios (in mm) are: SVL 49.2, TIBL 17.1, FOOT 19.4, HLSQ 14.1, HDWD 14.3, ITNR 4.6, EYDM 4.5, EYNO 3.5, RDUL 14.0, HAND 11.2, THBL 8.4, SW 16.5, HDWD/SVL 29.1 %, HLSQ/SVL 28.7 %, HLSQ/HDWD 98.6 %, EYNO/EYDM 77.7 %, TIBL/SVL 34.8 %, FOOT/SVL 39.4 %.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC5547FFE5FF24E7C2A2D9E37E" blockId="34.[151,1436,152,1711]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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A comparison of the female (KU 178417) with specimens of the original description of
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5547FFE5FB2CE7C2A5C1E1BF" ID-CoL="J8XD" box="[1230,1436,413,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FB2CE7C2A5C1E1BF" box="[1230,1436,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Atelopus angelito</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not reveal any major differences, but there are subtle differences in size, amount of foot webbing, and coloration. The only adult female available from the
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<typeStatus id="2310884E5547FFE5FCE6E7B7A36AE20B" box="[772,823,488,514]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
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locality is smaller (SVL = 41.0 mm) than the Ecuadorian female (SVL =
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<quantity id="3B539B095547FFE5FE7DE452A250E22E" box="[415,525,525,551]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.92" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="49.2">49.2 mm</quantity>
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). Nonetheless, the two additional adult females (deposited at Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, MECN) recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5547FFE5FD12E46DA30FE245" box="[752,850,562,588]" name="Ecuador" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5547FFE5FC9DE46DA501E245" box="[895,1372,562,588]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Yanez-Munoz, M. & Altamirano B., M. (2005) Atelopus sp. 14. In: Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T. & Angulo, A. (Eds.) Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, 150 pp." type="book">Yanez-Muñoz and Altamirano B. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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have SVLs of 41.3 and
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<quantity id="3B539B095547FFE5FE8EE407A185E27B" box="[364,472,600,626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.38" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="43.8">43.8 mm</quantity>
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. Thus, adult female size of the topotypic female is very close to the range of variation of Ecuadorian females. The extent of webbing described in the diagnosis and depicted (of a male) in
|
||
<figureCitation id="64902A695547FFE5FA8FE422A0FBE2B5" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,841,865]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,218,829]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[214,1372,218,829]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. — Intrapopulation color variation of Atelopus ardila from 12 km E of Pasto, Departamento Nariño, Colombia: (A) KU 169270; (B) KU 169272; (C) KU 169271; (D) KU 169273 (Photos by WED)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197451/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5547FFE5FF35E4FDA294E2B5" author="Ardila-Robayo" box="[215,713,674,700]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Ardila-Robayo, M. C. & Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. (1998) Una nueva especie de Atelopus A. M. C. Dumeril & Bribon 1841 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) de la Cordillera Central Colombiana. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 83, 281 - 285." type="journal article" year="1998">Ardila-Robayo and Ruiz-Carranza (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is greater than that in the Ecuadorian female. However, the amount of webbing in several specimens (including a female) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5547FFE5FC1DE497A46FE2EB" box="[1023,1074,712,738]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality depicted in
|
||
<figureCitation id="64902A695547FFE5FACFE497A528E2EB" box="[1325,1397,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,173,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[115,1492,139,1765]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. — (A, B) Atelopus ardila from 12 km E of Pasto, Departamento Nariño, Colombia (KU 169287 – 88, photos: WED); (C – D) Atelopus pastuso from Tulcán and 26, 6 km W Tulcán, Provincia Carchi, Ecuador (MNHG 2258.68, QCAZ 1911, photos: LAC); (E – F) Atelopus pastuso from Tulcán and Cerro Cotacachi (MNHG 2258.65, QCAZ 15021 adult male, photos: LAC, Eugenia M. del Pino, respectively); (G) Atelopus pastuso from Hacienda La Esperanza (EPN 3244 adult female, photo: AA); (H) Atelopus angelito from NE Maldonado (KU 3244 adult female, photo: John D. Lynch)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197452/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5547FFE5FF75E4B2A2D8E30E" author="Ardila-Robayo" box="[151,645,749,775]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Ardila-Robayo, M. C. & Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. (1998) Una nueva especie de Atelopus A. M. C. Dumeril & Bribon 1841 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) de la Cordillera Central Colombiana. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 83, 281 - 285." type="journal article" year="1998">Ardila-Robayo and Ruiz-Carranza (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is similar to that in the Ecuadorian female. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5547FFE5FB03E4B2A542E30E" box="[1249,1311,749,775]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">types</typeStatus>
|
||
the flanks are black and creamy white, whereas the flanks in Ecuadorian females are black and yellow. These color differences can be attributed to either intraspecific or geographic inter-population variation; however, sample sizes are too small to know with certainty.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4B165675547FFE5FF24E5DDA3E3E6A6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5547FFE5FF24E5DDA180E4E6" blockId="34.[151,1436,152,1711]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FF24E5DDA355E395" bold="true" box="[198,776,898,924]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Distribution, ecology, and conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5547FFE5FCF2E5DDA382E392" box="[784,991,898,923]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FCF2E5DDA382E392" box="[784,991,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Atelopus angelito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from paramo and subparamo habitats at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B095547FFE5FDF3E5F7A2EEE3CB" box="[529,691,936,962]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="2750.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="2500.0">2500–3000 m</quantity>
|
||
on the eastern slopes of Cordillera Central in Departamento del Cauca in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5547FFE5FE9BE592A1B0E3EE" box="[377,493,973,999]" name="Colombia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the western slopes of Cordillera Occidental in Provincia Carchi in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5547FFE5FF75E5AAA0A6E406" box="[151,251,1013,1039]" name="Ecuador" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The area of its extent of occurrence is of about
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B095547FFE5FCB0E5AAA3F0E406" box="[850,941,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.33" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="km" value="533.0">533 km</quantity>
|
||
2. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5547FFE5FC08E5AAA413E406" box="[1002,1102,1013,1039]" name="Ecuador" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it occurs in the Bosque de Neblina Montano Natural Formation (according to the classification proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5547FFE5FBB6E245A51FE43D" author="Valencia" box="[1108,1346,1050,1076]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Valencia, R., Ceron, C., Palacios, W. & Sierra, R. (1999) Las formaciones naturales de la Sierra del Ecuador. In: Sierra, R. (Ed.) Propuesta preliminar de un sistema de clasificacion de vegetacion para el Ecuador continental. Proyecto INEFAN / GERF-BIRF y Ecociencia, Quito, 79 - 108 pp." type="book chapter" year="1999">
|
||
Valencia
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FB23E244A4A1E43D" box="[1217,1276,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These localities lie in the high massif of the Nudo de Pasto, as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5547FFE5FC45E21FA42EE453" author="Duellman" box="[935,1139,1088,1114]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1979) The herpetofauna of the Andes: Patterns of distribution, origins, differentiation, and present communities In: Duellman, W. E. (Ed.) The South American herpetofauna: Its origin, evolution, and dispersal. Monographs of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, 371 - 459 pp." type="book chapter" year="1979">Duellman (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. At the Ecuadorian locality (
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B095547FFE5FF24E23AA14CE476" box="[198,273,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
SE Maldonado) annual mean rainfall is
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B095547FFE5FD0AE23AA30AE476" box="[744,855,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.051" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="1051.0">1051 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the annual mean temperature is 14.2 °C (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5547FFE5FA89E23AA13DE4AD" author="Hijmans" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G. & Jarvis, A. (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 25, 1965 - 1978." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Hijmans
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FF3FE2D4A144E4AD" box="[221,281,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Ecuadorian localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5547FFE5FD2EE2D4A3C6E4AD" box="[716,923,1163,1188]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FD2EE2D4A3C6E4AD" box="[716,923,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Atelopus angelito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are in close proximity to one locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5547FFE5FA61E2D4A0ACE4C0" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FA61E2D4A0ACE4C0" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A. pastuso</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the western versant of Cordillera Occidental (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64902A695547FFE5FCC7E2EFA331E4C3" box="[805,876,1200,1226]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,224,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[130,1460,196,1899]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. — Map of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador showing localities of Atelopus angelito, A. ardila, A. gigas, A. orcesi, A. pastuso and a population of hypothetical hybrids between A. pastuso and A. ignescens. Symbols for A. ardila indicate one or several close localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197453/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); thus, they might have occurred in parapatry or sympatry at these localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5547FFE5FF24E2A4A53DE58D" blockId="34.[151,1436,152,1711]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5547FFE5FF24E2A4A1CAE51D" box="[198,407,1275,1300]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FF24E2A4A1CAE51D" box="[198,407,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Atelopus angelito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) (A2ace, IUCN Red List categories and criteria). The species is tagged as Possibly Extinct until further surveys confirm otherwise. The population has declined dramatically (more than 80 %; see below) in the last two decades probably because of climate change and the impact of pathogens, that have affected many other montane species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5547FFE5FB11E334A504E58D" box="[1267,1369,1387,1412]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FB11E334A504E58D" box="[1267,1369,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Atelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5547FFE5FF24E3CFA3E3E6A6" blockId="34.[151,1436,152,1711]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The last individual of this species was collected
|
||
<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FCF2E3CFA3E4E5A3" box="[784,953,1424,1450]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1995-04-12">
|
||
12 April
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B095547FFE5FC9CE3CFA3E4E5A3" box="[894,953,1424,1450]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0673" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="in" value="1995.0">1995</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5547FFE5FC01E3CFA40AE5A3" box="[995,1111,1424,1450]" name="Colombia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5547FFE5FB8AE3CFA53DE5A3" author="Ardila-Robayo" box="[1128,1376,1424,1450]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Ardila-Robayo, M. C. (2005) Atelopus angelito. In: Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T. & Angulo, A. (Eds.) Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, Colombia, 56 pp." type="book" year="2005">Ardila-Robayo 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and there have been no additional efforts to find it. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5547FFE5FD3BE3EAA360E5C6" box="[729,829,1461,1487]" name="Ecuador" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the last two living individuals were collected on
|
||
<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FA9DE3EAA152E5FD" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1988-07-22">22 July 1988</date>
|
||
, and no additional records exist since that date, in spite of seven occasional searching efforts by QCAZ parties (
|
||
<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FEAFE05FA1B3E613" box="[333,494,1536,1562]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1989-06-10">10 June 1989</date>
|
||
, 2–3 March 1993,
|
||
<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FD2EE05FA331E613" box="[716,876,1536,1562]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1996-05-10">10 May 1996</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FC9BE05FA41CE613" box="[889,1089,1536,1562]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1999-10-23">23 October 1999</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FBAFE05FA56BE613" box="[1101,1334,1536,1562]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2008-09-17">17 September 2008</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FAA3E05FA170E636" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2008-09-24">24 September 2008</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FEDAE07AA241E636" box="[312,540,1573,1599]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2009-09-28">28 September 2009</date>
|
||
) and intensive searching efforts in
|
||
<date id="8815102C5547FFE5FC56E07AA43FE636" box="[948,1122,1573,1599]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2003" valueMax="2004">2003 and 2004</date>
|
||
by MECN parties at seven nearby sites in Provincia Carchi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5547FFE5FDCFE015A3BBE66D" author="Yanez-Munoz" box="[557,998,1610,1636]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Yanez-Munoz, M. & Altamirano B., M. (2005) Atelopus sp. 14. In: Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T. & Angulo, A. (Eds.) Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, 150 pp." type="book" year="2005">Yánez-Muñoz and Altamirano 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Presence of the amphibian chytrid fungus was reported in an Ecuadorian locality near the localities for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5547FFE5FC56E02FA4DCE680" box="[948,1153,1648,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angelito">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FC56E02FA4DCE680" box="[948,1153,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Atelopus angelito</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5547FFE5FB00E02FA500E680" box="[1250,1373,1648,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pastuso">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5547FFE5FB00E02FA500E680" box="[1250,1373,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A. pastuso</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B095547FFE5FF75E0CAA0BDE6A6" box="[151,224,1685,1711]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="km" value="42.0">42 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Tulcán, Provincia Carchi, in 1993 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5547FFE5FD24E0CAA3ECE6A6" author="Merino-Viteri" box="[710,945,1685,1711]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Merino-Viteri, A. (2001) Analisis de posibles causas de las disminuciones de poblaciones de anfibios en los Andes del Ecuador. Tesis de Licenciatura, Quito, Ecuador, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. 66 pp." type="book" year="2001">Merino-Viteri 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |