plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/25/5E/88/255E882CFFD99266FF70A707C44ABD61.xml
maintenance e9a2255a96 added 25
2024-06-21 12:31:41 +02:00

622 lines
83 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="2638562B8B5DBE6353F48E3C2B23B864" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3994.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6527ffd6-dd55-414d-972f-66fccf8b51df" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237518" ID-ZooBank="22F78B32-A529-474D-9ED4-C2F683F41433" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461272444402" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Spies, Martin &amp; Dettinger-Klemm, Andreas" docDate="2015" docId="255E882CFFD99266FF70A707C44ABD61" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03994p121.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3994 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nubensia nubens Edwards, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="118" masterDocId="D967F054FFD8926FFFE7A134C71DBC21" masterDocTitle="Diagnoses for Nubensia, n. gen. (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironomini), with the first full descriptions of the adult female and larva of N. nubens (Edwards, 1929)" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="110" updateTime="1698611994608" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="1CBD042BEC49869530FF869141948C5E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C4CD9AA2B35CADFF6462E0A419F507C4">
<mods:title id="246AA1735E3F80D15066254AEC536A32">Diagnoses for Nubensia, n. gen. (Diptera, Chironomidae, Chironomini), with the first full descriptions of the adult female and larva of N. nubens (Edwards, 1929)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8CE7A301D934C5E3F73EB88CD4A8C386" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AAEC3C66F8ADEEAD3E9001E19200EC8E">
<mods:roleTerm id="F107B2121E2039450B59D70F0BEE57AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="485380DEBA815E492E4AC1F5BE63C07A">Spies, Martin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="35BA860A7630F0EF4FE1BFBE5548D1BF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0DDD82BE43416BB0EABEA643D271B157">
<mods:roleTerm id="64B5F1E6846D0033EA0D729991BE01C7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A16861A7C013A578B10C6212608F51A5">Dettinger-Klemm, Andreas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="81E9C3AA0C128B6D27ECDD30A6DE2119">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="656372057C680F61E9A2EA49519C9E0D" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="6785F88363DC8905D57313E8C720F7E0">
<mods:title id="B2280C85232BCBF616396D20AFDAB3AC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="EDF17FCF986805F228B9A461C68BBA6C">
<mods:date id="65D664EDFD96B638898FE37F34A8F2A2">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="44BC0E092AAED6C37A6E920438C21740" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4F8F095BBC8DF447BDD6ECF8F60A25EB">3994</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A17CC0959786DE313F79CDB355502EF0" type="issue">
<mods:number id="3B3EEAE59990CC135ED4E76DD10E8973">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A9A593781548522CF8DB399BDF5E6EB5" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A2BD109DDC47430D5CB173526DFEC775">109</mods:start>
<mods:end id="3C4EE9E8347FA8730EB88A308DA986D0">121</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="497F55FC119E51E39C8AD59AFB6D461C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="80F4AAD050AD13ABCB9C9543AFD8F5A9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3994.1.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="47A2D5AD816FB5391BA3E844FD0D5E65" type="GBIF-Dataset">6527ffd6-dd55-414d-972f-66fccf8b51df</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6028B226FE25BA01ECEFE0480E24E0BB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="497FE1C2AFCCA4669A5F8A8CCB67554A" type="Zenodo-Dep">237518</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CB369835E1F80E487DA17EB740513437" type="ZooBank">22F78B32-A529-474D-9ED4-C2F683F41433</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="255E882CFFD99266FF70A707C44ABD61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6096487" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119638893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6096487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:255E882CFFD99266FF70A707C44ABD61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/255E882CFFD99266FF70A707C44ABD61" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<subSubSection id="E5ED6AB1FFD9926EFF70A707C585BA95" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD9926EFF70A707C573BA6F" blockId="1.[151,622,1587,1647]" box="[151,622,1587,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<heading id="F6008E56FFD9926EFF70A707C573BA6F" bold="true" box="[151,622,1587,1614]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" reason="1">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD9926EFF70A707C573BA6F" bold="true" box="[151,622,1587,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD9926EFF70A707C6EBBA6F" ID-CoL="8D2DJ" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[151,502,1587,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nubensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD9926EFF70A707C677BA6C" bold="true" box="[151,362,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Nubensia nubens</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84B05853FFD9926EFDE3A700C573BA6F" box="[516,622,1588,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD9926EFF70A762C616BA4E" blockId="1.[151,622,1587,1647]" box="[151,267,1622,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">(Figs 2–6)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD9926EFF70A7AAC585BA95" blockId="1.[151,1436,1694,1931]" box="[151,664,1694,1716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Selected references to relevant names and material</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5ED6AB1FFD9926EFF70A789C40BBBAA" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD9926EFF70A789C258BAF2" blockId="1.[151,1436,1694,1931]" box="[151,1349,1725,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8DE71E14FFD9926EFF70A789C258BAF2" box="[151,1349,1725,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD9926EFF70A789C5FABAF2" authority="Edwards, 1929: 376" authorityName="Edwards" authorityPageNumber="376" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,743,1725,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentapedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens" subGenus="Pentapedilum">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD9926EFF70A789C508BAF2" box="[151,533,1725,1747]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Pentapedilum (Pentapedilum) nubens</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="2C561F2BFFD9926EFDFBA789C5FABAF2" author="Edwards" box="[540,743,1725,1747]" page="376" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD9926EFDFBA789C5A5BAF2" author="Edwards" box="[540,696,1725,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards, 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 376
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[original publication, description of adult male and female]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD9926EFF70A7E8C414BAD3" blockId="1.[151,1436,1694,1931]" box="[151,777,1756,1778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD9926EFF70A7E8C604BAD3" ID-CoL="9G29B" box="[151,281,1756,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="724C8798FFD9926EFEF9A7E9C657BAD3" box="[286,330,1757,1778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
A—Hofmann (1991: 366 and fig. 1) [larva]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD9926EFF70A7CEC56CBB31" blockId="1.[151,1436,1694,1931]" box="[151,625,1786,1808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD9926EFF70A7CEC604BB31" ID-CoL="9G29B" box="[151,281,1786,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
A—Hofmann (1993: 422) [larva]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD9926EFF70A62DC3ABBB0E" blockId="1.[151,1436,1694,1931]" box="[151,1206,1817,1839]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD9926EFF70A62DC60ABB0E" ID-CoL="63MXN" box="[151,279,1817,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD9926EFF70A62DC60ABB0E" box="[151,279,1817,1839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Polypedilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="724C8798FFD9926EFEFAA62EC654BB0E" box="[285,329,1818,1839]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
A—Brooks
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD9926EFE2DA62EC6E0BB0E" box="[458,509,1817,1839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
(2007: 102 and fig. 6.51) [larva];
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD9926EFCB0A62DC4E3BB0E" box="[855,1022,1817,1839]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refString="Cid Puey, N. (2010) Ecology of the benthic macroinvertebrates in the lower Ebro River: Community characterization, population dynamics and bioaccumulation of pollutants in response to environmental factors. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 259 pp." type="book">Cid Puey (2010)</bibRefCitation>
[record of larvae]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD9926EFF70A60CC35BBB4D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1694,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD9926EFF70A60CC561BB6F" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[151,636,1848,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens" subGenus="Pentapedilum">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD9926EFF70A60CC510BB6F" box="[151,525,1848,1870]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) nubens</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD9926EFD71A60CC486BB6F" author="Langton" box="[662,923,1848,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. Biodiversity Center of ETI, Amsterdam. [CD-ROM]" type="book" year="2003">Langton &amp; Visser (2003)</bibRefCitation>
[pupal exuviae],
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD9926EFBB5A60DC245BB6F" author="Langton" box="[1106,1368,1848,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Pinder, L. C. V. (2007) Keys to the adult male Chironomidae of Britain and Ireland. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Scientific Publication 64, Freshwater Biological Association, Far Sawrey and Ambleside, 239 &amp; 168 pp." type="book" year="2007">Langton &amp; Pinder (2007)</bibRefCitation>
[adult male],
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD9926EFEEAA662C51ABB4D" author="Oyewo" box="[269,519,1878,1900]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008)</bibRefCitation>
[adult male, pupa],
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD9926EFD35A662C4A7BB4D" author="Saether" box="[722,954,1878,1900]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refString="Saether, O. A. &amp; Spies, M. (2013) Fauna Europaea: Chironomidae. In: Beuk, P. &amp; Pape, T. (Eds.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Nematocera. Fauna Europaea version 2.6. Available from: http: // www. faunaeur. org / (accessed 20 June 2015)" type="journal article" year="2013">Saether &amp; Spies (2013)</bibRefCitation>
[distribution]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD9926EFF70A641C40BBBAA" blockId="1.[151,1436,1694,1931]" box="[151,790,1909,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
Genus sp. near
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD9926EFED4A641C69BBBAA" ID-CoL="7YYT" box="[307,390,1909,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tribelos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD9926EFED4A641C69BBBAA" box="[307,390,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Tribelos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD9926EFE47A641C543BBAA" box="[416,606,1909,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refString="Chaib, N., Bouhala, Z., Fouzari, L., Marziali, L., Samraoui, B. &amp; Rossaro, B. (2013) Environmental factors affecting the distribution of chironomid larvae of the Seybouse wadi, north-eastern Algeria. Journal of Limnology, 72 (2), 203 - 214 + electronic supplement. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4081 / jlimnol. 2013. e 16" type="journal article">
Chaib
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD9926EFE05A642C508BBAA" box="[482,533,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
[record of larvae]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5ED6AB1FFD99266FF70A68CC44ABD61" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD9926EFF70A68CC27DBBD5" blockId="1.[151,1436,1976,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD9926EFF70A68CC699BBF0" bold="true" box="[151,388,1976,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Material examined.</emphasis>
Besides the specimens itemized below, see also the
<collectionCode id="CBE6A1FFFFD9926EFC15A68CC331BBF1" box="[1010,1068,1976,2000]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">ZSM</collectionCode>
material recorded in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD9926EFACDA68CC679BBD5" author="Oyewo" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008: 82)</bibRefCitation>
. Additional material from
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD9926EFD69A6E8C5EABBD5" box="[654,759,2012,2036]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD9926EFCE5A6E8C449BBD5" box="[770,852,2012,2036]" name="Greece" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD9926EFCB8A6E8C48EBBD4" box="[863,915,2012,2037]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD9926EFC78A6E9C319BBD5" box="[927,1028,2013,2036]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Morocco</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD9926EFBDCA6E8C396BBD4" box="[1083,1163,2012,2037]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Turkey</collectingCountry>
is present at
<collectionCode id="CBE6A1FFFFD9926EFAF9A6E8C246BBD5" box="[1310,1371,2012,2036]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">ZSM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F98869B2FFDA926DFF70A291C574BFFB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237519/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" targetBox="[168,1416,204,894]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDA926DFF70A291C574BFFB" blockId="2.[151,1435,933,986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDA926DFF70A291C608BF9B" bold="true" box="[151,277,933,955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFDA926DFEFAA291C55CBF9A" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[285,577,933,955]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nubensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDA926DFEFAA291C6D0BF9A" box="[285,461,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Nubensia nubens</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
, fourth instar larva. Live coloration of entire larva, and head capsule in dorsal and lateral views. Photos by A. Dettinger-Klemm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDA926DFF20A536C3E3B81F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
(1)
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFF13A536C6E8B83B" box="[244,501,1026,1050]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">UNITED KINGDOM</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFDE2A535C578B83B" box="[517,613,1025,1050]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">England</collectingCountry>
, Westmorland, Lake Windermere,
<date id="D9491FFAFFDA926DFBE4A535C347B83B" box="[1027,1114,1025,1050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="1929-06">vi.1929</date>
, F.W. Edwards—2
<typeStatus id="724C8798FFDA926DFAA2A536C281B83B" box="[1349,1436,1026,1050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
adults (now on slides; NHM):
<specimenCount id="BBF1F2B3FFDA926DFE0BA512C527B81F" box="[492,570,1061,1086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, labelled &quot;
<collectionCode id="CBE6A1FFFFDA926DFD49A512C41AB81F" box="[686,775,1062,1086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 236289&quot;;
<specimenCount id="BBF1F2B3FFDA926DFC79A512C31FB81F" box="[926,1026,1061,1086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, &quot;
<collectionCode id="CBE6A1FFFFDA926DFBF1A512C372B81F" box="[1046,1135,1062,1086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">BMNH</collectionCode>
(E) 236284&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDA926DFF20A57EC21FB97F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
(2)
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFF11A57EC699B843" box="[246,388,1098,1122]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">GERMANY</collectingCountry>
. Rheinland-Pfalz, Wörth am Rhein (NW of Karlsruhe), Landeshafen Wörth, W shore, coordinates
<geoCoordinate id="C8C35FFDFFDA926DFEC4A559C6A1B8A4" box="[291,444,1133,1158]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" precision="1" value="49.069023">49.069025 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8C35FFDFFDA926DFE2BA55AC54EB8A4" box="[460,595,1134,1158]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" precision="1" value="8.307178">8.307178 E</geoCoordinate>
, and
<geoCoordinate id="C8C35FFDFFDA926DFD71A559C432B8A4" box="[662,815,1133,1158]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" precision="1" value="49.062447">49.062445 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C8C35FFDFFDA926DFCD8A55AC4DAB8A4" box="[831,967,1134,1158]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" precision="1" value="8.303401">8.303401 E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="D9491FFAFFDA926DFC30A559C35FB8A7" box="[983,1090,1133,1158]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="2013-04-02">2.iv.2013</date>
, leg. A. Dettinger-Klemm—4 fourth instar + 12 third instar larvae (3+4 at
<collectionCode id="CBE6A1FFFFDA926DFD56A5A6C5F0B88B" box="[689,749,1170,1194]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">ZSM</collectionCode>
, remainder in coll. Dettinger-Klemm); as previous, except
<date id="D9491FFAFFDA926DFF70A581C60FB8EF" box="[151,274,1205,1230]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="2013-07-02">vii.2013, 2</date>
pharate males in exuviae with attached larval skins, 2 pharate males in exuviae, 1 pharate female in exuviae with attached larval skin (at
<collectionCode id="CBE6A1FFFFDA926DFD85A5EEC5BDB8D3" box="[610,672,1242,1266]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">ZSM</collectionCode>
). Baden-Württemberg, Bodensee (Lake Constance), Untersee at Gaienhofen-Horn, rubble zone exposed to surf, substrate with coarse gravel, much mud and plant material, adjacent to a reed bed;
<date id="D9491FFAFFDA926DFE45A415C539B91B" box="[418,548,1313,1338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="1993-07-12">12.vii.1993</date>
, leg. M. Steinhart—dissected parts of 1 fourth instar larva (at
<collectionCode id="CBE6A1FFFFDA926DFB0CA416C234B91B" box="[1259,1321,1314,1338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">ZSM</collectionCode>
). Bavaria, Bodensee, Nonnenhorn, Paradies fish breeding station,
<date id="D9491FFAFFDA926DFCE3A471C49BB97F" box="[772,902,1349,1374]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="1963-07-24">24.vii.1963</date>
, leg. F. Reiss—
<specimenCount id="BBF1F2B3FFDA926DFBD0A471C391B97F" box="[1079,1164,1349,1374]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(at
<collectionCode id="CBE6A1FFFFDA926DFB5FA472C3EBB97F" box="[1208,1270,1350,1374]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">ZSM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDA926DFF20A45EC5ACB987" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
(3)
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFF09A45EC671B9A3" box="[238,364,1386,1410]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">ALGERIA</collectingCountry>
, Bechar, Oued Zousfana (a wadi), drift sample (No. 57);
<date id="D9491FFAFFDA926DFC01A45DC343B9A3" box="[998,1118,1385,1410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="1955-04-12">12.iv.1955</date>
, leg. E.J. Fittkau—dissected parts of 2 skins of fourth instar larvae (at
<collectionCode id="CBE6A1FFFFDA926DFD80A4BAC5B8B987" box="[615,677,1422,1446]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">ZSM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDA926DFF20A485C6F2B9CF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDA926DFF20A485C6A9B9EB" bold="true" box="[199,436,1457,1482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Larval morphology</emphasis>
(Figs 2–4). Data for fourth instar (imaginal discs clearly visible in some specimens), except where stated otherwise.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDA926DFF20A4CDC64CBA7B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
Size: fourth instar body length up to about
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFDA926DFD53A4CDC5E4BA30" box="[692,761,1529,1554]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
, head capsule length/width up to 450/335 µm, postmentum length 210, 215 µm (
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFE76A729C6F4BA17" box="[401,489,1565,1590]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Algeria</collectingCountry>
, n=2) / 225–233 µm (
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFD16A72AC441BA17" box="[753,860,1566,1590]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Germany</collectingCountry>
, n=4), third instar postmentum length
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDA926DFAC4A72BC22BBA17" box="[1315,1334,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">c.</emphasis>
145 µm (
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFF79A776C614BA7B" box="[158,265,1602,1626]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Germany</collectingCountry>
, n=1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDA926DFF20A751C33EBACB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
Coloration (
<figureCitation id="35CC25BFFFDA926DFEAAA751C692BA5F" box="[333,399,1637,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,204,894]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,909]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nubensia nubens (Edwards), fourth instar larva. Live coloration of entire larva, and head capsule in dorsal and lateral views. Photos by A. Dettinger-Klemm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237519/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): whole larva in life red-brown to the unaided eye, at stereoscope magnification marmorated vividly red and bright green. Head capsule mostly
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFDA926DFD3BA7BDC425BA83" box="[732,824,1673,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medium">medium</taxonomicName>
to dark brown with lighter colored antennae, labrum, bases of mandibles, areas around eyespots, two strips flanking the frontal apotome, and a transverse strip in the anterior gular region; two eyespots per side, narrowly separated to slightly fused.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDA926DFF20A7C1C4EBBB77" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Dorsal surface of head (Fig. 2a, b): frons tapering posteriorly, with slight constriction near anterior end, anterolateral corners acute, anterior margin straight, anteromedial 'fenestra' absent; clypeal sclerite slightly wider than frons, uniformly sclerotized, its posterolateral corners carrying setae S3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDA926CFF20A656C546BCD9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1025,2022]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
Antenna (Fig. 2d): 5-segmented; AR 1.17 (
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFD26A656C431BB5B" box="[705,812,1890,1914]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Germany</collectingCountry>
, Bodensee, n=1) / 1.27, 1.32 (
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFB74A656C3E3BB5B" box="[1171,1278,1890,1914]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Germany</collectingCountry>
, Landeshafen Wörth, n=2) / 1.32, 1.42 (
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFE5CA6B1C50EBBBF" box="[443,531,1925,1950]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Algeria</collectingCountry>
, n=2), third instar AR 0.92, 1.08 (
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFC72A6B2C31DBBBF" box="[917,1024,1926,1950]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Germany</collectingCountry>
, Landeshafen Wörth, n=2); segment lengths (in µm, sclerotized sections only)
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDA926DFD96A69EC599BBE0" box="[625,644,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">c.</emphasis>
50/15.5/7/7.5/5 (Bodensee) /
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDA926DFC31A69EC4F4BBE0" box="[982,1001,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">c.</emphasis>
46.5/13.5/6.5/7/4.5 (Landeshafen) /
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDA926DFA6FA69EC281BBE0" box="[1416,1436,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">c.</emphasis>
<date id="D9491FFAFFDA926DFF70A6F9C7F6BBC7" box="[151,235,1997,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" value="1946-05-13">46/13/5</date>
/5.5/3 (
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDA926DFED8A6F9C684BBC7" box="[319,409,1997,2022]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Algeria</collectingCountry>
); ring organ near proximal end of segment 1, frequently indistinct; antennal seta absent, small unpigmented spot frequently visible near distal end of segment 1; blade inserted on top of segment 1 next to segment 2, reaching well beyond tip of segment 5; top of segment 2 with small accessory blade, and two small Lauterborn organs in opposite positions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDB926CFF20A030C3EDBDD4" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Labrum and epipharynx (Fig. 2b, c, f): seta S2 not arising from any distinct larger sclerite, S1 inserted on labral sclerite; seta S IVA a short peg, setae S III arising from adjacent sockets just posteromedially of the S II, hair-like, not very fine and short; S II wide and long, apically with a few short splits, setae S I arising from adjacent sockets, shorter but wider than S II, feathered on both edges in distal half; labral lamella absent; seta praemandibularis simple, rather strong and long; pecten epipharyngis of three closely adjacent plates forming 4–5 + 2 + 4–5 rather strong teeth, accessory teeth and dorsal spinules absent; premandible (Fig. 2f) with a very short proximal tooth and two long distal teeth, all with blunt tips, distal half of premandible with conspicuous medial 'beard'.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDB926CFF70A6B7C6C1BBF8" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<table id="DFF7CB9AFFDB6D90FF70A6B7C281BBF8" box="[151,1436,1923,2009]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<tr id="13C73B78FFDB6D90FF70A6B7C281BBB8" box="[151,1436,1923,1945]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="50165204FFDB6D90FF70A6B7C5D7BBB8" box="[151,714,1923,1945]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDB926CFF70A6B7C609BBB9" bold="true" box="[151,276,1923,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFDB926CFEFBA6B7C55DBBB8" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[284,576,1923,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nubensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDB926CFEFBA6B7C6D1BBB8" box="[284,460,1923,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Nubensia nubens</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
, fourth instar
</th>
<th id="50165204FFDB6D90FD35A6B7C42DBBB8" box="[722,816,1923,1945]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">larva. (a)</th>
<th id="50165204FFDB6D90FCDFA6B7C4DABBB8" box="[824,967,1923,1945]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Head capsule,</th>
<th id="50165204FFDB6D90FC28A6B7C281BBB8" box="[975,1436,1923,1945]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">dorsomedial sclerites. (b) Labral sclerite and</th>
</tr>
<tr id="13C73B78FFDB6D90FF70A696C281BB9A" box="[151,1436,1954,1979]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<th id="50165204FFDB6D90FF70A696C5D7BB9A" box="[151,714,1954,1979]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">bases of S2 setae. (c) Labro-epipharyngeal region. (d)</th>
<td id="50165204FFDB6D90FD35A696C42DBB9A" box="[722,816,1954,1979]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Antenna.</td>
<td id="50165204FFDB6D90FCDFA696C4DABB9A" box="[824,967,1954,1979]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">(e) Mandible.</td>
<td id="50165204FFDB6D90FC28A696C281BB9A" box="[975,1436,1954,1979]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">(f) Premandible (distal teeth apically worn).</td>
</tr>
<tr id="13C73B78FFDB6D90FF70A6F7C281BBF8" box="[151,1436,1987,2009]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="50165204FFDB6D90FF70A6F7C5D7BBF8" box="[151,714,1987,2009]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Photos by A. Dettinger-Klemm.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="F98869B2FFDC926BFF70A49EC221B9FF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237520/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" targetBox="[155,1430,193,1428]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDC926BFF70A49EC221B9FF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1450,1502]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDC926BFF70A49EC608B99E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1450,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFDC926BFEF9A49EC55EB9E1" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[286,579,1450,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nubensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDC926BFEF9A49EC6D3B9E1" box="[286,462,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Nubensia nubens</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
, fourth instar larva. (a) Maxilla (at top left), mentum and ventromental plates. (b) Mentum in strongly worn condition. (c) Mentum variation with minute central tooth. Photos by A. Dettinger-Klemm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDC926BFF20A731C50ABAD7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1541,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
Mandible (Fig. 2e): subapical dorsal tooth present, strong and dark; apical tooth strong, about as long as combined width of the three inner teeth, all of them dark; pecten mandibularis absent; seta subdentalis simple, longer than apical tooth, reaching beyond proximal inner tooth, SSd origin on ventral side of mandible, about as far from distal end of mola as 4/5 of combined width of the three inner teeth; seta interna originating on dorsal side of mandible, consisting of four basally separate, distally weakly feathered branches; medial edge of mola with 1–2 fine spinose projections, outer edge of mandible weakly crenulate; proximal part of mandible without grooves like those in the
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFDC926BFEF8A7E9C6B4BAD7" box="[287,425,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDC926BFEF8A7E9C6B4BAD7" box="[287,425,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDC926BFF20A636C5ECBBD3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1541,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
Mentum (
<figureCitation id="35CC25BFFFDC926BFED1A635C66ABB3B" box="[310,375,1793,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,195,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nubensia nubens (Edwards), pharate adult female (abdominal segments VIII – X) in pupal exuviae (segments VIII – IX); overview from ventral. Microscope magnification 200 x; digital composite (HeliconFocus 5.3) of 12 focal plane shots, image by T. Lehmann / M. Spies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237521/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fig 4</figureCitation>
): entirely dark, often with longitudinal, irregular, coarse striae posterior to the teeth, anterior edge of mentum shallowly convex, with 14 teeth (exceptionally with a minute, recessed medial 15th tooth), the medial pair of teeth strikingly enlarged, the far lateral pair very small; ventromental plate fan shaped, (longitudinal) height/(transverse) width&gt; 0.5, about as wide as 3/4 of mentum, with 30–35 striae that divide radial lamellae with rounded ends dorsal to the anterior plate margin, the latter smooth, medial tips of the two plates widely separated, pointing to anteromedial but short, without long contours leading to bases of mentum teeth. Seta submenti simple, not reaching to anterior margin of ventromental plate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F98869B2FFDD926AFF70A67BC6C0BB83" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237521/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" targetBox="[171,1414,195,1846]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDD926AFF70A67BC6C0BB83" blockId="5.[151,1436,1871,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDD926AFF70A67BC60FBB45" bold="true" box="[151,274,1871,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFDD926AFEFFA67BC52ABB44" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[280,567,1871,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nubensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDD926AFEFFA67BC6D8BB44" box="[280,453,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Nubensia nubens</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
, pharate adult female (abdominal segments VIII–X) in pupal exuviae (segments VIII– IX); overview from ventral. Microscope magnification 200x; digital composite (HeliconFocus 5.3) of 12 focal plane shots, image by T. Lehmann/M. Spies.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A1A3C356BD61" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
Body (
<figureCitation id="35CC25BFFFDE9269FEF5A1A3C649BC91" box="[274,340,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,933,955]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,204,894]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,909]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Nubensia nubens (Edwards), fourth instar larva. Live coloration of entire larva, and head capsule in dorsal and lateral views. Photos by A. Dettinger-Klemm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237519/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): abdominal segments VII and VIII without lateral and ventral tubuli; procercus with 6–7 terminal setae that are longer than the anal segment, and with a much shorter lateral seta; supraanal seta simple, about 3/4 as long as procercus terminal setae, longer than posterior parapod; anal tubules in two pairs, shorter than posterior parapods; posterior parapod with subapical field of minute spinules and 12–20 dark terminal claws varying in size, some of the shorter claws with 3–5 shorter teeth between apical tooth and claw base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A078C218BDA9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDE9269FF20A078C6B8BD44" bold="true" box="[199,421,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Pupal morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="35CC25BFFFDE9269FE52A078C6E6BD45" box="[437,507,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,195,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nubensia nubens (Edwards), pharate adult female (abdominal segments VIII – X) in pupal exuviae (segments VIII – IX); overview from ventral. Microscope magnification 200 x; digital composite (HeliconFocus 5.3) of 12 focal plane shots, image by T. Lehmann / M. Spies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237521/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). In relation to the characterizations in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FC51A079C3CEBD45" author="Langton" box="[950,1235,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. Biodiversity Center of ETI, Amsterdam. [CD-ROM]" type="book" year="2003">Langton &amp; Visser (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, who had seen 11 exuviae from
<collectionCode id="CBE6A1FFFFDE9269FED5A044C673BDA9" box="[306,366,368,392]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">ZSM</collectionCode>
, and in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FE21A044C47BBDA9" author="Oyewo" box="[454,870,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008; 10 exuviae)</bibRefCitation>
, the following data are worth noting.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A0A0C442BDF1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
Body size: exuviae length about 4.0–
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFDE9269FD8BA0A0C5DFBD8D" box="[620,706,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
(
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFDE9269FD36A0A0C421BD8D" box="[721,828,404,428]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Germany</collectingCountry>
, Landeshafen Wörth; n=10), 3.8–5.0 mm (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FAC7A0A0C67ABDF1" author="Langton" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. Biodiversity Center of ETI, Amsterdam. [CD-ROM]" type="book" year="2003" yearSuffix="n">Langton &amp; Visser 2003; n=15</bibRefCitation>
),
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFDE9269FE9BA08CC51FBDEE" box="[380,514,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="4.1" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="3.3">3.3–4.9 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FDF6A08CC44EBDF1" author="Oyewo" box="[529,851,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="n">Oyewo &amp; Saether 2008; n=6</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A0E8C382BE41" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
Cephalothorax: cephalic tubercle indistinct or absent, the latter especially on female pupae;
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FB33A0E9C7FCBE39" author="Langton" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. Biodiversity Center of ETI, Amsterdam. [CD-ROM]" type="book" year="2003">Langton &amp; Visser (2003)</bibRefCitation>
interpreted such tubercles as present in the form of &quot;shallow humps&quot;. Thoracic horn with about 8 branches in non-dichotomous pattern, several proximal branches distinctly wider than distal ones, distal ends of branches occasionally with short, spinose or digitiform projections; basal ring round, relatively small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A358C3BDB831" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
Abdomen: tergites II–VI anteriorly with transverse irregular rows of small to
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFDE9269FBABA358C3B5BEA4" box="[1100,1192,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medium">medium</taxonomicName>
size points, many of which arise from separate small patches of dark integument (whereas fig. 27 F in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FBC1A3A4C23BBE89" author="Oyewo" box="[1062,1318,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether 2008</bibRefCitation>
shows the patches lighter and the points darker). Conjunctive IV/V with band of anteriorly directed (not &quot;posteriorly&quot; as in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FF70A3ECC687BED1" author="Oyewo" box="[151,410,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether 2008</bibRefCitation>
), often hook shaped spines similar in size to those in the segment II hook row and the longer ones in the anterior transverse tergite rows; this conjunctive band 2–3 point rows high, usually medially reduced or briefly interrupted. Pleura V–VI posteriorly with fields of fine shagreen mostly arranged in row groups, especially on VI frequently expressed as comb-like longitudinal rows each including up to a dozen closely set, laterally pointing spinules. Segment VIII with armament of posterolateral corner quite variable, usually including 2–4 loosely set, unequal teeth appearing as a transverse comb, the posterolateral tooth often distinctly bent to posterior (
<figureCitation id="35CC25BFFFDE9269FF78A29BC7FBBFE9" box="[159,230,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,195,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nubensia nubens (Edwards), pharate adult female (abdominal segments VIII – X) in pupal exuviae (segments VIII – IX); overview from ventral. Microscope magnification 200 x; digital composite (HeliconFocus 5.3) of 12 focal plane shots, image by T. Lehmann / M. Spies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237521/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FF13A284C51FBFE9" author="Langton" box="[244,514,943,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. Biodiversity Center of ETI, Amsterdam. [CD-ROM]" type="book" year="2003">Langton &amp; Visser 2003</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 121-1 c;
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FD42A284C4B2BFE9" author="Oyewo" box="[677,943,943,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether 2008</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 27 D, I). Segment IX of male exuviae about 350–400 µm long (n=6), of female exuviae 250–300 µm (n=7). Anal lobe fringe taeniae relatively few in number (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FF1CA2CCC58EB831" author="Langton" box="[251,659,1015,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae. A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. Biodiversity Center of ETI, Amsterdam. [CD-ROM]" type="book" year="2003" yearSuffix="n">Langton &amp; Visser 2003: 8–13; n=30</bibRefCitation>
) and hardly longer than the lobe itself (
<figureCitation id="35CC25BFFFDE9269FBA9A2C3C38EB831" box="[1102,1171,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,195,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[171,1415,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Nubensia nubens (Edwards), pharate adult female (abdominal segments VIII – X) in pupal exuviae (segments VIII – IX); overview from ventral. Microscope magnification 200 x; digital composite (HeliconFocus 5.3) of 12 focal plane shots, image by T. Lehmann / M. Spies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237521/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A528C609B85C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDE9269FF20A528C6F3B814" bold="true" box="[199,494,1052,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Adult male morphology.</emphasis>
Mostly as diagnosed by
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FCF4A528C319B814" author="Edwards" box="[787,1028,1052,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards (1929: 376)</bibRefCitation>
and described in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FB33A528C620B879" author="Oyewo" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008: 82–85)</bibRefCitation>
, but with the following corrections and additions (data from
<typeStatus id="724C8798FFDE9269FBF4A574C377B879" box="[1043,1130,1088,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
= st, except where stated otherwise).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A5B3C650B8E4" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
Size: body length
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDE9269FE71A5BDC6B4B881" box="[406,425,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFDE9269FE56A5BCC514B881" box="[433,521,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FDFFA5BCC4A7B881" author="Oyewo" box="[536,954,1159,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether 2008: &quot;3.63–3.74&quot;</bibRefCitation>
), wing length
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFDE9269FBBAA5B3C3DBB881" box="[1117,1222,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="2.46">2.46 mm</quantity>
; length ratio wing/ fore femur 2.67.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A5E4C67EB959" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
Antenna: flagellomeres 1–3 clearly separated, fm2–12 with length/width ratio grading from
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDE9269FB3BA5E5C3F2B8C9" box="[1244,1263,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">c.</emphasis>
0.7 (fm2) to
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDE9269FA6FA5E5C281B8C9" box="[1416,1436,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">c.</emphasis>
1.4 (fm12); AR 1.76 (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FE77A5C0C525B92D" author="Edwards" box="[400,568,1268,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards 1929</bibRefCitation>
: &quot;about 1.5&quot;,
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FD34A5C0C4C1B92D" author="Oyewo" box="[723,988,1268,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether 2008</bibRefCitation>
: &quot;1.21–1.56&quot;). Frontal tubercles absent. Eye dorsomedial extension with up to 6 facets per diagonal, its medial end subrectangular. Temporal setae 21, medially and laterally in more than 1 row; clypeals 24. Palpomere 2–5 lengths 55, 170, 150, 255 µm; pm3 with 4 subapical sensilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A4B0C687BA29" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
Thorax: as described for the female below, except acrostichal setae 18; dorsocentrals 24/
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFDE9269FB4CA4B0C3FEB9BC" box="[1195,1251,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.858" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" unit="in" value="27.0">27 in</quantity>
1 (anteriorly) to 3 (posteriorly) rows, humeral area bare except for 1/1 rudimentary seta; prealars 7/7; supraalars absent; scutellars 25 (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FF23A4F8C25FB9C4" author="Oyewo" box="[196,1346,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">
Oyewo &amp; Saether 2008 recorded &quot;7–8&quot; but their fig. 26 B shows
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFDE9269FC50A4F9C4F8B9C4" box="[951,997,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
just one half of the scutellum
</bibRefCitation>
) in 1–2 (exceptionally 3) rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A720C253BA55" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
Wing: as described for the female below, except as follows here. For setation, see also
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FB36A720C7F8BA71" author="Oyewo" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008)</bibRefCitation>
: p. 83–84 but not fig. 26 E. Wing with low to moderate anal lobe, width 80 µm just distal of arculus, 155 µm just distal of FCu, 115 µm at fused ends of C and R4+5; VR 1.11. Squama with 16 setae in partly double row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9269FF20A7B7C446BBBC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
Legs: fore tibial scale distally rounded, without &quot;triangular&quot; apex as in fig. 26 C in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FB9BA7B7C28ABABA" author="Oyewo" box="[1148,1431,1666,1691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008)</bibRefCitation>
; mid tibia with single spur in posterior part of the fused combs; one hind tibia with 1 spur in anterior part of the fused combs, the other hind tibia with two spurs,
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDE9269FD58A7F8C5FFBAC2" box="[703,738,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">i.e.</emphasis>
1 each in either part of the combs; all spur apices more or less curving away from leg axis (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FE3CA7DAC423BB26" author="Edwards" box="[475,830,1774,1799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards 1929: &quot;quite straight&quot;</bibRefCitation>
). Mid tibiae with 3/3 subapical sensilla chaetica; hind tibiae with 0/0. LR1 1.19 (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FE5FA626C543BB0A" author="Edwards" box="[440,606,1810,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards 1929</bibRefCitation>
: &quot;about 1.4 for both sexes&quot;;
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FC7DA627C382BB0A" author="Oyewo" box="[922,1183,1810,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 1.29–1.45); LR2 0.55; LR3 0.70. Fore leg BV 1.77, SV 1.79; mid leg BV 3.75, SV 3.98 (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FC9FA60EC21DBB73" author="Oyewo" box="[888,1280,1849,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether 2008: 4.21–4.67</bibRefCitation>
); hind leg BV 2.47, SV 2.90. Pulvillus apparently simple, without a narrow more medial branch in addition to the broadly feathered one (see also
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDE9269FE79A6B0C55FBBBC" author="Edwards" box="[414,578,1924,1949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 376, second paragraph).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDE9268FF20A69CC603BE41" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,680]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
Hypopygium: tergite IX with 14 dorsomedial setae; laterosternite IX with 3/4 setae. Anal point with distinctly widened apical section curving to ventral. Sternapodeme with transverse section much more massive than the posterolateral arms. Superior volsellae of st and all non-type males examined as in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDF9268FBADA1ACC277BC91" author="Langton" box="[1098,1386,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Pinder, L. C. V. (2007) Keys to the adult male Chironomidae of Britain and Ireland. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Scientific Publication 64, Freshwater Biological Association, Far Sawrey and Ambleside, 239 &amp; 168 pp." type="book" year="2007">Langton &amp; Pinder (2007)</bibRefCitation>
figs 95 A and 226 C, and as in fig. 26 F/H in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDF9268FD97A188C496BCF5" author="Oyewo" box="[624,907,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, in that the volsellar 'base' is evident only as a proximal-medial projection that has very little height relative to the longitudinal extent of the volsella, and that carries all the volsella's setae (3/
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFDF9268FE18A030C534BD3C" box="[511,553,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
the st); we have not seen &quot;variation&quot; as in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDF9268FBE6A030C209BD3D" author="Oyewo" box="[1025,1300,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008)</bibRefCitation>
fig.
<date id="D9491FFAFFDF9268FAA0A030C26EBD3D" box="[1351,1395,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" value="1926-01">26 I</date>
–K, with a much larger 'base' and with setae arising near or even beyond mid length of the volsella. Inferior volsella without distinct distal swelling or separate apical section; sockets of several distal setae set on short tubercles, including that of the apical posteriorly directed seta, which arises ventrally below the distal-most dorsal recurved setae and is significantly longer than in fig. 26 F, G in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDF9268FD11A0A0C311BD8D" author="Oyewo" box="[758,1036,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. Gonostylus gradually narrowing at both ends, medially without the row of long and fine setae considered as typical of species in
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFDF9268FB2AA083C274BDF1" box="[1229,1385,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentapedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDF9268FB2AA083C274BDF1" box="[1229,1385,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Pentapedilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but distal half with medial to ventral field of well separated setae that are shorter than the width of the gonocoxite, vary in size and include about 15 quite strong rather than fine setae. Fig. 26 F in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDF9268FBF3A334C22CBE39" author="Oyewo" box="[1044,1329,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008)</bibRefCitation>
does not reflect this adequately; fig. 226 C in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDF9268FDD5A311C452BE1D" author="Langton" box="[562,847,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Pinder, L. C. V. (2007) Keys to the adult male Chironomidae of Britain and Ireland. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Scientific Publication 64, Freshwater Biological Association, Far Sawrey and Ambleside, 239 &amp; 168 pp." type="book" year="2007">Langton &amp; Pinder (2007)</bibRefCitation>
is better (but its tubercular apex of the gonostylus is artefactual).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDF9268FF20A358C6E8BE89" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDF9268FF20A358C6E6BEA4" bold="true" box="[199,507,620,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Adult female morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="35CC25BFFFDF9268FDEDA358C549BEA4" box="[522,596,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[332,1255,735,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[332,1256,735,1547]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nubensia nubens (Edwards), pharate adult female, genitalia, lobes of gonapophysis VIII. Microscope magnification 630 x; digital composite (HeliconFocus 5.3) of 2 focal plane shots, image by T. Lehmann / M. Spies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237522/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Figs 5</figureCitation>
, 6). Based on 1
<typeStatus id="724C8798FFDF9268FCEBA359C47EBEA4" box="[780,867,621,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
(st), except where stated otherwise (E. =
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFDF9268FADDA358C7CEBE89" author="Edwards" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards 1929</bibRefCitation>
; ph = pharate in exuviae).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F98869B2FFDF9268FF70A77CC209BA5D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237522/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" targetBox="[332,1255,735,1547]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDF9268FF70A77CC209BA5D" blockId="7.[151,1435,1608,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDF9268FF70A77CC601BA7C" bold="true" box="[151,284,1608,1630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFDF9268FECAA77CC57CBA7F" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[301,609,1608,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nubensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDF9268FECAA77CC690BA7F" box="[301,397,1608,1630]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Nubensia</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDF9268FE7AA77CC6F8BA7F" box="[413,485,1608,1630]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">nubens</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
, pharate adult female, genitalia, lobes of gonapophysis VIII. Microscope magnification 630x; digital composite (HeliconFocus 5.3) of 2 focal plane shots, image by T. Lehmann/M. Spies.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDF9268FF20A79DC63EBB0F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1705,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
Size and coloration: body length
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDF9268FDD8A79EC54FBAE0" box="[575,594,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFDF9268FDBDA79DC5AEBAE0" box="[602,691,1705,1730]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFDF9268FCA9A79EC4ABBAE0" box="[846,950,1706,1730]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="2.48">2.48 mm</quantity>
; length ratio wing/fore femur 2.70. Thorax brownish, lighter than in male (E.), especially the ground color and scutellum; abdomen brownish with pale conjunctives (st; Edwards wrote of pale &quot;posterior margins of tergites&quot;); halters yellow; legs brownish, lighter than in male (E.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFDF9268FF20A60EC67EBBC3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1705,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
Antenna: with 5 flagellomeres, fm1–4 with distinct distal 'necks' relatively longest on fm2–3, shortest on fm1; AR 0.32; fm5 &lt;(fm3+fm4). Frontal tubercles absent (n=2). Eye with dorsomedial extension about as high as wide, with up to 6 facets per diagonal, its medial end subrectangular. Temporal setae 12–14, medially in short double row (n=2); clypeals 30 (ph). Palpomeres
<date id="D9491FFAFFDF9268FDA6A692C58EBB9F" box="[577,659,1957,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" value="1950-04-02">2–4 50</date>
, 145, 135 µm long; pm5
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFDF9268FC26A693C4C9BB9F" box="[961,980,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">c.</emphasis>
1/5 longer than pm4 (ph); pm3 with 4 subapical sensilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD09267FF20A1A3C4EABD1F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
Thorax: antepronotal lobes not overreached by pronotum, strongly narrowing from broad lateral ends, dorsal ends distinctly separate; lobes bare of setae. Scutal tubercle absent; acrostichal setae
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FBBBA188C38ABCF5" box="[1116,1175,187,212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
two rows beginning at anterior end of pronotum; dorsocentrals 43/
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FD6FA1EAC5DFBCD6" box="[648,706,222,247]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="45.0">45 in</quantity>
irregular rows (1–3, anteriorly exceptionally 5, setae wide) that reach the anterior humeral area, setal sockets set in distinct clear circles; prealars 8/8 of variable size in 1–2 irregular rows; supraalars absent; scutellars
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FD64A012C5A1BD1F" box="[643,700,293,318]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="23.0">23 in</quantity>
1–2 (exceptionally 3) rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD09267FF20A07DC4EFBE1F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
Wing: with faint clouding (most evident in microscope dark field view; s. a.
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD09267FBF0A07DC3A1BD40" author="Edwards" box="[1047,1212,329,354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards 1929</bibRefCitation>
: p. 376 and pl. XIX, fig. 15) along
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD09267FEDAA058C663BDA4" box="[317,382,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
veins in distal wing half, in cells around wing tip, RM and FCu, and centrally in an; wing without anal lobe, relatively narrow proximally, widening from 75 µm just distal of arculus to 185 µm just distal of FCu, subapical width at fused ends of C and R4+5 125 µm; veins C, Sc, R, R1, R4+5, RM, M, M1+2, M3+4, Cu and Cu1 clearly demarcated and entirely setose, R2+3 (bare, running close to R1) and An (setose) no more distinct than the two setose wing 'folds' alongside Cu; cells r4+5, m(except near proximal end)-m1+2, m3+4, an-cu1 densely setose. VR 1.18. Squama with 11–14 setae (n=2), the proximal ones in more than 1 row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD09267FF20A37FC441BF1C" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
Legs: fore tibial scale without spinose projection; mid tibia either with single spur in posterior part of the fused combs (ph) or with two spurs,
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FE16A35AC509BEA4" box="[497,532,622,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">i.e.</emphasis>
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FDFCA35AC55BBEA7" box="[539,582,621,646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
either part of the combs (st); hind tibia either with 1 spur in anterior part of the fused combs (ph) or with 2–3 spurs,
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FD92A3A6C585BE88" box="[629,664,658,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">i.e.</emphasis>
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FD45A3A5C5CDBE88" box="[674,720,656,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
either part of the combs plus unilaterally a third spur arising subterminally outside the combs (st); all spur apices more or less curving away from leg axis. Mid tibiae distally with 13/16 sensilla chaetica in partly double row; hind tibiae with 0/0. LR1
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FC12A3EDC315BED1" box="[1013,1032,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">c.</emphasis>
1.4 (E. for both sexes),
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FAF8A3EDC22FBED1" box="[1311,1330,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">c.</emphasis>
1.2 (ph), fore tarsi of st missing; LR2 0.52; LR3 0.67. Mid leg BV 3.64, SV 4.08; hind leg BV 2.61, SV 2.99. Pulvillus simple, broadly feathered, reaching beyond mid length of claw.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD09267FF20A273C68AB8E2" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
Genitalia (n=2); see
<figureCitation id="35CC25BFFFD09267FE5AA273C516BF41" box="[445,523,839,864]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[332,1255,735,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[332,1256,735,1547]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nubensia nubens (Edwards), pharate adult female, genitalia, lobes of gonapophysis VIII. Microscope magnification 630 x; digital composite (HeliconFocus 5.3) of 2 focal plane shots, image by T. Lehmann / M. Spies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237522/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Figs 5</figureCitation>
, 6: sternite VIII posteriorly with pair of separate fields of
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FB34A27DC3FBBF41" box="[1235,1254,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">c.</emphasis>
35 setae each; gonocoxapodeme straight in ventral view, narrowing towards medial end at origin of dorsomesal lobe; coxosternapodeme undulating, with two bends to anterior flanking one bend to posterior. Notum 160 (ph), 185 (st) µm long; rami
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FEDBA287C652BFEB" box="[316,335,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">c.</emphasis>
70 µm, distally curving towards each other. Seminal capsule elongate oval (slightly compressed in both slide mounts), with sclerotized neck, combined length 135 µm; spermathecal ducts indistinctly preserved, possibly S-shaped. Gonapophysis VIII (
<figureCitation id="35CC25BFFFD09267FD8AA2CDC5A9B833" box="[621,692,1017,1042]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[332,1255,735,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[332,1256,735,1547]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nubensia nubens (Edwards), pharate adult female, genitalia, lobes of gonapophysis VIII. Microscope magnification 630 x; digital composite (HeliconFocus 5.3) of 2 focal plane shots, image by T. Lehmann / M. Spies." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237522/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) with dorsomesal lobe posteriorly broad, squarish or rounded; ventrolateral lobe narrowing from base to tip, distally brush-like, recurved to anteromedial; apodeme lobe, if present, reduced to hardly more than the apodeme (similar to
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD09267FCA8A574C34AB879" author="Oyewo" box="[847,1111,1088,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether 2008</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 46C). Labia indistinctly preserved, without noticeable trichia. Tergite IX covered with 40–45 setae, gonocoxite IX with 5 setae (n=2). Segment X with 8–11 lateral setae (n=2); postgenital plate a broad, rounded triangle (ph). Cercus 90–110 µm long (n=2), 95 µm high (st).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD09267FF20A5F9C208B970" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FF20A5F9C6E1B8C7" bold="true" box="[199,508,1229,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
In the spring and summer of 2013 the present junior author found larvae of
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD09267FA65A5FBC7FBB92B" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nubensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FA65A5FBC7FBB92B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">N. nubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
living in algae and fine sediments on coarse boulders along the W shore of Landeshafen Wörth, an artificial oxbow on the W bank of the river Rhine, in an area reconstructed as a harbor for container ships. Larval densities were &lt;100 individuals/m
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FE48A40CC6C8B970" box="[431,469,1336,1361]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="2.0">² in</quantity>
the spring (
<date id="D9491FFAFFD09267FDBDA40CC5DBB970" box="[602,710,1336,1361]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" value="2013-04-02">2.iv.2013</date>
), but&gt;1000 individuals/m
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FC0AA40CC30EB970" box="[1005,1043,1336,1361]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="2.0">² in</quantity>
summer (
<date id="D9491FFAFFD09267FB63A40CC214B970" box="[1156,1289,1336,1361]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" value="2013-07-19">19.vii.2013</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD09267FF20A469C4ACBA4D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
In addition to the collecting sites of larvae examined for the present study (see the Material examined section above), further records are known from
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD09267FD88A44BC5E1B9B6" box="[623,764,1407,1431]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">GERMANY</collectingCountry>
, Rheinland-Pfalz, Eifel region: Meerfelder Maar, at
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FA86A44BC281B9B6" box="[1377,1436,1407,1431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
depth in a sediment core, and Weinfelder Maar, rare in two sediment profiles (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD09267FBF8A496C3CDB99A" author="Hofmann" box="[1055,1232,1442,1467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" refString="Hofmann, W. (1993) Late Glacial / Holocene changes of the climatic and trophic conditions in three Eifel maar lakes, as indicated by faunal remains. 2. Chironomidae (Diptera). Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 49, 421 - 433." type="journal article" year="1993">Hofmann 1993</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD09267FB01A497C24AB99A" box="[1254,1367,1443,1467]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
, dépt. Haute-Loire, Lac du Bouchet, subfossil to Recent sediments (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD09267FCA4A4F2C4EFB9FE" author="Hofmann" box="[835,1010,1478,1503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" refString="Hofmann, W. (1991) Stratigraphy of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) and Cladocera (Crustacea) in Holocene and Wurm [sic!] sediments from Lac du Bouchet (Haute Loire, France). Documents du C. E. R. L. A. T. / Memoires, 2, 363 - 386." type="journal article" year="1991">Hofmann 1991</bibRefCitation>
); northeastern
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD09267FB71A4F3C3FAB9FE" box="[1174,1255,1479,1503]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">SPAIN</collectingCountry>
, lower rio Ebro;
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FF70A4DFC7B7BA23" box="[151,170,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">c.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="BBF1F2B3FFD09267FF56A4DDC635BA23" box="[177,296,1513,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" type="larva">150 larvae</specimenCount>
, most of them found in places without measurable current, but one sample of
<specimenCount id="BBF1F2B3FFD09267FB6DA4DEC3EFBA23" box="[1162,1266,1513,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" type="larva">32 larvae</specimenCount>
taken at a flow rate of
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FF00A739C633BA07" box="[231,302,1549,1574]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="65.0">65 cm</quantity>
/sec (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD09267FE80A739C508BA07" author="Cid" box="[359,533,1549,1574]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" refString="Cid Puey, N. (2010) Ecology of the benthic macroinvertebrates in the lower Ebro River: Community characterization, population dynamics and bioaccumulation of pollutants in response to environmental factors. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 259 pp." type="book" year="2010">Cid Puey 2010</bibRefCitation>
); and from northeastern
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD09267FCCEA73AC4BABA07" box="[809,935,1550,1574]" name="Algeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">ALGERIA</collectingCountry>
, Guelma, Oued Seybouse drainage, Oued El Nil near confluence to Oued Cherf; temporary stream, unpolluted site with very coarse gravel substrate, water temperature &lt;10 °C, and current speed&gt;
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FDB9A760C5B9BA4D" box="[606,676,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
/sec (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD09267FD39A760C4B8BA4D" author="Chaib" box="[734,933,1620,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" refString="Chaib, N., Bouhala, Z., Fouzari, L., Marziali, L., Samraoui, B. &amp; Rossaro, B. (2013) Environmental factors affecting the distribution of chironomid larvae of the Seybouse wadi, north-eastern Algeria. Journal of Limnology, 72 (2), 203 - 214 + electronic supplement. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4081 / jlimnol. 2013. e 16" type="journal article" year="2013">
Chaib
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FCCEA761C47FBA4C" box="[809,866,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD09267FF20A743C65BBBD2" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD09267FF20A743C69BBAB1" author="Hofmann" box="[199,390,1655,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" refString="Hofmann, W. (1991) Stratigraphy of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) and Cladocera (Crustacea) in Holocene and Wurm [sic!] sediments from Lac du Bouchet (Haute Loire, France). Documents du C. E. R. L. A. T. / Memoires, 2, 363 - 386." type="journal article" year="1991">Hofmann (1991)</bibRefCitation>
wrote that in Lac du Bouchet, &quot;
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD09267FCE1A743C485BAB1" box="[774,920,1655,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="724C8798FFD09267FC44A74CC4CEBAB1" box="[931,979,1656,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">type</typeStatus>
A&quot; had been found from the sediment surface down to a depth of 1.20 m—the local boundary between Holocene and older sediments—and that it &quot;should therefore still be present in the lake.&quot; Other taxa in the same profile zone clearly indicated a process of considerable eutrophication from the early Holocene to the present, but the numbers of larvae recorded for
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD09267FA65A7D7C7FBBB3F" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nubensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD09267FA65A7D7C7FBBB3F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">N. nubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in various parts of the sediment profile were not considered as reflecting that environmental change.
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD09267FF70A61CC646BB60" author="Hofmann" box="[151,347,1832,1857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" refString="Hofmann, W. (1993) Late Glacial / Holocene changes of the climatic and trophic conditions in three Eifel maar lakes, as indicated by faunal remains. 2. Chironomidae (Diptera). Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 49, 421 - 433." type="journal article" year="1993">Hofmann (1993)</bibRefCitation>
did not specify the Weinfelder Maar sediment horizon or zone in which he had found &quot;
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD09267FF78A678C62CBB44" box="[159,305,1868,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
A&quot;, but the lake has kept an oligotrophic state until today. Meerfelder Maar, on the other hand, was highly eutrophicated by the end of the 19th century already; thus, a larva found at no more than
<quantity id="6A0F94DFFFD09267FB13A644C230BBA9" box="[1268,1325,1904,1928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
sediment depth may be surmised not to have lived in oligotrophic conditions. The two samples from the
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD09267FB1FA6A0C24FBB8D" box="[1272,1362,1940,1964]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">German</collectingCountry>
upper Rhine system certainly come from eutrophic waters. No comparable details are known from the remaining collection sites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD48393AFFD19266FF20A1A3C44ABD61" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="118">
These collecting sites of larvae agree well with the range of
<taxonomicName id="6AF742B9FFD19266FC9CA1A3C321BC91" box="[891,1084,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nubensia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubens">
<emphasis id="9F83E528FFD19266FC9CA1A3C321BC91" box="[891,1084,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="118">Nubensia nubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on samples of other life stages (
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD19266FF0CA188C6F8BCF5" author="Saether" box="[235,485,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" refString="Saether, O. A. &amp; Spies, M. (2013) Fauna Europaea: Chironomidae. In: Beuk, P. &amp; Pape, T. (Eds.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Nematocera. Fauna Europaea version 2.6. Available from: http: // www. faunaeur. org / (accessed 20 June 2015)" type="journal article" year="2013">Saether &amp; Spies 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, the verified distribution now extends from the British Isles and central Europe to the western Mediterranean, including northern Africa, with possible extensions to
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD19266FB23A1EBC209BCD9" box="[1220,1300,223,248]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="118">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and central Asia (based on unassociated adult males). However, the record from
<collectingCountry id="D5E079AAFFD19266FC37A031C337BD3C" box="[976,1066,261,285]" name="Norway" pageId="9" pageNumber="118">Norway</collectingCountry>
in
<bibRefCitation id="C96644CBFFD19266FBBEA030C260BD3D" author="Oyewo" box="[1113,1405,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" refString="Oyewo, E. A. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="2008">Oyewo &amp; Saether (2008)</bibRefCitation>
is doubtful (see the morphology section in the discussion below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink