358 lines
47 KiB
XML
358 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F8C16B5C18CB124C794D3F6263D447E1">Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7C3B0E2BA77BD35C5BD8CB1A92244CE5">Sanabria-Urbán, Salomón</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F31BC0E9C6FF48AECCC87177E829A1EF">Song, Hojun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD5F869C8504D687AE89B06CC4016B0F">Oyama, Ken</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B566440F8CFBD624E96B86D25BAC13F8">González-Rodríguez, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB663B64BDE4A54C6C33DE90ACEF7F3A">Castillo, Raúl Cueva Del</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="81DD1496C9078AF2DDB353C406335A78">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E5AEC035FBC0C43F969B2DFE8D278983">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AB04F30A59BCF0C87F53D8F1A86B17A4">4274</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029394" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131876335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029394" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC2B3B442CBED000FB84ADAB" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC2B3B442CBED000FD88AD8A" blockId="44.[151,1060,620,679]" box="[151,552,620,646]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="7272685FAC2B3B442CBED000FD88AD8A" bold="true" box="[151,552,620,646]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2B3B442CBED000FD88AD8A" ID-CoL="4YV45" authority="Bolivar, 1884" authorityName="Bolivar" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,552,620,646]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borrei">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442CBED000FD88AD8A" bold="true" box="[151,552,620,646]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442CBED000FEDDAD8A" bold="true" box="[151,381,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sphenarium borrei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC2B3B442DADD000FD88AD8A" author="Bolivar" box="[388,552,620,646]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Bolivar, I. (1884) Monografia de los Pyrgomorfinos. Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 13, 1 - 500." type="journal article" year="1884">Bolivar, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC2B3B442CBED0E2FB84ADAB" blockId="44.[151,1060,620,679]" box="[151,1060,654,679]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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(http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2B3B442E3AD0E2FD34ADAB" box="[531,660,654,679]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
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.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:37036)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC2B3B442CBED0BAFE54ADE0" box="[151,500,726,748]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC2B3B442CBED0BAFE54ADE0" blockId="44.[151,500,726,748]" box="[151,500,726,748]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2B3B442CBED0BAFE54ADE0" ID-CoL="4YV46" authority="Bolivar, 1909" authorityName="Bolivar" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,500,726,748]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruneri">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442CBED0BAFEC3ADE0" box="[151,355,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sphenarium bruneri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC2B3B442D43D0BAFE54ADE0" author="Bolivar" box="[362,500,726,748]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Bolivar, I. (1909) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae Subfam. Pyrgomorphinae. Genera insectorum, 90, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1909">Bolivar, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC2B3B442CBED175FF7BA97D" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC2B3B442CBED175FC78AA0A" blockId="44.[151,1437,793,2009]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442CBED175FE89AC3E" bold="true" box="[151,297,793,818]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
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External morphology (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2B3B442E04D175FD22AC3E" box="[557,642,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1892,1914]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,210,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 14. Type specimens of S. rugosum: lectotype m (A) and paralectotype f (B); S. barrettii: lectotype m (C); S. borrei: lectotype m (D) and paralectotype f (E); S. bruneri lectotype m (F) and paralectotype f (G); S. variabile: holotype m (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804214/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 14</figureCitation>
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D, E, F, G; 15G, H): total body length ranging from
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<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC2B3B4428E1D175FA3DAC3D" box="[1224,1437,793,818]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.929" metricValueMax="3.176" metricValueMin="2.682" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="29.29" valueMax="31.76" valueMin="26.82">26.82 to 31.76 mm</quantity>
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in females and from
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<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC2B3B442D57D152FDF2AC59" box="[382,594,829,854]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.585" metricValueMax="3.062" metricValueMin="2.1079999999999997" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="25.85" valueMax="30.62" valueMin="21.08">21.08 to 30.62 mm</quantity>
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in males; antennae filiform, notably shorter in females or slightly longer in males than head and pronotum together; head conical notably longer than wide and with oval eyes in both sexes; fastigium moderately elongated, nearly half the length of interocular space in females or notably elongated, nearly as long as the interocular space in males; tegmina spatula-like in both sexes; subgenital plate of males rounded moderately developed posteriorly; dorsal ovipositor valves lanceolate, notably elongated towards the apex. Male genitalia: bridge of epiphallus as long as the length of lateral plates (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2B3B442F89D19DFC52AB06" box="[928,1010,1009,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,200,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 16. Male genital structures of S. crypticum sp. n. holotype (A – C); S. borrei (D – F); S. variabile: morphotype 1 paratype # 234 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804218/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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D-I). Ectophallus in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2B3B442947D19DFF11AB22" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,200,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 16. Male genital structures of S. crypticum sp. n. holotype (A – C); S. borrei (D – F); S. variabile: morphotype 1 paratype # 234 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804218/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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D-II) broad at the base, with lateral borders of ramus convergent; basal emargination of cingulum notably developed towards the base reducing completely the interspace between the apodemal plates. Ectophallus in posterior view (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2B3B442D7AD631FE07AB7A" box="[339,423,1117,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,200,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 16. Male genital structures of S. crypticum sp. n. holotype (A – C); S. borrei (D – F); S. variabile: morphotype 1 paratype # 234 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804218/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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E) with a conspicuous sclerotized hollow in the sheath notably closed; inflections of supraramus notably developed anterolaterally; valves of cingulum triangular, stout and notably developed posteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2B3B442D0AD6C9FED8ABB2" box="[291,376,1189,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,200,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 16. Male genital structures of S. crypticum sp. n. holotype (A – C); S. borrei (D – F); S. variabile: morphotype 1 paratype # 234 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804218/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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F). Endophallus in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2B3B442EDAD6C9FCE5ABB2" box="[755,837,1189,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,200,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 16. Male genital structures of S. crypticum sp. n. holotype (A – C); S. borrei (D – F); S. variabile: morphotype 1 paratype # 234 (G – I) and morphotype 2 (J – l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804218/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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D-III) with a short pseudoarch tightly joined to the valves of cingulum; aedeagal valves very small, tapered in the apex without apical spine; aedeagal valves and sclerites about ¾ the length of dorsal inflections of endophallic apodemes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC2B3B442CEED77DFF7BA97D" blockId="44.[151,1437,793,2009]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442CEED77DFEFFAA26" bold="true" box="[199,351,1297,1322]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Colouration.</emphasis>
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Ground colours vary from green, yellow or brown. Body uniformly coloured or with the following colour traits (
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<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2B3B442D84D759FDA0AA42" box="[429,512,1333,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[163,1420,205,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1435,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 15. External morphology of S. rugosum: morphotype 2 m (A) and f (B), morphotype 3 m (C) and f (D); S. crypticum sp. n. holotype m (E) and paratype f # 45 (F); S. borrei m (G) and f (H); S. variabile: morphotype 1 paratype m # 134 (I) and f (J), and morphotype 2 m (K) and f (L); S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 m (M) and f (N), and morphotype 2 m (O) and f (P); S. histrio: morphotype 1 m (Q and S) and f (R and T) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804216/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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G, H): antennae frequently black or brown; fastigium often reddish to pinkish; lateral postocular bands frequently present, narrow, yellowish, whitish or pinkish; dorsomedial line absent; dorsal shades sometimes absent, if present almost entirely restricted to the head, metanotum and abdomen apex, brown or black; lateral shades often present, black or dark brown, principally restricted to head and pronotum; lateral bands of blotches absent; ventral bands of pronotum often present, narrow and pinkish; frequently posterior margin of pronotum pinkish; mesonotum is partially or entirely black; tegmina green, black or magenta; lateral blotches of 1st abdominal segment absent; fore and middle femora pinkish; sometimes hind femora with upper and lower medial areas black and whitish, respectively; knees of hind femora laterally black, dorsally reddish; hind tibia frequently black.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC2B3B442CEED410FE5BA8B9" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="293ADF33AC2B3B442CEED410FE5BA8B9" blockId="44.[151,1437,793,2009]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442CEED410FEE1A999" bold="true" box="[199,321,1660,1685]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Externally this species sometimes resembles
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2B3B442F64D411FBA3A998" box="[845,1027,1661,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurascens">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442F64D411FBA3A998" box="[845,1027,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S. purpurascens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2B3B442817D411FB68A999" box="[1086,1224,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infernalis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442817D411FB68A999" box="[1086,1224,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S. infernalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00C2BE5AAC2B3B4428F9D410FAA8A999" box="[1232,1288,1660,1685]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B4428F9D410FAA8A999" bold="true" box="[1232,1288,1660,1685]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">sp.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2B3B4429AED411FF7CA9B5" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B4429AED411FF7CA9B5" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S. borrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from these species principally by its notably elongated head (conical in both sexes) and dorsal ovipositor valves, as well as its pinkish colourations in the ventral and posterior margins of pronotum when present. At the level of male genitalia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2B3B442E50D485FD41A80D" box="[633,737,1768,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442E50D485FD41A80D" box="[633,737,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S. borrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more closely resembles other species with a conspicuous sclerotized hollow in the sheath (all species described below). Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2B3B442FDFD561FBF7A829" box="[1014,1111,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442FDFD561FBF7A829" box="[1014,1111,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">S. borrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from other species in the genus by the following combination of male genitalia characters: lateral borders of ramus convergent, basal emargination of cingulum notably developed, sclerotized hollow of the sheath conspicuous and closed, inflections of supraramus notably developed anterolaterally, valves of cingulum triangular and stout, posteriorly developed, and aedeagal valves very small.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC2B3B452CEED5ACFDAFAFD8" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC2B3B452CEED5ACFDAFAFD8" blockId="44.[151,1437,793,2009]" lastBlockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2B3B442CEED5ACFEC0A8D5" bold="true" box="[199,352,1984,2009]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is distributed in elevations ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC2B3B442FF7D5ACFB2AA8D4" box="[990,1162,1984,2009]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2645" metricValueMax="2.225" metricValueMin="0.304" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1264.5" valueMax="2225.0" valueMin="304.0">304 to 2225 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. and is principally restricted to the western portion of the Mexican Volcanic Belt in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC2A3B452F5BD2FBFC67AFBC" box="[882,967,151,176]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Colima</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC2A3B452FFAD2FBFBF7AFBC" box="[979,1111,151,176]" country="Mexico" name="Guanajuato" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Guanajuato</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC2A3B45284AD2FBFB12AFBC" box="[1123,1202,151,176]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC2A3B452894D2FBFA9DAFBC" box="[1213,1341,151,176]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Michoacan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC2A3B452961D2FBFA3CAFBC" box="[1352,1436,151,176]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC2A3B452CEFD2D1FE97AFD8" box="[198,311,189,212]" country="Mexico" name="Zacatecas" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Zacatecas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC2A3B452D6AD2D0FE38AFD9" box="[323,408,188,213]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC2A3B452D6AD2D0FE38AFD9" box="[323,408,188,213]" name="Mexico" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2A3B452D81D2D0FE4BAFD8" box="[424,491,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1094,1116]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,201,1066]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,193,1073]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Geographic distribution of Sphenarium species. Numbers within parenthesis in front of taxa names indicate the number of identified morphotype within the species. White surrounded areas and upper case abbreviations denote the Mexican biogeographic provinces. AC, Altos de Chiapas; AL, Altiplano Sur; BRB, Balsas River Basin; GMC, Gulf of Mexico Coast; MVB, Mexican Volcanic Belt; PC, Pacific Coast; SMOC, Sierra Madre Occidental; SMOR, Sierra Madre Oriental; SMS, Sierra Madre Sur; SO, Soconusco; and SOX, Sierra de Oaxaca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804198/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC2A3B452CEED2B3FC34ADC1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC2A3B452CEED2B3FC62AEA1" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99EDD56EAC2A3B452CEED2B3FD50AE4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563451424" collectorName="E. Duges" country="Mexico" location="Guanajuato" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Guanajuato" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452CEED2B3FE19AFF4" bold="true" box="[199,441,223,248]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452DE1D28CFD91AFF4" box="[456,561,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452DE1D28CFD91AFF4" box="[456,561,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. borrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC2A3B452E60D2B3FD10AFF4" box="[585,688,223,248]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452E96D28DFD73AFF4" box="[703,723,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">m</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2A3B452EC2D2B3FCE4AFF4" box="[747,836,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1892,1914]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,210,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 14. Type specimens of S. rugosum: lectotype m (A) and paralectotype f (B); S. barrettii: lectotype m (C); S. borrei: lectotype m (D) and paralectotype f (E); S. bruneri lectotype m (F) and paralectotype f (G); S. variabile: holotype m (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804214/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
D) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC2A3B452F80D2B3FBE0AFF4" box="[937,1088,223,248]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452866D28CFBF7AFF4" box="[1103,1111,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">f</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2A3B452846D2B3FB69AFF4" box="[1135,1225,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1892,1914]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,210,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 14. Type specimens of S. rugosum: lectotype m (A) and paralectotype f (B); S. barrettii: lectotype m (C); S. borrei: lectotype m (D) and paralectotype f (E); S. bruneri lectotype m (F) and paralectotype f (G); S. variabile: holotype m (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804214/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
E), from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC2A3B452916D2B3FA39AFF4" box="[1343,1433,223,248]" name="Mexico" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC2A3B452CBED368FEB8AE11" box="[151,280,260,285]" country="Mexico" name="Guanajuato" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Guanajuato</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC2A3B452D07D368FE00AE10" box="[302,416,260,284]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. Duges</collectorName>
|
||
); designation: Kevan (1960, unpublished results); location: Royal Institute of Natural Sciences of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC2A3B452D08D34BFE21AE4C" box="[289,385,295,320]" name="Belgium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
(RISCNB), Brusseles,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC2A3B452EA5D34BFD50AE4C" box="[652,752,295,320]" name="Belgium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99EDD56EAC2A3B452ED5D344FC62AEA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563451422" collectorName="Appendix Table" country="Mexico" county="Coneradt" elevation="214" location="Spanish Institute" municipality="Kevan" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Madrid" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452ED5D344FCCEAE4C" box="[764,878,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452ED5D344FCCEAE4C" box="[764,878,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. bruneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC2A3B452F57D34BFC45AE4C" box="[894,997,295,320]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452FC4D345FBA1AE4C" box="[1005,1025,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">m</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2A3B45283BD34BFBC4AE4C" box="[1042,1124,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1892,1914]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,210,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 14. Type specimens of S. rugosum: lectotype m (A) and paralectotype f (B); S. barrettii: lectotype m (C); S. borrei: lectotype m (D) and paralectotype f (E); S. bruneri lectotype m (F) and paralectotype f (G); S. variabile: holotype m (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804214/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
F) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC2A3B45289FD34BFAEDAE4C" box="[1206,1357,295,320]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B45297FD344FAFEAE4C" box="[1366,1374,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">f</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1BEC3B6AC2A3B452947D34BFF14AE68" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1892,1914]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,210,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 14. Type specimens of S. rugosum: lectotype m (A) and paralectotype f (B); S. barrettii: lectotype m (C); S. borrei: lectotype m (D) and paralectotype f (E); S. bruneri lectotype m (F) and paralectotype f (G); S. variabile: holotype m (H) (Scale bars = 1 cm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/804214/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
G), from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC2A3B452D0CD320FEDAAE69" box="[293,378,332,357]" name="Mexico" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCounty id="C05BA7BFAC2A3B452DA7D320FE5BAE69" box="[398,507,332,357]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Coneradt</collectingCounty>
|
||
); designation:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C95E4549AC2A3B452E81D321FD51AE68" box="[680,753,333,356]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Kevan</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(1960, unpublished results); location:
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC2A3B452890D320FAD9AE69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1:2C5A89E8AC2A3B452890D320FAD9AE69" box="[1209,1401,332,357]" country="Mexico" county="Coneradt" municipality="Kevan" name="Spanish Institute" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Madrid">Spanish Institute</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC2A3B452CBED303FE82AE84" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1:2C5A89E8AC2A3B452CBED303FE82AE84" box="[151,290,367,392]" country="Mexico" county="Coneradt" municipality="Kevan" name="Entomology" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Madrid">Entomology</location>
|
||
(SIE),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC2A3B452D5ED303FE6CAE84" box="[375,460,367,392]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Madrid</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC2A3B452DF0D303FDBCAE84" box="[473,540,367,392]" name="Spain" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC2A3B452E00D31CFDEDAE8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1:2C5A89E8AC2A3B452E00D31CFDEDAE8B" box="[553,589,368,391]" country="Mexico" county="Coneradt" municipality="Kevan" name="We" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Madrid">We</location>
|
||
could only examine the external morphology of all these
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC2A3B4528CED31CFAB7AE84" box="[1255,1303,368,392]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452CBED3F8FED3AEA1" box="[151,371,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<elevation id="A2A83800AC2A3B452DABD3F8FE67AEA0" box="[386,455,404,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="214.0">
|
||
<quantity id="EE7D72D6AC2A3B452DABD3F8FE67AEA0" box="[386,455,404,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="214.0">
|
||
214
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452D9AD3F9FE67AEA0" box="[435,455,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">m</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, 178
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452E2FD3F8FDAEAEA0" box="[518,526,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">f</emphasis>
|
||
from 65 localities (
|
||
<collectorName id="8470BAE5AC2A3B452EC1D3F8FC3EAEA1" box="[744,926,404,429]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Appendix
|
||
<tableCitation id="6407EA88AC2A3B452F49D3F8FC3EAEA1" box="[864,926,404,429]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="68.[119,196,494,513]" captionText="TABLE 5. Lisŧ of localiŧies reviseđ of eacħ Sphenarium species aŊđ morpħoŧypes (Ŋumbers wiŧħiŊ pareŊŧħesis) iđeŊŧifieđ. Localiŧies iŊcluđeđ our geŊeŧic aŊalysis are đeŊoŧeđ iŊ bolđ. For localiŧy we iŊđicaŧe iŧs localiŧy Ŋumber (LN), đescripŧioŊ, Ŋumber specimeŊs (F, females and M, males) eXamiŊeđ, đeposiŧory of ŧħe eXamiŊeđ maŧerial as iŊđicaŧeđ iŊ ŧħe meŧħođs" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Table</tableCitation>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
5).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC2A3B452CEED3DBFC34ADC1" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="99EDD56EAC2A3B452CEED3DBFC34ADC1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1563451417" country="Mexico" county="Moreover" location="He" municipality="According" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guanajuato" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452CEED3DBFE74AEDC" bold="true" box="[199,468,439,464]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC2A3B452DF5D3DBFD24AEDC" author="Bolivar" box="[476,644,439,464]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Bolivar, I. (1884) Monografia de los Pyrgomorfinos. Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 13, 1 - 500." type="journal article" year="1884">Bolivar (1884)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally described this species from one male and female
|
||
<typeStatus id="F63E6191AC2A3B452913D3D4FA3CAEDC" box="[1338,1436,440,464]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EB4111D1AC2A3B452CFFD3B0FEFAAEF9" box="[214,346,476,501]" country="Mexico" name="Guanajuato" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Guanajuato</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="51929FA3AC2A3B452D41D3B0FE61AEF9" box="[360,449,476,501]" name="Mexico" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC2A3B452DE7D3B1FE4FAEF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1:2C5A89E8AC2A3B452DE7D3B1FE4FAEF8" box="[462,495,477,500]" country="Mexico" county="Moreover" municipality="According" name="He" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Guanajuato">He</location>
|
||
recognized this species based on the morphology of head, antenna and ovipositor valves, as well as coloration patterns.
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC2A3B452E7FD06CFDDDAD1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1:2C5A89E8AC2A3B452E7FD06CFDDDAD1B" box="[598,637,512,535]" country="Mexico" county="Moreover" municipality="According" name="For" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Guanajuato">For</location>
|
||
posterior taxonomic studies this species remain valid until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC2A3B452910D06CFF41AD31" author="Marquez" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Marquez, C. (1962) Estudios de las especies del genero Sphenarium basado en sus genitalia (Acrididae; Orthoptera), con la descripcion de una nueva especie. Anales de Instituto de Biologia UNAM Serie Zoologia, 33, 247 - 258." type="journal article" year="1962">
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC2A3B452910D06CFA3DAD14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1:2C5A89E8AC2A3B452910D06CFA3DAD14" box="[1337,1437,512,536]" country="Mexico" county="Moreover" municipality="According" name="Marquez" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Guanajuato">Márquez</location>
|
||
(1962)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymised it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452DECD049FDDCAD30" box="[453,636,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452DECD049FDDCAD30" box="[453,636,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. purpurascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
despite he did not examined specimens of this species.
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC2A3B452927D049FAEBAD30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1:2C5A89E8AC2A3B452927D049FAEBAD30" box="[1294,1355,549,572]" country="Mexico" county="Moreover" municipality="According" name="Later" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Guanajuato">Later</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC2A3B452970D048FF41AD6C" author="Boyle" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Boyle, W. K. (1974) A Revision of the Genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). McGill University, McGill, 214 pp." type="book" year="1974">
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC2A3B452970D048FA3CAD31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1:2C5A89E8AC2A3B452970D048FA3CAD31" box="[1369,1436,548,573]" country="Mexico" county="Moreover" municipality="According" name="Boyle" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Guanajuato">Boyle</location>
|
||
(1974)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-established the status of this species and this status remain stable for posterior molecular analysis (
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC2A3B452CB7D000FE8CAD89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1:2C5A89E8AC2A3B452CB7D000FE8CAD89" box="[158,300,620,645]" country="Mexico" county="Moreover" municipality="According" name="Pedraza-lara" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Guanajuato">Pedraza-lara</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452D1AD001FECBAD89" box="[307,363,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC2A3B452D90D000FD4DAD89" author="Sanabria-Urban" box="[441,749,620,645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Sanabria-Urban, S., Song, H., Oyama, K., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A., Serrano-Meneses, M. A. & Cueva del Castillo, R. (2015) Body size adaptations to altitudinal climatic variation in neotropical grasshoppers of the genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). Plos ONE, 10 (12), 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<location id="2C5A89E8AC2A3B452D90D000FDCAAD89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A12C6E25AC2B3B452CBED000FF5FACE1:2C5A89E8AC2A3B452D90D000FDCAAD89" box="[441,618,620,645]" country="Mexico" county="Moreover" municipality="According" name="Sanabria-Urban" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Guanajuato">Sanabria-Urbán</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452E58D001FD0AAD89" box="[625,682,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C95E4549AC2A3B452F29D000FCD6AD89" box="[768,886,620,645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">According</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
to our results,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452834D001FBDEAD89" box="[1053,1150,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452834D001FBDEAD89" box="[1053,1150,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. borrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most differentiated species in the genus in both morphological and genetic characters.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="C05BA7BFAC2A3B452FB0D0FCFBA9ADAB" box="[921,1033,656,679]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Moreover</collectingCounty>
|
||
, its well-supported monophyly and geographic restrictiveness support his recognition as a valid species.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619F8CB8AC2A3B452CEED0BBFF5FACE1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="293ADF33AC2A3B452CEED0BBFF5FACE1" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452CEED0BBFE0FADFC" ID-CoL="4YV46" box="[199,431,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452CEED0BBFE0FADFC" box="[199,431,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sphenarium bruneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only briefly described based on unstated number of specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC2A3B4528D8D0BBFA2FADFC" author="Bolivar" box="[1265,1423,727,752]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Bolivar, I. (1909) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae Subfam. Pyrgomorphinae. Genera insectorum, 90, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1909">Bolivar 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), probably one male and two females from an unspecified Mexican locality. Originally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC2A3B452872D090FAA0AC18" author="Bolivar" box="[1115,1280,764,789]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Bolivar, I. (1909) Orthoptera Fam. Acridiidae Subfam. Pyrgomorphinae. Genera insectorum, 90, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1909">Bolivar (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated a close relationship between this species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452E17D14CFD1CAC34" ID-CoL="4YV4P" box="[574,700,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452E17D14CFD1CAC34" box="[574,700,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, he mainly considered highly variable external traits in differentiating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452D14D129FE19AC51" box="[317,441,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunerri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452D14D129FE19AC51" box="[317,441,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. brunerri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its congeners. The validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452F64D129FC1DAC51" ID-CoL="4YV46" box="[845,957,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452F64D129FC1DAC51" box="[845,957,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. bruneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is questionable and its taxonomic position has remained uncertain. This species has been considered as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452812D104FAF2AC8C" ID-CoL="6Z9L4" authority="Boyle 1974" authorityName="Boyle" authorityYear="1974" box="[1083,1362,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452812D104FB07AC8C" box="[1083,1191,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. histrio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC2A3B452897D10BFAEAAC8C" author="Boyle" box="[1214,1354,871,896]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Boyle, W. K. (1974) A Revision of the Genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). McGill University, McGill, 214 pp." type="book" year="1974">Boyle 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B4529AED104FE75ACA8" ID-CoL="4YV4N" authority="Kevan 1977" authorityName="Kevan" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B4529AED104FE8FACA8" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. purpurascens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D14A2C2AC2A3B452D17D1E0FE6DACA8" author="Kevan" box="[318,461,908,932]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Kevan, D. K. M. (1977) The American Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 36 (1 - 4), 3 - 28." type="journal article" year="1977">Kevan 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, considering the close resemblance in the morphology of head, tegmina and ovipositor valves between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452DD9D1DCFDF1ACC4" ID-CoL="4YV45" box="[496,593,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452DD9D1DCFDF1ACC4" box="[496,593,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. borrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452EAFD1DCFD56ACC4" ID-CoL="4YV46" box="[646,758,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452EAFD1DCFD56ACC4" box="[646,758,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. bruneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is probable that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452FE5D1DCFB9CACC4" ID-CoL="4YV46" box="[972,1084,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452FE5D1DCFB9CACC4" box="[972,1084,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">S. bruneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents a junior synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="1BF10321AC2A3B452CBED1B9FF5FACE1" box="[151,255,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE85A4B0AC2A3B452CBED1B9FF5BACE1" ID-CoL="4YV45" box="[151,251,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Sphenarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borrei">S. borrei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |