164 lines
21 KiB
XML
164 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="F3CF1D7E5702D7FC9B1CA80667321BDF" ID-CLB-Dataset="22673" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4402.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b3fcdbf-53d5-47e5-9b72-3bbfc98e4168" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3769398" ID-ZooBank="05E1CFBA-B510-4860-AD7F-EA5814F19C0D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587999120011" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Llorente-Bousquets, Jorge & Castro-Gerardino, Diana Jimena" docDate="2018" docId="03FEE52B0A21921A88C9F8A56274FE68" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4402.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4402 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leptidea amurensis subsp. emisinapis Verity 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="419" masterDocId="FFC79D530A2E9208885EFFF76003FFC5" masterDocTitle="Antennal ultrastructure of Leptidea Billberg, 1820 (Pieridae: Dismorphiinae: Leptideini) and its taxonomic implications" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="416" updateTime="1698836964039" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="2473B39820B6E7C067C20727B1B1DAFD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F7ABD0142A94E816739A87C02A3660EC">
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<mods:title id="003965C28A150D31A5C0BD6E0F3C7463">Antennal ultrastructure of Leptidea Billberg, 1820 (Pieridae: Dismorphiinae: Leptideini) and its taxonomic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FBD31AFF667F59230B6734AC2BBDD629" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E26AAE5D673A17A48714E7DC38CC2CB5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EBDE3DB77A2166572DC538570EB39168">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CE748BFEACB09B412000BAFEE51CC918">Llorente-Bousquets, Jorge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A9B6DA59863D2D4CB213E3FB8916E7F4">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC. 20013 - 7012, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2A8B295F2CA69CFC23EEA1A1BEF55EFC" type="email">llorentebousquets@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="769EBF8FA019BDAFFE5242A5FD5D379A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E70446C34D89A0C46DB41FDD680041D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D3D62134F63EFFF13A7528880673F8F5">Castro-Gerardino, Diana Jimena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE34DF935EF199DAC84B4BD61647EA29">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC. 20013 - 7012, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FC4F0EEFD551A55853EF51399411C35B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3D4DFD1979BE564B6D42B7D2B7EB40C9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="419FB1F8A3E362392702FD1F4224145C">
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<mods:date id="C0C7E4E00A1E76D2D02F665B2BA490D3">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C0530827221D06CF064C87AAA1B48500">2018-03-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="68A7F7B2435F3F6C1EB320F9B1180564">4402</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="17C74DC4A322792D21FB59112387EBE5">3</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BB90CEBF87215554FDD66A137988A979" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FEE52B0A21921A88C9F8A56274FE68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3799934" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163751902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3799934" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEE52B0A21921A88C9F8A56274FE68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEE52B0A21921A88C9F8A56274FE68" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
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<subSubSection id="C34D07B60A21920788C9F8A5659FF810" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A21920788C9F8A562A0F8A9" blockId="15.[151,675,1874,1900]" box="[151,675,1874,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
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<heading id="D0A0E3510A21920788C9F8A562A0F8A9" bold="true" box="[151,675,1874,1900]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C572FBE0A21920788C9F8A562A0F8A9" authority="Verity, 1911" authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,675,1874,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="amurensis" subSpecies="emisinapis">
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A21920788C9F8A562A0F8A9" bold="true" box="[151,675,1874,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A21920788C9F8A5620FF8A9" bold="true" box="[151,524,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Leptidea amurensis emisinapis</emphasis>
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Verity, 1911
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A21920788C9F86A659FF810" blockId="15.[151,1436,1944,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
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ANTENNAL CLUB (
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<figureCitation id="136C48B80A219207893DF86F61B7F874" box="[355,436,1944,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7 (a–f). Club of a female of Leptidea amurensis emisinapis. a. Antennal club (x130); b. Antennomeres of the antennal club (x230); c. More distal antennomere (x300); d. Central sulcus (x800); e. Lateral sulcus (x900); f. Microtrichia m1 are surrounded trichoid sensilla (x4.50 k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769424/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
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). The scaleless club is
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<quantity id="4CAFF9D80A2192078AEBF86F6308F874" box="[693,779,1944,1969]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4799999999999995" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="mm" value="548.0">548 µm</quantity>
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in length. ANTENNOMERES (
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<figureCitation id="136C48B80A21920789D3F84B61F8F810" box="[397,507,1980,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7 (a–f). Club of a female of Leptidea amurensis emisinapis. a. Antennal club (x130); b. Antennomeres of the antennal club (x230); c. More distal antennomere (x300); d. Central sulcus (x800); e. Lateral sulcus (x900); f. Microtrichia m1 are surrounded trichoid sensilla (x4.50 k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769424/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Fig. 7b, c</figureCitation>
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). The number of scaleless antennomeres is four and the last two are fused; there is
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D07B60A3E921A88C9FF6F6274FE68" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3E921888C9FF6F6578FF10" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">a suture on the dorsal surface of the distal antennomere. The antennomeres are very depressed, and the maximum ratio (l:w) is 1:4.6. On the dorsal surface, the scaled area reaches an additional antennomere beyond the ventral.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3E92188899FF13648FFEA1" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
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SULCI AND PSEUDOSULCI (
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<figureCitation id="136C48B80A3E92188A5EFF286278FF3D" box="[512,635,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7 (a–f). Club of a female of Leptidea amurensis emisinapis. a. Antennal club (x130); b. Antennomeres of the antennal club (x230); c. More distal antennomere (x300); d. Central sulcus (x800); e. Lateral sulcus (x900); f. Microtrichia m1 are surrounded trichoid sensilla (x4.50 k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769424/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Fig. 7d, e</figureCitation>
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). There are 4 central and 8–9 lateral from the basal antennomere; sometimes the central sulcus of the basal antennomere is reduced. The sulci are very irregular and disaggregated, and there are several pseudosulci. Most of them occupy more than half of the height of the antennomere, except for the basal ones. The lateral sulci extend to the dorsal surface from the second antennomere.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3E92188899FE836554FE4D" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,392]" box="[199,1367,367,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
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MICROTRICHIA (
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<figureCitation id="136C48B80A3E92188924FE9861BFFE4D" box="[378,444,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7 (a–f). Club of a female of Leptidea amurensis emisinapis. a. Antennal club (x130); b. Antennomeres of the antennal club (x230); c. More distal antennomere (x300); d. Central sulcus (x800); e. Lateral sulcus (x900); f. Microtrichia m1 are surrounded trichoid sensilla (x4.50 k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769424/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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f–h). We found m1, m2, and m4. In the central sulci, the st:m1 ratio is 1:2 and 1:3.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2804B50A3E921888C9F86F623CF82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3769424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769424/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" startId="16.[151,250,1944,1966]" targetBox="[151,1436,445,1923]" targetPageId="16">
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<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3E921888C9F86F623CF82E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1944,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3E921888C9F86F6157F86B" bold="true" box="[151,340,1944,1966]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">FIGURE 7 (a–f).</emphasis>
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Club of a female of
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<taxonomicName id="4C572FBE0A3E92188A60F86F637CF86B" authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1911" box="[574,895,1944,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="amurensis" subSpecies="emisinapis">
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3E92188A60F86F637CF86B" box="[574,895,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Leptidea amurensis emisinapis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3E92188BCEF86F63A0F86B" bold="true" box="[912,931,1944,1966]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">a.</emphasis>
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Antennal club (x130);
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3E92188CFEF86F64B6F86B" bold="true" box="[1184,1205,1944,1966]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">b.</emphasis>
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Antennomeres of the antennal club (x230);
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3E92188928F8406184F808" bold="true" box="[374,391,1975,1997]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">c.</emphasis>
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More distal antennomere (x300);
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3E92188ABCF84062F5F808" bold="true" box="[738,758,1975,1997]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">d.</emphasis>
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Central sulcus (x800);
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3E92188BBBF84063F5F808" bold="true" box="[997,1014,1975,1997]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">e.</emphasis>
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Lateral sulcus (x900);
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3E92188CBFF84064F2F808" bold="true" box="[1249,1265,1975,1997]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">f.</emphasis>
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Microtrichia m1 are surrounded trichoid sensilla (x4.50 k).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF2804B50A3F921988C9F972658AF91D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3769426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769426/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" startId="17.[151,248,1669,1691]" targetBox="[151,1436,167,1647]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3F921988C9F972658AF91D" blockId="17.[151,1436,1669,1752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3F921988C9F9726146F95E" bold="true" box="[151,325,1669,1691]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">FIGURE 7 (g–l).</emphasis>
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Club of a female of
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<taxonomicName id="4C572FBE0A3F92198A50F972633DF95E" authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1911" box="[526,830,1669,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="amurensis" subSpecies="emisinapis">
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3F92198A50F972633DF95E" box="[526,830,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Leptidea amurensis emisinapis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3F92198B17F9726358F95E" bold="true" box="[841,859,1669,1691]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">g.</emphasis>
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Chaetic sensilla (arrow) and microtrichia m2 (m) (x3.7 k);
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3F921988C9F95460A8F97C" bold="true" box="[151,171,1699,1721]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">h.</emphasis>
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Auriculate sensilla (arrow) and microtrichia m2 (m) (x8.0 k);
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3F92198B6EF954633EF97C" bold="true" box="[816,829,1699,1721]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">i.</emphasis>
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Sc1 sensilla (arrow) (x9.0 k);
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3F92198C25F9546489F97C" bold="true" box="[1147,1162,1699,1721]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">j.</emphasis>
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Sc2 (arrow) and sc1 (left) sensilla (x6.00 k);
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3F92198910F9356161F91D" bold="true" box="[334,354,1730,1752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">k.</emphasis>
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Rounded opening without sensilla (arrow) (x7.5 k);
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<emphasis id="B923882F0A3F92198B34F9356374F91D" bold="true" box="[874,887,1730,1752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">l.</emphasis>
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Styloconic sensilla without stylus (arrows) (x14.0 k).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3F92198899F8FE64F8F884" blockId="17.[151,1436,1796,2038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
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TRICHOID SENSILLA (
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<figureCitation id="136C48B80A3F921989EBF8F36206F8D8" box="[437,517,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7 (a–f). Club of a female of Leptidea amurensis emisinapis. a. Antennal club (x130); b. Antennomeres of the antennal club (x230); c. More distal antennomere (x300); d. Central sulcus (x800); e. Lateral sulcus (x900); f. Microtrichia m1 are surrounded trichoid sensilla (x4.50 k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769424/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">Fig. 7f</figureCitation>
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). Theses sensilla average ca.
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<quantity id="4CAFF9D80A3F92198B0BF8F3639DF8DB" box="[853,926,1796,1822]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
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in length, and the flagellum is rounded. The number of trichoid sensilla in the sulci and pseudosulci ranges from 5 to 52 for a total of 109 to 170.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3F92198899F8A661C7F833" blockId="17.[151,1436,1796,2038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
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CHAETIC SENSILLA (
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<figureCitation id="136C48B80A3F921989F2F8BB6202F8A0" box="[428,513,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7 (a–f). Club of a female of Leptidea amurensis emisinapis. a. Antennal club (x130); b. Antennomeres of the antennal club (x230); c. More distal antennomere (x300); d. Central sulcus (x800); e. Lateral sulcus (x900); f. Microtrichia m1 are surrounded trichoid sensilla (x4.50 k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769424/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="418">
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Fig.
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<quantity id="4CAFF9D80A3F921989BCF8BA6202F8A0" box="[482,513,1869,1893]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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). These sensilla average ca.
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<quantity id="4CAFF9D80A3F92198B16F8BA6390F8A3" box="[840,915,1869,1894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="418" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 µm</quantity>
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in length. The longitudinal grooves show are either smooth or have a saw-shaped edge. There are four sensilla on the ventral surface and another four on the dorsal surface, totaling eight per antennomere; there are seven to ten in the distal flagellomere. The sensilla are in the middle of the antennomere or even within a central sulcus. On the dorsal surface, they are under the lateral sulci and toward the distal edge.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3C921A8899FF6B64CFFF75" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,1228,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">BASICONIC SENSILLA. These sensilla are either absent or exceedingly rare in this subspecies.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3C921A8899FF376241FED8" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
AURICULATE SENSILLA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C48B80A3C921A8989FF4B622FFF10" box="[471,556,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7 (a–f). Club of a female of Leptidea amurensis emisinapis. a. Antennal club (x130); b. Antennomeres of the antennal club (x230); c. More distal antennomere (x300); d. Central sulcus (x800); e. Lateral sulcus (x900); f. Microtrichia m1 are surrounded trichoid sensilla (x4.50 k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769424/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 7h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Theses sensilla are more abundant on the ventral surface where they usually are scattered outside the sulci; although there may be a few within the sulci. On the dorsal surface they are scarce and close to the extended lateral sulci.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3C921A8899FEDB6173FEA1" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
COELOCONIC SENSILLA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C48B80A3C921A8988FED06234FE85" box="[470,567,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7 (a–f). Club of a female of Leptidea amurensis emisinapis. a. Antennal club (x130); b. Antennomeres of the antennal club (x230); c. More distal antennomere (x300); d. Central sulcus (x800); e. Lateral sulcus (x900); f. Microtrichia m1 are surrounded trichoid sensilla (x4.50 k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769424/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 7i, j</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the dorsal surface there are sc1 and sc2. The sc2 are more frequent in the basal antennomere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE8543D0A3C921A8899FE836274FE68" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
|
||
OTHER SENSILLA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C48B80A3C921A89C9FE986207FE4D" box="[407,516,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1923]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7 (a–f). Club of a female of Leptidea amurensis emisinapis. a. Antennal club (x130); b. Antennomeres of the antennal club (x230); c. More distal antennomere (x300); d. Central sulcus (x800); e. Lateral sulcus (x900); f. Microtrichia m1 are surrounded trichoid sensilla (x4.50 k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3769424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3769424/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Fig. 7k, l</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sni3 sensilla are scarce and found only at the apex of the club. There are some openings where there are no sensilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |