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<mods:title id="30C07A633947F109B4FEDC6941A8948C">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FFE7FF9CFF57FED8FE21F89D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022933" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650376" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FFE7FF9CFF57FED8FE21F89D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FFE7FF9CFF57FED8FE21F89D" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFE7FF9CFF57FED8FEE2FE78" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF57FED8FDA2FE9A" blockId="64.[151,619,335,395]" box="[151,619,335,361]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D0A0818AFFE7FF9CFF57FED8FDA2FE9A" bold="true" box="[151,619,335,361]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFF57FED8FDA2FE9A" ID-CoL="6Y7HL" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,619,335,361]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacunosus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF57FED8FDA2FE9A" bold="true" box="[151,619,335,361]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF57FED8FE5DFE9A" bold="true" box="[151,404,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizaster lacunosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFE63FED8FDAAFE9A" author="Linnaeus" box="[419,611,335,361]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF57FEE5FEE2FE78" blockId="64.[151,619,335,395]" box="[151,299,370,395]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFE7FF9CFF57FEE5FF2FFE78" box="[151,230,370,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[359,1246,640,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[340,1247,639,1179]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 75. Schizaster lacunosus (MBC-A 023318). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen. D. Side view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843479/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
AD.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFE7FF9CFF57FE2DFCC7FDB8" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF57FE2DFD29FE23" blockId="64.[151,1436,442,587]" box="[151,736,442,464]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFF57FE2DFDFFFE23" ID-CoL="79VFR" authority=": A. Agassiz, 1872" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,566,442,464]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ventricosus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF57FE2DFEB1FE23" box="[151,376,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizaster ventricosus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFE46FE2CFDFFFE23" author="Agassiz" box="[390,566,442,464]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872) Revision of the Echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 3, 1 - 378." type="journal article" year="1872">A. Agassiz, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
1874: 158, 614.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF57FE4EFF3DFDFE" blockId="64.[151,1436,442,587]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FFE7FF9CFF57FE4EFF3DFDFE" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFF57FE4EFD95FE1C" ID-CoL="79VHH" authority=": A. Agassiz, 1881: 202" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="202" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,604,473,495]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF57FE4EFEA0FE1C" box="[151,361,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizaster japonicus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFE7FF9CFEB6FE4EFD95FE1C" author="Agassiz" box="[374,604,473,495]" page="202" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFEB6FE4EFDE0FE1C" author="Agassiz" box="[374,553,473,495]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. In: Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76: a summary of the scientific results, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">A. Agassiz, 1881</bibRefCitation>
: 202
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Pl. XXXVI,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFE7FF9CFD29FE4EFC98FE1C" box="[745,849,473,495]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStart-3="FIGURE 11" captionStart-4="FIGURE 12" captionStart-5="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionStartId-3="15.[151,250,1808,1830]" captionStartId-4="16.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-5="17.[151,250,1183,1205]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-1="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetBox-2="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetBox-3="[369,1245,1218,1785]" captionTargetBox-4="[383,1235,1111,1734]" captionTargetBox-5="[346,1245,592,1158]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetId-2="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetId-3="figure@15.[340,1247,1217,1787]" captionTargetId-4="figure@16.[358,1236,1109,1736]" captionTargetId-5="figure@17.[340,1247,591,1161]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionTargetPageId-4="16" captionTargetPageId-5="17" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843349/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843351/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843353/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs 813</figureCitation>
. Pl. XLIII,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFE7FF9CFC06FE4EFBD8FE1C" box="[966,1041,473,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[366,1244,1332,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[340,1247,1329,1957]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 26. Chaetodiadema africanum. A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of adult preserved specimen (MBC- 077779). C. Aboral view of juvenile preserved specimen (SAMC-A 23717)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843379/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
. Pl. LXV,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFE7FF9CFBBCFE4EFB2DFE1C" box="[1148,1252,473,495]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStart-3="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionStartId-3="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-1="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-2="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetBox-3="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetId-3="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." captionText-3="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs 710</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFE7FF9CFB2FFE4EFF39FDFE" author="Doderlein" page="254" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFB2FFE4EFA51FE1C" author="Doderlein" box="[1263,1432,473,495]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Doderlein, L. (1906) Die Echinoiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition, 5, 61 - 290." type="journal article" year="1906">Döderlein, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 254
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF57FD81FB00FDDF" blockId="64.[151,1436,442,587]" box="[151,1225,534,556]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FFE7FF9CFF57FD81FB00FDDF" box="[151,1225,534,556]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFF57FD81FD84FDDF" ID-CoL="6Y7HL" authority=": H. L. Clark, 1924: 12" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,589,534,556]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacunosus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF57FD81FEA3FDDF" box="[151,362,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizaster lacunosus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFE7FF9CFEB7FD80FD84FDDF" author="Clark" box="[375,589,534,556]" page="12" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFEB7FD80FDE1FDDF" author="Clark" box="[375,552,534,556]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Clark, H. L. (1924) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biology Survey. Part I. Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Report, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 4 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1924">H.L. Clark, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 12
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFE7FF9CFD98FD80FC8CFDDF" author="Clark" box="[600,837,534,556]" page="210" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFD98FD80FCDAFDDF" author="Clark" box="[600,787,534,556]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
: 210
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFE7FF9CFC90FD81FB0CFDDF" author="Clark" box="[848,1221,534,556]" page="248" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFC90FD81FB5BFDDF" author="Clark" box="[848,1170,534,556]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Clark, A. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 248
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF57FDA1FCC7FDB8" blockId="64.[151,1436,442,587]" box="[151,782,565,587]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FFE7FF9CFF57FDA1FCC7FDB8" box="[151,782,565,587]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFF57FDA1FD60FDB8" ID-CoL="84BSP" authority=": Schultz, 2010: 443" authorityName=": Schultz" authorityPageNumber="443" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,681,565,587]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Ova" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacunosus" subGenus="Aplospatangus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF57FDA1FF08FDB8" box="[151,193,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Ova</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF10FDA2FEAFFDB8" box="[208,358,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Aplospatangus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFEB4FDA2FE10FDB8" box="[372,473,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">lacunosus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFE7FF9CFE28FDA2FD60FDB8" author="Schultz" box="[488,681,565,587]" page="443" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFE28FDA2FDBEFDB8" author="Schultz" box="[488,631,565,587]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 443
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Fig. 826.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF28666EFFE7FF9CFF57FB27FCAEFB16" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843479/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[359,1246,640,1177]" targetPageId="64">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF57FB27FCAEFB16" blockId="64.[151,1435,1200,1253]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF57FB27FEE9FB35" bold="true" box="[151,288,1200,1222]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 75.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFEE6FB27FE33FB35" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1924" box="[294,506,1200,1222]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacunosus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFEE6FB27FE33FB35" box="[294,506,1200,1222]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizaster lacunosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MBC-A023318).
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFD7DFB27FD06FB35" bold="true" box="[701,719,1200,1222]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">A</emphasis>
. Map showing distribution.
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFC2FFB27FBC9FB35" bold="true" box="[1007,1024,1200,1222]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">B</emphasis>
. Aboral view of preserved specimen.
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFA43FB27FA5CFB35" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1200,1222]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C</emphasis>
. Oral view of preserved specimen.
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFE32FB58FDCDFB16" bold="true" box="[498,516,1231,1253]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">D</emphasis>
. Side view of preserved specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFE7FF9CFF57FA86FCE8FA4E" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF57FA86FB09FABD" blockId="64.[151,1437,1297,1902]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF57FA86FE4AFAD9" bold="true" box="[151,387,1297,1322]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Material examined.</emphasis>
MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FFE7FF9CFE2AFA85FD89FAD9" box="[490,576,1298,1322]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="32-02-22">022232</date>
; MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FFE7FF9CFD6CFA85FCCBFAD9" box="[684,770,1298,1322]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="88-02-28">022888</date>
; MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FFE7FF9CFCAEFA85FC0DFAD9" box="[878,964,1298,1322]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="89-02-28">022889</date>
; MBC-A023318; MBC-A027744; MBC- A027745; MBC-A077988; MBC-A077987; MBC-A077767; MBC-A077990; MBC-A077989.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF07FACAFCE8FA4E" blockId="64.[151,1437,1297,1902]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF07FACAFEB9FA85" bold="true" box="[199,368,1373,1398]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Identification.</emphasis>
Test heart-shaped, pointed towards the end, very high posteriorly, with indented anterior ambulacra, adjoining interambulacra rising as vertical wall covering frontal pore-pairs, posterior interambulacra keeled forming a hook above periproct; genital pores two.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFE7FF9CFF07FA5EFDF0F9D9" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF07FA5EFCECFA12" blockId="64.[151,1437,1297,1902]" box="[199,805,1481,1506]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF07FA5EFE1BFA11" bold="true" box="[199,466,1481,1506]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
Maximum test length
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFE7FF9CFD0FFA5DFCE8FA12" box="[719,801,1482,1506]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF07FA7AFDF0F9D9" blockId="64.[151,1437,1297,1902]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CBBFFE7FF9CFF07FA7AFDF0F9D9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586033329" country="Japan" county="Global" elevation="101" location="South Africa" municipality="East Coast of Africa" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF07FA7AFE7AF9F5" bold="true" box="[199,435,1517,1542]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<collectingCounty id="62894E6AFFE7FF9CFF07FA7AFED1F9F5" box="[199,280,1517,1542]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Global</collectingCounty>
distribution.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FFE7FF9CFE79FA79FE35F9F6" box="[441,508,1518,1541]" name="Japan" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8CAC9CFFE7FF9CFDC6FA79FD21F9F5" box="[518,744,1517,1542]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">East Coast of Africa</collectingMunicipality>
extending to
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FFE7FF9CFC40FA7AFC0BF9F5" box="[896,962,1517,1542]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">South</collectingRegion>
coast of
<location id="8E88603DFFE7FF9CFBE6FA7AFB7EF9F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FFE7FF9CFF57FED8FE21F89D:8E88603DFFE7FF9CFBE6FA7AFB7EF9F5" box="[1062,1207,1517,1542]" country="Japan" county="Global" municipality="East Coast of Africa" name="South Africa" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="South">South Africa</location>
, Northeast
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FFE7FF9CFAF5FA7AFA55F9F5" box="[1333,1436,1517,1542]" name="Australia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFF5EF985FE93F9D9" author="Mortensen" box="[158,346,1553,1578]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. V. 2. Spatangoida. II. Amphisternata. III. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosnizidae, Schizateridae, Brissidae. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensen 1951</bibRefCitation>
), at
<elevation id="007AD1D5FFE7FF9CFE49F986FE25F9DA" box="[393,492,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" metricValueMax="1.98" metricValueMin="0.05" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="101.5" valueMax="198.0" valueMin="5.0">
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFE7FF9CFE49F986FE25F9DA" box="[393,492,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" metricValueMax="1.98" metricValueMin="0.05" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="101.5" valueMax="198.0" valueMin="5.0">5198 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFE7FF9CFF07F9A2FE21F89D" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFE7FF9CFF07F9A2FE21F89D" blockId="64.[151,1437,1297,1902]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF07F9A2FEF2F9BD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1589,1614]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</emphasis>
Samples identified through this study extend previously known distribution southwards to off Port Elizabeth; and illustrate that species may be found in deeper waters of
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFE7FF9CFC06F9CDFBC6F982" box="[966,1039,1626,1650]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="198.0">198 m</quantity>
than the previously thought
<specimenCount id="9D51FD6FFFE7FF9CFA9AF9CDFA55F982" box="[1370,1436,1626,1650]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFE7FF9CFA9AF9CDFA51F982" box="[1370,1432,1626,1650]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFE90F9E9FDE8F966" authorityName=": Doderlein" authorityYear="1910" box="[336,545,1662,1685]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Brisaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFE90F9E9FDE8F966" box="[336,545,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Brisaster capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in number of gonopores, of which
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFB91F9E9FB28F965" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1924" box="[1105,1249,1661,1686]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacunosus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFB91F9E9FB28F965" box="[1105,1249,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. lacunosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two and
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFA44F9E8FF3EF949" authorityName=": Doderlein" authorityYear="1910" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Brisaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFA44F9E8FF3EF949" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">B. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
three. Other differences that distinguish the two species are the posterior keel and the two vertical walls formed by the adjoining anterior interambulacra in
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFD37F951FC4EF92D" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1924" box="[759,903,1733,1758]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacunosus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFD37F951FC4EF92D" box="[759,903,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. lacunosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFE7FF9CFC5AF952FB8CF92D" author="Schultz" box="[922,1093,1733,1758]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz (2010)</bibRefCitation>
reported this species as
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFAADF951FE01F8F1" authorityName=": Schultz" authorityYear="2010" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Ova" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacunosus" subGenus="Aplospatangus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFAADF951FA55F92E" box="[1389,1436,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Ova</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF60F97EFE8FF8F1" box="[160,326,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Aplospatangus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFE98F97EFE01F8F1" box="[344,456,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">lacunosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of fossil
<typeStatus id="54EC8844FFE7FF9CFD08F97DFD31F8F1" box="[712,760,1770,1794]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
known to have four gonopores, thus resulting in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFF57F89AFEC3F8D5" box="[151,266,1805,1830]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFF57F89AFEC3F8D5" box="[151,266,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFDFCF898FD57F8D5" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1869" box="[572,670,1807,1830]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Paraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFDFCF898FD57F8D5" box="[572,670,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Paraster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and species with two gonopores being transferred to genus
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFE7FF9CFAA6F899FA5CF8D6" box="[1382,1429,1806,1829]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Ova" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFE7FF9CFAA6F899FA5CF8D6" box="[1382,1429,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Ova</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this change has not been implemented on the WED database and this study follows the taxonomic naming of the WED database.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>