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<mods:title id="DD1941EE0AE18C0247D968C468BBC4C7">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF8FFFF5FF57FC20FC4AFE2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022735" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022735" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8FFFF5FF57FC20FC4AFE2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF8FFFF5FF57FC20FC4AFE2B" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8FFFF4FF57FC20FD5DFC22" blockId="40.[151,660,951,1011]" box="[151,660,951,977]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0A0818AFF8FFFF4FF57FC20FD5DFC22" bold="true" box="[151,660,951,977]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8FFFF4FF57FC20FD5DFC22" ID-CoL="4L72Z" authority="(Doderlein, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,660,951,977]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Polyechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="agulhensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FF57FC20FD5DFC22" bold="true" box="[151,660,951,977]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FF57FC20FE7DFC22" bold="true" box="[151,436,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Polyechinus agulhensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FE04FC20FD45FC22" author="Doderlein" box="[452,652,951,977]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Doderlein, L. (1905) Ueber Seeigel der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Z oologischer Anzeiger, 282, 621 - 624." type="journal article" year="1905">Döderlein, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8FFFF4FF57FC4DFEE3FC01" blockId="40.[151,660,951,1011]" box="[151,298,986,1011]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8FFFF4FF57FC4DFF2FFC01" box="[151,230,986,1011]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[361,1247,1257,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[340,1247,1255,1862]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 44. Polyechinus agulhensis (SAMC-A 22259). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Non-fleshy mouth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843415/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
AC.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8FFFF4FF57FBB4FCB9FB41" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8FFFF4FF57FBB4FC11FB86" blockId="40.[151,1436,1058,1202]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8FFFF4FF57FBB4FC11FB86" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8FFFF4FF57FBB4FD49FBCB" authority=": Doderlein, 1906: 207" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityPageNumber="207" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,640,1058,1080]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Paracentrotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="agulhensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FF57FBB4FE50FBCB" box="[151,409,1058,1080]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Paracentrotus agulhensis</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8FFFF4FE67FBB5FD49FBCB" author="Doderlein" box="[423,640,1058,1080]" page="207" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FE67FBB5FD86FBCB" author="Doderlein" box="[423,591,1058,1080]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Doderlein, L. (1906) Die Echinoiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition, 5, 61 - 290." type="journal article" year="1906">Döderlein, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 207
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210. Pl. XXVII,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8FFFF4FCF4FBB5FC47FBCB" box="[820,910,1058,1080]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs 14</figureCitation>
. Pl. XXXV,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8FFFF4FBCDFBB5FB9EFBCB" box="[1037,1111,1058,1080]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[350,1259,690,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[324,1262,687,1336]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843361/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
. Pl. XLVII,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8FFFF4FB12FBB5FAC7FBCB" box="[1234,1294,1058,1080]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8FFFF4FF57FBD5FD4BFBA5" authority=": Doderlein, 1910: 248" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityPageNumber="248" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,642,1088,1111]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Paracentrotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="agulhensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FF57FBD5FE50FBA5" box="[151,409,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Paracentrotus agulhensis</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8FFFF4FE67FBD7FD4BFBA5" author="Doderlein" box="[423,642,1088,1110]" page="248" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FE67FBD7FD86FBA5" author="Doderlein" box="[423,591,1088,1110]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein, 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 248
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8FFFF4FD4CFBD6FCA7FBA5" author="Clark" box="[652,878,1088,1110]" page="388" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FD4CFBD6FCF2FBA5" author="Clark" box="[652,827,1088,1110]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 388
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8FFFF4FCB9FBD6FB88FBA5" author="Clark" box="[889,1089,1088,1110]" page="9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FCB9FBD6FBE0FBA5" author="Clark" box="[889,1065,1088,1110]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Clark, H. L. (1924) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biology Survey. Part I. Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Report, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 4 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1924">H.L. Clark, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 9
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8FFFF4FB8CFBD6FAF3FBA5" author="Clark" box="[1100,1338,1088,1110]" page="132" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FB8CFBD6FACEFBA5" author="Clark" box="[1100,1287,1088,1110]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
: 132
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8FFFF4FF57FBF7FDA1FB86" authority=": H. L. Clark, 1923: 388" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="388" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,616,1119,1141]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Paracentrotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FF57FBF7FEB3FB86" box="[151,378,1119,1141]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Paracentrotus grandis</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8FFFF4FE48FBF7FDA1FB86" author="Clark" box="[392,616,1119,1141]" page="388" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FE48FBF7FDFEFB86" author="Clark" box="[392,567,1119,1141]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 388
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</taxonomicName>
390. Pl. XXII:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8FFFF4FCCBFBF7FC1DFB86" author="Clark" box="[779,980,1119,1141]" page="9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FCCBFBF7FC72FB86" author="Clark" box="[779,955,1119,1141]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Clark, H. L. (1924) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biology Survey. Part I. Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Report, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 4 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1924">H.L. Clark, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 9
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8FFFF4FF57FBE9FCB9FB41" blockId="40.[151,1436,1058,1202]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8FFFF4FF57FBE9FCB9FB41" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8FFFF4FF57FBE9FDBDFB67" ID-CoL="4L72Z" authority=": Mortensen, 1943: 118" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,628,1150,1172]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Polyechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="agulhensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FF57FBE9FE4FFB67" box="[151,390,1150,1172]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Polyechinus agulhensis</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8FFFF4FE54FBE8FDBDFB67" author="Mortensen" box="[404,628,1150,1172]" page="118" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1943">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FE54FBE8FD8DFB67" author="Mortensen" box="[404,580,1150,1172]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen, 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 118
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</taxonomicName>
123. Pl. XVII,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8FFFF4FCD9FBE9FCBDFB67" box="[793,884,1150,1172]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-1="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs 45</figureCitation>
. Pl. XXI,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8FFFF4FC1CFBE9FBFFFB67" box="[988,1078,1150,1172]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-5="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-6="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-7="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-4="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-5="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-6="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-7="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-5="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-6="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-7="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionTargetPageId-7="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs 18</figureCitation>
. Pl. LVII,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8FFFF4FB62FBE9FB39FB67" box="[1186,1264,1150,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1270,1292]" captionTargetBox="[360,1246,703,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[340,1247,702,1249]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843359/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8FFFF4FB3BFBE9FAF7FB67" box="[1275,1342,1150,1172]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStart-2="FIGURE 23" captionStart-3="FIGURE 24" captionStart-4="FIGURE 25" captionStart-5="FIGURE 26" captionStart-6="FIGURE 27" captionStart-7="FIGURE 28" captionStartId-0="23.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionStartId-1="24.[151,250,1517,1539]" captionStartId-2="25.[151,250,875,897]" captionStartId-3="26.[151,250,962,984]" captionStartId-4="26.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionStartId-5="27.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionStartId-6="28.[151,250,1023,1045]" captionStartId-7="28.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,1244,1030,1673]" captionTargetBox-1="[372,1246,833,1492]" captionTargetBox-2="[370,1246,194,845]" captionTargetBox-3="[368,1245,306,937]" captionTargetBox-4="[374,1244,1381,1955]" captionTargetBox-5="[366,1244,1332,1954]" captionTargetBox-6="[376,1247,690,1001]" captionTargetBox-7="[377,1247,1429,1777]" captionTargetId-0="figure@23.[340,1247,1028,1676]" captionTargetId-1="figure@24.[340,1247,832,1495]" captionTargetId-2="figure@25.[342,1249,193,848]" captionTargetId-3="figure@26.[340,1247,303,940]" captionTargetId-4="figure@26.[340,1247,1379,1958]" captionTargetId-5="figure@27.[340,1247,1329,1957]" captionTargetId-6="figure@28.[340,1247,690,1002]" captionTargetId-7="figure@28.[340,1247,1429,1779]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionTargetPageId-2="25" captionTargetPageId-3="26" captionTargetPageId-4="26" captionTargetPageId-5="27" captionTargetPageId-6="28" captionTargetPageId-7="28" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Tromikosoma uranus (SAMC-A 22122). A. Map showing distribution. B. view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Phormosoma busarium (SAMC-A 22621). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 23. Phormosoma placenta africana (SAMC- A 22250). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 24. Aspidodiadema africanum (MBC-A 022216). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 25. Astropyga radiata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live adult (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28211)." captionText-5="FIGURE 26. Chaetodiadema africanum. A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of adult preserved specimen (MBC- 077779). C. Aboral view of juvenile preserved specimen (SAMC-A 23717)." captionText-6="FIGURE 27. Diadema savignyi A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal)." captionText-7="FIGURE 28. Diadema setosum A. Map showing distribution. B. Live juvenile specimen (KwaZulu-Natal)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843369/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843371/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843373/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843375/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843377/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843379/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843381/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843383/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2128</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8FFFF4FA89FBE9FE2AFB41" author="Clark" page="238" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FA89FBE9FE79FB41" author="Clark" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Clark, A. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 238
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8FFFF4FE2EFB0BFD73FB41" author="Schultz" box="[494,698,1180,1202]" page="1263" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8FFFF4FE2EFB0BFDB5FB41" author="Schultz" box="[494,636,1180,1202]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Schultz, H. (2011) Sea-Urchins III, Worldwide Regular Deep Water Species. 1 st Edition. Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 1338 pp." type="book" year="2011">Schultz, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 1263
</treatmentCitation>
, Figs
<date id="FFE91026FF8FFFF4FD36FB0BFCA5FB41" box="[758,876,1180,1202]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2247" valueMax="2248">22472248</date>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF28666EFF8FFFF4FF57F8CBFE9EF862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843415/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[361,1247,1257,1862]" targetPageId="40">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8FFFF4FF57F8CBFE9EF862" blockId="40.[151,1435,1884,1937]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FF57F8CBFEE9F881" bold="true" box="[151,288,1884,1906]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8FFFF4FEE5F8CBFDDDF881" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityYear="1943" box="[293,532,1884,1906]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Polyechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="agulhensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FEE5F8CBFDDDF881" box="[293,532,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Polyechinus agulhensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAMC-A22259).
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FD19F8CBFD22F881" bold="true" box="[729,747,1884,1906]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
. Map showing distribution.
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FBCBF8CBFBD5F881" bold="true" box="[1035,1052,1884,1906]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
. Side view of preserved specimen.
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8FFFF4FA43F8CBFA5CF881" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1884,1906]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
. Non-fleshy mouth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8EFFF5FF57FF00FEE3FED3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF57FF00FD4DFF27" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,472]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57FF00FE4AFF43" bold="true" box="[151,387,151,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</emphasis>
MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FE2AFF00FD89FF43" box="[490,576,151,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="52-02-22">022252</date>
; MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FD6CFF0FFCCBFF43" box="[684,770,152,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="38-02-22">022238</date>
; MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FCAEFF0FFC0DFF43" box="[878,964,152,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="39-02-22">022239</date>
; MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FBEFFF00FB4CFF43" box="[1071,1157,151,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="58-02-22">022258</date>
; MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FB31FF00FA8EFF43" box="[1265,1351,151,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="59-02-22">022259</date>
; MBC- A
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FF6BFF2BFECBFF27" box="[171,258,188,212]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="07-02-27">022707</date>
; MBC-A077840; MBC-A077841.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF07FF74FEE3FED3" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,472]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF07FF74FEB9FF0F" bold="true" box="[199,368,227,252]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Identification.</emphasis>
Test from globular to low hemispherical. Primary spines stout but brittle. Denuded test and spines white.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8EFFF5FF07FEB8FD8FFE63" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF07FEB8FC88FEB4" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,472]" box="[199,833,303,328]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF07FEB8FE1BFEBB" bold="true" box="[199,466,303,328]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
Maximum test diameter
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8EFFF5FD2BFEA7FCF4FEB4" box="[747,829,304,328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF07FEC4FD8FFE63" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,472]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF07FEC4FE7FFE9F" bold="true" box="[199,438,339,364]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Global distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic to West and South coast regions of South Africa, at
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8EFFF5FB4AFEC3FAD0FE98" box="[1162,1305,340,364]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="640.0" valueMax="1080.0" valueMin="200.0">2001080 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FAEAFEC4FF1AFE63" author="Doderlein" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein 1910</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FF1DFEEFFE5EFE63" author="Mortensen" box="[221,407,376,400]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen 1943</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FE63FEE0FDF3FE63" author="Schultz" box="[419,570,375,400]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Schultz, H. (2011) Sea-Urchins III, Worldwide Regular Deep Water Species. 1 st Edition. Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 1338 pp." type="book" year="2011">Schultz 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8EFFF5FF07FE0CFC4AFE2B" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF07FE0CFC4AFE2B" blockId="41.[151,1436,151,472]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF07FE0CFEF2FE47" bold="true" box="[199,315,411,436]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Remarks.</emphasis>
Distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FDF2FE0CFD37FE47" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1904" box="[562,766,411,436]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gilchristi">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FDF2FE0CFD37FE47" box="[562,766,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Echinus gilchristi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by number of pore-pairs per plate, where
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FAC3FE0BFA55FE47" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityYear="1943" box="[1283,1436,411,436]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Polyechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="agulhensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FAC3FE0BFA55FE47" box="[1283,1436,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">P. agulhensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
commonly has four, rarely three or five, and
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FD4CFE57FCD9FE2B" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1904" box="[652,784,447,472]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gilchristi">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FD4CFE57FCD9FE2B" box="[652,784,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">E. gilchristi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has three.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>