plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1C3147FAC6EFA6.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

243 lines
22 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="F41ABECEC6A11A494AA6CFF7A2B4A1F4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1C3147FAC6EFA6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Taphozous longimanus Hardwicke 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="353" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="353" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="EBE45050BFCC0171594BCDD3F6DBF910" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6674CD4DB5F0C2431C0A1C881A69787C">
<mods:title id="D34B7AE4136C1B7C5892A9DE7091E71F">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6DEA4342579BF3B2DF5A67BDB3FE368C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EC13A0EF495FE106F221BB8438029C55">
<mods:roleTerm id="9FE31B4CDCD25772F7973257FF8EE972">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E82B8F6685A312A2532905B64105D1B6">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="ECA30285A4D63C884F4561CCF74345BD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="EEFD461D1DE10619C7944D4E117A39CE" type="host">
<mods:originInfo id="ECE346EEE459E3F5A80488D7ACBB3497">
<mods:dateIssued id="EA5F7B9380B864D6649ABA14833DC8C8">2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="FF5788C71FEAA40B4563BD3566CEACE3" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="2DF2DC16BE99AE64C109056B2CF07CD3">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="1B30AFCD6682CC4827DA8B7CEC9A511F">
<mods:placeTerm id="FDFDA554413587E69041E79CCE953FC3">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:name id="7C89E556791872B14D09DA21FAEF8B0C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BAB57F4A7E83219834E6B4C85F03BAFC">
<mods:roleTerm id="8FCF94564C5393B5AA1DCC9521071E18">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B500B398B4543B53A0425A819728369F">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C119B04691482D93D56FF7938196698D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F1A6243DF983911213602F021820DCF6">
<mods:roleTerm id="1475C3ED32534044945A7789352AD383">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5FF8A2B131B4B88096D5430C8927FB2F">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:titleInfo id="AC2B8910F100DAE5C23BBA2A4AE81595">
<mods:title id="48EE8869B0A5B8893E43276B4A581851">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A1F20A0892079FAF45B10C1FA48F645F">
<mods:extent id="FBB2B1B99A1AE3E98C8C571A993DFB77" unit="page">
<mods:start id="D8168E354460676509083BE32ADDAABB">350</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FCA83C1F4B53BFC78DBBB70C443EFA54">373</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="A79AD25B3067ED532ADDE2BB174051C2">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3BE3A8F15B24FF4F7BA1DC9E49DC28F7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3740269</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="90464DDF5C18ACCBDBF424DA4FDB4E94" type="GBIF-Dataset">34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="180D456CFD91DD5302230BA600C143D1" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4FB085EF515C59249F40F9A212E26EE5" type="Zenodo-Dep">3740269</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1C3147FAC6EFA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810753" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810753" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1C3147FAC6EFA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1C3147FAC6EFA6" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FF1C3147FBA7FB84" box="[185,1119,1072,1133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1C3147FBA7FB84" blockId="4.[185,1768,1072,1133]" box="[185,1119,1072,1133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<figureCitation id="13472A61FFCB4C00FF1C3147FF24FB84" box="[185,220,1072,1133]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[173,216,4419,4446]" captionTargetBox="[177,3496,132,4697]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 4. Hamilton'sTomb Bat [Taphozous hamiltoni); 5. Hildegarde'sTomb Bat (Taphozous hildegardeae}; 6. Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous longimanus); 7. Black-beardedTomb Bat (Taphozous melanopogoh); 8. Theobald'sTomb Bat (Taphozous theobaldi); 9. Indonesian Tomb Bat (Taphozous achates); 10. Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous kapalgensis}; 11. Coastal Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous australis}; 12. Common Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous georgianus); 13. Hill's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous hilli); 14. Troughton's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous troughtoni); 15. Pel's Pouched Bat (Saccolaimus peli); 16. Bare-rumped Sheathtailed Bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus); 17. Papuan Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus mixtus); 18. Yellow-bellied Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740271/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">6</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FEA43147FBA7FB84" box="[257,1119,1072,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FB033147F910FB84" box="[1190,1768,1072,1133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FB033147F910FB84" blockId="4.[185,1768,1072,1133]" box="[1190,1768,1072,1133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FB033147F910FB84" ID-CoL="7WZCP" authorityName="Hardwicke" authorityYear="1825" box="[1190,1768,1072,1133]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longimanus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FB033147F910FB84" bold="true" box="[1190,1768,1072,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Taphozous longimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FF1D3109FB6BFB22" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1D3109FA64FB7F" blockId="4.[183,1436,1147,1227]" box="[184,1436,1147,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
French: Taphien à longs bras /
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FDF43109FD34FB7D" bold="true" box="[593,716,1150,1172]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">German:</emphasis>
Langflügel-Grabfledermaus /
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FBF83109FB21FB7D" bold="true" box="[1117,1241,1150,1172]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Spanish:</emphasis>
Tafozo alilargo
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1231C4FB6BFB22" blockId="4.[183,1436,1147,1227]" box="[183,1171,1200,1227]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1231C4FDFBFB20" bold="true" box="[183,515,1203,1225]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Other common names:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FDAA31C7FDA6FB22" box="[527,606,1200,1227]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Indian</emphasis>
Sheath-tailed Bat, Long-winged Tomb Bat
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FC493064FAD4FA86" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FC493064FAD4FA86" blockId="4.[1004,1799,1299,1865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FC493064FB41FAD3" bold="true" box="[1004,1209,1299,1338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FC493064FB4AFAD3" box="[1004,1202,1299,1338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Taxonomy</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FB493064FADDFA86" authority="Hardwicke, 1825" authorityName="Hardwicke" authorityYear="1825" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Taphosous" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longimanus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FB493064FA61FAD3" box="[1260,1433,1299,1338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Taphosous</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F9E73064F8FFFAD3" box="[1602,1799,1299,1338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">longimanus</emphasis>
Hardwicke, 1825
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FA93303FF8FAFA86" box="[1334,1794,1352,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FA93303FF8FAFA86" blockId="4.[1004,1799,1299,1865]" box="[1334,1794,1352,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
“
<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFCB4C00FAE2303FF8FAFA86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781770" box="[1351,1794,1352,1391]" country="India" location="Calcutta, &quot; Bengal" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
<location id="8EA3603FFFCB4C00FAE2303FF97FFA86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1C3147FAC6EFA6:8EA3603FFFCB4C00FAE2303FF97FFA86" box="[1351,1671,1352,1391]" country="India" name="Calcutta, &quot; Bengal" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Calcutta,” Bengal</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFCB4C00F93D303FF903FA86" box="[1688,1787,1352,1391]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">India</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FC54300AF93EFA30" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FC54300AF93EFA30" blockId="4.[1004,1799,1299,1865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FC54300AFA7AFA4D" authorityName="Hardwicke" authorityYear="1825" box="[1009,1410,1405,1444]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longimanus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FC54300AFA7AFA4D" box="[1009,1410,1405,1444]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Taphozous longimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in the subgenus
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FC5430C5FB50FA30" box="[1009,1192,1458,1497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FC5430C5FB5BFA30" box="[1009,1187,1458,1497]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Taphozous</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Four subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FC483090FA3CF7BA" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF03666CFFCB4C00FC483090FA3CF7BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747914" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747914/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" targetBox="[183,974,1305,1860]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FC483090F9FDF9E7" blockId="4.[1004,1799,1299,1865]" box="[1005,1541,1511,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
Subspecies
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FB6D3090F9FDF9E7" bold="true" box="[1224,1541,1511,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FC57336BFAE8F945" blockId="4.[1004,1799,1299,1865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
. l.
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FBE1336BF9AEF9AA" authority="Hardwicke, 1825" authorityName="Hardwicke" authorityYear="1825" box="[1092,1622,1564,1603]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longimanus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FBE1336BFAF6F9AA" box="[1092,1294,1564,1603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">longimanus</emphasis>
Hardwicke, 1825
</taxonomicName>
- Indian subcontinent (Nepal, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FC5733CDFB60F8FF" blockId="4.[1004,1799,1299,1865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FB8533CDFB1FF908" box="[1056,1255,1722,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">l albipinnis</emphasis>
Thomas, 1898 - Borneo and Labuan I.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FC543255FCE7F869" blockId="4.[1004,1799,1299,1865]" lastBlockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FB843255FB1BF8A0" box="[1057,1251,1826,1865]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">l. kampenii</emphasis>
Jentink, 1907 —Java, but distribution is not
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FE7A322EFDA1F869" box="[479,601,1881,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">clearly</emphasis>
delimited.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1B32FBFE8EF800" blockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF4E32FBFE26F85A" box="[235,478,1932,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">l. leucopleurus</emphasis>
Dobson, 1878 -
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FCBF32FBFC75F85A" box="[794,909,1932,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Flores</emphasis>
I, Lesser Sundas,
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FB4432FBFADAF85A" box="[1249,1314,1932,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">but</emphasis>
distribution is not clearly delimited.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1D3280FA3CF7BA" blockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Wide distribution from South Asia and Indochina to Greater and Lesser Sundas, but subspecies to which many of these populations belong are unknown.</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FF1C3D28FAE6F5C4" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1C3D28FAE6F5C4" blockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
Descriptive
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FE3C3D28FDFFF76F" bold="true" box="[409,519,2143,2182]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">notes.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FDBC3D28FD17F76F" box="[537,751,2143,2182]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Head-body</emphasis>
73-86 mm, tail 20-30 mm, ear c.20 mm, forearm 54— 63 mm. No specific data are available for hindfoot length or body weight. Dorsum of the Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat varies from reddish brown to black, sometimes speckled with white patches. In Thailand, females tend to be
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FB2D3D88FB2DF6CF" box="[1160,1237,2303,2342]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">gray</emphasis>
, and males tend to be brown. Chin is naked. Legs are
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FDD13C44FCFDF6B3" box="[628,773,2355,2394]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">covered</emphasis>
with short fur. Upper surface of wing and uropatagium membranes are furred to about one-half the length of humerus and femur. A well-developed gular pouch and radio-metacarpal pouches are present in males; females have only rudimentary fold on throat.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FD653CA6FCCDF611" box="[704,821,2513,2552]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Wings</emphasis>
are long,
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FC4E3CA6FB97F611" box="[1003,1135,2513,2552]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">narrow</emphasis>
, and whitish and attached at ankles. Tail tapers to narrow tip. Third finger is longer than forearm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FF1E3F4CFA3CF236" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1E3F4CFDFDF57F" blockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1E3F4CFEB2F58B" box="[187,330,2619,2658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Habitat</emphasis>
. Wide variety of habitats from arid areas to humid zones from sea level to elevations of C.1200 m.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1E3FD3FB04F522" blockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" box="[187,1276,2724,2763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1E3FD3FDE2F522" bold="true" box="[187,538,2724,2763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1E3FD3FDEBF522" box="[187,531,2724,2763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Diet includes beetles and cockroaches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1E3FAEF905F386" blockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1E3FAEFE93F4E9" bold="true" box="[187,363,2777,2816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1E3FAEFE9CF4E9" box="[187,356,2777,2816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Breeding</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bats are bom in midJanuary and mid-May. At Varanasi, India, spermatogenesis occurs in September, with appearance of spermatozoa. Spermatogenic arrest occurs in winter dormancy in December and is followed by a second peak of spermatogenesis inJanuary that coincides with ovulation in females. A third peak of spermatogenesis begins in late April, and tubules are found completely regressed after May. Cycle of accessory sex glands generally parallels testicular cycle, reaching maximum hypertrophy in September-January and again in late April. Thereafter, accessory sex glands are involuted. Spermatozoa are present in cauda epididymis throughout the year.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1F390AFE12F29F" blockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1F390AFE03F34D" bold="true" box="[186,507,3197,3236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat roosts in caves, tunnels, abandoned human structures (e.g. forts, dungeons, and wells), and hollows and crowns of trees including palms and banyan figs
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FC3E3991FB11F2E4" box="[923,1257,3302,3341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
{
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FC0F3991FB1BF2E4" box="[938,1251,3302,3341]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="benghalensis">Ficus benghalensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFCB4C00FB523991FA4AF2E4" box="[1271,1458,3302,3341]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
) and under large rocks and eaves of houses. It emerges from roosts very
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FB7D386DFACBF2A8" box="[1240,1331,3354,3393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">early</emphasis>
in the evening and flies fast as it forages.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF1938F3FA3CF236" blockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF1938F3FD11F242" bold="true" box="[188,745,3460,3499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Movements, Home range and</emphasis>
Social
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FCC838F3FB98F242" bold="true" box="[877,1120,3460,3499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">organization.</emphasis>
The Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat roosts alone or in colonies that can number hundreds of individuals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FF18389BFADCF002" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF18389BFADCF002" blockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF18389BFD72F1FA" bold="true" box="[189,650,3564,3603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF18389BFD7CF1FA" box="[189,644,3564,3603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FB40389BF9C8F1FA" box="[1253,1584,3564,3603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">The IUCN Red List.</emphasis>
The Longwinged Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population, occurs in protected reserves, and is tolerant of habitat modification. Although populations generally are thought to be stable, some scattered local populations might be decreasing. In South Asia, the Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat occurs in Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary inJharkhand and Kanha National Park in Madhya Pradesh, and it likely is present in most protected areas in peninsular India and many in
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F9E33A51F8FBF0A4" box="[1606,1795,3878,3917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">South-east</emphasis>
Asia. Additional studies are needed on
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FC363A2CFBB2F06B" box="[915,1098,3931,3970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">taxonomy</emphasis>
, distribution, abundance and population trends, reproduction, and ecology. Some populations might be threatened by roost disturbance,
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FE0E3AB3FDA3F002" box="[427,603,4036,4075]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">especially</emphasis>
from guano mining in South-east Asia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFCB4C00FF183A88FAC6EFA6" pageId="4" pageNumber="353" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFCB4C00FF183A88FAC6EFA6" blockId="4.[184,1799,1881,4175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FF183A88FE72EFF3" bold="true" box="[189,394,4095,4122]" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Bates &amp;
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FDBC3A88FD6AEFF3" box="[537,658,4095,4122]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Harrison</emphasis>
(1997), Bates, Harrison &amp; Muni (1994a, 1994b, 1994c), Brasset (1963),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00F9193A88F8F9EFF3" box="[1724,1793,4095,4122]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Khan</emphasis>
(2001), Molur et
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FE142543FE37EFA6" box="[433,463,4148,4175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">al.</emphasis>
(2002), Singh (1997), Srinivasulu &amp;
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFCB4C00FC782543FB80EFA6" box="[989,1144,4148,4175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="353">Srinivasulu</emphasis>
(2005, 2012).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink