461 lines
82 KiB
XML
461 lines
82 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="46ADB55E3572EBEE7FEF044E24C508D8">
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<mods:title id="680F01B611641DB472E60A4FDEC78685">Shallow-water brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Araçá Bay (Southeastern Brazil), with spatial distribution considerations</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1E370A9EC24647B5963998C3C166EF42" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="91C23AB6D28AEC4D720581EDF6ACF55E">Alitto, Renata A. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDEC0DA780BE7466E49E204FE01A1ACC">Bueno, Maristela L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="EA03459895610F5ACEFBD59DFC342A7A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CCD57FAEEC235E3869238F9CDB7D88BE">Guilherme, Pablo D. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F4294E1DBFB9D0DE93AF5C1801406174">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2262A63813FC6B05B05F71C98A081EBB">Domenico, Maikon Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF81752377245504437BAEDF8BD2B6F0">Christensen, Ana Beardsley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="189245D7298B9056170A0C3D32EEC443">Borges, Michela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="28D597702EB16CF76B148CD8CB886167">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="94285691524DA7855DA1AC7ADA376405">
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<mods:date id="FA16D70C554797AEE6FDD0F8CABFBCA4">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="42CC87DA991919B0781F1A7DF8FB50EC">2018-04-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E2BFFF40FE6C7CADB3848F12CF214FF9">4405</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5E59066D947E84F4495999B794FFBBDA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4405.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C3B82F9201C95607C8FB51FB083961" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5985162" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143478637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5985162" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C3B82F9201C95607C8FB51FB083961" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C3B82F9201C95607C8FB51FB083961" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C3705AB29201C95507C8FB51FF713AFF" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD509399201C95507C8FB51FDBF3A9E" blockId="45.[151,567,1183,1243]" box="[151,567,1183,1210]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D09DBE559201C95507C8FB51FDBF3A9E" bold="true" box="[151,567,1183,1210]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9201C95507C8FB51FDBF3A9E" authority="(Bosc, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[151,567,1183,1210]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
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<emphasis id="B91ED52B9201C95507C8FB51FDBF3A9E" bold="true" box="[151,567,1183,1210]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B91ED52B9201C95507C8FB51FE113A9D" bold="true" box="[151,409,1183,1209]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Hemipholis cordifera</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89201C95506F7FB6EFDA73A9E" author="Bosc, L. A. G." bookContentInfo="300 pp." box="[424,559,1184,1210]" journalOrPublisher="Chez Deterville, de l'imprimerie de Guilleminet, Paris" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref45280" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Chez Deterville, de l'imprimerie de Guilleminet, Paris, 300 pp." title="Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature" type="book" year="1802">Bosc, 1802</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD509399201C95507C8FB0CFF713AFF" blockId="45.[151,567,1183,1243]" box="[151,249,1218,1243]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135115BC9201C95507C0FB0CFF793AFF" box="[159,241,1218,1243]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3705AB29201C95507C8FAC4FDD2383A" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD509399201C95507C8FAC4FD183B07" blockId="45.[151,1437,1290,2035]" box="[151,656,1290,1315]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0203649201C95507C8FAC4FD183B07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1837440315" box="[151,656,1290,1315]" country="United States of America" location="South Carolina" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B91ED52B9201C95507C8FAC4FEBD3B07" bold="true" box="[151,309,1290,1315]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<typeStatus id="54D1B79B9201C95507C8FAC4FF5A3B07" box="[151,210,1290,1315]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB9201C9550663FAC4FE603B07" box="[316,488,1290,1315]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37D49A99201C95506ACFAC4FD043B07" box="[499,652,1290,1315]" name="United States of America" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">United States</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD509399201C9550798FAE0FD753B63" blockId="45.[151,1437,1290,2035]" box="[199,765,1326,1351]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B91ED52B9201C9550798FAE0FEF53B63" bold="true" box="[199,381,1326,1351]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Maximum size.</emphasis>
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dd up to
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<quantity id="4C92A4DC9201C95506B9FAE1FDBE3B62" box="[486,566,1327,1351]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89201C955051BFAE0FD783B63" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[580,752,1326,1351]" journalOrPublisher="Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 146" part="20" refId="ref54902" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1970) Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 20, 1 - 146." title="Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas" type="journal article" year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD509399201C9550798FA9CFDD2383A" blockId="45.[151,1437,1290,2035]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B91ED52B9201C9550798FA9CFE3A3B4F" bold="true" box="[199,434,1362,1387]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material examined.</emphasis>
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62 specimens (dd:
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<quantity id="4C92A4DC9201C95505CEFA9CFC933B4F" box="[657,795,1362,1387]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="8.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="8.9" valueMin="1.6">1.6–8.9 mm</quantity>
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) from subtidal: ZUEC OPH 2106, St. 34, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2107, St. 32, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2109, St. 34, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2191, St. 71, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2195, St. VII, 2 spms; ZUEC OPH 2203, St. XXII, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2215, St. XXI, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2246, St. XIX, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2251, St. XIX, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2266, St. 145, 13 spms; ZUEC OPH 2271, St. XXVI, 20 spms; ZUEC OPH 2306, St. XIX, 1 spm; ZUEC OPH 2329, St. 9H, 3 spms; ZUEC OPH 2338, St. 20H, 2 spms; ZUEC OPH 2355, St. XXXIV, 13 spms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3705AB29201C9560798F9E4FB4B3D1C" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD509399201C9550798F9E4FD58391B" blockId="45.[151,1437,1290,2035]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B91ED52B9201C9550798F9E4FED13867" bold="true" box="[199,345,1578,1603]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description.</emphasis>
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Disc: (dd:
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<quantity id="4C92A4DC9201C9550681F9E4FDB03867" box="[478,568,1578,1603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
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) circular, covered by well-developed scales, approximately 18 between the central primary plate and the edge of the disc. Primary radial plates rounded and evident. Radial shields acute proximally, 1.5 times as long as wide, half-circle meeting at distal tips and separated by three scales. Two spines at the outer edge of the radial shields (
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<figureCitation id="135115BC9201C955056FF958FD12388B" box="[560,666,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
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). Ventral interradius without scales (
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<figureCitation id="135115BC9201C9550366F958FB28388B" box="[1081,1184,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
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). Oral shields oval, as long as wide, with a wide angle proximally. Madreporite larger than other oral shields. Adoral shields wider distally, touching both at inner apex of the oral shield and above the first ventral arm plate, establishing a continuous border encircling the oral aperture and jaws. One lateral oral papilla spiniform. One apical papilla, straight distally and convex proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135115BC9201C9550502F8E8FD4C391B" box="[605,708,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD509399201C9550798F885FAFD398F" blockId="45.[151,1437,1290,2035]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Arms: dorsal arm plates semi-circular to half-circle, twice as wide as long, straight proximally, rounded distally and contiguous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135115BC9201C95506F1F8A0FDA539A3" box="[430,557,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16D,F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral arm plates hexagonal, as long as wide and contiguous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135115BC9201C9550251F8A0FA1839A3" box="[1294,1424,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16E,G</figureCitation>
|
||
). One elongated tentacle scale, half-length of one ventral arm plate. Three slender pointed arm spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135115BC9201C955025CF85CFAE0398F" box="[1283,1384,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD509399201C9560798F878FD523FAC" blockId="45.[151,1437,1290,2035]" lastBlockId="46.[151,1437,151,1861]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Lateral arm plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135115BC9201C95506FFF878FD9139EB" box="[416,537,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16H,I</figureCitation>
|
||
): general outline: ventral portion projecting ventro-proximalwards; ventro-distal tip not projecting ventralwards. Outer surface ornamentation: trabecular intersections protruding to form knobs larger than stereom pores on most of outer surface. Outer proximal edge: surface lined by discernible band of different stereom structure, restricted to central part; without spurs; central part protruding; surface without horizontal striations. Spine articulations: on same level as remaining outer surface, sizes all similar; distance between spine articulations increasing dorsalwards. Lobes simply separated, dorsal lobe clearly larger than the ventral lobe; lobes parallel, bent, and oriented nearly horizontal; stereom with perforations; sigmoidal fold absent. Inner side, ridges and knobs: clearly dominated by two separate central knobs; without additional dorsal structure on inner side; single large perforation on inner side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD509399202C9560798FE5AFB5B3C19" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Vertebrae: zygospondylous of universal
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1B79B9202C95605D2FE5BFD353F89" box="[653,701,405,429]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and keeled. Large groove on proximal side of vertebrae dorsally corresponding to distalwards projecting dorso-distal muscular fossae of distal side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135115BC9202C9560321FE79FB6C3FF4" box="[1150,1252,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Zygocondyles dorsalwards converging and zygosphene fused with pair of zygocondyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135115BC9202C9560484FE12FBCB3FD1" box="[987,1091,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorso-distal muscular fossae transformed distalwards clearly projecting beyond zygocondyles (true keel) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135115BC9202C9560349FE31FBF73C3C" box="[1046,1151,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Zygosphene projecting beyond ventral edge of zygocondyles with projecting part shorter than zygocondyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135115BC9202C9560305FDEAFB4E3C19" box="[1114,1222,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[234,1352,193,1586]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hemipholis cordifera ZUEC OPH 2203 (6.2 mm dd). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Detail of the oral view.(D)Detail of dorsalarm.(E)Detailof ventral arm.(F)Dorsal arm plate.(G)Ventral arm plate.(H-I) Lateralarm plate. (J) Vertebra—proximal surface. (K) Vertebra—distal surface. (L) Vertebra—dorsal surface. (M) Vertebra—ventral surface. Abbreviations: ads: adoral shields; ap: apical papilla; as: arm spine; cpp: central primary plate; d: dorsal; dap: dorsal arm plate; ddi: dorso-distal; ddmf: dorso-distal muscular fossae; di: distal; dk: distal keel; dp: dorso-proximal; ds: disc spine; lg: large groove; lop: lateral oral papilla; ma: madreporite; os: oral shields; p: proximal; pe: perforation; prp: primary radial plate; rs: radial shields; tn: tentacle notch; ts: tentacle scale; v: ventral; vap: ventral arm plate; vdi: ventro-distal; vi: ventral interradius; vp: ventro-proximal; zd: zygoscondyle; zp: zygosphene. Stereomicroscope photos: (A)–(E), scale bar equal to 0.5 mm. SEM photos: (F)–(M), scale bar equal to 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3098027/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16M</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD509399202C9560798FD89FB4B3D1C" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560798FD89FE513C44" bold="true" box="[199,473,583,608]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The vertebrae possess a dorsal distal keel, dorsal projections, and depressions connected by dorsal accessory muscles, which are also evident on the dorsal vertebral surface. The most recent taxonomic review conducted for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C956057EFD5FFCDC3C8C" authority="(Bosc, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[545,852,656,680]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C956057EFD5FFD383C8C" box="[545,688,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. cordifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956059AFD5EFCC43C8C" author="Bosc, L. A. G." bookContentInfo="300 pp." box="[709,844,656,680]" journalOrPublisher="Chez Deterville, de l'imprimerie de Guilleminet, Paris" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref45280" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Chez Deterville, de l'imprimerie de Guilleminet, Paris, 300 pp." title="Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature" type="book" year="1802">Bosc, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95604C8FD5FFB3D3C8C" authority="(Say, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[919,1205,655,680]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95604C8FD5FFBA93C8C" box="[919,1057,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560369FD5EFB253C8C" author="Say, T." box="[1078,1197,655,680]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Academy of natural sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="141 - 154" part="5" refId="ref53585" refString="Say, T. (1825) On the species of the Linnean genus Asterias inhabiting the coast of the United States. Journal of the Academy of natural sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 141 - 154." title="On the species of the Linnean genus Asterias inhabiting the coast of the United States" type="journal article" year="1825">Say, 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95603B4FD41FA143C8C" author="Hendler, G." box="[1259,1436,655,680]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="44 - 52" part="3048" refId="ref48483" refString="Hendler, G. (2011) New light on the nomenclature, taxonomy, and biology of Hemipholis species (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiactidae). Zootaxa, 3048, 44 - 52." title="New light on the nomenclature, taxonomy, and biology of Hemipholis species (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiactidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Hendler (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested synonymizing the two species as there are insufficient morphological features to keep them separate.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95602DEFD7BFF713CD4" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95602DEFD7BFF713CD4" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95606FEFD17FDC13CD4" box="[417,585,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C9560506FD17FD6C3CD4" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[601,740,728,752]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560506FD17FD6C3CD4" box="[601,740,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. cordifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95604DFFD17FC723CD4" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[896,1018,728,752]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95604DFFD17FC723CD4" box="[896,1018,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95603CFFD17FA823CD4" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[1168,1290,728,752]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95603CFFD17FA823CD4" box="[1168,1290,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has i) radial shields more constricted proximally, and ii) the basal ventral arm plates, particularly the second ventral arm plate, are relatively shorter and wider, and iii) the arm spines tend to be more tapered (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560347FCD1FB3F3D1C" author="Hendler, G." box="[1048,1207,799,824]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="44 - 52" part="3048" refId="ref48483" refString="Hendler, G. (2011) New light on the nomenclature, taxonomy, and biology of Hemipholis species (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiactidae). Zootaxa, 3048, 44 - 52." title="New light on the nomenclature, taxonomy, and biology of Hemipholis species (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiactidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Hendler 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3705AB29202C9560798FC8AFE843B71" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD509399202C9560798FC8AFE843B71" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560798FC8AFEB33D79" bold="true" box="[199,315,836,861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Some specimens were collected near the sewage outfall from Basic Sanitation Company of the State of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB9202C95607E9FCA6FEA13DA4" box="[182,297,871,896]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(SABESP). This was not considered unusual as this species is known to tolerate poorly oxygenated sediments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560649FC42FE7C3D81" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." bookContentInfo="390 pp." box="[278,500,908,933]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref48691" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400031568" title="Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean" type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560626FC43FE233D80" box="[377,427,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956055FFC42FCDA3D80" author="Christensen, A. B. & Colacino, J. M." box="[512,850,908,933]" journalOrPublisher="Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="201 - 213" part="127" refId="ref45914" refString="Christensen, A. B. & Colacino, J. M. (2000) Respiration in the burrowing brittlestar, Hemipholis elongata Say (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea): a study of the effects of environmental variables on oxygen uptake. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 127, 201 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1095 - 6433 (00) 00254 - 3" title="Respiration in the burrowing brittlestar, Hemipholis elongata Say (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea): a study of the effects of environmental variables on oxygen uptake" type="journal article" year="2000">Christensen & Colacino 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95604D4FC43FB9C3D80" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[907,1044,908,932]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95604D4FC43FB9C3D80" box="[907,1044,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. cordifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks bursae, its gas exchange and transport is achieved by circulation of the hemoglobin containing coelomocytes in its water vascular system (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95607C1FC1AFE623DC8" author="Beardsley, A. M. & J. M. Colacino" box="[158,490,980,1005]" editor="Mooi, R." journalOrPublisher="Balkema, Rotterdam" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="323 - 328" refId="ref44415" refString="Beardsley, A. M., & J. M. Colacino. (1998) System-wide oxygen transport by the water vascular system of the burrowing ophiuroid, Hemipholis elongata (Say). In: Mooi, R. & Telford, M. (Eds.), Echinoderms: San Francisco. Proceedings of the 9 th International Echinoderm Conference. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 323 - 328." title="System-wide oxygen transport by the water vascular system of the burrowing ophiuroid, Hemipholis elongata (Say)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Echinoderms: San Francisco. Proceedings of the 9 th International Echinoderm Conference" year="1998">Beardsley & Colacino 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This mode of oxygen transport and its insensitivity to sulfides may allow
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95602DEFC1BFF763A34" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95602DEFC1BFF763A34" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. cordifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to live in polluted environments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95605C5FC39FC733A34" author="Christensen, A. B. & Colacino, J. M." box="[666,1019,1015,1040]" journalOrPublisher="Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="201 - 213" part="127" refId="ref45914" refString="Christensen, A. B. & Colacino, J. M. (2000) Respiration in the burrowing brittlestar, Hemipholis elongata Say (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea): a study of the effects of environmental variables on oxygen uptake. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 127, 201 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 1095 - 6433 (00) 00254 - 3" title="Respiration in the burrowing brittlestar, Hemipholis elongata Say (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea): a study of the effects of environmental variables on oxygen uptake" type="journal article" year="2000">Christensen & Colacino 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560352FC36FADA3A34" author="Santos, M. F. L. & Pires-Vanin, A. M. S." box="[1037,1362,1015,1040]" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Oceanography" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="59 - 73" part="52" refId="ref53523" refString="Santos, M. F. L. & Pires-Vanin, A. M. S. (2004) Structure and dynamics of the macrobenthic communities of Ubatuba Bay, Southeastern Brazilian coast. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 52 (1), 59 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1679 - 87592004000100006" title="Structure and dynamics of the macrobenthic communities of Ubatuba Bay, Southeastern Brazilian coast" type="journal article" year="2004">Santos & Pires-Vanin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is detritivorous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95606F7FBD2FD3B3A11" author="Borges, M. & Amaral, A. C. Z." box="[424,691,1052,1077]" editor="Amaral, A. C. Z." journalOrPublisher="EdUSP, Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="237 - 272" refId="ref45027" refString="Borges, M. & Amaral, A. C. Z. (2005) Classe Ophiuroidea. In: Amaral, A. C. Z., Rizzo, A. E. & Arruda, E. P. (Eds.), Manual de identificacao dos invertebrados marinhos da regiao sudeste-sul do Brasil. EdUSP, Sao Paulo, pp. 237 - 272." title="Classe Ophiuroidea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Manual de identificacao dos invertebrados marinhos da regiao sudeste-sul do Brasil" year="2005">Borges & Amaral 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), tolerates reduced salinities, low temperatures, and high turbidity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95607C1FBF1FE323A7C" author="Sheridan, P. F. & Badger, A. C." box="[158,442,1087,1112]" journalOrPublisher="Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="337 - 347" part="13" refId="ref53624" refString="Sheridan, P. F. & Badger, A. C. (1981) Responses of experimental estuarine communities to continuous chlorination. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 13, 337 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0302 - 3524 (81) 80031 - X" title="Responses of experimental estuarine communities to continuous chlorination" type="journal article" year="1981">Sheridan & Badger 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560699FBF1FDEB3A7C" author="Hendler, G." box="[454,611,1087,1112]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="44 - 52" part="3048" refId="ref48483" refString="Hendler, G. (2011) New light on the nomenclature, taxonomy, and biology of Hemipholis species (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiactidae). Zootaxa, 3048, 44 - 52." title="New light on the nomenclature, taxonomy, and biology of Hemipholis species (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiactidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Hendler 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C9560529FB8FFD773A7C" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[630,767,1088,1112]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560529FB8FFD773A7C" box="[630,767,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. cordifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may occur in high densities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560316FBF1FB7F3A7C" author="Valentine, J. F." box="[1097,1271,1087,1112]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="597 - 605" part="48" refId="ref55071" refString="Valentine, J. F. (1991) Temporal variation in the populations of the brittle stars Hemipholis elongata (Say, 1825) and Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852) (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in Eastern Mississippi Sound. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 597 - 605." title="Temporal variation in the populations of the brittle stars Hemipholis elongata (Say, 1825) and Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852) (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in Eastern Mississippi Sound" type="journal article" year="1991">Valentine 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956025CFBF1FF5A3A59" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." bookContentInfo="390 pp." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref48691" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400031568" title="Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean" type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C956023BFB8FFA1D3A7C" box="[1380,1429,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is often found with the amphiurid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95605C2FBAAFC063A58" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[669,910,1124,1148]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Microphiopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95605C2FBAAFC063A58" box="[669,910,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Microphiopholis atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the ophiactid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C956033EFBAAFF533A84" authority="(Tommasi 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Tommasi" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiactis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C956033EFBAAFAAA3A58" box="[1121,1314,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ophiactis lymani</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956026DFBAAFF5B3A84" author="Tommasi, L. R." journalOrPublisher="Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 146" part="20" refId="ref54902" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1970) Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 20, 1 - 146." title="Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas" type="journal article" year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95607B9FB47FEE73A84" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[230,367,1160,1184]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95607B9FB47FEE73A84" box="[230,367,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. cordifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected in the present study with these species and with the amphiurids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C9560385FB46FA1C3ABB" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1242,1428,1160,1184]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="riisei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560385FB46FA1C3ABB" box="[1242,1428,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amphiodia riisei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95607C8FB62FE003AE0" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,392,1196,1220]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="januarii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95607C8FB62FE003AE0" box="[151,392,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amphipholis januarii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95606C6FB62FDE73AE0" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1872" box="[409,623,1196,1220]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95606C6FB62FDE73AE0" box="[409,623,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amphiura kinbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95605DFFB62FCD23AE0" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1907" box="[640,858,1196,1220]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95605DFFB62FCD23AE0" box="[640,858,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amphiura princeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95604C9FB62FB223AE0" baseAuthorityName="Ljungman" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[918,1194,1196,1220]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Microphiopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="subtilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95604C9FB62FB223AE0" box="[918,1194,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Microphiopholis subtilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95603E4FB63FACF3AE0" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1211,1351,1196,1220]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95603E4FB63FACF3AE0" box="[1211,1351,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. cordifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found on mud flats, oyster beds and sandy plains around coral reefs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95604C0FB01FBF53ACC" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." bookContentInfo="390 pp." box="[927,1149,1231,1256]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref48691" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400031568" title="Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean" type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C956035DFB1FFBBC3ACC" box="[1026,1076,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95603D6FB01FF5C3B28" author="Alvarado, J. J. & Solis-Marin, F. A." bookContentInfo="665 pp." journalOrPublisher="Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref43724" refString="Alvarado, J. J. & Solis-Marin, F. A. (2013) Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, 665 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 20051 - 9" title="Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America" type="book" year="2013">Alvarado & Solís-Marín 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is often found associated with the polychaete
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C9560455FB3BFB593B28" authority="(Ruppert & Fox 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Ruppert & Fox" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[778,1233,1268,1292]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Diopatra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cuprea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560455FB3BFC4E3B28" box="[778,966,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diopatra cuprea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956048AFB3AFB413B28" author="Ruppert, E. & Fox, R." bookContentInfo="429 pp." box="[981,1225,1268,1292]" journalOrPublisher="University of South Carolina Press, South Carolina" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref53481" refString="Ruppert, E. & Fox, R. (1988) Seashore Animals of the Southeast. A Guide to Common Shallow-water Invertebrates of the Southeastern Atlantic Coast. University of South Carolina Press, South Carolina, 429 pp." title="Seashore Animals of the Southeast. A Guide to Common Shallow-water Invertebrates of the Southeastern Atlantic Coast" type="book" year="1988">Ruppert & Fox 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C9560382FB3BFAE03B28" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1245,1384,1268,1292]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560382FB3BFAE03B28" box="[1245,1384,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">H. cordifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from sandy bottom (coarse and medium sand) and rubble bottom with dredge (90% of spms) and van Veen grab.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3705AB29202C9560798FA91FB083961" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD509399202C9560798FA91FA0C3869" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560798FA91FEE83B5C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1375,1400]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Temperate
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB9202C95606A4FA91FDE83B5C" box="[507,608,1375,1400]" country="Fiji" name="Northern" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Northern</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic (realm), Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic (province): Carolinian and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB9202C956061AFA4DFE223BB8" box="[325,426,1411,1436]" country="Fiji" name="Northern" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Northern</collectingRegion>
|
||
of Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB9202C9560574FA4DFD0C3BB8" box="[555,644,1411,1436]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D49A99202C9560574FA4DFD0C3BB8" box="[555,644,1411,1436]" name="Mexico" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Tropical Atlantic (realm), Tropical Northwestern Atlantic (province): Floridian to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB9202C956067FFA66FEFC3B9B" box="[288,372,1448,1471]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Eastern</collectingRegion>
|
||
Caribbean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95606A4FA68FD5E3B9B" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." bookContentInfo="390 pp." box="[507,726,1446,1471]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref48691" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400031568" title="Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean" type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560502FA66FD053B9B" box="[605,653,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95605BEFA66FCF33B9B" author="Pomory, C. M." box="[737,891,1447,1472]" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Journal of Science, Special Publication" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 42" part="10" refId="ref53197" refString="Pomory, C. M. (2007) Key to the common shallow-water brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science, Special Publication, 10, 1 - 42." title="Key to the common shallow-water brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea" type="journal article" year="2007">Pomory 2007</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95604D9FA68FB053B9B" author="Miloslavich, P. & Diaz, J. M. & Klein, E. & Alvarado, J. J. & Diaz, C. & Gobin, J. & Escobar-Briones, E. & Cruz-Motta, J. J. & Weil, E. & Cortes, J." box="[902,1165,1446,1471]" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="11916" part="5" refId="ref51614" refString="Miloslavich, P., Diaz, J. M., Klein, E., Alvarado, J. J., Diaz, C., Gobin, J., Escobar-Briones, E., Cruz-Motta, J. J., Weil, E. & Cortes, J. (2010) Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns. PLoS ONE, 5, e 11916. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0011916" title="Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Miloslavich
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<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C956034DFA66FBCB3B9B" box="[1042,1091,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
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. 2010
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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); Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (province): Northeastern and
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<collectingRegion id="49AEC7DB9202C956051DFA05FD1E3BC6" box="[578,662,1483,1506]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Eastern</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D49A99202C95605C2FA04FD693BC7" box="[669,737,1482,1507]" name="Brazil" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95605B0FA04FC313BC7" author="Lima-Verde, J. S." box="[751,953,1482,1507]" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="9 - 13" part="9" refId="ref50005" refString="Lima-Verde, J. S. (1969) Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos equinodermas do nordeste brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar, 9, 9 - 13." title="Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos equinodermas do nordeste brasileiro" type="journal article" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956049AFA04FB483BC7" author="Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S." box="[965,1216,1482,1507]" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="61 - 65" part="9" refId="ref50751" refString="Magalhaes, W. F., Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S. (2005) Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 9, 61 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 9 n 1. p 61 - 65" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Magalhães
|
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<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C956031AFA05FBFE3BC6" box="[1093,1142,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
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. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560395FA05FA1F3BC7" author="Manso, C. L. C. & Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R." box="[1226,1431,1482,1507]" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="179 - 196" part="8" refId="ref51159" refString="Manso, C. L. C., Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R. (2008) Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, 8, 179 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000300017" title="Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil)" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Manso
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560242FA05FAC63BC6" box="[1309,1358,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
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. 2008
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95607C8FA23FE0E3822" author="Oliveira, J. P. & Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C." box="[151,390,1517,1542]" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Plena" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 14" part="6" refId="ref52550" refString="Oliveira, J. P., Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C. (2010) Inventario da colecao de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Prof °. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Scientia Plena, 6, 1 - 14." title="Inventario da colecao de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Prof °. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
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Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95607A0FA21FEBD3822" box="[255,309,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Temperate South America (realm), Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic (province): Southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D49A99202C956066FF9DFFEFC380E" box="[304,372,1553,1578]" name="Brazil" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95606DBF9DFFDBB380E" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[388,563,1553,1578]" journalOrPublisher="Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 146" part="20" refId="ref54902" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1970) Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 20, 1 - 146." title="Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas" type="journal article" year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956051FF9DCFCDA380E" author="Manso, C. L. C. & Absalao, R. S." box="[576,850,1553,1578]" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="75 - 82" part="48" refId="ref51105" refString="Manso, C. L. C. & Absalao, R. S. (1988) Ophiuroidea: Situacao Pre Operacional nos sacos de Piraquara, regiao sob influencia da descarga da Central Nuclear Almirante Alvaro Alberto (CNAAA). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 48, 75 - 82." title="Ophiuroidea: Situacao Pre Operacional nos sacos de Piraquara, regiao sob influencia da descarga da Central Nuclear Almirante Alvaro Alberto (CNAAA)" type="journal article" year="1988">Manso & Absalão 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956043FF9DFFB88380E" author="Absalao, R. S." box="[864,1024,1553,1578]" journalOrPublisher="Ophelia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="133 - 143" part="31" refId="ref43499" refString="Absalao, R. S. (1990) Ophiuroid assemblages off the Lagoa dos Patos outlet, southern Brazil. Ophelia, 31, 133 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1990.10430857" title="Ophiuroid assemblages off the Lagoa dos Patos outlet, southern Brazil" type="journal article" year="1990">Absalão 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560352F9DFFA9F380E" author="Pires-Vanin, A. M. S. & Corbisier, T. N. & Arasaki, E. & Moellmann, A. M." box="[1037,1303,1553,1578]" journalOrPublisher="Relatorios Tecnicos do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="29 - 46" part="41" refId="ref53085" refString="Pires-Vanin, A. M. S., Corbisier, T. N., Arasaki, E. & Moellmann, A. M. (1997) Composicao e distribuicao espaco-temporal da fauna bentica no Canal de Sao Sebastiao. Relatorios Tecnicos do Instituto Oceanografico, 41, 29 - 46." title="Composicao e distribuicao espaco-temporal da fauna bentica no Canal de Sao Sebastiao" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Pires-Vanin
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95603C7F9DCFB43380D" box="[1176,1227,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956027CF9DFFEC93869" author="Capitoli, R. R. & Monteiro, A. M. G." journalOrPublisher="Atlantica" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="41 - 56" part="22" refId="ref45642" refString="Capitoli, R. R. & Monteiro, A. M. G. (2000) Distribuicao e abundancia de ofiuroides na plataforma interna do extremo sul do Brasil. Atlantica, 22, 41 - 56." title="Distribuicao e abundancia de ofiuroides na plataforma interna do extremo sul do Brasil" type="journal article" year="2000">Capítoli & Monteiro 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560612F9FAFD003869" author="Capitoli, R. R. & Bemvenuti, C. E." box="[333,648,1588,1613]" journalOrPublisher="Atlantica" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="27 - 43" part="26" refId="ref45597" refString="Capitoli, R. R. & Bemvenuti, C. E. (2004) Distribuicao batimetrica e variacoes de diversidade dos macroinvertebrados bentonicos da plataforma continental e talude superior no extremo sul do Brasil. Atlantica, 26, 27 - 43." title="Distribuicao batimetrica e variacoes de diversidade dos macroinvertebrados bentonicos da plataforma continental e talude superior no extremo sul do Brasil" type="journal article" year="2004">Capítoli & Bemvenuti 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95605CBF9FBFC143869" author="Borges, M. & Amaral, A. C. Z." box="[660,924,1588,1613]" editor="Amaral, A. C. Z." journalOrPublisher="EdUSP, Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="237 - 272" refId="ref45027" refString="Borges, M. & Amaral, A. C. Z. (2005) Classe Ophiuroidea. In: Amaral, A. C. Z., Rizzo, A. E. & Arruda, E. P. (Eds.), Manual de identificacao dos invertebrados marinhos da regiao sudeste-sul do Brasil. EdUSP, Sao Paulo, pp. 237 - 272." title="Classe Ophiuroidea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Manual de identificacao dos invertebrados marinhos da regiao sudeste-sul do Brasil" year="2005">Borges & Amaral 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95604F7F9FBFBE03869" author="Netto, L. F. & Hadel, V. F. & Tiago, C. G." box="[936,1128,1588,1613]" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="207 - 218" part="53" refId="ref52099" refString="Netto, L. F., Hadel, V. F. & Tiago, C. G. (2005) Echinodermata from Sao Sebastiao Channel (Sao Paulo, Brazil). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53, 207 - 218." title="Echinodermata from Sao Sebastiao Channel (Sao Paulo, Brazil)" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Netto
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95604B2F9FBFB963869" box="[1005,1054,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956032DF9FAFAF03869" author="Pires-Vanin, A. M. S. & Muniz, P. & Bromberg, S." box="[1138,1400,1588,1613]" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="795 - 807" part="10" refId="ref53140" refString="Pires-Vanin, A. M. S., Muniz, P. & Bromberg, S. (2014) Inventory of the marine soft bottom macrofauna of Sao Sebastiao Channel, southeastern Brazilian continental shelf. Check List, 10, 795 - 807. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 10.4.795" title="Inventory of the marine soft bottom macrofauna of Sao Sebastiao Channel, southeastern Brazilian continental shelf" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Pires-Vanin
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95603A3F9FBFAA43869" box="[1276,1324,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD509399202C9560798F997FD6538B7" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
From intertidal up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C92A4DC9202C95606E4F996FE7D3854" box="[443,501,1624,1649]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560514F996FCD23855" author="Borges, M. & Amaral, A. C. Z." box="[587,858,1624,1649]" editor="Amaral, A. C. Z." journalOrPublisher="EdUSP, Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="237 - 272" refId="ref45027" refString="Borges, M. & Amaral, A. C. Z. (2005) Classe Ophiuroidea. In: Amaral, A. C. Z., Rizzo, A. E. & Arruda, E. P. (Eds.), Manual de identificacao dos invertebrados marinhos da regiao sudeste-sul do Brasil. EdUSP, Sao Paulo, pp. 237 - 272." title="Classe Ophiuroidea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Manual de identificacao dos invertebrados marinhos da regiao sudeste-sul do Brasil" year="2005">Borges & Amaral 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560439F996FB373854" author="Alvarado, J. J. & Solis-Marin, F. A." bookContentInfo="665 pp." box="[870,1215,1624,1649]" journalOrPublisher="Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref43724" refString="Alvarado, J. J. & Solis-Marin, F. A. (2013) Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, 665 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 20051 - 9" title="Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America" type="book" year="2013">Alvarado & Solís-Marín 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present study samples occurred at depths ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4C92A4DC9202C9560539F9B2FD6138B7" box="[614,745,1659,1684]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="15.25" valueMax="21.5" valueMin="9.0">9 to 21.5 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD509399202C9560798F951FB083961" blockId="46.[151,1437,151,1861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560798F951FE3E389C" bold="true" box="[199,438,1695,1720]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Selected references.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956069DF96EFDD83893" author="Bosc, L. A. G." bookContentInfo="300 pp." box="[450,592,1695,1719]" journalOrPublisher="Chez Deterville, de l'imprimerie de Guilleminet, Paris" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref45280" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Chez Deterville, de l'imprimerie de Guilleminet, Paris, 300 pp." title="Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature" type="book" year="1802">Bosc (1802)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 138 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95605B7F951FC3F3893" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" box="[744,951,1695,1719]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95605B7F951FC3F3893" box="[744,951,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Asterias cordifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C956048BF96EFBF5389C" author="Lyman, T." bookContentInfo="203 pp." box="[980,1149,1695,1720]" journalOrPublisher="University Press: Welch, Bigelow, & Company, Cambridge" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref50591" refString="Lyman, T. (1865) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. University Press: Welch, Bigelow, & Company, Cambridge, 203 pp." title="Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae" type="book" year="1865">Lyman (1865)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 137, P
|
||
<date id="FFD42FF99202C956025FF951FAA33893" box="[1280,1323,1695,1719]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">1. I.</date>
|
||
fig. 1–3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95607C8F90CFECD38FF" author="Hendler, G." box="[151,325,1730,1755]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="44 - 52" part="3048" refId="ref48483" refString="Hendler, G. (2011) New light on the nomenclature, taxonomy, and biology of Hemipholis species (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiactidae). Zootaxa, 3048, 44 - 52." title="New light on the nomenclature, taxonomy, and biology of Hemipholis species (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiactidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Hendler (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 45, fig. 1a–c [as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C9560578F90DFC9E38FF" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[551,790,1731,1755]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cordifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560578F90DFC9E38FF" box="[551,790,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hemipholis cordifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560471F90CFC5738FF" author="Thomas, L. P." box="[814,991,1730,1755]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="623 - 694" part="12" refId="ref54585" refString="Thomas, L. P. (1962) The shallow water amphiurid brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 12, 623 - 694." title="The shallow water amphiurid brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) of Florida" type="journal article" year="1962">Thomas (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 686, fig. 22;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95603CBF90CFAC638FF" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1172,1358,1730,1755]" journalOrPublisher="Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 146" part="20" refId="ref54902" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1970) Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 20, 1 - 146." title="Os ofiuroides recentes do Brasil e de regioes vizinhas" type="journal article" year="1970">Tommasi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 20, fig. 12–13;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560647F928FD8838DB" author="Albuquerque, M. N." bookContentInfo="409 pp." box="[280,512,1766,1791]" journalOrPublisher="Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref43538" refString="Albuquerque, M. N. (1986) Ophiuroidea Gray, 1840 (Echinodermata) da plataforma continental do norte e nordeste brasileiro. Phd thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 409 pp." title="Ophiuroidea Gray, 1840 (Echinodermata) da plataforma continental do norte e nordeste brasileiro" type="book" year="1986">Albuquerque (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 160, fig. 26a–c;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560585F928FC1038DB" author="Monteiro, A. M. G." bookContentInfo="166 pp." box="[730,920,1766,1791]" journalOrPublisher="Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref51774" refString="Monteiro, A. M. G. (1987) Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) da regiao de Ubatuba (SP) - Aspectos morfologicos e ecologicos. Phd thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 166 pp." title="Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) da regiao de Ubatuba (SP) - Aspectos morfologicos e ecologicos" type="book" year="1987">Monteiro (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 22, fig. 1a–d;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560307F928FACE38DB" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." bookContentInfo="390 pp." box="[1112,1350,1766,1791]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref48691" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400031568" title="Sea stars, sea urchins, and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean" type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
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<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95603E7F929FB6038DA" box="[1208,1256,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (1995)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 143, fig. 66;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95607B1F8C4FD803906" author="Borges, M. & Amaral, A. C. Z." box="[238,520,1801,1826]" editor="Amaral, A. C. Z." journalOrPublisher="EdUSP, Sao Paulo" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="237 - 272" refId="ref45027" refString="Borges, M. & Amaral, A. C. Z. (2005) Classe Ophiuroidea. In: Amaral, A. C. Z., Rizzo, A. E. & Arruda, E. P. (Eds.), Manual de identificacao dos invertebrados marinhos da regiao sudeste-sul do Brasil. EdUSP, Sao Paulo, pp. 237 - 272." title="Classe Ophiuroidea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Manual de identificacao dos invertebrados marinhos da regiao sudeste-sul do Brasil" year="2005">Borges & Amaral (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 248, fig. a–c;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C9560598F8C4FC2B3906" author="Manso, C. L. C. & Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R." box="[711,931,1801,1826]" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="179 - 196" part="8" refId="ref51159" refString="Manso, C. L. C., Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R. (2008) Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil). Biota Neotropica, 8, 179 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032008000300017" title="Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil)" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Manso
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C9560445F8C4FCC33905" box="[794,843,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 186, fig. 13a–c [as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95603FEF8C7FA033905" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1185,1419,1801,1825]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Hemipholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95603FEF8C7FA033905" box="[1185,1419,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hemipholis elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95607C8F8E3FEA53961" author="Ayres, W. O." box="[151,301,1836,1861]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings Boston Society Natural History" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="133 - 135" part="4" refId="ref44174" refString="Ayres, W. O. (1852) An account of the structure of the Ophiuridae and a description and drawings of a new species belonging to the genus Ophiolepis. Proceedings Boston Society Natural History, 4, 133 - 135." title="An account of the structure of the Ophiuridae and a description and drawings of a new species belonging to the genus Ophiolepis" type="journal article" year="1852">Ayres (1852)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 250 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95606F3F8E3FD183961" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1852" box="[428,656,1837,1861]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95606F3F8E3FD183961" box="[428,656,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ophiolepis uncinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB74C89202C95605F7F8E3FCA03961" author="Say, T." box="[680,808,1836,1861]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Academy of natural sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="141 - 154" part="5" refId="ref53585" refString="Say, T. (1825) On the species of the Linnean genus Asterias inhabiting the coast of the United States. Journal of the Academy of natural sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 141 - 154." title="On the species of the Linnean genus Asterias inhabiting the coast of the United States" type="journal article" year="1825">Say (1825)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 146 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A72BA9202C95604F8F8E3FBE73961" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1825" box="[935,1135,1837,1861]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91ED52B9202C95604F8F8E3FBE73961" box="[935,1135,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ophiura elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |