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<document id="616B94504FDE4B33DD71E44BA512ADBE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3989.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6659f502-4940-4db3-aeb3-0bcc1d93932b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238716" ID-ZooBank="9BCFFC47-43D1-47B8-BA56-70A129E6A63F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461265301257" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Xing, Wang, Min, Zolotuhin, Vadim V., Hirowatari, Toshiya, Wu, Shipher &amp; Huang, Guo-Hua" docDate="2015" docId="03BB102DFFBECE18A2B51899F403A2EF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03989p138.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3989 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bombyx mandarina Moore 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF826855FFB6CE11A2221D23F769A430" masterDocTitle="The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698610489227" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="A4BECFCA08EB13466C91A5ED00103547" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A18EB714DF7527534284C7D2747790C3">
<mods:title id="B12D167DF30DC5C37478D57A7BEE90F9">The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="45321C89CD31B043095232D54622A072" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8F97C4A6981C5148D32610A5A3863D3F">
<mods:roleTerm id="697873B6C64B6B460AB276208A7E5C9B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="28FDBAC4448761ED7E28F84EF25A59AD">Wang, Xing</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B4BEE29A3C0B46FA7E945AC1F0A19C8A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="092F07DD58C5531F141AE8FD252A205F">Wang, Min</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1F4F7287EC261062BE8C5F0FC11CFE66" type="personal">
<mods:role id="74CB7FF06A834FF070C65714FEB750E2">
<mods:roleTerm id="DB1172BD5588282CC5771800F8C80AD9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B51C22F26644E290ACA56B18F2C75D84">Zolotuhin, Vadim V.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="34B3D8DF2D62647746547CF8952E580B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="004DD5DBEFF595A07C1F591FCDE77D5C">
<mods:roleTerm id="E601C7DF542E2B3A9ACBAD5765E3F428">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A32C276FA6CE6ACA84172869A63CA564">Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="53B349711F39EC471062F5E7987615D1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CF15C0C58D7F1F27DEDC8F0B86C00769">
<mods:roleTerm id="14A985DF4AB45A51226356F3623DF7C1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EBC43CA519728B20F0423EB39ED160B0">Wu, Shipher</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="079FDB44E1632BED356DFC03E4E438C5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="522CE6DDD62106D7BDF63393B3139173">
<mods:roleTerm id="7C557526A6DB6DA5A9C95636AADF58EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="952F2468C97EFC194104D675CCA9360F">Huang, Guo-Hua</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="352B4577D158AE005962CA4758AB2CFC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1C86C2B51A7784EAADD142AC8257A4B4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="16A2F9219B927546002E3A824124645E">
<mods:date id="9E8425824329D6EEAD18CF099CA903DF">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="09EA09058B8F900BC155873769D153E1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BB9E1E53991791E2D04129951B7B4FEF">3989</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9506D43171C42F650F8C84607A9FC27F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="722608059C81F3D328305CE2D6112003">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EBED5A74D143EBE02B94366FF85B7BBC">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7E45ED53E615A897FDCCA5628540596D">138</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="B4B0CCE656C566BCA4D60AAF1274BCCE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F165EEA5599032B8939DCDAC7BCE9018" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3989.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A6792958A90910C14140D43D4E7D3A5A" type="GBIF-Dataset">6659f502-4940-4db3-aeb3-0bcc1d93932b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1858F8D3EB57005B2D9CF1E90EDDF783" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F0F6D1B7F7C4F681765CBF2D09C2B705" type="Zenodo-Dep">238716</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3326514EF11B5C61D8A1855C553BBC13" type="ZooBank">9BCFFC47-43D1-47B8-BA56-70A129E6A63F</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB102DFFBECE18A2B51899F403A2EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115885" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB102DFFBECE18A2B51899F403A2EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB102DFFBECE18A2B51899F403A2EF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFBECE19A2B51899F4AEA1E3" box="[151,967,1466,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFBECE19A2B51899F4AEA1E3" blockId="8.[151,967,1466,1491]" box="[151,967,1466,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0E51657FFBECE19A2B51899F4AEA1E3" bold="true" box="[151,967,1466,1491]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
<keyLead id="30E3020EFFBECE19A2B51899F4AEA1E3" box="[151,967,1466,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A2B51899F4AEA1E3" bold="true" box="[151,967,1466,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<key id="FF83F60AFFBECE19A2B51899F4AEA1E3" box="[151,967,1466,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="30E6B99EFFBECE19A2B51899F4AEA1E3" box="[151,967,1466,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
2.
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBECE19A2911899F52EA1E3" ID-CoL="93VSN" authority="Moore, 1872" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1872" box="[179,583,1466,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Bombyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandarina">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A2911899F6F0A1E3" bold="true" box="[179,409,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bombyx mandarina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF83DCCAFFBECE19A3851899F557A1E3" author="Moore" box="[423,574,1466,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Moore, F. (1872) Descriptions of new Indian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 555 - 586." type="proceedings paper" year="1872">Moore, 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1329BDBEFFBECE19A0771899F58EA1E3" box="[597,743,1466,1491]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[203,1375,200,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[158,1428,173,1910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults of Bombyx spp. A. B. mori, male (from artificial feeding in Guangzhou); B. B. mori, female (from artificial feeding in Guangzhou); C. B. mandarina formosana, male holotype of B. formosana Mats. (Taiwan); D. B. mandarina, male (Sichuan); E. B. lemeepauli, female (Hubei); F. B. lemeepauli, male (Guangxi); G. B. huttoni, male (Guangdong); H. B. huttoni, female (Guangdong)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238717/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 1</figureCitation>
C–1D, 2A–2C, 3D)
</keyStep>
</key>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFBECE19A2B51B21F4C1A244" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFBECE19A2B51B21F5D4A207" blockId="8.[151,1436,1538,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBECE19A2B51B21F691A228" ID-CoL="93VSN" authority="Moore, 1872" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,504,1538,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Bombyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandarina">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A2B51B21F60BA228" box="[151,354,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bombyx mandarina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83DCCAFFBECE19A34C1B20F691A228" author="Moore" box="[366,504,1538,1560]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Moore, F. (1872) Descriptions of new Indian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 555 - 586." type="proceedings paper" year="1872">Moore, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A0251B20F55EA228" box="[519,567,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Proc</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A06B1B21F51EA228" box="[585,631,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Zool</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A0AB1B20F5C4A228" box="[649,685,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Soc</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A0E21B21F59DA228" box="[704,756,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lond</emphasis>
. 1872: 576, pl. XXXIII, fig. 5. TL: [
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBECE19A6AE1B21F3A4A228" box="[1164,1229,1538,1560]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
] &quot;Neighborhood of Shanghai&quot;.
<typeStatus id="54A91F99FFBECE19A31E1B02F6F7A207" box="[316,414,1569,1591]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male (BMNH) [examined].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFBECE19A2B51B63F4C1A244" blockId="8.[151,1436,1538,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBECE19A2B51B63F5DDA266" authority="Matsumura, 1927" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,692,1600,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Theophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandarina" subSpecies="formosana">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A2B51B63F699A266" box="[151,496,1600,1622]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Theophila mandarina formosana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83DCCAFFBECE19A3D81B62F5DDA266" author="Matsumura" box="[506,692,1600,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Matsumura, S. (1927) New species and subspecies of moths from the Japanese Empire. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo, 19 (1), 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1927">Matsumura, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A0E11B62F363A266" box="[707,1034,1600,1622]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">J. Coll. Agric. Hokkaido Univ.</emphasis>
19: 51, pl. V, fig. 47. TL: &quot;
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBECE19A7631B63F2F5A266" box="[1345,1436,1600,1622]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Formosa</collectingCountry>
(Horisha)&quot; (=
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBECE19A36F1B7DF6F4A244" box="[333,413,1630,1652]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="54A91F99FFBECE19A38C1B7DF579A244" box="[430,528,1630,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male (Sapporo University) [examined].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFBECE18A2B51BBFF514A1D4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFBECE19A2B51BBFF7B4A310" blockId="8.[151,1437,1692,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A2B51BBFF678A285" bold="true" box="[151,273,1692,1717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBECE19A02F1BBEF5CEA285" box="[525,679,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Theophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandarina">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A02F1BBEF5CEA285" box="[525,679,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. mandarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBECE19A1881BBEF497A284" box="[938,1022,1693,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mori">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A1881BBEF497A284" box="[938,1022,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. mori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the species can be distinguished the latter by the following characters: body and wings brown or reddish brown; forewing with a dark crescentshaped apical spot, medial line broad and arched; postmedial lines almost straight; submarginal line edged with white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFBECE18A2E51A0FF2F3A0F4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1692,2005]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A2E51A0FF6A4A375" bold="true" box="[199,461,1836,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBECE19A3F91A0FF559A375" box="[475,560,1836,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus id="54A91F99FFBECE19A0611A0FF5CCA375" box="[579,677,1836,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBECE19A0FB1A0FF43DA375" box="[729,852,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Theophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandarina">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A0FB1A0FF43DA375" box="[729,852,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mandarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Shanghai, N.
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBECE19A6321A0FF33AA375" box="[1040,1107,1836,1861]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">China</collectingCountry>
(BMNH);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBECE19A6FC1A0FF25AA375" box="[1246,1331,1836,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus id="54A91F99FFBECE19A7641A0EF21FA375" box="[1350,1398,1837,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBECE19A2B51A73F666A358" box="[151,271,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">formosana</emphasis>
, det. Matsumura,
<typeStatus id="54A91F99FFBECE19A3DE1A73F55EA358" box="[508,567,1872,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
, Matsumura, Baibara,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBECE19A1771A6CF4B7A358" box="[853,990,1871,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1925-07-22">22.VII.1925</date>
(Sapporo University); [ZHEJIANG] Longquan City:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBECE19A37A1A57F6C5A3BD" box="[344,428,1908,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Mt. Huangmaojian,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBECE19A0851A57F423A3BC" box="[679,842,1908,1932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" metricValueMax="1.88" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1640.0" valueMax="1880.0" valueMin="1400.0">1400–1880 m</quantity>
, March to middle
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBECE19A6091A57F3C4A3BC" box="[1067,1197,1908,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2000-04">April 2000</date>
, J. Li leg. (MWM); [
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBECE19A2BF1ABBF679A380" box="[157,272,1944,1968]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
] Yilan County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBECE19A3E21ABBF567A380" box="[448,526,1943,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBECE19A03A1AB4F5C4A380" box="[536,685,1943,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1936-08-10">10.VIII.1936</date>
, Taiheizan (Mt. Taiping), 24˚29’N, 121˚31’E, E. &amp; S. Asahina leg., Syoziro Asahina’s collection, donation, 1998 (NSMT);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBECE19A1071A9FF4E7A3E5" box="[805,910,1980,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Fushan Botanic Garden,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBECE19A6E71A9FF27AA3E4" box="[1221,1299,1980,2005]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBECE19A7071A9FF2F1A3E4" box="[1317,1432,1980,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2011-06-09">9.VI.2011</date>
, Shipher Wu &amp; Wei-Chung Chang leg. (TFRI); Nantou County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A1401DBBF4D9A480" box="[866,944,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Aowanda,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A6171DBBF3E2A49F" box="[1077,1163,152,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A6B51DBBF262A480" box="[1175,1291,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-11-08">8.XI.2012</date>
, Shipher Wu &amp; Wei-Chun Chang leg. (TFRI); Pingtung County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A0D21D9FF42BA4E5" box="[752,834,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Nanrenshan,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A1CA1D9FF303A4E5" box="[1000,1130,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2013-09-25">25.IX.2013</date>
. Jing-Fu Tsai leg. (TFRI); Taitung County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A3751DC3F6D5A4C8" box="[343,444,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A3EA1DFCF56BA4C8" box="[456,514,223,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
west of Chipen,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A0E41DFCF479A4C7" box="[710,784,223,248]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A13F1DFCF4D5A4C8" box="[797,956,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1997-05-15" valueMax="1997-05-16" valueMin="1997-05-15">15–16.V.1997</date>
, Gy. M. Laszlo &amp; G. Laszlo leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A2B51C27F664A52D" box="[151,269,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">138 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A36C1C27F6A4A52D" box="[334,461,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">28 females</specimenCount>
from different counties of
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBFCE18A1301C27F40DA52D" box="[786,868,260,285]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(Taitung, Taoyuan, Ping-Tung, Kaoshiung, Ilan, Nantou) (MWM); [HENAN] Xinyang City:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A0BE1C0BF590A570" box="[668,761,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, Dabie Shan,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A1BD1C04F493A50F" box="[927,1018,295,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A62B1C04F33DA570" box="[1033,1108,295,320]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
south of Shou-Man village, 31˚33’N, 114˚48’E,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A3A61C6FF52AA554" box="[388,579,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2000-09">September 2000</date>
, local collector leg. (MWM); [HUBEI] Huanggang City:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A6D01C6FF224A555" box="[1266,1357,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A7AC1C6FF78FA5B8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Tapieh Shan (Mt. Dabieshan),
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A06D1C53F454A5B8" box="[591,829,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-06" valueMax="1999-08-31" valueMin="1999-06-00">June to August 1999</date>
, J. Li leg. (MWM); Shiyan City:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A6991C53F263A5B8" box="[1211,1290,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Mt. Niutou,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A2B51CB7F79AA59C" box="[151,243,404,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A3261CB7F6F5A59C" box="[260,412,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2000-08">August 2000</date>
, local collector leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A1241CB7F40DA59D" box="[774,868,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, Mt. Wudangshan,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A66F1CB7F3C0A59C" box="[1101,1193,404,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
, 32˚16’N, 110˚57’E, summer 2000, local collector leg. (MWM); Fangxian County:
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBFCE18A1B01C94F487A5E0" box="[914,1006,439,464]" name="Serbia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Heishan</collectingCountry>
Mt.,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A6191C9BF3BFA5E0" box="[1083,1238,440,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1998-08">August 1998</date>
, Li leg., via A. Schintlmeister,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A3681CFFF56DA5C4" box="[330,516,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2000-11">
November
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A3EE1CFFF56DA5C4" box="[460,516,476,500]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="2000.0">2000</quantity>
</date>
in W. A. Nassig’s collection; [HUNAN] Taoyuan County (Wuyunjie National NR):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A2F81F23F645A628" box="[218,300,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A3191CDCF6B9A628" box="[315,464,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-08-26">26.VIII.2008</date>
, Guo-Hua Liu leg. (HUNAU); Dong’an County (Shunhuangshan National Park): 1 larva on
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A3211F06F6D3A60D" box="[259,442,548,573]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A3211F06F6D3A60D" box="[259,442,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Morus australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, bred, adult emerged
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A0E31F07F416A60C" box="[705,895,548,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-09">September 2008</date>
, Liu-Sheng Chen &amp; Min Wang leg. (SCAU); [GUANGXI] Fangchenggang City (Shiwandashan National NR):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A15E1F6BF4BCA650" box="[892,981,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A1C31F6BF341A650" box="[993,1064,583,608]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
southwest of Nanping town,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A7501F6BF7C6A6B4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
, 21˚43’N, 107˚32’E,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A3921F4FF522A6B4" box="[432,587,620,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2003-04-01" valueMax="2003-04-14" valueMin="2003-04-01">1–14.IV.2003</date>
, Siniaev &amp; local collector leg. (MWM); [SHAANXI] Xi’an City (Mts. Qinling):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A3291FB3F636A698" box="[267,351,655,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A3531FACF6A6A697" box="[369,463,655,680]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850 m</quantity>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A3C31FB3F546A698" box="[481,559,655,680]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
south of Xi’An, 33˚52’N, 108˚50’E,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A1DA1FB3F3CDA698" box="[1016,1188,656,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2004-06-22" valueMax="2004-06-24" valueMin="2004-06-22">22–24.VI.2004</date>
, Viktor Sinyaev leg. (MWM); Taibai County (Mts. Tsinling (Qinling), Mt. Taibaishan, Houzhenzi):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A66B1F97F3DFA6FD" box="[1097,1206,692,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A6EA1F97F24FA6FC" box="[1224,1318,692,716]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A71B1F97F2F1A6FC" box="[1337,1432,692,716]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1998-09">IX.1998</date>
, 33˚51’N, 107˚49’E, local collector leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A0EA1FFBF47EA6C0" box="[712,791,727,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Dudamen village,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A1D71FF4F324A6DF" box="[1013,1101,727,752]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
, 33˚50’N, 107˚41’E,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A7601FF4F7BBA724" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2003-10">October 2003</date>
, Viktor Sinyaev leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A01B1FDFF5CAA725" box="[569,675,764,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">19 males</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBFCE18A0901FDFF591A725" box="[690,760,764,789]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A1241FDFF409A724" box="[774,864,764,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A14C1FDFF4A4A724" box="[878,973,764,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2000-09">IX.2000</date>
, 33˚53’N, 107˚49’E, local collector leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A32A1E03F618A708" box="[264,369,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A35D1E03F6B3A707" box="[383,474,800,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A3CB1E3CF5E1A708" box="[489,648,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1998-10">October 1998</date>
, 33˚51’N, 107˚49’E, local collector leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A6F01E03F247A708" box="[1234,1326,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A71F1E3CF2FEA707" box="[1341,1431,799,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A2B51E67F637A76C" box="[151,350,836,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-05-27" valueMax="1999-06-08" valueMin="1999-05-27">27.V–08.VI.1999</date>
, 33˚53’N, 107˚49’E, local collector leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A18D1E67F365A76D" box="[943,1036,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A63E1E67F31EA76C" box="[1052,1143,836,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
, summer 2000, 33˚53’N, 107˚49’E, local collector leg. (MWM); Ningshan County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A1711E4BF4DBA7B0" box="[851,946,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A1E61E44F348A74F" box="[964,1057,871,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
, near Ningshan town, 33˚44’N, 106˚26’E,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A3331EAFF60EA794" box="[273,359,908,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2001-10">X.2001</date>
, local collector leg. (MWM); Mts. Daba Shan (Tapa Shan):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A63F1EAEF311A795" box="[1053,1144,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A6A41EAFF3B6A794" box="[1158,1247,908,932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A6CF1EAFF25FA795" box="[1261,1334,908,933]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
south of Shou-Man village, 32˚08’N, 108˚37’E, summer 2000, local collector leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A66B1E93F3FCA7F8" box="[1097,1173,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A6EC1E93F25AA7F8" box="[1230,1331,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A71D1E93F2FEA7F7" box="[1343,1431,944,968]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
, Shou-Man village, 32˚14’N, 108˚34’E,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A0791EF7F592A7DD" box="[603,763,980,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2000-05-24" valueMax="2000-05-25" valueMin="2000-05-24">24–25.V.2000</date>
, Siniaev &amp; Plutenko leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A6B11EF7F390A7DD" box="[1171,1273,980,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A7241EF7F2FEA7DC" box="[1286,1431,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="950.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="900.0">900–1000 m</quantity>
, 32˚56’N, 109˚25’E,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A3A11EDBF52BA020" box="[387,578,1016,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2001-08-20" valueMax="2001-08-24" valueMin="2001-08-20">20–24.VIII.2001</date>
, local collector leg. (MWM); [SICHUAN] Luding County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A6DC1EDBF239A020" box="[1278,1360,1015,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Moxi Town,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A2C8193FF61CA004" box="[234,373,1052,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2004-07-20">20.VII.2004</date>
, Min Wang &amp; Liu-Sheng Chen Leg. (SCAU); Yajiang County:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A655193FF3A2A005" box="[1143,1227,1052,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Bajiaolou Town,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A2B5191CF677A068" box="[151,286,1087,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2004-08-05">5.VIII.2004</date>
, Min Wang &amp; Liu-Sheng Chen leg. (SCAU); Danba City:
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A18F191CF36FA068" box="[941,1030,1087,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A6331963F330A068" box="[1041,1113,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
N Danba city, Mt. Maiduoer Shan,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A2FD1947F63BA04C" box="[223,338,1124,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-07">July 1999</date>
, Li &amp; Wang leg. (MWM);
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFBFCE18A0AE1947F5B4A04D" box="[652,733,1124,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Laolinkou,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A14C1947F4AEA04C" box="[878,967,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
, 28˚21’N, 103˚26’E,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A69C1947F2F1A04D" box="[1214,1432,1124,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-06-26" valueMax="2008-07-12" valueMin="2008-06-26">26.VI–12.VII.2008</date>
, Viktor Sinyaev leg. (MWM); [YUNNAN] Weishan County (Mt. Weibaoshan):
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A63E19ABF31DA090" box="[1052,1140,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A6A019A4F254A090" box="[1154,1341,1159,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2002-09">September 2002</date>
, Ying
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A7AA19AAF7DDA0F5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
leg. (MWM); [XIZANG (TIBET)] Ost-Tibet (Mt. Meilixueshan):
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A182198FF49EA0F4" box="[928,1015,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="6000.0">6000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A621198FF31DA0F4" box="[1027,1140,1196,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-07">July 1999</date>
, Wang &amp; Li leg. (MWM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFBFCE18A2E519ECF514A1D4" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A2E519ECF623A0D8" bold="true" box="[199,330,1231,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bionomics.</emphasis>
The larval hosts of this species include
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A13719F2F325A0D8" authority="Poir., 1796" authorityName="Poir." authorityYear="1796" box="[789,1100,1231,1256]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A13719F2F4A1A0D8" box="[789,968,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Morus australis</emphasis>
Poir., 1796
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A67E19F2F202A0D8" authority="Linn., 1753" authorityName="Linn." authorityYear="1753" box="[1116,1387,1231,1256]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A67E19F2F3B6A0D8" box="[1116,1247,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Morus alba</emphasis>
Linn., 1753
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A2B519D6F4B1A13C" authority="(Linn., 1799) L'Her. ex Vent." authorityName="(Linn., 1799) L'Her. ex Vent." box="[151,984,1268,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Broussonetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papyrifera">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A2B519D6F6DAA13C" box="[151,435,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Broussonetia papyrifera</emphasis>
(Linn., 1799) L'Hér. ex Vent. (Moraceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A1D219D7F64FA100" authority="Linn., 1753" authorityName="Linn." authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rosa-sinensis">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A1D219D7F390A13C" box="[1008,1273,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</emphasis>
Linn., 1753 (Malvaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A31A183AF5FAA100" authority="Thunb., 1780" authorityName="Thunb." authorityYear="1780" box="[312,659,1303,1328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaki">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A31A183AF68EA100" box="[312,487,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diospyros kaki</emphasis>
Thunb., 1780
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A0FA183AF386A100" authority="Cheng, 1935" authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1935" box="[728,1263,1303,1328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleifera">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A0FA183AF4C6A100" box="[728,943,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diospyros oleifera</emphasis>
Cheng, 1935 (Ebenaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A720183BF209A11F" box="[1282,1376,1304,1327]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A720183BF209A11F" box="[1282,1376,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A2BC181FF663A164" box="[158,266,1340,1364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A36F181FF6FAA165" box="[333,403,1340,1365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A36F181FF6FAA165" box="[333,403,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A3EC181FF552A164" box="[462,571,1340,1364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF83DCCAFFBFCE18A076181FF598A164" author="Miyata" box="[596,753,1340,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Miyata, A. (1983) Handbook of the Moth Ecology - Moths as an Indicator of the Environment (2). Showado, Isahaya, 320 pp. [in Japanese with introductory pamphlet in English]" type="book" year="1983">Miyata, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF83DCCAFFBFCE18A0DD181FF48DA165" author="Chu" box="[767,996,1340,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Chu, H. F. &amp; Wang, L. Y. (1996) Fauna Sinica Insecta V, Lepidoptera: Bombycidae, Saturniidae, Thyrididae. Science Press, Beijing, 302 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1996">Chu &amp; Wang, 1996</bibRefCitation>
). Numerous specimens were collected between
<date id="FFAC87FBFFBFCE18A2DF187CF690A148" box="[253,505,1375,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1925-07" valueMax="1925-08-31" valueMin="1925-07-00">July and August 1925</date>
by T. Uchida, R. Saito &amp; K. Kikuchi in
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBFCE18A1F7187CF342A148" box="[981,1067,1375,1400]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. Eggs are laid singly or in large clusters without touching each other (Plate 2D). The larva has a short horn (Plate 2E–2G) and the pupa is formed in a yellowish-green cocoon spun between mulberry leaves (Plate 2H). Adults fly in forests from lowlands at about
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A2B518EFF7B7A1D4" box="[151,222,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
to
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFBFCE18A32318EFF63FA1D4" box="[257,342,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
in
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBFCE18A35818EFF6A5A1D5" box="[378,460,1484,1509]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(Plate 2A–2C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFBFCE18A2E518CCF6BCA27F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFBFCE18A2E518CCF6BCA27F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A2E518CCF609A238" bold="true" box="[199,352,1519,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis>
Mainland
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBFCE18A3C218CCF54AA238" box="[480,547,1519,1544]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
(Inner
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBFCE18A05918CCF582A238" box="[635,747,1519,1544]" name="Mongolia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang) and
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBFCE18A6B31B37F38FA21D" box="[1169,1254,1556,1581]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBFCE18A6D51B36F253A21C" box="[1271,1338,1557,1580]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Korean Peninsula, Russian Far East.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFBFCE18A2E51B7FF403A2EF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFBFCE18A2E51B7FF403A2EF" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A2E51B7FF652A245" bold="true" box="[199,315,1628,1653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
Widely distributed in
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFBFCE18A0151B7FF514A245" box="[567,637,1628,1653]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">China</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A0AA1B7EF44AA245" box="[648,803,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Theophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandarina">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A0AA1B7EF44AA245" box="[648,803,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. mandarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a typical Eastern Palaearctic species. The horn on the larvae is present, though short, and the color pattern is more striking and contrasted, as illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF83DCCAFFBFCE18A76F1B5CF78DA28C" author="Miyata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Miyata, T. (1970) A generic revision of the Japanese Bombycidae, with description of a new genus (Lepidoptera). Tinea, 8, 190 - 199." type="journal article" year="1970">Miyata (1970)</bibRefCitation>
. The cocoon of
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A3861B86F528A28D" box="[420,577,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Theophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandarina">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A3861B86F528A28D" box="[420,577,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. mandarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rather loose and irregular so considerable artificial selection must have being applied to yield the neat, tightly woven cocoon of
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFBFCE18A12D1BEAF40AA2D0" box="[783,867,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mori">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFBFCE18A12D1BEAF40AA2D0" box="[783,867,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. mori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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