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<document id="CDC3EDEF32434C93BB4DCFC526A6E465" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3989.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6659f502-4940-4db3-aeb3-0bcc1d93932b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238716" ID-ZooBank="9BCFFC47-43D1-47B8-BA56-70A129E6A63F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461265301257" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Xing, Wang, Min, Zolotuhin, Vadim V., Hirowatari, Toshiya, Wu, Shipher &amp; Huang, Guo-Hua" docDate="2015" docId="03BB102DFFB9CE1EA2B519EDF5EAA3C5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03989p138.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3989 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gunda ochracea Walker 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF826855FFB6CE11A2221D23F769A430" masterDocTitle="The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698610489227" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="27158C10CFC8C590EE5FF502D928E0BF">The fauna of the family Bombycidae sensu lato (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea) from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hainan Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5CB2AF16FE15E49304EB527DD3F4E814">Wang, Xing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E1EE0DF5782F4B6A3C4A9409F305E264">Wang, Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E931F1C860B5FFD5A1040DF91363F01">Zolotuhin, Vadim V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE8D9FD5AD40A77B6C4E17244A9890DE">Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E9374A546C9A29076E25066F3CFBBE0">Wu, Shipher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="95D062B379B9AA978DBC4F22466A3335">Huang, Guo-Hua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0EE517CDE28EB47C27FBB376AE8017D6">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CFE64987F1FEB870192BE3A743BD8CD4">3989</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BB102DFFB9CE1EA2B519EDF5EAA3C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115897" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119637931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115897" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB102DFFB9CE1EA2B519EDF5EAA3C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB102DFFB9CE1EA2B519EDF5EAA3C5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFB9CE1EA2B519EDF45DA0D7" box="[151,820,1230,1255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFB9CE1EA2B519EDF45DA0D7" blockId="15.[151,820,1230,1255]" box="[151,820,1230,1255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="D0E51657FFB9CE1EA2B519EDF45DA0D7" bold="true" box="[151,820,1230,1255]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA2B519EDF45DA0D7" bold="true" box="[151,820,1230,1255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
6.
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFB9CE1EA29119EDF57FA0D7" ID-CoL="3HM5P" authority="Walker, 1862" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1862" box="[179,534,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Gunda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA29119EDF61AA0D7" bold="true" box="[179,371,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gunda ochracea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83DCCAFFB9CE1EA35819EDF57FA0D7" author="Walker" box="[378,534,1230,1255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Walker, F. (1862) Catalogue of the heterocerous lepidopterous insects collected at Sarawak, in Borneo. Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 6, 171 - 198. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1862. tb 00945. x" type="journal article" year="1862">Walker, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1329BDBEFFB9CE1EA00619EDF5D1A0D7" box="[548,696,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[178,1413,248,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[150,1436,195,1736]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Adults of Gunda spp. A. G. javanica, male (Hainan); B. G. javanica, female (Myanmar); C. G. ochracea, male (Hainan); D. G. ochracea, female (Malaysia); E. G. sesostris, male (Thailand); F. G. sesostris, female (Indonesia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289105/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURES 4</figureCitation>
C4D, 5B)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFB9CE1EA2B51832F642A1F0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFB9CE1EA2B51832F2F5A154" blockId="15.[151,1436,1297,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFB9CE1EA2B51832F6A6A117" ID-CoL="3HM5P" authority="Walker, 1862" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,463,1297,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Gunda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA2B51832F629A117" box="[151,320,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gunda ochracea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83DCCAFFB9CE1EA3641832F6A6A117" author="Walker" box="[326,463,1297,1319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Walker, F. (1862) Catalogue of the heterocerous lepidopterous insects collected at Sarawak, in Borneo. Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 6, 171 - 198. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1862. tb 00945. x" type="journal article" year="1862">Walker, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA3F81831F68CA117" box="[474,485,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">J</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA3D01831F549A117" box="[498,544,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Linn</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA00F1831F538A117" box="[557,593,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Soc</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA07C1832F5FBA117" box="[606,658,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lond</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA0851832F5BCA117" box="[679,725,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Zool</emphasis>
.) 6: 177. TL: “
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA14F1832F4A3A117" box="[877,970,1297,1319]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
”.
<typeStatus id="54A91F99FFB9CE1EA1FF1832F356A117" box="[989,1087,1297,1319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: female (OUMNH).
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA2B51813F627A176" box="[151,334,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aristhala hainana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83DCCAFFB9CE1EA3761812F6B3A176" author="Moore" box="[340,474,1328,1350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Moore, F. (1878) List of Lepidopterous insects collected by the late R. Swinhoe in the Island of Hainan. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 695 - 708." type="proceedings paper" year="1878">Moore, 1878</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA3C61812F5B2A176" box="[484,731,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Proc. Zool. Soc. London</emphasis>
1878: 705. TL: “Hainan”. HT: male (BMNH).
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA2B5186DF620A154" box="[151,329,1358,1380]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aristhala sikkima</emphasis>
Moore, 1879,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA3FD1873F5BFA154" box="[479,726,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Proc. Zool. Soc. London</emphasis>
1879: 406, pl. 33, fig. 3. TL: “Darjeeling”. ST: male (figd) &amp; female
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFB9CE1EA2E5184EF642A1B3" blockId="15.[151,1436,1297,1472]" box="[199,299,1389,1411]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">(BMNH).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFB9CE1EA2B518AFF642A1F0" blockId="15.[151,1436,1297,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFB9CE1EA2B518AFF6B5A192" ID-CoL="972TZ" authority="Roepke, 1924" authorityName="Roepke" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,476,1420,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Gunda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leefmansi">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA2B518AFF62CA192" box="[151,325,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gunda leefmansi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF83DCCAFFB9CE1EA36E18AFF6B5A192" author="Roepke" box="[332,476,1420,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Roepke, W. (1924) Zur Kenntnis einiger Malaiischer Bombyciden. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, 67, 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1924">Roepke, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA3CA18AFF521A192" box="[488,584,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tijd. Ent.</emphasis>
67: 168, Taf. 2, fig. 4. TL: Padang, Sumatra.
<typeStatus id="54A91F99FFB9CE1EA60018AFF3EDA192" box="[1058,1156,1420,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: female (MNHL). A junior synonym.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFB9CE1EA2B518C4F5C4A37E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFB9CE1EA2B518C4F685A272" blockId="15.[151,1437,1511,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA2B518C4F678A230" bold="true" box="[151,273,1511,1536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFB9CE1EA3EB18CBF520A230" box="[457,585,1512,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Gunda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA3EB18CBF520A230" box="[457,585,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G. javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished by the following characters: forewing without an oblique black line arising from basal 1/4 of costa to beneath of apex; uncus shallowly bifid; valva distally with a slender, apically bifid process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFB9CE1EA2E51B6FF51FA33B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1511,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA2E51B6FF6A4A255" bold="true" box="[199,461,1612,1637]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
[GUANGXI] Fangchenggang City (Shiwandashan National NR):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFB9CE1EA6C51B6FF255A255" box="[1255,1340,1612,1637]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFB9CE1EA76C1B6FF2F5A255" box="[1358,1436,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
southwest of Nanping town,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFB9CE1EA3C51B4DF55AA2B5" box="[487,563,1646,1670]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
, 21˚43N, 107˚32E,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFB9CE1EA10F1B4DF4A1A2B6" box="[813,968,1646,1670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-04-01" valueMax="2003-04-14" valueMin="2003-04-01">114.IV.2003</date>
, Siniaev &amp; local collector leg. (MWM); [HAINAN] Baisha County (Yinggeling National NR):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFB9CE1EA1071BACF410A297" box="[805,889,1678,1703]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Tongyin Village,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFB9CE1EA6781BADF3BEA297" box="[1114,1239,1678,1703]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2005-12-04">4.XII.2005</date>
, Min Wang leg. (SCAU); Wuzhishan City (Wuzhishan National NR):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFB9CE1EA13B1B93F407A2F8" box="[793,878,1711,1736]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 18˚53N, 109˚43E,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFB9CE1EA6531B8CF3A6A2F7" box="[1137,1231,1711,1736]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFB9CE1EA6C31B93F2F1A2F8" box="[1249,1432,1712,1736]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2003-02-20" valueMax="2003-03-01" valueMin="2003-02-20">20.II1.III.2003</date>
, Siniaev &amp; his team leg. (MWM); [YUNNAN] Jingdong County (Ailaoshan National NR):
<specimenCount id="9D146AB2FFB9CE1EA6F41BF1F243A2DA" box="[1238,1322,1745,1770]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CEA0CDEFFB9CE1EA7191BF2F2FEA2D9" box="[1339,1431,1745,1770]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAC87FBFFB9CE1EA2B51BD1F639A33B" box="[151,336,1778,1803]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1999-09">September 1999</date>
, Wang &amp; Li leg. (MWM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFB9CE1EA2E51A37F5C4A37E" blockId="15.[151,1437,1511,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA2E51A37F623A31D" bold="true" box="[199,330,1812,1837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bionomics.</emphasis>
The larval host plants are
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFB9CE1EA0561A36F359A31C" authority="Roxb. ex Hornem., 1814" authorityName="Roxb. ex Hornem." authorityYear="1814" box="[628,1072,1812,1837]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elastica">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA0561A36F478A31D" box="[628,785,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ficus elastica</emphasis>
Roxb. ex Hornem., 1814
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C12DAB8FFB9CE1EA6191A36F205A31D" authority="Linn., 1753" authorityName="Linn." authorityYear="1753" box="[1083,1388,1812,1837]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="religiosa">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA6191A36F38DA31D" box="[1083,1252,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ficus religiosa</emphasis>
Linn., 1753
</taxonomicName>
and relatives. The species usually appears in winter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFB9CE1EA2E51A75F52EA382" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFB9CE1EA2E51A75F52EA382" blockId="15.[151,1437,1511,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA2E51A75F609A35F" bold="true" box="[199,352,1878,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
Mainland
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA3C11A75F54FA35F" box="[483,550,1878,1903]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">China</collectingCountry>
(Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan) and Hainan,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA6871A75F24FA35F" box="[1189,1318,1878,1903]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA7141A75F2F1A35F" box="[1334,1432,1878,1903]" name="Vietnam" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA2B51A54F668A3A0" box="[151,257,1911,1936]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA3321A54F6E9A3A0" box="[272,384,1911,1936]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA3B21A54F69FA3A0" box="[400,502,1911,1936]" name="Thailand" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, Sikkim,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA0481A54F5C6A3A0" box="[618,687,1911,1936]" name="Nepal" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA09D1A54F45CA3A0" box="[703,821,1911,1936]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA1661A54F4E9A3A0" box="[836,896,1911,1936]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">India</collectingCountry>
, vast region from Southeast Asia to Sumatra, Borneo and the
<collectingCountry id="F305E1ABFFB9CE1EA36B1ABAF6AEA382" box="[329,455,1945,1970]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(Palawan).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308F2B0FFB9CE1EA2E51A99F5EAA3C5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADA13BFFB9CE1EA2E51A99F5EAA3C5" blockId="15.[151,1437,1511,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9667D29FFB9CE1EA2E51A99F652A3E3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1978,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
The variability of wings is distinct in different geographical areas, but the variability in genitalia characters has no firmly geographical basis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>