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<mods:title id="EF5D96E50661C79B923EF2D881E579FF">Givetian ostracods of the Candás Formation (Asturias, North-western Spain): taxonomy, stratigraphy, palaeoecology, relationship to global events and palaeogeographical implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DC4A5D33386C833A1C8E8F766481B8C1">Maillet, Sebastien</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B94C39E8674B59FF22F88AFC04FC37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6083682" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127639164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6083682" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B94C39E8674B59FF22F88AFC04FC37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B94C39E8674B59FF22F88AFC04FC37" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="C30AAEA4E8674B5EFF22F88AFE8BF845" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8674B5EFF22F88AFD27F863" blockId="43.[151,724,1905,1965]" box="[151,724,1905,1931]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D0E74A43E8674B5EFF22F88AFD27F863" bold="true" box="[151,724,1905,1931]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1086ACE8674B5EFF22F88AFD27F863" authority="Becker, 1989" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,724,1905,1931]" class="Ostracoda" family="Quasillitidae" genus="Quasillites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiguus" subGenus="Jennillites">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8674B5EFF22F88AFD27F863" bold="true" box="[151,724,1905,1931]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8674B5EFF22F88AFDDEF863" bold="true" box="[151,557,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Quasillites (Jennillites) ambiguus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8180DEE8674B5EFD80F88AFD27F863" author="Becker" box="[565,724,1905,1931]" pageId="43" pageNumber="68" refString="Becker, G. (1989) Neritische ostracoden aus dem Palentinischen Becken (Devon; N-Spanien). Palaeontographica A, 209, 111 - 176." type="journal article" year="1989">Becker, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8674B5EFF22F86FFE8BF845" blockId="43.[151,724,1905,1965]" box="[151,376,1940,1965]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
(Pl. III:
<figureCitation id="132BE1AAE8674B5EFF45F86FFECFF845" box="[240,316,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1553,1575]" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ostracod fauna, environmental trends and phases of the global Taghanic Biocrisis through time in the Peran-Perlora and Carranques cumulated sections. For stratigraphical column caption and bio- and chronostratigraphic correspondences, see Figure 2. A. Ostracod faunal succession and phases of the global Taghanic Biocrisis through the series: 1. decline of the diversity of the “ Givetian ” ostracod fauna; 2. occurrence of short-ranging opportunistic taxa; 3. interval of rare fauna; 4. renewal of the ostracod taxa with installation of the new “ Frasnian ” fauna. Possible equivalents of the transgressive pulses IIa-Tagh and IIa-Gen are indicated, as well as the Taghanic Biocrisis assumed interval (grey hatched part) and the Geneseo Bioevent (dark grey rectangle). B. Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction based on analyze of ostracod assemblages for each sample (black dots), crossed with information from lithology and other faunas (white dots: biostromal units; the dashed line indicates the general trend through time). All the ostracods collected through the series belong to the Eifelian Mega- Assemblage (see Casier 1987 b, 2008): Assemblage I is dominated by Eridostracina, Palaeocopina, Platycopina and is indicative of semi-restricted environments; Assemblage II is dominated by Podocopina (of which thick-shelled taxa) and is indicative of open-marine peri-reefal agitated environments; Assemblage III, showing well diversified Metacopina, Podocopina, Eridostracina, Palaeocopina, Platycopina and characterized by an increase of the proportion of Metacopina with depth coupled to a decrease of the Podocopina one, is indicative of open-marine deeper environments. Units M, N and O show disturbed environments (see text)." pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="132BE1AAE8674B5EFED5F86FFE9CF845" box="[352,367,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[151,1436,193,1621]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 6. Faunal relations and Middle Devonian palaeogeographic reconstruction. Abbreviations: Ard: Ardenne (Namur and Dinant Synclinoria); Arm: Armorican Massif; Bhm: Bohemian Massif; Bln: Boulonnais; CcA: Carnic Alps; Ctz: Cantabrian Zone; Dvs: Devonshire; Grm: Germany (Eifel, Ruhr, Sauerland, Bergisches Land, Thuringia, Harz); IbC: Iberian Cordillera; Mth: Mouthoumet Massif; MtN: Montagne Noire; NMc: North Morocco (Doukkala, Meseta); OMZ: Ossa Morena Zone; Pld: Poland (Holy Cross Mountains, Pomerania); Ptd: Pontides; Rus: Russia (Volga and Urals areas; Baschkiria); Sao: Saoura; SMc: South Morocco (Anti-Atlas, Tafilalt); Tns: Tunisia; Trd: Taurides; Ygv: Ex-Yugoslavia (Serbia). For the reviewed literature on Givetian ostracods of those areas, see text. A. Faunal affinities between the Cantabrian Zone and other places in Europe and neighbouring areas during the Givetian; B. Middle Devonian palaeogeographic reconstruction (adapted from Blakey 2007)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/270652/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AAEA4E8604B59FF22FF63FC6DFE4B" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8604B59FF22FF63FE0EFF46" blockId="44.[151,1252,152,419]" box="[151,509,152,174]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF22FF63FEB8FF46" box="[151,331,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
1980
<taxonomicName id="4C1086ACE8604B59FF65FF62FEB8FF46" box="[208,331,153,174]" class="Ostracoda" family="Quasillitidae" genus="Jenningsina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Jenningsina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp.; Becker: 764.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8604B59FF22FF4DFCF5FF24" blockId="44.[151,1252,152,419]" box="[151,774,182,205]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
1985
<taxonomicName id="4C1086ACE8604B59FF65FF43FEABFF25" box="[208,344,184,205]" class="Ostracoda" family="Bufinidae" genus="Punctomosea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF65FF43FEABFF25" box="[208,344,184,205]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Punctomosea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. B; Casier: 836837, pl. 1, figs. 1314.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8604B59FF22FF2EFCA7FEE2" blockId="44.[151,1252,152,419]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
1989
<taxonomicName id="4C1086ACE8604B59FF65FF2EFDD5FF03" box="[208,550,213,235]" class="Ostracoda" family="Quasillitidae" genus="Quasillites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiguus" subGenus="Jennillites">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF65FF2EFECDFF03" box="[208,318,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Quasillites</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FEF9FF2EFE47FF03" box="[332,436,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Jennillites</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FE76FF2EFDD5FF03" box="[451,550,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">ambiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. sp.; Becker: 148, pl. 5, figs.
<date id="FFAEDBEFE8604B59FCCEFF2EFEF2FEE2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1996-01-06" valueMax="1996-01-07" valueMin="1996-01-06">67. 1996 Gen.</date>
indet. sp. B (
<taxonomicName id="4C1086ACE8604B59FE3CFF0FFDFAFEE2" box="[393,521,244,266]" class="Ostracoda" family="Primitiopsidae" genus="Guerichiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palaeocopida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FE3CFF0FFDFAFEE2" box="[393,521,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Guerichiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?); Milhau: 7475, pl. 2, fig. 13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8604B59FF22FEE9FD77FEC0" blockId="44.[151,1252,152,419]" box="[151,644,274,296]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF22FEE9FEABFEC0" box="[151,344,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
1996
<taxonomicName id="4C1086ACE8604B59FF65FEE8FEABFEC0" box="[208,344,275,296]" class="Ostracoda" family="Bufinidae" genus="Punctomosea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Punctomosea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp. B Casier; Milhau: 7475.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8604B59FF22FECAFC6DFE4B" blockId="44.[151,1252,152,419]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
2004
<taxonomicName id="4C1086ACE8604B59FF65FECAFD84FEAF" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[208,631,305,327]" class="Ostracoda" family="Quasillitidae" genus="Quasillites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiguus" subGenus="Jennillites">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF65FECAFECDFEAF" box="[208,318,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Quasillites</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FEF9FECAFE47FEAF" box="[332,436,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Jennillites</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FE76FECAFDD5FEAF" box="[451,550,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">ambiguus</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
; Becker
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FD7AFEC9FD10FEAF" box="[719,739,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">in</emphasis>
Becker
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FC82FEC9FC99FEAF" box="[823,874,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
: 53, pl. 4, fig. 8, pl. 5, figs. 1, 10, 14. 2010a
<taxonomicName id="4C1086ACE8604B59FF6EFEABFD71FE8E" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[219,642,336,358]" class="Ostracoda" family="Quasillitidae" genus="Quasillites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiguus" subGenus="Jennillites">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF6EFEABFEBAFE8E" box="[219,329,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Quasillites</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FEE2FEABFE4CFE8E" box="[343,447,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Jennillites</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FE7BFEABFDC2FE8E" box="[462,561,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">ambiguus</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
; Casier
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FD66FEAAFD14FE8E" box="[723,743,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">in</emphasis>
Casier
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FC81FEAAFC94FE8E" box="[820,871,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
: 43, pl. 3, fig. 18. 2013
<taxonomicName id="4C1086ACE8604B59FF65FE95FD84FE6C" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[208,631,366,388]" class="Ostracoda" family="Quasillitidae" genus="Quasillites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiguus" subGenus="Jennillites">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF65FE95FECDFE6C" box="[208,318,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Quasillites</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FEF9FE95FE47FE6C" box="[332,436,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Jennillites</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FE76FE95FDD5FE6C" box="[451,550,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">ambiguus</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
; Maillet: 126, pl. XVI, figs. 2325. 2013a
<taxonomicName id="4C1086ACE8604B59FF6EFE76FD71FE4B" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[219,642,397,419]" class="Ostracoda" family="Quasillitidae" genus="Quasillites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiguus" subGenus="Jennillites">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF6EFE76FEBAFE4B" box="[219,329,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Quasillites</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FEE2FE76FE4CFE4B" box="[343,447,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Jennillites</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FE7BFE76FDC2FE4B" box="[462,561,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">ambiguus</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
; Maillet
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FD69FE75FCFCFE4B" box="[732,783,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
: pl. 1, fig. 16.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AAEA4E8604B59FF22FE34FDC1FE00" box="[151,562,463,488]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8604B59FF22FE34FDC1FE00" blockId="44.[151,1437,463,992]" box="[151,562,463,488]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF22FE34FEF5FE00" bold="true" box="[151,262,463,488]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Material.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1636A6E8604B59FEB9FE2BFE56FE00" box="[268,421,463,488]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
(3 C,
<date id="FFAEDBEFE8604B59FE5FFE2BFDD6FE00" box="[490,549,464,488]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2010-05">10 V</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AAEA4E8604B59FF72FE0FFDB7FDE4" box="[199,580,500,525]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8604B59FF72FE0FFDB7FDE4" blockId="44.[151,1437,463,992]" box="[199,580,500,525]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF72FE0FFEB2FDE5" bold="true" box="[199,321,500,525]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8180DEE8604B59FEFDFE0FFDB3FDE4" author="Becker" box="[328,576,500,525]" pageId="44" pageNumber="68" refString="Becker, G. (1989) Neritische ostracoden aus dem Palentinischen Becken (Devon; N-Spanien). Palaeontographica A, 209, 111 - 176." type="journal article" year="1989" yearSuffix="p">Becker (1989, p. 148)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AAEA4E8604B59FF72FDECFEAFFCC5" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8604B59FF72FDECFEAFFCC5" blockId="44.[151,1437,463,992]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF72FDECFEAAFDD8" bold="true" box="[199,345,535,560]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
Medium-sized elongated carapace, sub-rectangular in lateral view. Slight dorsal overlap of the LV over the smaller RV at free margins of the carapace. Hmax median; Lmax at 1/3 dorsal; Wmax slightly dorsal. Almost straight to very slightly convex dorsal margin. Slightly convex ventral margin. Ventral and dorsal margins almost parallel. Regularly convex anterior margin. Posterior margin very arched in the dorsal part, oblique anteriorly in the ventral part. Anterior part of the carapace slightly higher than the posterior one. Surface finely reticulated. Reticles orientated longitudinally. Marked vertical ridge in the posterior part of the carapace, possibly prolonged by spines. Carapace globally inflated, except a clear flattening in the postero-dorsal part posteriorly to the vertical ridge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30AAEA4E8604B59FF72FCCCFC04FC37" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8604B59FF72FCCCFC56FC9D" blockId="44.[151,1437,463,992]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF72FCCCFEBFFCB8" bold="true" box="[199,332,823,848]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Discussion.</emphasis>
The elongation of the carapace, its fine reticulation and the very marked vertical ridge in its posterior part are features of this species, both in juveniles and adults.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFFD2FE8604B59FF72FC84FC04FC37" blockId="44.[151,1437,463,992]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B964213DE8604B59FF72FC84FE97FC70" bold="true" box="[199,356,895,920]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Occurrences.</emphasis>
Upper Emsian to Middle Givetian (Chefar el Ahmar Fm), Saoura (Km 30 section), Middle Givetian (Candás Fm, mbs A and B), Asturias (Peran-Perlora section) and Palencia, Middle/Upper Givetian, Mouthoumet Massif (Berco Petito section); Givetian, Ardenne and
<collectingCountry id="F307BDBFE8604B59FC3FFC33FC00FC37" box="[906,1011,968,991]" name="Morocco" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Morocco</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>