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<document id="E24A9F65D102F29EE68A1C71249A24DA" ID-CLB-Dataset="288381" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2024v46a3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8640f6be-b3a6-45ac-93ac-f522e14c3eba" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671140" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D352D32F-9010-4E2D-ABEF-B890D7BD630D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1707986898145" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dewaele, Leonard &amp; Muizon, Christian de" docDate="2024" docId="03A3C3524C74444C18DAF93F8255FB73" docLanguage="en" docName="geodiversitas.2024.46.3.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 46 (3)" docSource="https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/g2024v46a3.pdf" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Magophoca brevirostris Dewaele &amp; Muizon 2024, n. gen., n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="4F74C62D-9F46-4E78-8BEE-5D747710EF24" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="FF9ABB2A4C7144701B7EFF898153FF9D" masterDocTitle="A new monachine seal (Monachinae, Phocidae, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Cerro La Bruja (Ica department, Peru)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1708091314604" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="691C37468FEC771BBF019C13685F3189">A new monachine seal (Monachinae, Phocidae, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Cerro La Bruja (Ica department, Peru)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="236052C9AD6641E91AC09978E3BA7F81">Dewaele, Leonard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EFDB06171FACD27D5BD248C02E663174">Directorate of Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Rue Vautier, Brussels 1000 (Belgium) and FunMorph Lab, Department of Biology, Antwerp University, Campus Drie Eiken, 1 Universiteitsplein, Antwerp 2610 (Belgium) and EDDy Lab, Department of Geology, Liège University, Quartier Agora, 14 Allée du six Août, Liège 4000 (Belgium)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D06ACC66A544A92A9C0AC069C7902241">Muizon, Christian de</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="227F29BCBEDDFE99F02280DC00A88DF4">Départment Origines et Évolution, CR 2 P URM 7207 (MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne Université), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C74447518DAF93F85CDF94D" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[932,1182,1718,1744]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C74447518DAF93F85CDF94D" bold="true" box="[932,1182,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
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captionTargetPageId-40="58" captionTargetPageId-41="59" captionTargetPageId-42="61" captionTargetPageId-43="62" captionTargetPageId-6="17" captionTargetPageId-7="18" captionTargetPageId-8="19" captionTargetPageId-9="20" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured,or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxilla in green.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Other abbreviation: iof, infraorbital foramen. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, cranium in dorsal view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,nasals in purple,jugal in blue.Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures separating the bones.Dashed lines represent the presumed sutures between the maxillae and frontals.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-10="FIG. 12. — Right mandible of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, mandible in lingual view; B, the same mandible in labial view; C, the same mandible in occlusal view, D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray are abraded or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-11="FIG. 13. — Mandibles of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, left horizontal ramus horizontal in lateral view; B, the same mandible in medial view; C, the same mandible in occlusal view; D, right horizontal ramus horizontal in lateral view; E, the same mandible in medial view; F, the same mandible in occlusal view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-12="FIG. 14. — Isolated postcanine tooth of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, postcanine tooth in lingual view; B, same tooth in labial view; C, same tooth in occlusal view;D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings.Areas in light gray in the line drawings are fractured; areas in dark gray are obscured from view by sediment matrix; and dashed areas are abraded or worn. Abbreviations: ant., anterior; acc., accessory;post., posterior. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-13="FIG. 15. — Stereoscopic view of the mandibular dentition of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, left mandible in occlusal view; B, right mandible in occlusal view. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-14="FIG. 16. — Atlases of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (A-D, holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276; E-H, paratype MNHN.F.PPI269): A, E, atlases in anterior view; B, F, same atlases in dorsal view; C, G, same atlases in posterior view; D, H, same atlases in left lateral view. Abbreviation: m. rect. cap. dors. min., musculus rectus capitis dorsalis minor. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-15="FIG. 17. — Axes of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (A-C, holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276; D-F, paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, D, axes in anterior view; B, E, same axes in dorsal view; C, left lateral view of MNHN.F.PPI276; F, right lateral view of MNHN.F.PPI269. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-16="FIG. 18. — Cervical vertebrae of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, Ce3 in anterior view; B, Ce3 in dorsal view; C, Ce3 in left lateral view; D, Ce4 in anterior view; E, Ce4 in dorsal view; F, Ce4 in left lateral view; G, Ce5 in anterior view; H, Ce5 in dorsal view; I, Ce5 in left lateral view; J, Ce6 in anterior view; K, Ce6 in dorsal view; L, Ce6 in left lateral view; M, Ce7 in anterior view; N, Ce7 in dorsal view; O, Ce7 in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-17="FIG. 19. — Third cervical vertebra of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, cervical vertebra in anterior view; B, same vertebra in dorsal view; C, same vertebra in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-18="FIG. 20. — Anterior thoracic vertebrae of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, D, thoracic vertebrae in anterior view; B, E, same vertebrae in dorsal view; C, F, same vertebrae in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-19="FIG. 21. — Middle thoracic vertebrae of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, middle thoracic vertebrae in anterior view; B, the same vertebra in dorsal view; C, the same vertebra in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 4. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in dorsal view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxilla in yellow, nasals in purple. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures separating the bones. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-20="FIG. 22. — Lumbar vertebrae of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype MNHN.F.PPI276): A-C, L3 in anterior, dorsal and right lateral views respectively; D, L4 in anterior view; E, F, articulated L4 and L5 in dorsal and left lateral views respectively. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-21="FIG. 23. — Pelvis (innominates cemented to the sacrum) of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, pelvis in right lateral view; B, the same pelvis in left lateral view; C, corresponding line drawing for A; D, the same pelvis in dorsal view. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-22="FIG. 24. — Caudal vertebra of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp.(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, second caudal vertebra in anterior view;B, the same vertebra in dorsal view; C, the same vertebra in right lateral view. Scale bar: 2 cm." captionText-23="FIG. 25. — Left scapula of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left scapula in lateral view; B, the same scapula in medial view; C, articular area of the same scapula in ventral view;D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas marked by dashed lines in (D) indicate origin areas of musculus infraspinatus, musculus supraspinatus, and musculus teres major (abbreviated as m. infraspinatus, m. supraspinatus, and m. ter. maj., respectively). Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, 10 cm; C, F, 5 cm." captionText-24="FIG. 26. — Humeri of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, right humerus in anterior view; B, the same humerus in medial view; C, the same humerus in posterior view; D, the same humerus in lateral view; E, left humerus in anterior view; F, the same humerus in medial view; G, the same humerus in posterior view; H, the same humerus in lateral view; I-L, corresponding labelled line drawings of E-H. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-25="FIG. 27. — Right humerus referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI279): A, right humerus in anterior view; B, the same humerus in medial view; C, the same humerus in posterior view; D, the same humerus in lateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-26="FIG. 28. — Radii of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left radius in medial view; B, right radius in lateral view (both missing part of their diaphysis); C, distal portion of the left radius in lateral view; D, distal portion of the right radius in medial view. Dashed lines aid in visualizing the overall shape of the radius. Abbreviations: m. abd. pol. long., musculus abductor pollicis longus; m. ext. digit comm., musculus extensor digitorum communis; m. ext. digit lat., musculus extensor digitorum lateralis. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-27="FIG. 29. — Right radius referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI280): A, lateral view; B, medial view. Abbreviations: m. ext. digit comm., musculus extensor digitorum communis; m. ext. digit lat., musculus extensor digitorum lateralis. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-28="FIG. 30. — Ulnae of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left ulna, with only the proximal half incompletely preserved, in medial view; B, the same ulna in anterior view; C, the same ulna in lateral view; D, right ulna, missing the olecranon process in lateral view; E, the same ulna in anterior view. Dashed lines in A and C aid in visualizing the overall shape of the olecranon process. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-29="FIG. 31. — Right ulna referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI279): A, lateral view; B, medial view. Note the strong concavity of the proximal margin of the olecranon process. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in ventral view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,jugals in blue, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-30="FIG. 32. — Carpals referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI295): A, right scapholunar in proximal view; B, the same scapholunar in distal view; C, the same scapholunar in lateral view; D, the same scapholunar in medial view; E, right trapezoid in dorsal view; F, the same trapezoid in proximal view; G, the same trapezoid in distal view; H, right trapezium in dorsal view; I, the same trapezium in palmar view; J, the same trapezium in mediodistal view; K, right magnum medial view; L, the same magnum in lateral view; M, the same magnum in proximal view; N, the same magnum in distal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-31="FIG. 33. — Metacarpals referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI295):A-E, right McV to McII and left McI in dorsal view (the latter is reversed on the figure in order to fit the other metacarpals which are all from the right manus; F-J, the same metacarpals, but inversed, in ventral view; K-N, right McII to McV in medial view; O-R, the same in lateral view. Abbreviations: m. ext. digit. lat., musculus extensor digitorum lateralis; tubs., tubercles Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-32="FIG. 34. — Anterior phalanges referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI295): A, proximal phalanx of right digit I in dorsal view; B, C, intermediate phalanges of digit II, II or IV; D, ungual phalanx of digit I (?) missing the apex of the claw. Scale bar: 2 cm." captionText-33="FIG. 35. — Baculum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): partial baculum, missing the proximal portion, in left lateral view, with the distal apex on the left. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-34="FIG. 36. — Femora of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left femur in posterior view; B, the same femur in anterior view; C, labelled line drawing corresponding with A; D, labelled line drawing corresponding with B; E, right femur in anterior view; F, the same femur in posterior view; G, the same femur in medial view; H, the same femur in lateral view. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved parts, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-35="FIG. 37. — Right (?) patella of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype MNHN.F.PPI276): A, right patella in anterior view;B, the same patella in articular or posterior view. Scale bar: 2 cm." captionText-36="FIG. 38. — Left tibia and fibula of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left tibia and fibula in anterior view; B, the same tibia and fibula in posterior view; C, proximal view of the same tibia and fibula; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved areas, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-37="FIG. 39. — Left astragalus and calcaneum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp.(holotype,MNHN.F.PPI276): A, astragalus in lateral view;B, the same astragalus in medial view; C, the same astragalus in proximal view; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings; G, left calcaneum in lateral view; H, the same calcaneum in medial view; I, the same calcaneum in proximal view; J-L, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved areas, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-38="FIG. 40. — Right astragalus and calcaneum referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI282): A, astragalus in proximal view; B, the same astragalus in medial view; C, calcaneum in medial view. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-39="FIG. 41. — Tarsals of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left cuboid in proximal view; B, the same cuboid in lateral view;C, the same cuboid in medial view;D, left ectocuneiform in lateral view; E, right ectocuneiform in lateral view;F, left ectocuneiform in medial view;G, right ectocuneiform in medial view; H, left navicular in proximal view; I, the same navicular in lateral view; J, the same navicular in medial view. Scale bar: 2 cm." captionText-4="FIG. 6. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in ventral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxillae in yellow, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-40="FIG. 42. — Metatarsals of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): all photographs are accompanied by a line drawing of the proximal part of the bone: A, left MtI in dorsal view; B, left MtII in dorsal view; C, left MtIII in dorsal view; D, left MtIV in dorsal view; E, left MtV in dorsal view; F, left MtI in plantar view; G, left MtII in plantar view; H, left MtIII in plantar view; I, left MtIV in plantar view; J, left MtV in plantar view; K, left MtI in lateral view; L, left MTII in lateral view; M, left MtII in medial view; N, left MtIV in lateral view; O, left MtIV in medial view; P, right partial MTII in lateral view; Q, right partial MTII in medial view; R, right partial MTII in dorsal view; S, left MtV in medial view; T, left MtV in lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-41="FIG. 43. — Phalanges of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A-C, proximal tarsal phalanges in dorsal view; D, medial and lateral views of phalanx A. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-42="FIG. 44. — Phylogenetic relationships of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. among Phocidae. Strict consensus tree of ten most parsimonious tree of the phylogenetic analysis. M. brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. nests among stem-lobodontines and is closest related to Hadrokirus martini and Piscophoca pacifica, also from Peru. Extinct species are preceded by a dagger." captionText-43="FIG. 45. — Phylogenetic relationships of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. among Phocidae, with Goloboff k-value set at three to downweigh homoplasy. Single most parsimonious tree of the phylogenetic analysis. M. brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. nests among stem-lobodontines and is closest related to Hadrokirus martini and Piscophoca pacifica, also from Peru. Bootstrap values higher than fifty are shown. Extinct species are preceded by a dagger." captionText-5="FIG. 7. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in left lateral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing; C, same cranium in right lateral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow, jugal in blue, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-6="FIG. 8. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in left lateral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing; C, same cranium in right lateral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxilla in yellow, nasals in purple, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-7="FIG. 9. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI278): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-8="FIG. 10. — Auditory region of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp.:A, right auditory region of paratype MNHN.F.PPI269 in ventral view;B, corresponding line drawing; C, left auditory region of paratype MNHN.F.PPI277 in ventral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix; unless cavities and foramina filled with sediment. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-9="FIG. 11. — Left mandible of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, mandible in lateral view, B, same mandible in medial view; C, same mandibule in occlusal view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. 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<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C7444751F73F95C85D9F972" box="[1037,1162,1749,1775]" captionStart-0="TABLE" captionStart-1="TABLE" captionStart-10="TABLE" captionStart-11="TABLE" captionStart-12="TABLE" captionStart-13="TABLE" captionStart-14="TABLE" captionStart-15="TABLE" captionStart-16="TABLE" captionStart-17="TABLE" captionStart-18="TABLE" captionStart-19="TABLE" captionStart-2="TABLE" captionStart-20="TABLE" captionStart-21="TABLE" captionStart-22="TABLE" captionStart-23="TABLE" captionStart-24="TABLE" captionStart-25="TABLE" captionStart-26="TABLE" captionStart-3="TABLE" captionStart-4="TABLE" captionStart-5="TABLE" captionStart-6="TABLE" captionStart-7="TABLE" captionStart-8="TABLE" captionStart-9="TABLE" captionStartId-0="9.[132,143,220,237]" captionStartId-1="9.[132,143,515,532]" captionStartId-10="31.[132,143,680,697]" captionStartId-11="33.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-12="37.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-13="37.[813,824,219,236]" captionStartId-14="41.[132,143,1045,1062]" captionStartId-15="41.[132,143,1469,1486]" captionStartId-16="45.[131,142,219,236]" captionStartId-17="47.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-18="48.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-19="49.[813,824,219,236]" captionStartId-2="11.[132,143,220,237]" captionStartId-20="51.[813,824,219,236]" captionStartId-21="53.[132,143,1235,1252]" captionStartId-22="54.[813,824,1273,1290]" captionStartId-23="55.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-24="57.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-25="57.[813,824,219,236]" captionStartId-26="59.[814,824,219,236]" captionStartId-3="22.[813,824,984,1001]" captionStartId-4="23.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-5="23.[813,824,219,236]" captionStartId-6="25.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-7="27.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-8="27.[813,824,219,236]" captionStartId-9="29.[132,143,1305,1322]" captionTargetBox-22="[133,1454,215,1128]" captionTargetId-22="figure-307@54.[697,1266,213,763]" captionTargetId-25="graphics-794@57.[813,1456,790,1299]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-10="31" captionTargetPageId-11="33" captionTargetPageId-12="37" captionTargetPageId-13="37" captionTargetPageId-14="41" captionTargetPageId-15="41" captionTargetPageId-16="45" captionTargetPageId-17="47" captionTargetPageId-18="48" captionTargetPageId-19="49" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-20="51" captionTargetPageId-21="53" captionTargetPageId-22="54" captionTargetPageId-23="55" captionTargetPageId-24="57" captionTargetPageId-25="57" captionTargetPageId-26="59" captionTargetPageId-3="22" captionTargetPageId-4="23" captionTargetPageId-5="23" captionTargetPageId-6="25" captionTargetPageId-7="27" captionTargetPageId-8="27" captionTargetPageId-9="29" captionText-0="TABLE 1. — Comparative measurement (in mm) in the four specimens of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. including cranial remains. Abbreviations: LLTR, length of the lower cheek tooth row; LP1-3, length of upper P1-3 tooth row; LUTR, length of upper cheek tooth row; WAC, maximum width of the alveolus of upper canine; WRC, maximum width of rostrum at the level of the canines; WUC, width of upper canine." captionText-1="TABLE 2. — Comparative measurements (in mm) of the crania of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. in comparison with other Monachinae and selected Phocinae. Abbreviations: BZW, bizygomatic width; BCW, bicondylar width; GLFW, width at level of lateral edges of glenoid fossae; MPW, width between mastoid processes; PLWM1, palate width at level of posterior root of M1s; WAC, maximum width of alveolus of upper canine; WRPP, width of rostrum at preorbital processes; e, estimate." captionText-10="TABLE 11. — Measurements (in mm) of the thoracic, lumbar, and caudal vertebrae of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-11="TABLE 12. — Measurements (in mm) of the sacrum of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-12="TABLE 13. — Measurements (in mm) of the scapula of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-13="TABLE 14. — Measurements (in mm) of the humerus of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-14="TABLE 15. — Measurements (in mm) of the radius of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations: n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-15="TABLE 16. — Measurements (in mm) of the ulna of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-16="TABLE 17. — Relative lengths of McI and McII in fossil and extant Phocidae.The length of the incomplete McI of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp., which lacks its distal extremity has been estimated by comparison with the McI of MNHN.F.PPI297 that is lacking the proximal epiphysis; addition of the length of the proximal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI295 to the length of the diaphysis and distal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI297; provides an estimate of the total length of McI. Furthermore, the distal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI295 is slightly eroded probably missing very little of the bone; therefore, the length of the McII of Magophoca n. gen. is also slightly estimated. e, estimate for a character due to minor damage. Measurements in mm." captionText-17="TABLE 18. — Relative lengths of McII and McIII in some extant and extinct phocids. Measurements in mm." captionText-18="TABLE 19. — Measurements (in mm) of the innominate of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). e, estimate for a character due to minor damage." captionText-19="TABLE 20. — Measurements (in mm) of the femur of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276)." captionText-2="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of the cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations; e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-20="TABLE 21. — Measurements (in mm) of the patella of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276)." captionText-21="TABLE 22. — Measurements (in mm) of the tibia and fibula of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-22="TABLE 23. — Measurements (in mm) of the astragalus of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-23="TABLE 24. — Measurements (in mm) of the calcaneum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-24="TABLE 25. — Measurements (in mm) of the metatarsals of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp.holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured; —, the character doesn’t apply to a given metatarsal. All measurements taken on left specimens, except when marked with “r”." captionText-25="TABLE 26. — Proportions of the MtI in extant and extinct Phocidae. Color code: light orange, fossil taxa with relatively long MtI; dark orange, extant taxa with relatively long MtI; light green, fossil taxa with short MtI; dark green, extant taxa with short Mt1. Abbreviations: L, length; PW, proximal width; e, estimate for a character due to minor damage. Measurements in mm." captionText-26="TABLE 27. — Measurements (in mm) of the posterior phalangesof theMagophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276)." captionText-3="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of the mandible of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp.Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-4="TABLE 5. — Measurements (in mm) of the upper dentition of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. paratype (MNHN.F.PPI269). “n/a” signifies that a character could not be measured." captionText-5="TABLE 6. — Measurements (in mm) of the isolated (upper) tooth of theMagophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276)." captionText-6="TABLE 7. — Measurements (in mm) of the lower dentition of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. paratype (MNHN.F.PPI269). Abbreviations:&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-7="TABLE 8. — Measurements (in mm) of the atlas of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-8="TABLE 9. — Measurements (in mm) of the axis of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp.. Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." captionText-9="TABLE 10. — Measurements (in mm) of the cervical vertebrae of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (excluding atlas and axis). Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured; DEF, the character is deformed." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFD8A801BFDC5" httpUri-10="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B" httpUri-11="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5044511BFAFF5283A4FE87" httpUri-12="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5444551BFAFF5283A4FE87" httpUri-13="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5444551853FF5284E2FE87" httpUri-14="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFB9C801FFBC9" httpUri-15="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFA3483BBFA66" httpUri-16="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5C445D1BFDFF52808BFE25" httpUri-17="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5E445F1BFAFF5280DEFE9E" httpUri-18="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4144401BFAFF52806DFE87" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E" httpUri-21="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4444451BFAFB5A8376FA8C" httpUri-24="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4844491BFAFF52805EFEE9" httpUri-25="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA" httpUri-26="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4A444B1850FF5285B8FE9E" httpUri-3="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6744661853FC5185D7FB8B" httpUri-4="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6644671BFAFF5280F3FE87" httpUri-5="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6644671853FF5285B8FE9E" httpUri-6="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6844691BFAFF52825AFEAD" httpUri-7="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6A446B1BFAFF52825BFEAD" httpUri-8="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6A446B1853FF5284E2FEAD" httpUri-9="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6C446D1BFAFA9083B4FAC5" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" tableUuid-0="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87" tableUuid-1="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFD8A801BFDC5" tableUuid-10="DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B" tableUuid-11="DF7522CC4C5044511BFAFF5283A4FE87" tableUuid-12="DF7522CC4C5444551BFAFF5283A4FE87" tableUuid-13="DF7522CC4C5444551853FF5284E2FE87" tableUuid-14="DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFB9C801FFBC9" tableUuid-15="DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFA3483BBFA66" tableUuid-16="DF7522CC4C5C445D1BFDFF52808BFE25" tableUuid-17="DF7522CC4C5E445F1BFAFF5280DEFE9E" tableUuid-18="DF7522CC4C4144401BFAFF52806DFE87" tableUuid-2="DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E" tableUuid-21="DF7522CC4C4444451BFAFB5A8376FA8C" tableUuid-24="DF7522CC4C4844491BFAFF52805EFEE9" tableUuid-25="DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA" tableUuid-26="DF7522CC4C4A444B1850FF5285B8FE9E" tableUuid-3="DF7522CC4C6744661853FC5185D7FB8B" tableUuid-4="DF7522CC4C6644671BFAFF5280F3FE87" tableUuid-5="DF7522CC4C6644671853FF5285B8FE9E" tableUuid-6="DF7522CC4C6844691BFAFF52825AFEAD" tableUuid-7="DF7522CC4C6A446B1BFAFF52825BFEAD" tableUuid-8="DF7522CC4C6A446B1853FF5284E2FEAD" tableUuid-9="DF7522CC4C6C446D1BFAFA9083B4FAC5">Tables 1-27</tableCitation>
; Appendices 1-4)
</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31021CF4C7444771853F8E380B3FCD7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7444771853F8E38005FDFC" blockId="5.[813,1458,1897,2027]" lastBlockId="7.[131,777,215,609]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7444751853F8E38529F81C" box="[813,1146,1897,1921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
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<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7444751853F8E382C4F81D" box="[813,919,1898,1921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
</smallCapsWord>
. —
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C74447518B9F8E38548F81C" box="[967,1051,1898,1921]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276
</materialsCitation>
, partial skeleton of a male. Associated elements include the partial left rostrum, fragmentary horizontal ramus of left mandible, left M1; all cervical vertebrae, including subcomplete atlas, partial axis, and Ce
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C7444751E61F8308432F84C" box="[1311,1377,1977,2001]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 in</quantity>
various conditions of preservation, four thoracic and three lumbar vertebrae in various conditions of preservation, multiple fragments of ribs, partial sacrum, six (seven?) caudal vertebrae in various conditions of preservation; complete left scapula, articular portion of the right scapula, subcomplete left and right humerus, incomplete left and right radii consisting of separated proximal epiphysis and distal extremity, abraded proximal half of the left ulna, and right ulna without olecranon process; anterior portion of right innominate, severely abraded portion of left innominate, partial baculum, left and right femur and (probably) right patella, (proximally fused) left and right tibia and fibula, subcomplete left and right astragalus, subcomplete left and right calcaneum, subcomplete left cuboid, partial right cuboid, subcomplete left navicular, partial right navicular, partial left and right ectocuneiforms, left Mt I-V, proximal portion of right Mt
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771B89FDA68059FDDB" box="[247,266,559,582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">II</collectionCode>
, three complete phalanges and fragments pertaining to multiple phalanges
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C77447619AEFEE4825EFDFF" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<table id="F90A80E44C77BB8F1968FEE48276FDFF" box="[534,805,365,610]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<tr id="353A70064C77BB8F1968FEE48276FE1C" box="[534,805,365,385]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C77BB8F19AEFEE48276FE1C" box="[720,805,365,385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">BRAZIL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C77BB8F1968FE108276FE30" box="[534,805,409,429]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C77BB8F194DFE1083F3FE30" box="[563,672,409,429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">PERU</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C77BB8F1968FE438276FE43" box="[534,805,458,478]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C77BB8F194DFE4383F3FE43" box="[563,672,458,478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Lima</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C77BB8F1968FE668276FDFF" box="[534,805,495,610]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<th id="76EB197A4C77BB8F1968FE668370FDFF" box="[534,547,495,610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7744761968FE778370FDD1" box="[534,547,510,588]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Pacific Ocea</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C77BB8F194DFE6683F3FDFF" box="[563,672,495,610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C774476193DFDC58303FDC9" box="[579,592,588,596]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">n</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C77BB8F19AEFE668276FDFF" box="[720,805,495,610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">BOLIVIA CHILE</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7744761951FBBD8062F88D" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<table id="F90A80E44C77BB8F1BF2FBBD83C4F88D" box="[140,663,1076,1808]" gridcols="2" gridrows="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<tr id="353A70064C77BB8F1BF2FBBD83C4FBFF" box="[140,663,1076,1122]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C77BB8F1AA2FBBD83C4FBFF" box="[476,663,1076,1122]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Cerro El Brujito</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C77BB8F1BF2FB1583C4FB54" box="[140,663,1180,1225]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C77BB8F1AA2FB1583C4FB54" box="[476,663,1180,1225]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">CLB level</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C77BB8F1BF2FAB283C4FAD0" box="[140,663,1339,1357]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C77BB8F1BF2FAB28062FAD0" box="[140,305,1339,1357]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Pampa de Amara</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C77BB8F1BF2FADD83C4FAE6" box="[140,663,1364,1403]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C77BB8F1AA2FADD83C4FAE6" box="[476,663,1364,1403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">7.45 ± 0.01 Ma Cerro La Bruja</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C77BB8F1BF2F97683C4F88D" box="[140,663,1791,1808]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C77BB8F1BF2F9768062F88D" box="[140,305,1791,1808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">2 km</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C7744761BFAF84B8442F874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671142" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671142/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" startId="6.[132,143,1986,2003]" targetBox="[132,1456,215,1865]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7744761BFAF84B8442F874" blockId="6.[132,1455,1986,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7744761BFAF84B81CEF84F" baselines="1999,1999" box="[132,157,1986,2003]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 1. — Geography and geology of the Cerro La Bruja Locality:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C77447619DFF84B83FDF84E" bold="true" box="[673,686,1986,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
, geographic location of the study area of Cerro La Bruja;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7744761FF3F84B85C9F84E" bold="true" box="[1165,1178,1986,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7744761FDAF84B85E1F84E" bold="true" box="[1188,1202,1986,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
, Google Earth photographs of the locality;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7744761B97F85181A4F874" bold="true" box="[233,247,2008,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
, geological map indicating the CLB level in the Cerro La Bruja locality, modified from
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C77447618C1F851853FF874" author="DI CELMA C. &amp; MALINVERNO E. &amp; BOSIO G. &amp; COLLARETA A. &amp; GARIBOLDI K. &amp; GIONCADA A. &amp; MOLLI G. &amp; BASSO D. &amp; VARAS-MALCA R. M. &amp; PIERANTONI P. P. &amp; VILLA I. M. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LANDINI W. &amp; SARTI G. &amp; CANTALAMESSA G. &amp; URBINA M. &amp; BIANUCCI G." box="[959,1132,2008,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" pagination="255 - 273" refId="ref47194" refString="DI CELMA C., MALINVERNO E., BOSIO G., COLLARETA A., GARIBOLDI K., GIONCADA A., MOLLI G., BASSO D., VARAS-MALCA R. M., PIERANTONI P. P., VILLA I. M., LAMBERT O., LANDINI W., SARTI G., CANTALAMESSA G., URBINA M. &amp; BIANUCCI G. 2017. - Sequence stratigraphy and paleontology of the Upper Miocene Pisco Formation along the western side of the lower Ica Valley (Ica Desert, Peru). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 123 (2): 255 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.13130 / 2039 - 4942 / 8373" type="journal article" year="2017">
Di Celma
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7744761F6FF8518569F874" box="[1041,1082,2008,2025]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2017
</bibRefCitation>
: appendix 2, fig. 2).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771BFAFDF0833CFC88" blockId="7.[131,776,633,842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771BFAFDF08094FD0C" box="[132,455,633,657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7644771BFAFDF081B8FD12" baselines="650,651" box="[132,235,633,656]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Paratypes" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7644771BFAFDF081B8FD12" box="[132,235,633,656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
</smallCapsWord>
. —
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771A6DFDF08036FD0C" box="[275,357,633,657]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269
</materialsCitation>
, subcomplete but slightly crushed cranium including left malleus; complete left and right mandibles dentition consisting of upper left I2, P3, and M1, upper right C, P1-P4, lower left c, p1, p3, p4, m1, and lower right c, p1-p4, m1; cervical vertebrae, including atlas, axis, and Ce3; manubrium; left scapholunar; proximal half of right Mc
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771978FD778373FC88" box="[518,544,766,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">III</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C764477192FFD778338FC88" box="[593,619,766,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">IV</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771BFAFC9180B3FCD7" blockId="7.[131,776,633,842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI277, partial skull consisting of the partial left rostrum and moderately fractured braincase.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31021CF4C7644771BFAFCEB803FF992" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771BFAFCEB803FF992" blockId="7.[130,775,866,1551]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7644771BFAFCEB81BFFCE5" baselines="883,884" box="[132,236,866,889]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. — A comparatively small lobodontin (i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C76447719FFFCEB83AEFCE7" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[641,765,866,890]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
), diagnosed by the following unique characters: six upper incisors (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771BAEFC1E807EFC32" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[208,301,919,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, but four in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771AA3FC1E8309FC32" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[477,602,919,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C76447719DDFC1E819DFC54" baseAuthorityName="Guiscardi" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Noriphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaudini">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C76447719DDFC1E819DFC54" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Noriphoca gaudini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the lower and upper branch of the transverse processes of Ce3-7 are clearly separated (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771950FC4283DEFC7E" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[558,653,971,995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C76447719E4FC4281BFFC63" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C76447719E4FC4281BFFC63" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7644771B8FFC6F8026FC60" box="[241,373,998,1022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also characterized among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C76447719F7FC6F8254FC63" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[649,775,998,1022]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
by the following unique set of characters: an extended premaxillanasal contact (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771A2AFB9280E6FBAE" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[340,437,1051,1075]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A2AFB9280E6FBAE" box="[340,437,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771ABCFB92837CFBAE" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[450,559,1051,1075]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771ABCFB92837CFBAE" box="[450,559,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C764477191AFB928381FBAE" box="[612,722,1051,1075]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C764477191AFB928381FBAE" box="[612,722,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the alveolar process of the maxilla facing anteroventrally posterior to P1 (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771B92FBD98005FBF5" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[236,342,1104,1128]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771B92FBD98005FBF5" box="[236,342,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771A1DFBD9809DFBF5" box="[355,462,1104,1128]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A1DFBD9809DFBF5" box="[355,462,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771AA7FBD9836FFBF5" box="[473,572,1104,1128]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771AA7FBD9836FFBF5" box="[473,572,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771910FBD983A5FBF5" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[622,758,1104,1128]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771910FBD983A5FBF5" box="[622,758,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), an insertion area for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A2DFBE280A1FB1F" box="[339,498,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">m. supraspinatus</emphasis>
on the scapula that is equal to or smaller than the insertion areas for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771961FB0C83E8FB00" box="[543,699,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">m. infraspinatus</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771990FB0C81B9FB2A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">m. teres major</emphasis>
(also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771A42FB1680CAFB2A" box="[316,409,1183,1207]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A42FB1680CAFB2A" box="[316,409,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a greater tubercle reaching the level of the humeral head (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771AE1FB33835EFB4F" box="[415,525,1210,1234]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771AE1FB33835EFB4F" box="[415,525,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771940FB3383F7FB4F" box="[574,676,1210,1234]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771940FB3383F7FB4F" box="[574,676,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the lack of a bicipital bar on the humerus (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771971FB5D833CFB71" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[527,623,1236,1260]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771971FB5D833CFB71" box="[527,623,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771902FB5D839DFB71" box="[636,718,1236,1260]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771902FB5D839DFB71" box="[636,718,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C76447719A4FB5C81B8FA9A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C76447719A4FB5C81B8FA9A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771A5FFB66802DFA9A" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[289,382,1263,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A5FFB66802DFA9A" box="[289,382,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a well-developed supinator ridge (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771BE3FA808059FABC" box="[157,266,1289,1313]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771BE3FA808059FABC" box="[157,266,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771A6BFA838000FABC" box="[277,339,1290,1313]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A6BFA838000FABC" box="[277,339,1290,1313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771A20FA80808DFABC" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[350,478,1289,1313]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A20FA80808DFABC" box="[350,478,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771A97FA808368FABC" box="[489,571,1289,1313]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A97FA808368FABC" box="[489,571,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C764477190EFA808387FABC" box="[624,724,1289,1313]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C764477190EFA808387FABC" box="[624,724,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the presence of an entepicondylar foramen (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771913FAAA8388FAA6" box="[621,731,1315,1339]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771913FAAA8388FAA6" box="[621,731,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771BF8FAB68190FACB" box="[134,195,1343,1366]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771BF8FAB68190FACB" box="[134,195,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771A67FAB78028FACB" authorityName="Dewaele, Lambert &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2018" box="[281,379,1342,1366]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A67FAB78028FACB" box="[281,379,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Frisiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a monachine genus of unknown tribal affinities), a deep groove for the
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771AB3FAD08254FAED" box="[461,775,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">m. extensor digitorum communis</emphasis>
tendon on the radius (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771AE2FAFA80AFFA16" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[412,508,1395,1419]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771AE2FAFA80AFFA16" box="[412,508,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771954FAFA83DDFA16" box="[554,654,1395,1419]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771954FAFA83DDFA16" box="[554,654,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), an anterodorsal iliac process located posterodorsal to the anteroventral iliac process (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771A56FA2180E0FA5D" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[296,435,1448,1472]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A56FA2180E0FA5D" box="[296,435,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a large and strongly protruding posteroventral iliac process (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771A90FA4A8378FA47" box="[494,555,1475,1498]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771A90FA4A8378FA47" box="[494,555,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a little reduced trochanteric fossa on the femur (also in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771960FA5483D8FA68" box="[542,651,1501,1525]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771960FA5483D8FA68" box="[542,651,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C76447719E7FA54838BFA69" box="[665,728,1501,1524]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C76447719E7FA54838BFA69" box="[665,728,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771998FA5481EDF992" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771998FA5481EDF992" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771B86FA7E800DF992" box="[248,350,1527,1551]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771B86FA7E800DF992" box="[248,350,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31021CF4C7644771BFAF9A4800BF933" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771BFAF9A4800BF933" blockId="7.[131,776,1580,1710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
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. — The specific name
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771AAFF9A58366F9D9" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[465,565,1580,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771AAFF9A58366F9D9" box="[465,565,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes from the Latin adjective ‘brevis’, short, and noun ‘rostrum’, snout, thus meaning short snout. The specific name is an anatomically descriptive name, highlighting the comparatively short snout of the species compared to other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771BA9F91F8007F933" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[215,340,1686,1710]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31021CF4C7644771BFAF942840AFAB1" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771BFAF9428254F960" blockId="7.[131,775,1739,1789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
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<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771BFAF94281E6F97C" box="[132,181,1739,1762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">TYPE</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7644771BC5F9598045F97C" baselines="1757" box="[187,278,1744,1761]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771BC5F9598045F97C" box="[187,278,1744,1761]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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. — All the specimens are from the locality of Cerro La Bruja in the
<collectingRegion id="49CEBCA64C7644771A6BF96F8062F960" box="[277,305,1766,1789]" country="Peru" name="Ica" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Ica</collectingRegion>
desert, and were discovered at the foot of the hill.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771BFAF89283B4F81C" blockId="7.[132,775,1818,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
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<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771BFAF89281E6F8AD" box="[132,181,1819,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">TYPE</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7644771BC3F8A9804BF8AC" baselines="1837" box="[189,280,1824,1841]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="horizon" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771BC3F8A9804BF8AC" box="[189,280,1824,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">HORIZON</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7644771A61F8A9801AF8AC" baselines="1837" box="[287,329,1824,1841]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771A61F8A9801AF8AC" box="[287,329,1824,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">AND</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7644771A2EF8A98026F8AC" baselines="1837" box="[336,373,1824,1841]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="age" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771A2EF8A98026F8AC" box="[336,373,1824,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">AGE</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
. — All the specimens are from the CLB level as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7644771A40F8BC8317F8D1" author="MUIZON C. DE &amp; DEVRIES T. J." box="[318,580,1844,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" pagination="547 - 563" refId="ref48979" refString="MUIZON C. DE &amp; DEVRIES T. J. 1985. - Geology and paleontology of late Cenozoic marine deposits in the Sacaco area (Peru). Geologische Rundschau 74 (3): 547 - 563. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01821211" type="journal article" year="1985">Muizon &amp; DeVries (1985)</bibRefCitation>
. This faunistic level corresponds to the very base (unit P2-1) of the P2 sequence of the Pisco Formation, which is as old as 8.4 Ma (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C764477194BF8E08388F81F" author="BOSIO G. &amp; MALINVERNO E. &amp; VILLA I. M. &amp; DI CELMA C. &amp; GARIBOLDI K. &amp; GIONCADA A. &amp; BARBERINI V. &amp; URBINA M. &amp; BIANUCCI G." box="[565,731,1897,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" pagination="213 - 247" refId="ref46419" refString="BOSIO G., MALINVERNO E., VILLA I. M., DI CELMA C., GARIBOLDI K., GIONCADA A., BARBERINI V., URBINA M. &amp; BIANUCCI G. 2020. - Tephrochronology and chronostratigraphy of the Miocene Chilcatay and Pisco formations (East Pisco basin, Peru). Newsletters on Stratigraphy 53: 213 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / nos / 2019 / 0525" type="journal article" year="2020">
Bosio
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C764477190CF8E383F2F81C" box="[626,673,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771BFAF81680BBF876" blockId="7.[132,775,1950,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7644771BFAF8168198F829" baselines="1969,1968" box="[132,203,1951,1975]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Other" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771BFAF8168198F829" box="[132,203,1951,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">OTHER</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7644771BACF82D8062F829" baselines="1968" box="[210,305,1956,1972]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="referred" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771BACF82D8062F829" box="[210,305,1956,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">REFERRED</collectionCode>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7644771A46F82D80CCF828" baselines="1969" box="[312,415,1956,1973]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="specimens" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771A46F82D80CCF828" box="[312,415,1956,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">SPECIMENS</collectionCode>
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. —
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771AB5F81683D1F82A" box="[459,642,1951,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7644771AB5F816834DF82A" box="[459,542,1951,1975]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI278
</materialsCitation>
, a partial rostrum including left C, P1 and P2, and right P1, partial horizontal rami of the left and right mandibles;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FF5E8462FEC4" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FF5E82B0FF72" box="[813,995,215,239]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI279</materialsCitation>
, subcomplete right humerus, highly incomplete left humerus preserved as separated proximal and distal portions, pathologic distal half of radius, proximal epiphysis of right radius, left Mc I, fragments of indeterminate phalanges, five anterior thoracic vertebrae, several rib fragments, and three sternebrae;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FED2858AFE13" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FED282B7FEEE" box="[813,996,347,371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI280</materialsCitation>
, partial left radius missing the distal epiphysis, partial right ulna missing the distal portion;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FE198465FE35" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" box="[813,1334,400,424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FE1982B0FE35" box="[813,995,400,424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI281</materialsCitation>
, isolated subcomplete right femur;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FE2284E3FE40" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FE2282B4FE5E" box="[813,999,427,451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI282,</materialsCitation>
partial right hind limb with distal portions of tibia and fibula, astragalus, calcaneum, navicular, incomplete cuboid;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FE698447FE6A" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" box="[813,1300,479,504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FE6982B0FE65" box="[813,995,480,504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI283</materialsCitation>
, distal portion of left humerus;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FE738423FDB1" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FE7382B7FD8F" box="[813,996,506,530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI284</materialsCitation>
, left partial hind limb with strongly weathered femur, proximal portion of tibia, astragalus and calcaneum;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FDA685BEFDDA" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" box="[813,1261,559,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FDA682B0FDDA" box="[813,995,559,583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI285</materialsCitation>
, proximal half a right ulna;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FDC084F1FDFC" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" box="[813,1442,585,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FDC082B0FDFC" box="[813,995,585,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI286</materialsCitation>
, proximal and distal extremities of right tibia;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FDED84FDFD78" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FDED828EFDE1" box="[813,989,612,636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI287</materialsCitation>
, strongly weathered elements of hind limbs including distal extremity of right tibia, right and left partial astragali; right and left almost complete calcanea, right navicular, right incomplete cuboid, right and left ectocuneiforms; proximal extremity of left Mt II and III; complete left Mt IV and V, proximal half of right Mt IV;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FD61845DFC87" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FD6182B5FC9D" box="[813,998,744,768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI288</materialsCitation>
, left innominate strongly weathered medially and missing posterior ends of pubis and ischium;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FC9485DCFCF7" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FC9482B0FCA8" box="[813,995,797,821]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI289</materialsCitation>
, partial right innominate (missing ventral angle of ilium and posterior parts of ischium and pubis) and complete right femur with unfused epiphyses;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FCE5828DFC49" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FCE582B7FC19" box="[813,996,876,900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI290</materialsCitation>
, limb elements of a juvenile individual (all lacking epiphyses): distal part of right scapula, right and left humeri, right radius, right innominate missing posterior parts of pubis and ischium, left tibia;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FC5F85ABFC73" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" box="[813,1272,982,1006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FC5F82B0FC73" box="[813,995,982,1006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI291</materialsCitation>
, left innominate of juvenile;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FC7884E3FB94" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" box="[813,1456,1009,1033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FC78828CFB94" box="[813,991,1009,1033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI292</materialsCitation>
Proximal half of severely weathered left humerus;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FB828530FBA0" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FB8282B5FBBE" box="[813,998,1035,1059]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI293</materialsCitation>
complete left astragalus and right astragalus missing talus (same individual);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FBC98414FBEF" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FBC982B1FBC5" box="[813,994,1088,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI294</materialsCitation>
, fragmentary skull (including well-preserved left ear region), partial mandible, atlas and centrum of axis;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FBFC85C8FB6B" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FBFC82B0FB10" box="[813,995,1141,1165]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI295</materialsCitation>
, three anterior thoracic vertebrae, some rib fragments, right scapholunar, magnum, trapezium, trapezoid, right McII, IV, and V, left McI, and III, one right proximal phalanx, proximal part of left proximal phalanx, one right (?) middle phalanx, two ungual phalanges missing distal apex;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FB70844BFA8C" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" box="[813,1304,1273,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FB7082B0FA8C" box="[813,995,1273,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI296</materialsCitation>
, isolated incomplete left femur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FA9D840AFAB1" blockId="7.[811,1457,215,1324]" box="[813,1369,1300,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B6278194C7644771853FA9D82B0FAB1" box="[813,995,1300,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">MNHN.F.PPI297</materialsCitation>
, right McI missing proximal epiphysis
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31021CF4C76444C1853FAFA8255FB73" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FAFA85A7FA10" blockId="7.[813,1268,1395,1421]" box="[813,1268,1395,1421]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISON</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FA3A823CFA51" blockId="7.[810,1456,1459,2028]" box="[813,879,1459,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7644771853FA3A823CFA51" baselines="1478,1479" box="[813,879,1459,1485]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Skull" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">SKULL</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644771853FA5A822EFA70" blockId="7.[810,1456,1459,2028]" box="[813,893,1491,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771853FA5A822EFA70" box="[813,893,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">General</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7644781853FA7A8340F9D1" blockId="7.[810,1456,1459,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[130,776,1459,2028]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
Our cranial sample of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771F7EFA7A858AF990" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1024,1241,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771F7EFA7A858AF990" box="[1024,1241,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7644771FA1FA7A8433F990" box="[1247,1376,1523,1549]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" rank="species">n.gen.,n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
consists of
<specimenCount id="9D0CB9CD4C764477183DF99B82B3F9B1" box="[835,992,1554,1580]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
, including the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7644771F0BF99B8583F9B1" box="[1141,1232,1554,1580]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(MNHN.F.PPI276),
<specimenCount id="9D0CB9CD4C7644771853F9BA82E8F9D0" box="[813,955,1587,1613]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">two paratypes</specimenCount>
(MNHN.F.PPI269,MNHN.F.PPI277), and an anterior portion of a rostrum (MNHN.F.PPI278).The
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7644771E2DF9DB84FEF9F1" box="[1363,1453,1618,1644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
includes a toothless partial left rostrum (maxilla and premaxilla).
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C764477181BF91A8292F930" box="[869,961,1683,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
MNHN.F.PPI269 is subcomplete (skull and mandibles) but significantly fractured and distorted.
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7644771E2BF93A84E3F950" box="[1365,1456,1715,1741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
MNHN.F.PPI277 is a left maxilla and associated moderately fractured braincase and basicranium. MNHN.F.PPI269 and MNHN.F.PPI278 are referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771FF9F89B85A8F8B1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1159,1275,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771FF9F89B85A8F8B1" box="[1159,1275,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7644771E7CF89B8418F8B1" box="[1282,1355,1810,1836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, based on the presence of three upper incisors as on the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7644771E7FF8B88430F8D6" box="[1281,1379,1841,1867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. This is an uncommon feature among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771F10F8D885A4F8F6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1134,1271,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, which is present only in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C76447718FEF8F88510F816" baseAuthorityName="Guiscardi" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[896,1091,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Noriphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaudini">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C76447718FEF8F88510F816" box="[896,1091,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Noriphoca gaudini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the early (?) Miocene of the
<collectingRegion id="49CEBCA64C7644771853F8188298F836" box="[813,971,1937,1963]" country="Italy" name="Abruzzo" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Abruzzo region</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F31D32D44C76447718A9F818855AF836" box="[983,1033,1937,1963]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Italy</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7644771F60F81885ECF836" author="GUISCARDI G." box="[1054,1215,1937,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref47673" refString="GUISCARDI G. 1871. - Sopra un teschio fossile di foca. Rendiconti dell'Accademia delle Science Fisiche e Matematiche 5: 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1871">Guiscardi 1871</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7644771FB5F81884F2F836" author="DEWAELE L. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S." box="[1227,1441,1937,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" pagination="171669" refId="ref47010" refString="DEWAELE L., LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2018 a. - A critical revision of the fossil record, stratigraphy and diversity of the Neogene seal genus Monotherium (Carnivora, Phocidae). Royal Society Open Science 5: Article 171669. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 171669" type="journal article" year="2018">
Dewaele
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7644771E57F81B8409F836" box="[1321,1370,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2018a
</bibRefCitation>
). Other fossil and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7644771F59F83885FEF856" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1063,1197,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
have two upper incisors (see below).
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C76447718D1F8588541F876" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[943,1042,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
also have three upper incisors, but several other features of MNHN.F.PPI276, MNHN.F.PPI269, MNHN.F.PPI277, and MNHN.F.PPI278 also support their identification as monachines (see below). MNHN.F.PPI277 is referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781A6DF99B80DAF9B1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[275,393,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781A6DF99B80DAF9B1" box="[275,393,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7944781AF1F99A8089F9B0" box="[399,474,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
based on similarities on the basicranium and maxilla (see below).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C7944781BFAFAAF835CFAE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671144" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671144/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" startId="8.[132,143,1318,1335]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1276]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7944781BFAFAAF835CFAE6" blockId="8.[132,1455,1318,1403]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7944781BFAFAAF81CEFAAA" baselines="1331,1332" box="[132,157,1318,1335]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 2. — Rostrum of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781A44FAAF8353FAAA" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[314,512,1318,1335]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781A44FAAF8353FAAA" box="[314,512,1318,1335]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C794478197BFAAF832FFAAA" box="[517,636,1318,1335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C794478180DFAAF82D3FAAA" bold="true" box="[883,896,1318,1335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
, rostrum in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781F2CFAAF850CFAAA" bold="true" box="[1106,1119,1318,1335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
, same rostrum in ventral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781E17FAAF8424FAAA" bold="true" box="[1385,1399,1318,1335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
, same rostrum in left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781A18FAB480D5FAD3" bold="true" box="[358,390,1341,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">D -F</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured,or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxilla in green.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Other abbreviation:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781BD0FAE38197FAE6" bold="true" box="[174,196,1386,1403]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">iof</emphasis>
, infraorbital foramen. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7944781BE5F9DB80B8F910" blockId="8.[130,776,1459,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
The dental formula of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781AFDF9DB80ABF9F1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[387,504,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781AFDF9DB80ABF9F1" box="[387,504,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C794478197EF9DA831BF9F0" box="[512,584,1619,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is I3/2 C1/1 4/4P 1/1M (char. 39[0], 42[0], 51[1]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7944781BE5F91A85F4F9B0" blockId="8.[130,776,1459,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[812,1457,1459,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
Most of the specimens lack the incisors. Only left I1 and I3 are present in MNHN.F.PPI278 and left I2 is preserved on MNHN.F.PPI276. None of the lower incisors are known. The dental formula of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781A11F97B80B6F891" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[367,485,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781A11F97B80B6F891" box="[367,485,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7944781A92F97B8366F891" box="[492,565,1778,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
corresponds to that of the general condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781AC3F89B8374F8B1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[445,551,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
. The general dental formula of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781A7FF8B880D4F8D6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[257,391,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(other than
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C794478196EF8B883D5F8D6" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[528,646,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C794478196EF8B883D5F8D6" box="[528,646,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C79447819F2F8BB838BF8D1" box="[652,728,1842,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781BFBF8D881A3F8F6" box="[133,240,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Noriphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781BFBF8D881A3F8F6" box="[133,240,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Noriphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is I2/2 C1/1 P4/4 M1/1 with two upper incisors instead of three. Exceptions are the extant monachine genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781BFAF81B81BFF836" box="[132,236,1938,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781BFAF81B81BFF836" box="[132,236,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the extant phocine species
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781940F8188253F836" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[574,768,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Cystophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristata">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781940F8188253F836" box="[574,768,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Cystophora cristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have dental formulas I2/1 C1/1 P4/4 M1/1, with two upper and one lower incisor (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7944781A8FF8588336F876" author="KING J. E." box="[497,613,2001,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="385 - 398" refId="ref48057" refString="KING J. E. 1966. - Relationships of the hooded and elephant seals (genera Cystophora and Mirounga). Journal of Zoology 148: 385 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1966. tb 02958. x" type="journal article" year="1966">King 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C794478190DF85B8237FA50" author="BERTA A. &amp; WYSS A. R." box="[627,868,1459,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="33 - 56" refId="ref46096" refString="BERTA A. &amp; WYSS A. R. 1994. - Pinniped phylogeny. Proceedings of San Diego Society of Natural History 29: 33 - 56." type="journal article" year="1994">Berta &amp; Wyss 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C794478180BFA3A85B7FA50" author="BININDA-EMONDS O. R. P. &amp; RUSSELL A. P." box="[885,1252,1459,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref46362" refString="BININDA-EMONDS O. R. P. &amp; RUSSELL A. P. 1996. - A morphological perspective on the phylogenetic relationships of the extant phocid seals (Mammalia: Carnivora: Phocidae). Bonner Zoologische Monographien 41: 1 - 256. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 44795135" type="journal article" year="1996">Bininda-Emonds &amp; Russell 1996</bibRefCitation>
). The retention of a third upper incisors in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781F3FFA5A85E4FA70" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1089,1207,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781F3FFA5A85E4FA70" box="[1089,1207,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7944781FC0FA5A8459FA70" box="[1214,1290,1491,1517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781E3DFA5A84FCFA70" box="[1347,1455,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Noriphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781E3DFA5A84FCFA70" box="[1347,1455,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Noriphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a plesiomorphy present in all
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781FE3FA7A844AF990" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1181,1305,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pinnipedia" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Pinnipedia</taxonomicName>
, except other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781851F99B85F3F9B0" authority="(Berta &amp; Wyss 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[815,1184,1554,1581]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">
Monachinae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C79447818BDF99A85CBF9B0" author="BERTA A. &amp; WYSS A. R." box="[963,1176,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" pagination="33 - 56" refId="ref46096" refString="BERTA A. &amp; WYSS A. R. 1994. - Pinniped phylogeny. Proceedings of San Diego Society of Natural History 29: 33 - 56." type="journal article" year="1994">Berta &amp; Wyss 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7944781853F9DB85C6F9F1" blockId="8.[810,1457,1618,2028]" box="[813,1173,1618,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7944781853F9DB82C6F9F6" baselines="1637,1638" box="[813,917,1618,1644]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Cranium" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">CRANIUM</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C79447818DBF9DB8558F9F1" box="[933,1035,1618,1645]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStart-5="FIG" captionStart-6="FIG" captionStart-7="FIG" captionStart-8="FIG" captionStartId-0="8.[132,143,1318,1335]" captionStartId-1="10.[132,143,1391,1408]" captionStartId-2="12.[131,142,1397,1414]" captionStartId-3="13.[132,143,1329,1346]" captionStartId-4="14.[132,143,1335,1352]" captionStartId-5="16.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionStartId-6="17.[132,143,1811,1828]" captionStartId-7="18.[132,143,861,878]" captionStartId-8="19.[132,143,1192,1209]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1455,215,1276]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1456,201,1359]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1456,205,1366]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1456,197,1298]" captionTargetBox-4="[132,868,215,1293]" captionTargetBox-5="[132,1456,205,1893]" captionTargetBox-6="[132,1455,215,1778]" captionTargetBox-7="[131,1457,213,820]" captionTargetBox-8="[132,1455,214,1150]" captionTargetId-0="figure-335@8.[698,1267,213,746]" captionTargetId-1="figure-308@10.[698,1079,213,1065]" captionTargetId-2="figure-401@12.[698,1267,213,786]" captionTargetId-3="figure-375@13.[698,983,482,1288]" captionTargetId-4="figure-324@14.[131,700,753,1295]" captionTargetId-5="figure-26@16.[604,889,675,1508]" captionTargetId-6="figure-78@17.[698,794,765,1779]" captionTargetId-7="figure-633@18.[792,1456,213,733]" captionTargetId-8="graphics-461@19.[528,1455,215,1150]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="14" captionTargetPageId-6="17" captionTargetPageId-7="18" captionTargetPageId-8="19" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured,or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxilla in green.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Other abbreviation: iof, infraorbital foramen. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, cranium in dorsal view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,nasals in purple,jugal in blue.Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures separating the bones.Dashed lines represent the presumed sutures between the maxillae and frontals.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 4. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in dorsal view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxilla in yellow, nasals in purple. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures separating the bones. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in ventral view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,jugals in blue, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-4="FIG. 6. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in ventral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxillae in yellow, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-5="FIG. 7. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in left lateral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing; C, same cranium in right lateral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow, jugal in blue, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-6="FIG. 8. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in left lateral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing; C, same cranium in right lateral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxilla in yellow, nasals in purple, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-7="FIG. 9. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI278): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-8="FIG. 10. — Auditory region of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp.:A, right auditory region of paratype MNHN.F.PPI269 in ventral view;B, corresponding line drawing; C, left auditory region of paratype MNHN.F.PPI277 in ventral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix; unless cavities and foramina filled with sediment. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671144" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671146" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671150" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671152" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671156" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671158" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671160" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671162" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671164" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10671144/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10671146/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10671150/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10671152/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10671156/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10671158/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10671160/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/10671162/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/10671164/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Figs 2-10</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C7944781F67F9DB85DFF9F1" box="[1049,1164,1618,1645]" captionStart-0="TABLE" captionStart-1="TABLE" captionStart-2="TABLE" captionStartId-0="9.[132,143,220,237]" captionStartId-1="9.[132,143,515,532]" captionStartId-2="11.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="TABLE 1. — Comparative measurement (in mm) in the four specimens of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. including cranial remains. Abbreviations: LLTR, length of the lower cheek tooth row; LP1-3, length of upper P1-3 tooth row; LUTR, length of upper cheek tooth row; WAC, maximum width of the alveolus of upper canine; WRC, maximum width of rostrum at the level of the canines; WUC, width of upper canine." captionText-1="TABLE 2. — Comparative measurements (in mm) of the crania of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. in comparison with other Monachinae and selected Phocinae. Abbreviations: BZW, bizygomatic width; BCW, bicondylar width; GLFW, width at level of lateral edges of glenoid fossae; MPW, width between mastoid processes; PLWM1, palate width at level of posterior root of M1s; WAC, maximum width of alveolus of upper canine; WRPP, width of rostrum at preorbital processes; e, estimate." captionText-2="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of the cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations; e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFD8A801BFDC5" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" tableUuid-0="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87" tableUuid-1="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFD8A801BFDC5" tableUuid-2="DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E">Tables 1-3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7944781853F9FB822EF911" blockId="8.[810,1457,1618,2028]" box="[813,893,1650,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781853F9FB822EF911" box="[813,893,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">General</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7944791853F91B8250F816" blockId="8.[810,1457,1618,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[130,776,1746,2028]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
Within our sample of
<specimenCount id="9D0CB9CD4C7944781F71F91B85F8F931" box="[1039,1195,1682,1708]" count="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7944781FB6F91B84FEF931" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1224,1453,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7944781FB6F91B84FEF931" box="[1224,1453,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7944781853F93A82EAF950" box="[813,953,1715,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
including cranial remains, MNHN.F.PPI278 is the largest, followed by the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7944781F39F95B85FBF971" box="[1095,1192,1746,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The rostrum of
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7944781E2DF95B84FDF971" box="[1363,1454,1746,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
MNHN.F.PPI277 is incompletely preserved, but the size of the braincase and basicranium suggests that the individuals MNHN.F.PPI269 and MNHN.F.PPI277 are of similar size. Ranking the
<specimenCount id="9D0CB9CD4C79447818D4F8D88513F8F6" box="[938,1088,1873,1899]" count="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
according to size:MNHN.F.PPI269 (
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C794478184FF8F882DFF816" box="[817,908,1905,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) ≈ MNHN.F.PPI277 (
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7944781F09F8F88581F816" box="[1143,1234,1905,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) &lt;MNHN.F.PPI276 (
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C794478184AF81882C4F836" box="[820,919,1937,1963]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) &lt;MNHN.F.PPI278. Because the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7944781E5CF81884D1F836" box="[1314,1410,1937,1963]" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is a male (since the specimen includes a baculum) we suggest that the large rostrum of MNHN.F.PPI278 is that of a male too. Therefore, the
<specimenCount id="9D0CB9CD4C7844791A32F95B80B3F971" box="[332,480,1746,1772]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">two paratypes</specimenCount>
, which are distinctly smaller than the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7844791B9CF97B8012F891" box="[226,321,1778,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
could be females since sexual dimorphism is widespread among pinnipeds (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7844791961F89B83ABF8B1" author="JEFFERSON T. A. &amp; WEBBER M. A. &amp; PITMAN R. L." box="[543,760,1810,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" refId="ref47933" refString="JEFFERSON T. A., WEBBER M. A. &amp; PITMAN R. L. 2008. - Marine Mammals of the World: a Comprehensive Guide to their Identification. Elsevier / Academic Press, Amsterdam, 573 p." type="book" year="2008">
Jefferson
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C78447919FDF89B83EBF8B1" box="[643,696,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). Quantitative data supporting this hypothesis are provided in
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C7844791BDCF8D881A0F8F1" box="[162,243,1873,1900]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="9.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 1. — Comparative measurement (in mm) in the four specimens of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. including cranial remains. Abbreviations: LLTR, length of the lower cheek tooth row; LP1-3, length of upper P1-3 tooth row; LUTR, length of upper cheek tooth row; WAC, maximum width of the alveolus of upper canine; WRC, maximum width of rostrum at the level of the canines; WUC, width of upper canine." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87">Table 1</tableCitation>
, in which all the measurements of the male and inferred male are greater than those of the inferred females.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" startId="9.[132,143,220,237]" targetBox="[134,1435,340,470]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87" blockId="9.[132,1455,220,282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7844791BFAFF5581E1FF71" baselines="233,233" box="[132,178,220,237]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
1. — Comparative measurement (in mm) in the four specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C784479199EFF5582F6FF70" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[736,933,220,237]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C784479199EFF5582F6FF70" box="[736,933,220,237]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C78447918D5FF55854CFF70" box="[939,1055,220,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
including cranial remains. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791E05FF5584F9FF70" bold="true" box="[1403,1450,220,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">LLTR</emphasis>
, length of the lower cheek tooth row;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791AC4FF7B80BEFE9E" bold="true" box="[442,493,242,259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">LP1-3</emphasis>
, length of upper P1-3 tooth row;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791879FF7B826AFE9E" bold="true" box="[775,825,242,259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">LUTR</emphasis>
, length of upper cheek tooth row;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791F23FF7B85DAFE9E" bold="true" box="[1117,1161,242,259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">WAC</emphasis>
, maximum width of the alveolus of upper canine;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791B82FE80807AFE87" bold="true" box="[252,297,265,282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">WRC</emphasis>
, maximum width of rostrum at the level of the canines;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791989FE808277FE87" bold="true" box="[759,804,265,282]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">WUC</emphasis>
, width of upper canine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7844791BF8FEDD84C1FE49" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<table id="F90A80E44C78BB8F1BF8FEDD84C8FE4B" box="[134,1435,340,470]" gridcols="7" gridrows="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FEDD84C8FEF5" box="[134,1435,340,360]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FEDD83A7FEF5" box="[134,756,340,360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FEDD81B8FEF5" bold="true" box="[134,235,340,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FEDD82EAFEF5" box="[807,953,340,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791828FEDD82DAFEF5" bold="true" box="[854,905,340,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">WRC</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1890FEDD8570FEF5" box="[1006,1059,340,360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791890FEDD8572FEF5" bold="true" box="[1006,1057,340,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">WAC</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F37FEDD85D1FEF5" box="[1097,1154,340,360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791F37FEDD85D1FEF5" bold="true" box="[1097,1154,340,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">LUTR</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FD8FEDD85B1FEF5" box="[1190,1250,340,360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791FD8FEDD85B1FEF5" bold="true" box="[1190,1250,340,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">LP1-3</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E76FEDD846DFEF5" box="[1288,1342,340,360]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791E76FEDD846DFEF5" bold="true" box="[1288,1342,340,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">LLTR</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E19FEDD84C8FEF5" box="[1383,1435,340,360]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791E19FEDD84C8FEF5" bold="true" box="[1383,1435,340,360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">WUC</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FEF184C8FE10" box="[134,1435,376,397]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FEF183A7FE10" box="[134,756,376,397]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FEF18035FE11" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,358,376,396]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FEF18035FE11" box="[134,358,376,396]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791A12FEF180BCFE11" box="[364,495,376,396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI276; male)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FEF182EAFE10" box="[807,953,376,397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">22.5 × 2 = 45,0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1890FEF18570FE10" box="[1006,1059,376,397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">9.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F37FEF185D1FE10" box="[1097,1154,376,397]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">63.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FD8FEF185B1FE10" box="[1190,1250,376,397]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">36.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E76FEF1846DFE10" box="[1288,1342,376,397]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">60.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E19FEF184C8FE10" box="[1383,1435,376,397]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791EFEFEF184D8FE11" box="[1408,1419,376,396]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FE1984C8FE39" box="[134,1435,400,420]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FE1983A7FE39" box="[134,756,400,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FE198035FE39" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,358,400,420]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FE198035FE39" box="[134,358,400,420]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791A12FE1980BCFE39" box="[364,495,400,420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI278; male?)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FE1982EAFE39" box="[807,953,400,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">46.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1890FE198570FE39" box="[1006,1059,400,420]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">10.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FD8FE1985B1FE39" box="[1190,1250,400,420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">38.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E76FE19846DFE39" box="[1288,1342,400,420]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">63.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E19FE1984C8FE39" box="[1383,1435,400,420]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">8.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FE2184C8FE21" box="[134,1435,424,444]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FE2183A7FE21" box="[134,756,424,444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FE218035FE21" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,358,424,444]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FE218035FE21" box="[134,358,424,444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791A12FE2180BCFE21" box="[364,495,424,444]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI277; female?)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FE2182EAFE21" box="[807,953,424,444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791814FE218226FE21" box="[874,885,424,444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1890FE218570FE21" box="[1006,1059,424,444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">8.5e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F37FE2185D1FE21" box="[1097,1154,424,444]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">60.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FD8FE2185B1FE21" box="[1190,1250,424,444]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">33.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E76FE21846DFE21" box="[1288,1342,424,444]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791E5FFE21847FFE21" box="[1313,1324,424,444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E19FE2184C8FE21" box="[1383,1435,424,444]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791EFEFE2184D8FE21" box="[1408,1419,424,444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FE4984C8FE4B" box="[134,1435,448,470]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FE4983A7FE4B" box="[134,756,448,470]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FE498035FE49" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,358,448,468]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FE498035FE49" box="[134,358,448,468]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791A12FE4980BCFE49" box="[364,495,448,468]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI269; female?)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FE4982EAFE4B" box="[807,953,448,470]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">21.0 × 2 = 42.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1890FE498570FE4B" box="[1006,1059,448,470]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">8.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F37FE4985D1FE4B" box="[1097,1154,448,470]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">60.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FD8FE4985B1FE4B" box="[1190,1250,448,470]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">32.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E76FE49846DFE4B" box="[1288,1342,448,470]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">56.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E19FE4984C8FE4B" box="[1383,1435,448,470]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">7.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFD8A801BFDC5" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFD8A801BFDC5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFD8A801BFDC5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" startId="9.[132,143,515,532]" targetBox="[134,1454,658,1687]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7844791BFAFD8A801BFDC5" blockId="9.[132,1456,515,600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7844791BFAFD8A81E1FD8E" baselines="528,528" box="[132,178,515,532]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
2. — Comparative measurements (in mm) of the crania of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C78447919ECFD8A8205FD89" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[658,854,515,532]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C78447919ECFD8A8205FD89" box="[658,854,515,532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791827FD8A8298FD89" box="[857,971,515,532]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in comparison with other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791FE1FD8A8456FD89" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1183,1285,515,532]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
and selected
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791E07FD8A81F6FDB6" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791A52FD938004FDB6" bold="true" box="[300,343,538,555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">BZW</emphasis>
, bizygomatic width;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791978FD938360FDB6" bold="true" box="[518,563,538,555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">BCW</emphasis>
, bicondylar width;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C78447919ABFD938258FDB6" bold="true" box="[725,779,538,555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">GLFW</emphasis>
, width at level of lateral edges of glenoid fossae;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791FCEFD93858CFDB6" bold="true" box="[1200,1247,538,555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">MPW</emphasis>
, width between mastoid processes;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791B98FDB98079FDDC" bold="true" box="[230,298,560,577]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">PLWM1</emphasis>
, palate width at level of posterior root of M1s;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C78447919C3FDB983BAFDDC" bold="true" box="[701,745,560,577]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">WAC</emphasis>
, maximum width of alveolus of upper canine;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791F0DFDB985F8FDDC" bold="true" box="[1139,1195,560,577]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">WRPP</emphasis>
, width of rostrum at preorbital processes;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791B9BFDCE81A3FDC5" bold="true" box="[229,240,583,600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">e</emphasis>
, estimate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7844791BF8FD1B84D6F90A" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<table id="F90A80E44C78BB8F1BF8FD1B84FDF90A" box="[134,1454,658,1687]" gridcols="7" gridrows="40" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FD1B84FDFD3B" box="[134,1454,658,678]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FD1B833EFD3B" box="[134,621,658,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FD1B81B8FD3B" bold="true" box="[134,235,658,678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FD1B8242FD3B" box="[652,785,658,678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C78447919C8FD1B83B4FD3B" bold="true" box="[694,743,658,678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">BZW</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FD1B82F2FD3B" box="[807,929,658,678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C784479183AFD1B8229FD3B" bold="true" box="[836,890,658,678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">MPW</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FD1B8557FD3B" box="[951,1028,658,678]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C78447918C9FD1B82A4FD3B" bold="true" box="[951,1015,658,678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">WRPP</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FD1B8524FD3B" box="[1065,1143,658,678]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791F57FD1B8524FD3B" bold="true" box="[1065,1143,658,678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">PLWM1</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FD1B85A9FD3B" box="[1178,1274,658,678]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791FB9FD1B85A9FD3B" bold="true" box="[1223,1274,658,678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">BCW</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FD1B84FDFD3B" box="[1357,1454,658,678]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791E33FD1B84D8FD3B" bold="true" box="[1357,1419,658,678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">GLFW</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FD3F84FDFD56" box="[134,1454,694,715]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FD3F833EFD56" box="[134,621,694,715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FD3F8035FD57" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,358,694,714]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FD3F8035FD57" box="[134,358,694,714]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791A12FD3F80BCFD57" box="[364,495,694,714]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FD3F8242FD56" box="[652,785,694,715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FD3F82F2FD56" box="[807,929,694,715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FD3F85A9FD56" box="[951,1274,694,715]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">– 31.9 × 2 = 63.8 –</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FD3F84FDFD56" box="[1357,1454,694,715]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FD4684FDFD7E" box="[134,1454,719,739]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FD4684FDFD7E" box="[134,1454,719,739]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">(MNHN.F.PPI276; male)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FD6E84FDFD66" box="[134,1454,743,763]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FD6E833EFD66" box="[134,621,743,763]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FD6E8035FD66" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,358,743,763]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FD6E8035FD66" box="[134,358,743,763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791A12FD6E80BCFD66" box="[364,495,743,763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FD6E8242FD66" box="[652,785,743,763]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FD6E82F2FD66" box="[807,929,743,763]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FD6E8557FD66" box="[951,1028,743,763]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FD6E8524FD66" box="[1065,1143,743,763]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FD6E85A9FD66" box="[1178,1274,743,763]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FD6E84FDFD66" box="[1357,1454,743,763]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FC8884FDFC88" box="[134,1454,769,789]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FC8884FDFC88" box="[134,1454,769,789]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">(MNHN.F.PPI278; male?)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FC9084FDFCB0" box="[134,1454,793,813]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FC90833EFCB0" box="[134,621,793,813]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FC908035FCB0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,358,793,813]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FC908035FCB0" box="[134,358,793,813]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791A12FC9080BCFCB0" box="[364,495,793,813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FC908242FCB0" box="[652,785,793,813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">132e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FC9082F2FCB0" box="[807,929,793,813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">120.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FC908557FCB0" box="[951,1028,793,813]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FC908524FCB0" box="[1065,1143,793,813]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FC9085A9FCB0" box="[1178,1274,793,813]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">58.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FC9084FDFCB0" box="[1357,1454,793,813]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">122.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FCBA84FDFCDA" box="[134,1454,819,839]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FCBA84FDFCDA" box="[134,1454,819,839]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">(MNHN.F.PPI277; female?)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FCC284FDFCC2" box="[134,1454,843,863]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FCC2833EFCC2" box="[134,621,843,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FCC28035FCC2" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,358,843,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FCC28035FCC2" box="[134,358,843,863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791A12FCC280BCFCC2" box="[364,495,843,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FCC28242FCC2" box="[652,785,843,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">136</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FCC282F2FCC2" box="[807,929,843,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">129.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FCC28557FCC2" box="[951,1028,843,863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">49e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FCC28524FCC2" box="[1065,1143,843,863]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">63e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FCC285A9FCC2" box="[1178,1274,843,863]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">60.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FCC284FDFCC2" box="[1357,1454,843,863]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">130</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FCEC84FDFCE4" box="[134,1454,869,889]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FCEC84FDFCE4" box="[134,1454,869,889]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">(MNHN.F.PPI269; female?)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FC0084FDFC00" box="[134,1454,905,925]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FC0084FDFC00" box="[134,1454,905,925]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FC0080DEFC00" bold="true" box="[134,397,905,925]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
Other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791A6EFC0080DEFC00" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[272,397,905,925]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FC2884FDFC2B" box="[134,1454,929,950]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FC28833EFC2B" box="[134,621,929,950]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FC28800FFC28" baseAuthorityName="MNHN. F. SAS" baseAuthorityYear="1654" box="[134,348,929,949]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FC28800FFC28" box="[134,348,929,949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Acrophoca longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN.F.SAS563)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FC288242FC2B" box="[652,785,929,950]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">63 × 2 = 126e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FC2882F2FC2B" box="[807,929,929,950]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">38.75 × 2 =</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FC288557FC2B" box="[951,1028,929,950]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FC288524FC2B" box="[1065,1143,929,950]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">41.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FC2884FDFC2B" box="[1178,1454,929,950]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">31.5 × 2 = 63e 63 × 2 = 126e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FC3384FDFC53" box="[134,1454,954,974]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FC3382F2FC53" box="[807,929,954,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">77.5e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FC5B84FDFC75" box="[134,1454,978,1000]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FC5B833EFC75" box="[134,621,978,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FC5B8373FC7B" authority="(MNHN. F. SAS 1654)" baseAuthorityName="MNHN. F. SAS" baseAuthorityYear="1654" box="[134,544,978,998]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FC5B800FFC7B" box="[134,348,978,998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Acrophoca longirostris</emphasis>
(MNHN.F.SAS1654)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FC5B82F2FC75" box="[652,929,978,1000]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">66 × 2 = 132e 58 × 2 = 116e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FC5B8557FC75" box="[951,1028,978,1000]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">57e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FC5B8524FC75" box="[1065,1143,978,1000]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FC5B84FDFC75" box="[1178,1454,978,1000]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">30.5 × 2 = 61e 60 × 2 = 120e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FC6284FDFC62" box="[134,1454,1003,1023]" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FC62833EFC62" box="[134,621,1003,1023]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FC6280EFFC62" authority="(MUSM 1662)" baseAuthorityName="MUSM" baseAuthorityYear="1662" box="[134,444,1003,1023]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FC628061FC62" box="[134,306,1003,1023]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hadrokirus martini</emphasis>
(MUSM 1662)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FC628242FC62" box="[652,785,1003,1023]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">140</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FC6282F2FC62" box="[807,929,1003,1023]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">122</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FC628557FC62" box="[951,1028,1003,1023]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">113.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FC628524FC62" box="[1065,1143,1003,1023]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">66.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FC6285A9FC62" box="[1178,1274,1003,1023]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">47e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FC6284FDFC62" box="[1357,1454,1003,1023]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">129.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FB8A84FDFB8A" box="[134,1454,1027,1047]" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FB8A833EFB8A" box="[134,621,1027,1047]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FB8A8061FB8A" baseAuthorityName="MUSM" baseAuthorityYear="1662" box="[134,306,1027,1047]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FB8A8061FB8A" box="[134,306,1027,1047]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hadrokirus martini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MUSM 340)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FB8A8242FB8A" box="[652,785,1027,1047]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">200.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FB8A82F2FB8A" box="[807,929,1027,1047]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">170.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FB8A8557FB8A" box="[951,1028,1027,1047]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">–</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FB8A8524FB8A" box="[1065,1143,1027,1047]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">87.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FB8A85A9FB8A" box="[1178,1274,1027,1047]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">71.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FB8A84FDFB8A" box="[1357,1454,1027,1047]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">190.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FB9284FDFBB2" box="[134,1454,1051,1071]" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FB92833EFBB2" box="[134,621,1051,1071]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FB92801DFBB2" baseAuthorityName="Hendey &amp; Repenning" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[134,334,1051,1071]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FB92801DFBB2" box="[134,334,1051,1071]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Homiphoca capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM-PQ-L30080)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FB928242FBB2" box="[652,785,1051,1071]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">145</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FB9282F2FBB2" box="[807,929,1051,1071]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">128.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FB928557FBB2" box="[951,1028,1051,1071]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">85.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FB928524FBB2" box="[1065,1143,1051,1071]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">61</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FB9285A9FBB2" box="[1178,1274,1051,1071]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">57.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FB9284FDFBB2" box="[1357,1454,1051,1071]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">130.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FBBA84FDFBDA" box="[134,1454,1075,1095]" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FBBA833EFBDA" box="[134,621,1075,1095]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FBBA8015FBDA" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[134,326,1075,1095]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FBBA8015FBDA" box="[134,326,1075,1095]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Piscophoca pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN.F.SAS564)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FBBA8242FBDA" box="[652,785,1075,1095]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">152</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FBBA82F2FBDA" box="[807,929,1075,1095]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">139e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FBBA8557FBDA" box="[951,1028,1075,1095]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">72.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FBBA8524FBDA" box="[1065,1143,1075,1095]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">69.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FBBA85A9FBDA" box="[1178,1274,1075,1095]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">63.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FBBA84FDFBDA" box="[1357,1454,1075,1095]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">144.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FBDE84FDFBF6" box="[134,1454,1111,1131]" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FBDE84FDFBF6" box="[134,1454,1111,1131]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FBDE8064FBF6" bold="true" box="[134,311,1111,1131]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BB3FBDE8064FBF6" box="[205,311,1111,1131]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FBE684FDFB1E" box="[134,1454,1135,1155]" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FBE6833EFB1E" box="[134,621,1135,1155]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FBE68001FB1E" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1779" box="[134,338,1135,1155]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FBE68001FB1E" box="[134,338,1135,1155]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Monachus monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 219059)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FBE68242FB1E" box="[652,785,1135,1155]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">194.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FBE682F2FB1E" box="[807,929,1135,1155]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">172.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FBE68557FB1E" box="[951,1028,1135,1155]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">71.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FBE68524FB1E" box="[1065,1143,1135,1155]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">71.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FBE685A9FB1E" box="[1178,1274,1135,1155]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">62.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FBE684FDFB1E" box="[1357,1454,1135,1155]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">183.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FB0E84FDFB01" box="[134,1454,1159,1180]" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FB0E833EFB01" box="[134,621,1159,1180]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FB018001FB01" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1779" box="[134,338,1160,1180]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FB018001FB01" box="[134,338,1160,1180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Monachus monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-ZM-AC-A7953)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FB0E8242FB01" box="[652,785,1159,1180]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">214</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FB0E82F2FB01" box="[807,929,1159,1180]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">181.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FB0E8557FB01" box="[951,1028,1159,1180]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">81</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FB0E8524FB01" box="[1065,1143,1159,1180]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">76.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FB0E85A9FB01" box="[1178,1274,1159,1180]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">71.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FB0E84FDFB01" box="[1357,1454,1159,1180]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">191</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FB2984FDFB29" box="[134,1454,1184,1204]" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FB29833EFB29" box="[134,621,1184,1204]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FB2980C5FB29" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[134,406,1184,1204]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FB2980C5FB29" box="[134,406,1184,1204]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Neomonachus schauinslandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 243838; male)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FB298242FB29" box="[652,785,1184,1204]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">157.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FB2982F2FB29" box="[807,929,1184,1204]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">158.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FB298557FB29" box="[951,1028,1184,1204]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">47.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FB298524FB29" box="[1065,1143,1184,1204]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">68.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FB2985A9FB29" box="[1178,1274,1184,1204]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">60.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FB2984FDFB29" box="[1357,1454,1184,1204]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">152.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FB3184FDFB51" box="[134,1454,1208,1228]" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FB318242FB51" box="[134,785,1208,1228]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FB3180C5FB51" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[134,406,1208,1228]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FB3180C5FB51" box="[134,406,1208,1228]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Neomonachus schauinslandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 243839; female) 155.9
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FB3182F2FB51" box="[807,929,1208,1228]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">152.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FB318557FB51" box="[951,1028,1208,1228]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">50.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FB318524FB51" box="[1065,1143,1208,1228]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">71.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FB3185A9FB51" box="[1178,1274,1208,1228]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">62.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FB3184FDFB51" box="[1357,1454,1208,1228]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">148.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FB5984FDFB79" box="[134,1454,1232,1252]" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FB59833EFB79" box="[134,621,1232,1252]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FB59803FFB79" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[134,364,1232,1252]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FB59803FFB79" box="[134,364,1232,1252]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Neomonachus tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 100363; male)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FB598242FB79" box="[652,785,1232,1252]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">167.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FB5982F2FB79" box="[807,929,1232,1252]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">147.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FB598557FB79" box="[951,1028,1232,1252]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">46.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FB598524FB79" box="[1065,1143,1232,1252]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">71.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FB5985A9FB79" box="[1178,1274,1232,1252]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">62.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FB5984FDFB79" box="[1357,1454,1232,1252]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">157.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FB6184FDFB61" box="[134,1454,1256,1276]" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FB61833EFB61" box="[134,621,1256,1276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FB61803FFB61" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[134,364,1256,1276]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FB61803FFB61" box="[134,364,1256,1276]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Neomonachus tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 100371; female)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FB618242FB61" box="[652,785,1256,1276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">167.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FB6182F2FB61" box="[807,929,1256,1276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">147.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FB618557FB61" box="[951,1028,1256,1276]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">49.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FB618524FB61" box="[1065,1143,1256,1276]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">73.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FB6185A9FB61" box="[1178,1274,1256,1276]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">65.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FB6184FDFB61" box="[1357,1454,1256,1276]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">154.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FA8584FDFABD" box="[134,1454,1292,1312]" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FA8584FDFABD" box="[134,1454,1292,1312]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FA858014FABD" bold="true" box="[134,327,1292,1312]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BB3FA858014FABD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[205,327,1292,1312]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FAAD84FDFAA5" box="[134,1454,1316,1336]" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FAAD833EFAA5" box="[134,621,1316,1336]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FAAD8068FAA5" baseAuthorityName="de Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[134,315,1316,1336]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hyrdrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FAAD8068FAA5" box="[134,315,1316,1336]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hyrdrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 396931)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FAAD8242FAA5" box="[652,785,1316,1336]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">219.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FAAD82F2FAA5" box="[807,929,1316,1336]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">184.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FAAD8557FAA5" box="[951,1028,1316,1336]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">108.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FAAD8524FAA5" box="[1065,1143,1316,1336]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">95.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FAAD85A9FAA5" box="[1178,1274,1316,1336]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">75.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FAAD84FDFAA5" box="[1357,1454,1316,1336]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">205.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FAB484FDFACC" box="[134,1454,1341,1361]" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FAB4833EFACC" box="[134,621,1341,1361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FAB48060FACC" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[134,307,1341,1361]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FAB48060FACC" box="[134,307,1341,1361]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hydrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 550360; male)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FAB48242FACC" box="[652,785,1341,1361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">190.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FAB482F2FACC" box="[807,929,1341,1361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">193.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FAB48557FACC" box="[951,1028,1341,1361]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">98.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FAB48524FACC" box="[1065,1143,1341,1361]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">78.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FAB485A9FACC" box="[1178,1274,1341,1361]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">80.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FAB484FDFACC" box="[1357,1454,1341,1361]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">193.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FADC84FDFAF4" box="[134,1454,1365,1385]" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FADC833EFAF4" box="[134,621,1365,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FADC803FFAF4" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1163" box="[134,364,1365,1385]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FADC803FFAF4" box="[134,364,1365,1385]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 269526; male)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FADC8242FAF4" box="[652,785,1365,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">154.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FADC82F2FAF4" box="[807,929,1365,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">174.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FADC8557FAF4" box="[951,1028,1365,1385]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">49.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FADC8524FAF4" box="[1065,1143,1365,1385]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">52.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FADC85A9FAF4" box="[1178,1274,1365,1385]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">75.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FADC84FDFAF4" box="[1357,1454,1365,1385]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">154.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FAE484FDFA1C" box="[134,1454,1389,1409]" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FAE4833EFA1C" box="[134,621,1389,1409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FAE4803FFA1C" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1163" box="[134,364,1389,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FAE4803FFA1C" box="[134,364,1389,1409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 269526; female)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FAE48242FA1C" box="[652,785,1389,1409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">165.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FAE482F2FA1C" box="[807,929,1389,1409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">172.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FAE48557FA1C" box="[951,1028,1389,1409]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">49.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FAE48524FA1C" box="[1065,1143,1389,1409]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">57.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FAE485A9FA1C" box="[1178,1274,1389,1409]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">77.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FAE484FDFA1C" box="[1357,1454,1389,1409]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">160.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FA0C84FDFA04" box="[134,1454,1413,1433]" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FA0C833EFA04" box="[134,621,1413,1433]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FA0C803FFA04" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1163" box="[134,364,1413,1433]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FA0C803FFA04" box="[134,364,1413,1433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 395811)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FA0C8242FA04" box="[652,785,1413,1433]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">152.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FA0C82F2FA04" box="[807,929,1413,1433]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">170.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FA0C8557FA04" box="[951,1028,1413,1433]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">51.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FA0C8524FA04" box="[1065,1143,1413,1433]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">51.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FA0C85A9FA04" box="[1178,1274,1413,1433]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">74.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FA0C84FDFA04" box="[1357,1454,1413,1433]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">153.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FA1484FDFA2C" box="[134,1454,1437,1457]" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FA14833EFA2C" box="[134,621,1437,1457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FA148031FA2C" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1161" box="[134,354,1437,1457]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcinophaga">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FA148031FA2C" box="[134,354,1437,1457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Lobodon carcinophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 550080; female)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FA148242FA2C" box="[652,785,1437,1457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">131.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FA1482F2FA2C" box="[807,929,1437,1457]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">147.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FA148557FA2C" box="[951,1028,1437,1457]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">76.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FA148524FA2C" box="[1065,1143,1437,1457]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">61.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FA1485A9FA2C" box="[1178,1274,1437,1457]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">76.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FA1484FDFA2C" box="[1357,1454,1437,1457]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">136.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FA3C84FDFA57" box="[134,1454,1461,1482]" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FA3C833EFA57" box="[134,621,1461,1482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FA3F8031FA57" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1161" box="[134,354,1462,1482]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcinophaga">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FA3F8031FA57" box="[134,354,1462,1482]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Lobodon carcinophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 550083; male)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FA3C8242FA57" box="[652,785,1461,1482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">140.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FA3C82F2FA57" box="[807,929,1461,1482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">152.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FA3C8557FA57" box="[951,1028,1461,1482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">80.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FA3C8524FA57" box="[1065,1143,1461,1482]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">62.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FA3C85A9FA57" box="[1178,1274,1461,1482]" gridcol="5" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">78.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FA3C84FDFA57" box="[1357,1454,1461,1482]" gridcol="6" gridrow="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">138.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FA4784FDFA7F" box="[134,1454,1486,1506]" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FA47833EFA7F" box="[134,621,1486,1506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FA478018FA7F" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1164" box="[134,331,1486,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FA478018FA7F" box="[134,331,1486,1506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 275206; male)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FA478242FA7F" box="[652,785,1486,1506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">160.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FA4782F2FA7F" box="[807,929,1486,1506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">160.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FA478557FA7F" box="[951,1028,1486,1506]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">75.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FA478524FA7F" box="[1065,1143,1486,1506]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">58.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FA4785A9FA7F" box="[1178,1274,1486,1506]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">79.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FA4784FDFA7F" box="[1357,1454,1486,1506]" gridcol="6" gridrow="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">150.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8FA6F84FDFA67" box="[134,1454,1510,1530]" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8FA6F833EFA67" box="[134,621,1510,1530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8FA6F8018FA67" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1164" box="[134,331,1510,1530]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8FA6F8018FA67" box="[134,331,1510,1530]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(US3NM 339989; female)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2FA6F8242FA67" box="[652,785,1510,1530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">151.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859FA6F82F2FA67" box="[807,929,1510,1530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">157.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9FA6F8557FA67" box="[951,1028,1510,1530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">71.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57FA6F8524FA67" box="[1065,1143,1510,1530]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">53.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4FA6F85A9FA67" box="[1178,1274,1510,1530]" gridcol="5" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">77.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33FA6F84FDFA67" box="[1357,1454,1510,1530]" gridcol="6" gridrow="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">146.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8F98384FDF983" box="[134,1454,1546,1566]" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8F98384FDF983" box="[134,1454,1546,1566]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8F983807FF983" bold="true" box="[134,300,1546,1566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BB3F983807FF983" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[205,300,1546,1566]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8F9AB84FDF9AB" box="[134,1454,1570,1590]" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8F9AB833EF9AB" box="[134,621,1570,1590]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8F9AB8028F9AB" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[134,379,1570,1590]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8F9AB8028F9AB" box="[134,379,1570,1590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Pagophilus groenlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 188790; male)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2F9AB8242F9AB" box="[652,785,1570,1590]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">111.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859F9AB82F2F9AB" box="[807,929,1570,1590]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">111.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9F9AB8557F9AB" box="[951,1028,1570,1590]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">30.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57F9AB8524F9AB" box="[1065,1143,1570,1590]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">43.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4F9AB85A9F9AB" box="[1178,1274,1570,1590]" gridcol="5" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">58.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33F9AB84FDF9AB" box="[1357,1454,1570,1590]" gridcol="6" gridrow="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">105.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8F9B384FDF9D3" box="[134,1454,1594,1614]" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8F9B3833EF9D3" box="[134,621,1594,1614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8F9B38028F9D3" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[134,379,1594,1614]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8F9B38028F9D3" box="[134,379,1594,1614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Pagophilus groenlandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 188791; female)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2F9B38242F9D3" box="[652,785,1594,1614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">102.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859F9B382F2F9D3" box="[807,929,1594,1614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">109.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9F9B38557F9D3" box="[951,1028,1594,1614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">27.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57F9B38524F9D3" box="[1065,1143,1594,1614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">45.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4F9B385A9F9D3" box="[1178,1274,1594,1614]" gridcol="5" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">57.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33F9B384FDF9D3" box="[1357,1454,1594,1614]" gridcol="6" gridrow="36" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">101.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8F9DB84FDF9FB" box="[134,1454,1618,1638]" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8F9DB833EF9FB" box="[134,621,1618,1638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8F9DB8059F9FB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[134,266,1618,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8F9DB8059F9FB" box="[134,266,1618,1638]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Phoca vitulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
concolor (USNM 504298; male)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2F9DB8242F9FB" box="[652,785,1618,1638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">130.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859F9DB82F2F9FB" box="[807,929,1618,1638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">125.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9F9DB8557F9FB" box="[951,1028,1618,1638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">34.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57F9DB8524F9FB" box="[1065,1143,1618,1638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">54.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4F9DB85A9F9FB" box="[1178,1274,1618,1638]" gridcol="5" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">56.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33F9DB84FDF9FB" box="[1357,1454,1618,1638]" gridcol="6" gridrow="37" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">114.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8F9E284FDF9E2" box="[134,1454,1643,1663]" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8F9E2833EF9E2" box="[134,621,1643,1663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8F9E28059F9E2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[134,266,1643,1663]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8F9E28059F9E2" box="[134,266,1643,1663]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Phoca vitulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
concolor (USNM 593947; female)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2F9E28242F9E2" box="[652,785,1643,1663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">126.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859F9E282F2F9E2" box="[807,929,1643,1663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">117.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9F9E28557F9E2" box="[951,1028,1643,1663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">33.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57F9E28524F9E2" box="[1065,1143,1643,1663]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">49.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4F9E285A9F9E2" box="[1178,1274,1643,1663]" gridcol="5" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">58.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33F9E284FDF9E2" box="[1357,1454,1643,1663]" gridcol="6" gridrow="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">109.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C78BB8F1BF8F90A84FDF90A" box="[134,1454,1667,1687]" gridrow="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<th id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1BF8F90A833EF90A" box="[134,621,1667,1687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BF8F90A8059F90A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[134,266,1667,1687]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BF8F90A8059F90A" box="[134,266,1667,1687]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Phoca vitulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
concolor (USNM 594207; female)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F19F2F90A8242F90A" box="[652,785,1667,1687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">125.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1859F90A82F2F90A" box="[807,929,1667,1687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">114.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F18C9F90A8557F90A" box="[951,1028,1667,1687]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">27.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1F57F90A8524F90A" box="[1065,1143,1667,1687]" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">55.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1FE4F90A85A9F90A" box="[1178,1274,1667,1687]" gridcol="5" gridrow="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">55.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C78BB8F1E33F90A84FDF90A" box="[1357,1454,1667,1687]" gridcol="6" gridrow="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">106.7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7844791BE5F81884FCF876" blockId="9.[130,776,1746,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[810,1456,1746,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
Skull dimensions of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791A0CF81880B6F836" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[370,485,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791A0CF81880B6F836" box="[370,485,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791A92F81B8366F831" box="[492,565,1938,1964]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are smaller than for most other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791A7EF83880D0F856" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[256,387,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C7844791AECF83880B9F856" box="[402,490,1969,1995]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="9.[132,143,515,532]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. — Comparative measurements (in mm) of the crania of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. in comparison with other Monachinae and selected Phocinae. Abbreviations: BZW, bizygomatic width; BCW, bicondylar width; GLFW, width at level of lateral edges of glenoid fossae; MPW, width between mastoid processes; PLWM1, palate width at level of posterior root of M1s; WAC, maximum width of alveolus of upper canine; WRPP, width of rostrum at preorbital processes; e, estimate." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFD8A801BFDC5" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFD8A801BFDC5">Tables 2</tableCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C7844791A86F8388355F856" box="[504,518,1969,1995]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="11.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of the cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations; e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E">3</tableCitation>
). A notable exception is
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791BFBF858805DF876" box="[133,270,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Australophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791BFBF858805DF876" box="[133,270,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Australophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which does not have any published skull, but is the smallest monachine based on postcranial remains.Based on these measurements, it can be argued that
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791FB5F97B8468F891" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1227,1339,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791FB5F97B8468F891" box="[1227,1339,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791E3CF97B84D5F891" box="[1346,1414,1778,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was slightly smaller in size than the average extant monachine seal. Using the equations from
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7844791F4EF8B88440F8D1" author="CHURCHILL M. &amp; CLEMENTZ M. T. &amp; KOHNO N." box="[1072,1299,1841,1868]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" pagination="232 - 245" refId="ref46615" refString="CHURCHILL M., CLEMENTZ M. T. &amp; KOHNO N. 2014. - Predictive equations for the sedimation of body size in seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Pinnipedia). Journal of Anatomy 225: 232 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12199" type="journal article" year="2014">
Churchill
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791FE4F8BB859AF8D6" box="[1178,1225,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
to calculate the estimated body size of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7844791F64F8D885DEF8F6" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1050,1165,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791F64F8D885DEF8F6" box="[1050,1165,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7844791FEDF8DB858EF8F1" box="[1171,1245,1874,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the estimated body size of specimen MNHN.F.PPI269 is
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7844791FDCF8FB85E1F816" box="[1186,1202,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C7844791FC6F8F88454F811" box="[1208,1287,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="223.0">223 cm</quantity>
, conforming this statement. Considering that the first equation used total basal skull length and that this could not be measured for any of the preserved skulls, only the second equation, below, has been used.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C7B447A1BFAFAE684E2FA59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671146/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" startId="10.[132,143,1391,1408]" targetBox="[132,1456,201,1359]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7B447A1BFAFAE684E2FA59" blockId="10.[132,1457,1391,1476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7B447A1BFAFAE681CEFAE2" baselines="1404,1404" box="[132,157,1391,1408]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 3. — Cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A1A4DFAE680A4FA1D" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[307,503,1391,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A1A4DFAE680A4FA1D" box="[307,503,1391,1408]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7B447A1A85FAE6833FFA1D" box="[507,620,1391,1408]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A181EFAE6823EFA1D" bold="true" box="[864,877,1391,1408]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
, cranium in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A1F46FAE68516FA1D" bold="true" box="[1080,1093,1391,1408]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,nasals in purple,jugal in blue.Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures separating the bones.Dashed lines represent the presumed sutures between the maxillae and frontals.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7B447A1BAFF99983BCF9DE" blockId="10.[155,751,1552,1603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">0.37 × Log width of skull across canines + 0.80 × Log width across occipital condyles + 1.39</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7B447A1BFAF9FA8188F911" blockId="10.[130,777,1651,2028]" box="[132,219,1651,1676]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C7B447A1BFAF9FA8188F911" box="[132,219,1651,1676]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A1BFAF9FA8188F911" box="[132,219,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Rostrum</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7B447A1BFAF91B825AF876" blockId="10.[130,777,1651,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
The rostrum of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A1A53F91B834AF931" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[301,537,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A1A53F91B834AF931" box="[301,537,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7B447A195FF91A83E1F930" box="[545,690,1683,1709]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is short and stout (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7B447A1B89F93B8065F951" box="[247,310,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1318,1335]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-335@8.[698,1267,213,746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured,or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxilla in green.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Other abbreviation: iof, infraorbital foramen. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671144/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Figs 2</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7B447A1A3CF93B8003F951" box="[322,336,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1391,1408]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,201,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-308@10.[698,1079,213,1065]" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, cranium in dorsal view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,nasals in purple,jugal in blue.Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures separating the bones.Dashed lines represent the presumed sutures between the maxillae and frontals.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671146/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">3</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7B447A1A23F93B8038F951" box="[349,363,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,861,878]" captionTargetBox="[131,1457,213,820]" captionTargetId="figure-633@18.[792,1456,213,733]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI278): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671162/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">9</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A1AE3F93B8340F951" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[413,531,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A1AE3F93B8340F951" box="[413,531,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7B447A1964F93A8336F950" box="[538,613,1715,1741]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the premaxilla forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity. In the median part of the nasal cavity, the ascending ramus of the premaxilla remains within the nasal cavity and, consequently, only the posterodorsal portion of the ascending ramus of the premaxilla is visible in lateral view (char. 2[1]). In other words, the maxilla-premaxilla suture runs on the dorsal edge of the nasal cavity in its median portion and therefore is not (or barely) visible in lateral view. This corresponds with the general condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A1A68F85880CFF876" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[278,412,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
and contrasts with the condition
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7B447A1850F99B84E3F816" blockId="10.[811,1457,1554,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A1832F99B82E0F9B1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[844,947,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
. Among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A1F69F99B852EF9B1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1047,1149,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the ascending ramus of the premaxilla is visible in lateral view along the entire length of the nasal cavity and the maxilla-premaxilla suture is observed on the lateral aspect of the wall of the nasal cavity. However, exceptions exist: among the phocines
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A1FC3F91B8412F931" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1213,1345,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Histriophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A1FC3F91B8412F931" box="[1213,1345,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Histriophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A1E08F91A8238F951" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A1E08F91A8238F951" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Pagophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the anteroventral portion of the ascending ramus of the premaxilla remains visible in lateral view, but becomes marginally thin in its median part (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7B447A1FDCF97B82C2F8B1" author="BININDA-EMONDS O. R. P. &amp; RUSSELL A. P." pageId="10" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref46362" refString="BININDA-EMONDS O. R. P. &amp; RUSSELL A. P. 1996. - A morphological perspective on the phylogenetic relationships of the extant phocid seals (Mammalia: Carnivora: Phocidae). Bonner Zoologische Monographien 41: 1 - 256. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 44795135" type="journal article" year="1996">Bininda-Emonds &amp; Russell 1996</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, in the monachine genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A1E37F89B84E2F8B6" box="[1353,1457,1810,1835]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A1E37F89B84E2F8B6" box="[1353,1457,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the phocine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A189EF8B88502F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Nilsson" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[992,1105,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Cystophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A189EF8B88502F8D6" box="[992,1105,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Cystophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only the anterior portion of the premaxilla is visible in lateral view, a condition likely correlated to the cranial adaptations to accommodate a proboscis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7B447B183DF81880FEF9F1" blockId="10.[811,1457,1554,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[130,776,1459,2028]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
The anterior tips of the premaxillae end in a distinct, anterodorsally protruding tuberosity in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7B447A1FBAF8388464F856" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1220,1335,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7B447A1FBAF8388464F856" box="[1220,1335,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7B447A1E44F83B84D2F851" box="[1338,1409,1970,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The tuberosity is small in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7B447A1F7DF858850EF876" box="[1027,1117,2001,2027]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269, but is robust and well developed in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7A447B1A6FFA3A803FFA50" box="[273,364,1459,1485]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">MNHN</collectionCode>
.P.PPI278, in which it is almost as large as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1BC8FA5A807FFA70" box="[182,300,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1BC8FA5A807FFA70" box="[182,300,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7A447B1A45FA5A8024FA70" box="[315,375,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,861,878]" captionTargetBox="[131,1457,213,820]" captionTargetId="figure-633@18.[792,1456,213,733]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI278): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671162/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Such a tuberosity is strongly reduced or even absent in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1AF9FA7A8343F990" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[391,528,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of the extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1B89F99B8008F9B1" box="[247,347,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1B89F99B8008F9B1" box="[247,347,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the extinct
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B196CF99B83ACF9B1" box="[530,767,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B196CF99B832CF9B1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[530,639,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Acrophoca</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B19F7F99B83ACF9B1" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[649,767,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hadrokirus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1BFAF9BB81AEF9D1" box="[132,253,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1BFAF9BB81AEF9D1" box="[132,253,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1A3FF9BB80FCF9D1" box="[321,431,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1A3FF9BB80FCF9D1" box="[321,431,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1A9CF9BB830AF9D1" box="[482,601,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1A9CF9BB830AF9D1" box="[482,601,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this tuberosity strongly projects anteriorly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" startId="11.[132,143,220,237]" targetBox="[134,1416,317,1392]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E" blockId="11.[132,1455,220,259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7A447B1BFAFF5581E1FF71" baselines="233,233" box="[132,178,220,237]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
3. — Measurements (in mm) of the cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B194DFF5583A5FF70" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[563,758,220,237]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B194DFF5583A5FF70" box="[563,758,220,237]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7A447B1987FF558238FF70" box="[761,875,220,237]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Abbreviations;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1894FF5582A6FF70" bold="true" box="[1002,1013,220,237]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1EFEFF5584D8FF70" bold="true" box="[1408,1419,220,237]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">&gt;</emphasis>
, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1F41FF7B8508FE9E" bold="true" box="[1087,1115,242,259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7A447B18A4FEB48412FAED" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<table id="F90A80E44C7ABB8F1BF8FEB484DBFAED" box="[134,1416,317,1392]" gridcols="4" gridrows="44" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FEB484DBFECC" box="[134,1416,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FEB485DCFECC" box="[975,1167,317,337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B18A4FEB4852FFECC" bold="true" box="[986,1148,317,337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">MNHN.F.PPI269</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FEB484DBFECC" box="[1246,1416,317,337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1F9EFEB484D2FECC" bold="true" box="[1248,1409,317,337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">MNHN.F.PPI277</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FEDE84DBFEED" box="[134,1416,343,368]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FEDE823BFEED" box="[711,872,343,368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B19B9FED5823BFEED" bold="true" box="[711,872,348,368]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">MNHN.F.PPI276</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FEDE85DCFEED" box="[975,1167,343,368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1886FEDE850DFEF6" bold="true" box="[1016,1118,343,363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">(paratype)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FEDE84DBFEED" box="[1246,1416,343,368]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1F80FEDE8437FEF6" bold="true" box="[1278,1380,343,363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">(paratype)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FEFC84DBFE14" box="[134,1416,373,393]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FEFC8323FE14" box="[134,624,373,393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1BF8FEFC81BFFE14" bold="true" box="[134,236,373,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FEFC823BFE14" box="[711,872,373,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B19B1FEFC8233FE14" bold="true" box="[719,864,373,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">(holotype, left)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FEFC85DCFE14" box="[975,1167,373,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B18A6FEFC85D4FE14" bold="true" box="[984,1159,373,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">left right</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FEFC84DBFE14" box="[1246,1416,373,393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1F9FFEFC84DBFE14" bold="true" box="[1249,1416,373,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">left right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FE1084DBFE30" box="[134,1416,409,429]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FE108323FE30" box="[134,624,409,429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Overall, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FE10823BFE30" box="[711,872,409,429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FE1085DCFE30" box="[975,1167,409,429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">&gt; 252.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FE1084DBFE30" box="[1246,1416,409,429]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FE3884DBFE5A" box="[134,1416,433,455]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FE388323FE5A" box="[134,624,433,455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Overall, bizygomatic width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FE38823BFE5A" box="[711,872,433,455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FE3885DCFE5A" box="[975,1167,433,455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">61.3 × 2 = 122.6e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FE3884DBFE5A" box="[1246,1416,433,455]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FE4084DBFE42" box="[134,1416,457,479]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FE408323FE42" box="[134,624,457,479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Rostrum, width across canines</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FE40823BFE42" box="[711,872,457,479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">22.1 × 2 = 44.2e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FE4085DCFE42" box="[975,1167,457,479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">20.4 × 2 = 40.8e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FE4084DBFE42" box="[1246,1416,457,479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FE6884DBFE6A" box="[134,1416,481,503]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FE688323FE6A" box="[134,624,481,503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Rostrum, width across maximum constriction</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FE68823BFE6A" box="[711,872,481,503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">17.8 × 2 = 35.6e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FE6885DCFE6A" box="[975,1167,481,503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">25.7e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FE6884DBFE6A" box="[1246,1416,481,503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FE7084DBFD92" box="[134,1416,505,527]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FE708323FD92" box="[134,624,505,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Rostrum, width across widest portion</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FE70823BFD92" box="[711,872,505,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">33.0 × 2 = 66.0e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FE7085DCFD92" box="[975,1167,505,527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">65.6e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FE7084DBFD92" box="[1246,1416,505,527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FD9884DBFDB8" box="[134,1416,529,549]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FD988323FDB8" box="[134,624,529,549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">I1, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FD98823BFDB8" box="[711,872,529,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">4.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FD9885DCFDB8" box="[975,1167,529,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.0 n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FD9884DBFDB8" box="[1246,1416,529,549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FDA084DBFDA0" box="[134,1416,553,573]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FDA08323FDA0" box="[134,624,553,573]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">I1, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FDA0823BFDA0" box="[711,872,553,573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">2.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FDA085DCFDA0" box="[975,1167,553,573]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">3.0 n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FDA084DBFDA0" box="[1246,1416,553,573]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FDC884DBFDC8" box="[134,1416,577,597]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FDC88323FDC8" box="[134,624,577,597]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">I2, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FDC8823BFDC8" box="[711,872,577,597]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FDC885DCFDC8" box="[975,1167,577,597]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">6.1 n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FDC884DBFDC8" box="[1246,1416,577,597]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FDD084DBFDF0" box="[134,1416,601,621]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FDD08323FDF0" box="[134,624,601,621]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">I2, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FDD0823BFDF0" box="[711,872,601,621]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">3.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FDD085DCFDF0" box="[975,1167,601,621]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">3.7 n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FDD084DBFDF0" box="[1246,1416,601,621]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FDFB84DBFD1B" box="[134,1416,626,646]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FDFB8323FD1B" box="[134,624,626,646]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">I3, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FDFB823BFD1B" box="[711,872,626,646]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">6.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FDFB85DCFD1B" box="[975,1167,626,646]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">7.3 n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FDFB84DBFD1B" box="[1246,1416,626,646]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FD0384DBFD03" box="[134,1416,650,670]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FD038323FD03" box="[134,624,650,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">I3, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FD03823BFD03" box="[711,872,650,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FD0385DCFD03" box="[975,1167,650,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.8 n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FD0384DBFD03" box="[1246,1416,650,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FD2B84DBFD2B" box="[134,1416,674,694]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FD2B8323FD2B" box="[134,624,674,694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">C, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FD2B823BFD2B" box="[711,872,674,694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">1.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FD2B85DCFD2B" box="[975,1167,674,694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">14.4 14.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FD2B84DBFD2B" box="[1246,1416,674,694]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FD3384DBFD53" box="[134,1416,698,718]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FD338323FD53" box="[134,624,698,718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">C, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FD33823BFD53" box="[711,872,698,718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">9.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FD3385DCFD53" box="[975,1167,698,718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">8.3 7.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FD3384DBFD53" box="[1246,1416,698,718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FD5B84DBFD7B" box="[134,1416,722,742]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FD5B8323FD7B" box="[134,624,722,742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P1, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FD5B823BFD7B" box="[711,872,722,742]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">7.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FD5B85DCFD7B" box="[975,1167,722,742]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">7.2 7.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FD5B84DBFD7B" box="[1246,1416,722,742]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FD6384DBFD63" box="[134,1416,746,766]" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FD638323FD63" box="[134,624,746,766]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P1, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FD63823BFD63" box="[711,872,746,766]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">6.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FD6385DCFD63" box="[975,1167,746,766]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.9 5.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FD6384DBFD63" box="[1246,1416,746,766]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FC8B84DBFC8B" box="[134,1416,770,790]" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FC8B8323FC8B" box="[134,624,770,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P2, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FC8B823BFC8B" box="[711,872,770,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">12.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FC8B85DCFC8B" box="[975,1167,770,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">11.6 10.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FC8B84DBFC8B" box="[1246,1416,770,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FC9384DBFCB3" box="[134,1416,794,814]" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FC938323FCB3" box="[134,624,794,814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P2, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FC93823BFCB3" box="[711,872,794,814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">6.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FC9385DCFCB3" box="[975,1167,794,814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.9 5.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FC9384DBFCB3" box="[1246,1416,794,814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FCBB84DBFCDB" box="[134,1416,818,838]" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FCBB8323FCDB" box="[134,624,818,838]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P3, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FCBB823BFCDB" box="[711,872,818,838]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">12.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FCBB85DCFCDB" box="[975,1167,818,838]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">12.4 11.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FCBB84DBFCDB" box="[1246,1416,818,838]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">11.3 n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FCC384DBFCC3" box="[134,1416,842,862]" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FCC38323FCC3" box="[134,624,842,862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P3, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FCC3823BFCC3" box="[711,872,842,862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">6.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FCC385DCFCC3" box="[975,1167,842,862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.2 5.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FCC384DBFCC3" box="[1246,1416,842,862]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.2e n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FCEB84DBFCEB" box="[134,1416,866,886]" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FCEB8323FCEB" box="[134,624,866,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P4, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FCEB823BFCEB" box="[711,872,866,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">12.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FCEB85DCFCEB" box="[975,1167,866,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">11.6 11.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FCEB84DBFCEB" box="[1246,1416,866,886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">11.5 n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FCF284DBFC12" box="[134,1416,891,911]" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FCF28323FC12" box="[134,624,891,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">P4, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FCF2823BFC12" box="[711,872,891,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FCF285DCFC12" box="[975,1167,891,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.8 5.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FCF284DBFC12" box="[1246,1416,891,911]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.2 n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FC1A84DBFC3A" box="[134,1416,915,935]" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FC1A8323FC3A" box="[134,624,915,935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">M1, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FC1A823BFC3A" box="[711,872,915,935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">10.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FC1A85DCFC3A" box="[975,1167,915,935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">11.4 12.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FC1A84DBFC3A" box="[1246,1416,915,935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">11.8 n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FC2284DBFC22" box="[134,1416,939,959]" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FC228323FC22" box="[134,624,939,959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">M1, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FC22823BFC22" box="[711,872,939,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FC2285DCFC22" box="[975,1167,939,959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.8 5.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FC2284DBFC22" box="[1246,1416,939,959]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5.4 n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FC4A84DBFC4A" box="[134,1416,963,983]" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FC4A8323FC4A" box="[134,624,963,983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Postcanine toothrow, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FC4A823BFC4A" box="[711,872,963,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">62.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FC4A85DCFC4A" box="[975,1167,963,983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">60.8 61.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FC4A84DBFC4A" box="[1246,1416,963,983]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FC5284DBFC72" box="[134,1416,987,1007]" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FC528323FC72" box="[134,624,987,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Infraorbital foramen, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FC52823BFC72" box="[711,872,987,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">9.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FC5285DCFC72" box="[975,1167,987,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">10.6 9.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FC5284DBFC72" box="[1246,1416,987,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">8.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FC7A84DBFB9A" box="[134,1416,1011,1031]" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FC7A8323FB9A" box="[134,624,1011,1031]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Premaxilla, length ventral portion at sagittal suture</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FC7A823BFB9A" box="[711,872,1011,1031]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FC7A85DCFB9A" box="[975,1167,1011,1031]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">30.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FC7A84DBFB9A" box="[1246,1416,1011,1031]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FB8284DBFB82" box="[134,1416,1035,1055]" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FB828323FB82" box="[134,624,1035,1055]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Maxilla, length of palatine process at sagittal suture</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FB82823BFB82" box="[711,872,1035,1055]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FB8285DCFB82" box="[975,1167,1035,1055]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">42.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FB8284DBFB82" box="[1246,1416,1035,1055]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FBAA84DBFBAA" box="[134,1416,1059,1079]" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FBAA8323FBAA" box="[134,624,1059,1079]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Tympanic bulla, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FBAA823BFBAA" box="[711,872,1059,1079]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FBAA85DCFBAA" box="[975,1167,1059,1079]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">42.9 40.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FBAA84DBFBAA" box="[1246,1416,1059,1079]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">37.7 37.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FBB284DBFBD2" box="[134,1416,1083,1103]" gridrow="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FBB28323FBD2" box="[134,624,1083,1103]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Tympanic bulla, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FBB2823BFBD2" box="[711,872,1083,1103]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FBB285DCFBD2" box="[975,1167,1083,1103]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a 45.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FBB284DBFBD2" box="[1246,1416,1083,1103]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">42.2 43.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FBDA84DBFBFA" box="[134,1416,1107,1127]" gridrow="32" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FBDA8323FBFA" box="[134,624,1107,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Tympanic bullae, width between</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FBDA823BFBFA" box="[711,872,1107,1127]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FBDA85DCFBFA" box="[975,1167,1107,1127]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">35.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FBDA84DBFBFA" box="[1246,1416,1107,1127]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">34.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FBE584DBFB1D" box="[134,1416,1132,1152]" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FBE58323FB1D" box="[134,624,1132,1152]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Naris, horizontal length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FBE5823BFB1D" box="[711,872,1132,1152]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FBE585DCFB1D" box="[975,1167,1132,1152]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">44.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FBE584DBFB1D" box="[1246,1416,1132,1152]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FB0D84DBFB05" box="[134,1416,1156,1176]" gridrow="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FB0D8323FB05" box="[134,624,1156,1176]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Interorbital septum, least width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FB0D823BFB05" box="[711,872,1156,1176]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FB0D85DCFB05" box="[975,1167,1156,1176]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">22.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FB0D84DBFB05" box="[1246,1416,1156,1176]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">20.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FB1584DBFB2D" box="[134,1416,1180,1200]" gridrow="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FB158323FB2D" box="[134,624,1180,1200]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Glenoid fossae, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FB15823BFB2D" box="[711,872,1180,1200]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FB1585DCFB2D" box="[975,1167,1180,1200]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">26.3 26.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FB1584DBFB2D" box="[1246,1416,1180,1200]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">25.2 25.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FB3D84DBFB55" box="[134,1416,1204,1224]" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FB3D8323FB55" box="[134,624,1204,1224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Glenoid fossae, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FB3D823BFB55" box="[711,872,1204,1224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FB3D85DCFB55" box="[975,1167,1204,1224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">18.1 18.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FB3D84DBFB55" box="[1246,1416,1204,1224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">18.1 18.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FB4584DBFB7D" box="[134,1416,1228,1248]" gridrow="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FB458323FB7D" box="[134,624,1228,1248]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Braincase, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FB45823BFB7D" box="[711,872,1228,1248]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FB4585DCFB7D" box="[975,1167,1228,1248]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">101.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FB4584DBFB7D" box="[1246,1416,1228,1248]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">97.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FB6D84DBFB65" box="[134,1416,1252,1272]" gridrow="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FB6D8323FB65" box="[134,624,1252,1272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Braincase, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FB6D823BFB65" box="[711,872,1252,1272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FB6D85DCFB65" box="[975,1167,1252,1272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">99.7e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FB6D84DBFB65" box="[1246,1416,1252,1272]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">105.7e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FB7584DBFA8D" box="[134,1416,1276,1296]" gridrow="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FB758323FA8D" box="[134,624,1276,1296]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Mastoids, width across</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FB75823BFA8D" box="[711,872,1276,1296]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FB7585DCFA8D" box="[975,1167,1276,1296]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">128.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FB7584DBFA8D" box="[1246,1416,1276,1296]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">119.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FA9D84DBFAB5" box="[134,1416,1300,1320]" gridrow="40" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FA9D8323FAB5" box="[134,624,1300,1320]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Occipital condyles, width across</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FA9D823BFAB5" box="[711,872,1300,1320]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FA9D85DCFAB5" box="[975,1167,1300,1320]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FA9D84DBFAB5" box="[1246,1416,1300,1320]" gridcol="3" gridrow="40" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">58.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FAA584DBFADD" box="[134,1416,1324,1344]" gridrow="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FAA58323FADD" box="[134,624,1324,1344]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Occipital condyles, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FAA5823BFADD" box="[711,872,1324,1344]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FAA585DCFADD" box="[975,1167,1324,1344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FAA584DBFADD" box="[1246,1416,1324,1344]" gridcol="3" gridrow="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">28.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FACD84DBFAC5" box="[134,1416,1348,1368]" gridrow="42" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FACD8323FAC5" box="[134,624,1348,1368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Foramen magnum, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FACD823BFAC5" box="[711,872,1348,1368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FACD85DCFAC5" box="[975,1167,1348,1368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="42" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FACD84DBFAC5" box="[1246,1416,1348,1368]" gridcol="3" gridrow="42" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C7ABB8F1BF8FAD584DBFAED" box="[134,1416,1372,1392]" gridrow="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<th id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1BF8FAD58323FAED" box="[134,624,1372,1392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Foramen magnum, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F19B9FAD5823BFAED" box="[711,872,1372,1392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F18B1FAD585DCFAED" box="[975,1167,1372,1392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C7ABB8F1FA0FAD584DBFAED" box="[1246,1416,1372,1392]" gridcol="3" gridrow="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">n/a</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7A447B1BE5F9FA825BF891" blockId="11.[130,776,1459,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
In lateral view, the margin of the nasal cavity of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B19EBF9FB825BF911" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[661,776,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B19EBF9FB825BF911" box="[661,776,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7A447B1BFAF91A819EF930" box="[132,205,1683,1709]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
appears rather strongly concave (char. 4[1]). The nasal cavity opens more dorsally than anteriorly(char.3[1]). This condition corresponds with other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1ADDF95B837BF971" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[419,552,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1BFCF97B8046F891" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[130,277,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1BFCF97B8046F891" box="[130,277,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has a rather anteriorly-facing nasal cavity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7A447B1BE5F89B8254F871" blockId="11.[130,776,1459,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
The posterodorsal tip of the ascending ramus of the premaxilla broadly contacts the nasal (char. 1[0]). This characteristic is a plesiomorphy shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1ADEF8D88350F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[416,515,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
(except
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1920F8D8839CF8F6" baseAuthorityName="Nilsson" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[606,719,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Cystophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1920F8D8839CF8F6" box="[606,719,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Cystophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and some extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1A72F8F880C0F816" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[268,403,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1AE6F8F880ACF816" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[408,511,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1AE6F8F880ACF816" box="[408,511,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1973F8F883D3F816" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[525,640,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1973F8F883D3F816" box="[525,640,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B19F5F8F883ACF816" box="[651,767,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B19F5F8F883ACF816" box="[651,767,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1BCFF8188073F836" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[177,288,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1BCFF8188073F836" box="[177,288,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Sarcodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1AC0F8188315F836" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[446,582,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, a reduced contact is observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1A64F83880F5F856" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[282,422,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1A64F83880F5F856" box="[282,422,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1ACAF8388371F856" box="[436,546,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1ACAF8388371F856" box="[436,546,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B19C3F83B81EDF876" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
; it is absent in
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1A21F8588378F876" box="[351,555,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1A21F8588094F876" box="[351,455,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hydrurga</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1AAFF8588378F876" box="[465,555,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lobodon</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1916F8588253F876" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[616,768,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1916F8588253F876" box="[616,768,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7A447B183DFA3A84F9F931" blockId="11.[810,1457,1459,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
The palatal part of the premaxilla is roughly triangular (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7A447B1E13FA3A84FBFA50" box="[1389,1448,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1318,1335]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-335@8.[698,1267,213,746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured,or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxilla in green.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Other abbreviation: iof, infraorbital foramen. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671144/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Figs 2</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7A447B1853FA5A8268FA73" box="[813,827,1491,1518]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1329,1346]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,197,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-375@13.[698,983,482,1288]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in ventral view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,jugals in blue, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671152/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">5</figureCitation>
). The incisors are arranged in a weakly-curved arch. The incisive foramen forms a deep groove, entirely located within the premaxillary portion of the palate, and the left and right foramina are separated by a well-developed septum. Except for the extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B18E5F9DB854BF9F1" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Marx, Evans, Tennyson, Scofield &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[923,1048,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Eomonachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B18E5F9DB854BF9F1" box="[923,1048,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Eomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1F5BF9DB85C4F9F1" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[1061,1175,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1F5BF9DB85C4F9F1" box="[1061,1175,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1FDCF9DB845FF9F1" box="[1186,1292,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1FDCF9DB845FF9F1" box="[1186,1292,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1E3FF9DB84FDF9F1" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[1345,1454,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1E3FF9DB84FDF9F1" box="[1345,1454,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Sarcodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B18AAF9FB856BF911" box="[980,1080,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B18AAF9FB856BF911" box="[980,1080,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1F07F9FB8442F911" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1145,1297,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1F07F9FB8442F911" box="[1145,1297,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these incisive foramina are shallow or even vestigial in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1E63F91B84F5F931" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1309,1446,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7A447B183DF93B84F7F876" blockId="11.[810,1457,1459,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
The nasals are elongate, forming a long and narrow V-shaped wedge terminating roughly mid-way between the level of the anterior margin of the orbit and the posterodorsal process of the jugal, well posterior to the level of the anterior margin of the orbito-temporal fossa, ventrally (char. 5[1], 6[1]), (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7A447B1E1AF8B884F3F8D1" box="[1380,1440,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1391,1408]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,201,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-308@10.[698,1079,213,1065]" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, cranium in dorsal view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,nasals in purple,jugal in blue.Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures separating the bones.Dashed lines represent the presumed sutures between the maxillae and frontals.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671146/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B18C9F8D88545F8F6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[951,1046,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
,the distal termination is generally sharply V-shaped too, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B1F66F8F88473F816" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1048,1312,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B1F66F8F88473F816" box="[1048,1312,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Neomonachus schauinslandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the extant phocine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7A447B18F8F81882A0F836" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[902,1011,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7A447B18F8F81882A0F836" box="[902,1011,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Erignathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7A447B1F54F81884D7F836" author="BININDA-EMONDS O. R. P. &amp; RUSSELL A. P." box="[1066,1412,1937,1963]" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref46362" refString="BININDA-EMONDS O. R. P. &amp; RUSSELL A. P. 1996. - A morphological perspective on the phylogenetic relationships of the extant phocid seals (Mammalia: Carnivora: Phocidae). Bonner Zoologische Monographien 41: 1 - 256. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 44795135" type="journal article" year="1996">Bininda-Emonds &amp; Russell 1996</bibRefCitation>
). In the latter two, the nasals form a V-shaped wedge between the frontals, but the distal termination is blunter, more rounded.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C7D447C1BFDFAFC85B7FA2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671150" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671150/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" startId="12.[131,142,1397,1414]" targetBox="[132,1456,205,1366]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7D447C1BFDFAFC85B7FA2E" blockId="12.[131,1455,1397,1459]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7D447C1BFDFAFC81CEFA18" baselines="1410,1410" box="[131,157,1397,1414]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 4. — Cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1A4DFAFC80A4FA1B" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[307,503,1397,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C1A4DFAFC80A4FA1B" box="[307,503,1397,1414]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7D447C1A85FAFC833FFA1B" box="[507,620,1397,1414]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C181EFAFC823EFA1B" bold="true" box="[864,877,1397,1414]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
, cranium in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C1F46FAFC8516FA1B" bold="true" box="[1080,1093,1397,1414]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxilla in yellow, nasals in purple. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures separating the bones. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7D447C1BE5FA7A8078F8B1" blockId="12.[130,777,1523,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
The extension of the posterior termination of the nasals varies among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1A5FF99B80FDF9B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[289,430,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. This character appears to vary considerably, intraspecifically, but generally the posterior end of the nasals reaches or is posterior to the level of the anterior margin of the orbito-temporal fossa ventrally in many monachines. It extends well posterior to this edge in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C19E0F91B8256F931" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[670,773,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C19E0F91B8256F931" box="[670,773,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1BCCF93B8019F951" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[178,330,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C1BCCF93B8019F951" box="[178,330,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It does not extend posterior (or barely) to the level of the anterior margin of the orbito-temporal fossa ventrally in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1A79F97B802EF891" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[263,381,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C1A79F97B802EF891" box="[263,381,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1AF2F97B8350F891" box="[396,515,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C1AF2F97B8350F891" box="[396,515,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C196CF97A8250F891" authority=", Monachini" authorityName="Monachini" box="[530,771,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C196CF97A8329F891" box="[530,634,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Mirounga</emphasis>
, Monachini
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1BCAF89B8076F8B1" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[180,293,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C1BCAF89B8076F8B1" box="[180,293,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Sarcodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7D447C1BE5F8B8830AF876" blockId="12.[130,777,1523,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
Although the rostrum is broken at key areas, it appears that the maxilla-nasal contact is slightly longer than the nasal-frontal contact. The anterior margin of the nasal over the naris is distinctly V-shaped with the lateral branch of the
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7D447C1BFDF83B81C5F851" box="[131,150,1970,1996]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
longer than the medial one; therefore, the anterior margin of the combined nasals is clearly W-shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7D447C183DFA7A8441F816" blockId="12.[810,1457,1523,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
The palatal processes of the maxillae of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7D447C1E33FA7A84FCF990" box="[1357,1455,1523,1549]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7D447C1853F99B82D4F9B1" box="[813,903,1554,1580]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 have been displaced during fossilization and the bones of the rostrum are not in anatomical disposition (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7D447C1805F9DB82E8F9F0" box="[891,955,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1329,1346]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,197,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-375@13.[698,983,482,1288]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in ventral view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,jugals in blue, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671152/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). However, the palatal process of the maxilla is straight, and we hypothesize that the alveolar process (i.e., maxillary toothrow) was facing slightly anteroventrally (char. 18[1]). This condition is also observed in the extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1850F95B82E0F971" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[814,947,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C18C9F95B857FF971" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[951,1068,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C18C9F95B857FF971" box="[951,1068,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1F46F95B85FDF971" box="[1080,1198,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C1F46F95B85FDF971" box="[1080,1198,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1F99F95B8407F971" box="[1255,1364,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C1F99F95B8407F971" box="[1255,1364,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1808F97B855DF891" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[886,1038,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7D447C1808F97B855DF891" box="[886,1038,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the palate and the maxillary toothrow are strongly upturned anteroventrally (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7D447C1E42F89B8293F8D1" author="MUIZON C. DE &amp; HENDEY Q. B." pageId="12" pageNumber="41" pagination="91 - 128" refId="ref49030" refString="MUIZON C. DE &amp; HENDEY Q. B. 1980. - Late Tertiary seals of the South Atlantic Ocean. Annals of the South African Museum 82: 91 - 128. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40752149" type="journal article" year="1980">Muizon &amp; Hendey 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7D447C18B2F8B8850DF8D1" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[972,1118,1841,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" pagination="20 - 161" refId="ref48718" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1981. - Les vertebres fossils de la Formation Pisco (Perou) Premiere partie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae: Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud Sacaco. Institut francais d'Etudes Andines, Memoire 6: 20 - 161." type="journal article" year="1981">Muizon 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7D447C1F15F8BB843FF8D1" author="AMSON E. &amp; MUIZON C. DE" box="[1131,1388,1841,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" pagination="523 - 548" refId="ref45824" refString="AMSON E. &amp; MUIZON C. DE 2014. - A new durophagous phocid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the late Neogene of Peru and considerations on monachine seal phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 12: 523 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019. 2013.799610" type="journal article" year="2014">Amson &amp; Muizon 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C7D447C1E06F8BB82FAF8F1" author="GOVENDER R." pageId="12" pageNumber="41" pagination="25 - 39" refId="ref47622" refString="GOVENDER R. 2015. - Preliminary phylogenetics and biogeographic history of the Pliocene seal, Homiphoca capensis from Langebaanweg, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 70: 25 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0035919 X. 2014.984258" type="journal article" year="2015">Govender 2015</bibRefCitation>
). In most other extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7D447C1FD8F8D8847FF8F6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1190,1324,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
the alveolar process of the maxilla faces roughly ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7D447D183DF8188308F8F6" blockId="12.[810,1457,1523,2028]" lastBlockId="13.[130,777,1491,2027]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
The maxilla strongly narrows anteriorly, at the level of the P1 (char.19[1]). Therefore,the maxillary toothrow strongly diverge from the sagittal plane posteriorly; the palate is the narrowest at the level of P1 and at least twice as wide at the level of M1, where it is the widest (
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C7C447D1A04FA7A8099F990" box="[378,458,1523,1549]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="11.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of the cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations; e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1907FA7A8251F990" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[633,770,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, maxillary toothrows are generally strongly divergent, and do not depart much from the condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1940F9BB83E7F9D1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[574,692,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1940F9BB83E7F9D1" box="[574,692,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7C447D19C5F9BA8254F9D0" box="[699,775,1587,1613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(char. 38[2]). The degree to which the maxillary toothrow diverges in monachines largely correlates to the elongation of the toothrow. For instance, the maxillary toothrow is twice as wide at the widest point than it is at the narrowest point in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1BDEF95B8059F971" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[160,266,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1BDEF95B8059F971" box="[160,266,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, just as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1A06F95B80BDF971" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[376,494,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1A06F95B80BDF971" box="[376,494,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7C447D1A8BF95B8312F971" box="[501,577,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but the difference between both lies in the extreme elongation of the maxillary toothrow in the former.
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1AF7F89B80BEF8B1" box="[393,493,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1AF7F89B80BEF8B1" box="[393,493,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1A85F89B8330F8B6" box="[507,611,1810,1835]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1A85F89B8330F8B6" box="[507,611,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and to a lesser extent
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1BB0F8B8807BF8D6" box="[206,296,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1BB0F8B8807BF8D6" box="[206,296,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, form exceptions with virtually straight and only slightly diverging maxillary toothrows.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C7C447D1BFAFAB883BFFA01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671152" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671152/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" startId="13.[132,143,1329,1346]" targetBox="[132,1456,197,1298]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7C447D1BFAFAB883BFFA01" blockId="13.[132,1457,1329,1436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">
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. 5. — Cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1A4CFAB880A5FADF" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[306,502,1329,1346]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1A4CFAB880A5FADF" box="[306,502,1329,1346]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7C447D1A87FAB88339FADF" box="[505,618,1329,1346]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1823FAB88239FADF" bold="true" box="[861,874,1329,1346]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">A</emphasis>
, cranium in ventral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1F47FAB88515FADF" bold="true" box="[1081,1094,1329,1346]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,jugals in blue, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7C447D1BE5F8F884E1F876" blockId="13.[130,777,1491,2027]" lastBlockId="13.[812,1458,1491,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">
The palate is almost entirely flat, arching only a little. The palatine sulcus is shallow and weakly outlined, terminating posteriorly in a small, rounded palatine foramen at the level of the diastema between P4 and M1. The palatine foramen is located anterior to the palatomaxillary suture (
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7C447D1848FA7A82C6F990" box="[822,917,1523,1549]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7C447D1F6EFA7A85D7F990" box="[1040,1156,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1318,1335]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-335@8.[698,1267,213,746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured,or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxilla in green.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Other abbreviation: iof, infraorbital foramen. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671144/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Fig. 2B, E</figureCitation>
) or on the palatomaxillary suture (
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7C447D1801F99B8288F9B1" box="[895,987,1554,1580]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7C447D1F2FF99B85DDF9B0" box="[1105,1166,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1329,1346]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,197,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-375@13.[698,983,482,1288]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in ventral view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,jugals in blue, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671152/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The position of this palatine foramen differs strongly within
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1FCBF9BB8448F9D1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1205,1307,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1E3BF9BB84F8F9D1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1349,1451,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, it terminates well posterior to the level M1 and is located on the palatine bone or at the suture between the maxilla and the palatine. The exception is the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1E7BF91B8410F931" baseAuthorityName="Howell" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1285,1347,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1E7BF91B8410F931" box="[1285,1347,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Phoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which it terminates at the level between P4 and M1 and anterior to the palatomaxillary suture. The condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1E45F95B84E2F971" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1339,1457,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1E45F95B84E2F971" box="[1339,1457,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7C447D1853F97B8224F891" box="[813,887,1778,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs little from that in the other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1F91F97B842BF891" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1263,1400,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, but, in the latter, the position of the palatine foramen varies from the level between P3 and P
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C7C447D1F34F8BB8527F8D6" box="[1098,1140,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1F04F8B8858DF8D6" box="[1146,1246,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1F04F8B8858DF8D6" box="[1146,1246,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to a level medial or posterior to M
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C7C447D18AEF8DB82A4F8F6" box="[976,1015,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1F7FF8D8852BF8F6" box="[1025,1144,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1F7FF8D8852BF8F6" box="[1025,1144,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1FCEF8DB844BF8F6" box="[1200,1304,1874,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1FCEF8DB844BF8F6" box="[1200,1304,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also, among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1810F8F882A4F816" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[878,1015,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, this foramen is located in the maxillary, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1F5CF81885DCF836" box="[1058,1167,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1F5CF81885DCF836" box="[1058,1167,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where it is located at the palatomaxillary suture, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7C447D1F1FF8388584F856" box="[1121,1239,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7C447D1F1FF8388584F856" box="[1121,1239,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where it is located posterior to the palatomaxillary suture, therefore in the palatine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7F447E1F2DFF7E85DDFE09" blockId="14.[833,1344,228,404]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">C alveolar process/ P1 maxillary toothrow P2 palate zygomatic P3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7F447E1FEBFE398588FE77" blockId="14.[1173,1243,432,490]" box="[1173,1243,432,490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">P4 M1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7F447E1F80FD078428FB2B" blockId="14.[894,1415,654,781]" lastBlockId="14.[1326,1403,1186,1206]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">jugular of squamosal orbit preglenoid process glenoid fossa postglenoid process mastoid</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C7F447E1BFAFABE8361FA3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671156/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" startId="14.[132,143,1335,1352]" targetBox="[132,868,215,1293]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7F447E1BFAFABE8361FA3E" blockId="14.[132,1457,1335,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C7F447E1BFAFABE81CEFAD5" baselines="1348,1349" box="[132,157,1335,1352]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 6. — Cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1A45FABE8352FAD5" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[315,513,1335,1352]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1A45FABE8352FAD5" box="[315,513,1335,1352]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7F447E1976FABE83D3FAD5" box="[520,640,1335,1352]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1805FABE82DBFAD5" bold="true" box="[891,904,1335,1352]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
, cranium in ventral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1F1DFABE8523FAD5" bold="true" box="[1123,1136,1335,1352]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxillae in yellow, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7F447E1BFAFA7B8091F951" blockId="14.[130,775,1522,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1BFAFA7B8187F991" bold="true" box="[132,212,1522,1548]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Orbits.</emphasis>
The anterior opening of the infraorbital foramen on the lateral margin of the maxilla, at the base of the zygomatic process is subcircular and large in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1AAAF9BB83E6F9D1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[468,693,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1AAAF9BB83E6F9D1" box="[468,693,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7F447E19C5F9BA81EEF9F0" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7F447E1BB5F9DB805AF9F1" box="[203,265,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1318,1335]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-335@8.[698,1267,213,746]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured,or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxilla in green.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Other abbreviation: iof, infraorbital foramen. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671144/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Figs 2</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7F447E1A6BF9DA8070F9F0" box="[277,291,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,205,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[604,889,675,1508]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in left lateral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing; C, same cranium in right lateral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow, jugal in blue, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671158/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">7</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7F447E1A51F9DB806EF9F1" box="[303,317,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1811,1828]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-78@17.[698,794,765,1779]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 8. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in left lateral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing; C, same cranium in right lateral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxilla in yellow, nasals in purple, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671160/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">8</figureCitation>
). Among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1AD9F9DB8363F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[423,560,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the characteristic of a subcircular infraorbital foramen is shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E19E9F9FB8253F911" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[663,768,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E19E9F9FB8253F911" box="[663,768,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1BFAF91B81A9F931" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[132,250,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1BFAF91B81A9F931" box="[132,250,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1A76F91B80C7F931" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[264,404,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1A76F91B80C7F931" box="[264,404,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1AB1F91B831AF931" box="[463,585,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
; but it has an oval outline in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1A4DF93B80EEF951" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[307,445,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7F447E1BE5F95B804AF816" blockId="14.[130,775,1522,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">
In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1BC4F95B8061F971" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[186,306,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1BC4F95B8061F971" box="[186,306,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7F447E1A47F95B80D4F971" box="[313,391,1746,1772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the infraorbital foramen is located just dorsal to M1, following the condition in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E19C0F97B81FFF8B1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, except for the extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1ADFF89B8363F8B1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[417,560,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, in which this foramen is located slightly anterodorsal to M1, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E19E0F8BB8254F8D6" box="[670,775,1842,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E19E0F8BB8254F8D6" box="[670,775,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1BC8F8D88079F8F6" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[182,298,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1BC8F8D88079F8F6" box="[182,298,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Sarcodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which it is located posterodorsal to M1 (char. 11[1]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7F447E1BE5F818855CF9B1" blockId="14.[130,775,1522,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[811,1458,1523,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">
The area between the zygomatic process of the maxilla just ventral to the infraorbital foramen and the alveolar process of the maxilla is flat to slightly convex in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1964F8588255F876" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[538,774,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1964F8588255F876" box="[538,774,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7F447E1853FA7A822BF990" box="[813,888,1523,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n. sp, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1F4AFA7A85EDF990" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1076,1214,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. It is generally strongly concave in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E18DAF99B8558F9B1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[932,1035,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7F447E183DF9BB85B3F8F1" blockId="14.[811,1458,1523,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">
Overall, the zygomatic process of the maxilla is gracile and forms a relatively thin dorsolateral edge of the infraorbital foramen. This process extends and tapers posteriorly. It has a long and almost straight horizontal contact with the medial edge of the maxillary process of the jugal. The jugo-maxillary suture is markedly oblique as in most monachines, and differing from the condition in phocines in which it is only slightly oblique or subvertical (char. 12[0]). Noteworthy exceptions among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E18FCF8B88558F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[898,1035,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
are
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1F41F8B885EBF8D6" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[1087,1208,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1F41F8B885EBF8D6" box="[1087,1208,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1F8CF8BB840FF8D6" box="[1266,1372,1842,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1F8CF8BB840FF8D6" box="[1266,1372,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have a subvertical jugo-maxillary suture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7F447F183DF8F8803DFE4C" blockId="14.[811,1458,1523,2027]" lastBlockId="15.[130,777,215,2028]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">
The zygomatic process of the maxilla of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1F97F8F8840CF816" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1257,1375,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7F447E1F97F8F8840CF816" box="[1257,1375,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="43">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7F447E1E18F8FB84E3F811" box="[1382,1456,1906,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
projects horizontally to slightly dorsally and the zygomatic arch is at a level above the alveolar plane, in lateral view (char. 14[0]). This corresponds with the condition in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7F447E1E39F85884F9F876" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1351,1450,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1B91FF5E8004FF6C" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[239,343,215,241]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1B91FF5E8004FF6C" box="[239,343,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A1BFF5E8088FF6C" box="[357,475,215,241]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A1BFF5E8088FF6C" box="[357,475,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1950FF5E83E5FF6C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[558,694,215,241]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
(except
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1BFCFF7E81BCFE8C" box="[130,239,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BFCFF7E81BBFE8C" box="[130,232,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hydrurga</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A4DFF7180B1FE8C" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[307,482,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A4DFF7180B1FE8C" box="[307,482,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">N. schauinslandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the ventral edge of the zygomatic arch is at the same level of, or is ventral to, the maxillary tooth row. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1AD5FEBE835CFECC" box="[427,527,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1AD5FEBE835CFECC" box="[427,527,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the zygomatic process of the maxilla curves ventrally, but does not reach the level of the alveolar plane of the maxilla. Consequently, the jugo-maxillary suture is visible in lateral view along the entire length of the contact.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F1BE5FE5F8316FD0D" blockId="15.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
The lateral expansion of the orbits in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1962FE5F8256FE6D" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[540,773,470,496]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1962FE5F8256FE6D" box="[540,773,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7E447F1BFAFE7E8048FD8C" box="[132,283,503,529]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
does not differ from the average monachine. Exceptional monachines are
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1ABFFD9F8378FDAD" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[449,555,534,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1ABFFD9F8378FDAD" box="[449,555,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F191DFD9F839BFDAD" box="[611,712,534,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F191DFD9F839BFDAD" box="[611,712,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, having elongated skulls with comparatively narrow orbits, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BF8FDDF8033FDED" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1779" box="[134,352,598,624]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1BF8FDDF8033FDED" box="[134,352,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Monachus monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1AE4FDDF8323FDED" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1164" box="[410,624,598,624]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1AE4FDDF8323FDED" box="[410,624,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having skulls with comparatively wide and large orbits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F1BE5FD1F800AFC12" blockId="15.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
The preorbital process is small and low, but easily identifiable at the anteromedial side of the orbit. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BF8FD5C81B8FD72" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[134,235,725,751]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, the preorbital process is generally also, either small and reduced to a small ridge or roughening of the maxilla, or absent altogether, as observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1965FC9C83FFFCB2" box="[539,684,789,815]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1965FC9C83FFFCB2" box="[539,684,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Neomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Exceptions are
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1B97FCBC8001FCD2" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[233,338,821,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1B97FCBC8001FCD2" box="[233,338,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A1EFCBC8085FCD2" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[352,470,821,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A1EFCBC8085FCD2" box="[352,470,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A9BFCBC830FFCD2" box="[485,604,821,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A9BFCBC830FFCD2" box="[485,604,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1912FCBC8383FCD2" box="[620,720,821,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1912FCBC8383FCD2" box="[620,720,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BFAFCDC81A1FCF2" box="[132,242,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1BFAFCDC81A1FCF2" box="[132,242,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which this process is comparatively prominent and well developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F1BE5FC1C8075FB13" blockId="15.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
The maxillary process of the jugal is smoothly tapering anteriorly, and the anterior limit of the process extends above the dorsomedial edge of the infraorbital foramen (char. 13[1]). This condition is shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1AB3FC7D8317FB93" box="[461,580,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
and other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BF8FB9D805CFBB3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[134,271,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A17FB9D80B3FBB3" box="[361,480,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A17FB9D80B3FBB3" box="[361,480,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1966FB9D83D5FBB3" box="[536,646,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1966FB9D83D5FBB3" box="[536,646,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; but differs starkly from other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A27FBBD8093FBD3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[345,448,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, in which the apex process is lateral to the infraorbital foramen or, at the most, dorsal to its lateral edge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F1BE5FB1D80ADFA50" blockId="15.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
The jugal is transversely slender and distally splitting in a superior and inferior squamosal process, forming a mortized jugulosquamosal contact (char. 12[0], char. 15[1]). The latter is incomplete on the only preserved specimen (
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7E447F1BF0FA9A81BAFAB0" box="[142,233,1299,1325]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269) and lacks its apex (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7E447F1952FA9A833AFAB3" box="[556,617,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,205,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[604,889,675,1508]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in left lateral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing; C, same cranium in right lateral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow, jugal in blue, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671158/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The superior squamosal process is more slender than the inferior one, as usual in phocids. The zygomatic process of the squamosal is too abraded in the different specimens to make inferences about the jugo-squamosal contact in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7E447F1973FA1A833BFA30" box="[525,616,1427,1453]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269, and by extension, in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A48FA3A80FFFA50" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[310,428,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A48FA3A80FFFA50" box="[310,428,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7E447F1ACDFA3A80ADFA50" box="[435,510,1459,1485]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F1BE5FA5A808CF971" blockId="15.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
The zygomatic process of the squamosal projects anterodorsally (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7E447F1BC0FA7A81A9F990" box="[190,250,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,205,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-26@16.[604,889,675,1508]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in left lateral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing; C, same cranium in right lateral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow, jugal in blue, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671158/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Its dorsal component is moderate as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F19E0FA7A8256F990" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[670,773,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F19E0FA7A8256F990" box="[670,773,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BCAF99B8078F9B1" box="[180,299,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1BCAF99B8078F9B1" box="[180,299,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is intermediate between the condition in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BB9F9BB8000F9D1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[199,339,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, which have, either a rather anteriorlyprojecting zygomatic process (
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1ABDF9DB8374F9F1" box="[451,551,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1ABDF9DB8374F9F1" box="[451,551,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F194DF9DB83EDF9F1" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[563,702,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F194DF9DB83EDF9F1" box="[563,702,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F19B5F9DB81F8F911" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F19B5F9DB81F8F911" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BC4F9FB808EF911" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[186,477,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1BC4F9FB808EF911" box="[186,477,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Neomonachus schauinslandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1962F9FB83DFF911" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[540,652,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1962F9FB83DFF911" box="[540,652,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Sarcodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or a more strongly dorsally-projecting zygomatic process (
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1901F91B8253F931" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Marx, Evans, Tennyson, Scofield &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[639,768,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Eomonachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1901F91B8253F931" box="[639,768,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Eomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BFAF93B81AEF951" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[132,253,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1BFAF93B81AEF951" box="[132,253,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A70F93A802BF951" box="[270,376,1715,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A70F93A802BF951" box="[270,376,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1AF6F93B80A7F951" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[392,500,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1AF6F93B80A7F951" box="[392,500,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F197BF93B83ACF951" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[517,767,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F197BF93B83ACF951" box="[517,767,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Neomonachus tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BFAF95B804FF971" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[132,284,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1BFAF95B804FF971" box="[132,284,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A24F95B809BF971" box="[346,456,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A24F95B809BF971" box="[346,456,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F1BE5F97B8528FEEC" blockId="15.[130,777,215,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[811,1457,215,1485]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
The glenoid fossa of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A0DF97B80BAF891" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[371,489,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A0DF97B80BAF891" box="[371,489,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7E447F1A8EF97B8369F891" box="[496,570,1778,1804]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is shallow and very open, with a weakly developed preglenoid process. This condition is comparable to that in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1975F8B883C7F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[523,660,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1BFDF8D881A4F8F6" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[131,247,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1BFDF8D881A4F8F6" box="[131,247,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A7AF8D88035F8F6" box="[260,358,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A7AF8D88035F8F6" box="[260,358,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1A0CF8D8808DF8F6" box="[370,478,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1A0CF8D8808DF8F6" box="[370,478,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F196BF8D883D7F8F6" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[533,644,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F196BF8D883D7F8F6" box="[533,644,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Sarcodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have a more semi-cylindrical glenoid fossa with a better developed preglenoid process. The postglenoid process in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F19ECF818825AF836" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[658,777,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F19ECF818825AF836" box="[658,777,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7E447F1BFAF83B819CF851" box="[132,207,1970,1996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is moderately thick, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1950F83883E4F856" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[558,695,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1B89F85880D0F876" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[247,387,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, in which it is comparatively much thicker. Interestingly, the postglenoid process in
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7E447F1E2CFF5184E3FF6F" box="[1362,1456,216,242]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7E447F1851FF7E82DAFE8C" box="[815,905,247,273]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 appears to have a slightly concave posterior side, corresponding with the anteriorly projected lateral extremity of the ectotympanic. This condition is not observed in
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7E447F1836FEDE82F7FEEC" box="[840,932,343,369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7E447F18D3FEDE8558FEEC" box="[941,1035,343,369]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI277.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F183DFEFE85CFFD8D" blockId="15.[811,1457,215,1485]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
The long axes of the glenoid fossae for articulation with the mandibles are parallel to each other in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1FB1FE1F8416FE2D" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1231,1349,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1FB1FE1F8416FE2D" box="[1231,1349,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7E447F1E32FE1E84CAFE2C" box="[1356,1433,407,433]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, a characteristic shared with other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1FF2FE3F8446FE4D" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1164,1301,438,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, but contrasting to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F180CFE5F828BFE6D" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[882,984,470,496]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, in which the long axes of the glenoid fossae converge posteriorly (char. 20[0]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F183DFD9F8476FAD0" blockId="15.[811,1457,215,1485]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
The frontals are incompletely preserved in both
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C7E447F1E3AFD9E84FFFDAC" box="[1348,1452,535,561]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7E447F1853FDBF82DBFDCD" box="[813,904,566,592]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 and
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C7E447F1F4CFDBE85DCFDCC" box="[1074,1167,567,593]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI277 (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7E447F1E72FDBF841DFDCD" box="[1292,1358,566,592]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1391,1408]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,201,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-308@10.[698,1079,213,1065]" captionText="FIG. 3. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, cranium in dorsal view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,nasals in purple,jugal in blue.Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures separating the bones.Dashed lines represent the presumed sutures between the maxillae and frontals.Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671146/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Figs 3</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7E447F1E21FDBF843EFDCD" box="[1375,1389,566,592]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[131,142,1397,1414]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,205,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-401@12.[698,1267,213,786]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in dorsal view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxilla in yellow, nasals in purple. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures separating the bones. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671150/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">4</figureCitation>
). The supraorbital process is almost indiscernible, reduced to a small tuberosity on the interorbital bridge, just anterior to the level of the distal tip of the nasals between the frontals (char. 9[1]). This condition varies among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1FE7FD3C8472FD52" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1177,1313,693,719]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, in which the supraorbital process is either absent or vestigial.The interorbital bridge is long and narrow, and the narrowest portion is in the central part of the bridge (char. 16[0], char. 17[1]). At the extreme posterior end of the interorbital bridge, the posteriorlywidening bar is abruptly constricted. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1E39FCDC84FFFCF2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1351,1452,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, the transverse width of the interorbital bridge varies, but it is generally as narrow or slightly less narrow than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1E47FC1C84FDFC32" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1337,1454,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1E47FC1C84FDFC32" box="[1337,1454,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7E447F1853FC3C8224FC52" box="[813,887,949,975]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Exceptions are the phocine tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1F9FFC3C842CFC52" box="[1249,1407,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Histriophocini">Histriophocini</taxonomicName>
and genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1811FC5C82CCFC73" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1771" box="[879,927,981,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1811FC5C82CCFC73" box="[879,927,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Pusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, having a remarkably thin interorbital bridge; and,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1855FC7D82C6FB93" baseAuthorityName="Nilsson" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[811,917,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Cystophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1855FC7D82C6FB93" box="[811,917,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Cystophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F18DFFC7D8559FB93" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[929,1034,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F18DFFC7D8559FB93" box="[929,1034,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Erignathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1F6AFC7D85D7FB93" box="[1044,1156,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1F6AFC7D85D7FB93" box="[1044,1156,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1FF1FC7D85B0FB93" box="[1167,1251,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1FF1FC7D85B0FB93" box="[1167,1251,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1E69FC7D84F4FB93" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1303,1447,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1E69FC7D84F4FB93" box="[1303,1447,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, having a notably broad interorbital bar. In addition, the shape of the interorbital bridge largely varies between
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1E56FBBD84FDFBD3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1320,1454,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1825FBDD8292FBF3" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[859,961,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1896FBDD8523FBF3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1000,1136,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1F97FBDD84D3FBF3" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1257,1408,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1F97FBDD84D3FBF3" box="[1257,1408,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the central and posterior portions of the interorbital bridge are generally the narrowest and the bar roughly retains its width throughout, before expanding into the braincase. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1E17FB3D8201FB73" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F18F8FB5D854EFB73" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[902,1053,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F18F8FB5D854EFB73" box="[902,1053,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the central or anterior portion of the interorbital bridge is narrowest and the bar gradually widens posteriorly, progressing into the braincase.
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1F95FA9A8433FAB0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1259,1376,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1F95FA9A8433FAB0" box="[1259,1376,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7E447F1E19FA9D84E3FAB3" box="[1383,1456,1300,1326]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
follows the condition observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1FE6FABA8472FAD0" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1176,1313,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F183DFADA82EBFA50" blockId="15.[811,1457,215,1485]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
A sharp constriction of the interorbital bridge at its posterior end, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F18B2FAFA85EAFA10" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[972,1209,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F18B2FAFA85EAFA10" box="[972,1209,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7E447F1FBEFAFD8406FA13" box="[1216,1365,1396,1422]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has also been observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F188AFA1A85D6FA30" box="[1012,1157,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F188AFA1A85D6FA30" box="[1012,1157,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Neomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1FC0FA1A847DFA30" box="[1214,1326,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1FC0FA1A847DFA30" box="[1214,1326,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, albeit to a lesser extent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F1853FA7A8517F990" blockId="15.[811,1457,1523,2027]" box="[813,1092,1523,1549]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C7E447F1853FA7A8517F990" box="[813,1092,1523,1549]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1853FA7A8517F990" box="[813,1092,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Basicranium and braincase</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F1853F99B8522F891" blockId="15.[811,1457,1523,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
The tympanic bulla of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1F58F99B8440F9B1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1062,1299,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1F58F99B8440F9B1" box="[1062,1299,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C7E447F1E65F99A84E3F9B0" box="[1307,1456,1555,1581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is isosceles triangular in outline in ventral view, but with a pronounced anteriorly turned lateral lip of the ectotympanic covering the auditory meatus and extending further laterally than mid-width of the glenoid fossa (char. 22[1]). This gives the anterolateral margin of the tympanic bulla, the anterior margin of the ectotympanic, a slightly concave appearance in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7E447F18A5F97B8548F890" box="[987,1051,1778,1805]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1329,1346]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,197,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-375@13.[698,983,482,1288]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in ventral view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,jugals in blue, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671152/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Figs 5</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7E447F1F57F97B8564F891" box="[1065,1079,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1335,1352]" captionTargetBox="[132,868,215,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-324@14.[131,700,753,1295]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in ventral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxillae in yellow, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671156/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">6</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C7E447F1F3BF97B8532F891" box="[1093,1121,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1192,1209]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,214,1150]" captionTargetId="graphics-461@19.[528,1455,215,1150]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Auditory region of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp.:A, right auditory region of paratype MNHN.F.PPI269 in ventral view;B, corresponding line drawing; C, left auditory region of paratype MNHN.F.PPI277 in ventral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix; unless cavities and foramina filled with sediment. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671164/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C7E447F183DF89B8528F876" blockId="15.[811,1457,1523,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">
A markedly triangular tympanic bulla is a shared feature with other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F18DDF8B8857FF8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[931,1068,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, but differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1F9AF8B88419F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1252,1354,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, in which the strong inflation of the tympanic bulla yields a rounder, “inflated” outline in ventral view, holding the middle between a triangular and a circular shape. On the other side of the spectrum, the inflation of the tympanic bulla in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1E50F83884CBF856" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1326,1432,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C7E447F1E50F83884CBF856" box="[1326,1432,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="44">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is less than in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C7E447F1893F8588524F876" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1005,1143,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6144601BFAF8F48262F874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671158/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="45" startId="16.[132,143,1917,1934]" targetBox="[132,1456,205,1893]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6144601BFAF8F48262F874" blockId="16.[132,1455,1917,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6144601BFAF8F481CEF813" baselines="1930,1931" box="[132,157,1917,1934]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="16" pageNumber="45">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 7. — Cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6144601A4DF8F480A5F813" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[307,502,1917,1934]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="16" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6144601A4DF8F480A5F813" box="[307,502,1917,1934]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="45">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6144601A85F8F4833FF813" box="[507,620,1917,1934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6144601821F8F4823FF813" bold="true" box="[863,876,1917,1934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
, cranium in left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6144601F2BF8F48531F813" bold="true" box="[1109,1122,1917,1934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawing;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6144601EE2F8F484F9F813" bold="true" box="[1436,1450,1917,1934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
, same cranium in right lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6144601ADDF81D80E2F838" bold="true" box="[419,433,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="45">D</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow, jugal in blue, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6044611BFAF89A84E2F8F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671160/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="46" startId="17.[132,143,1811,1828]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1778]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6044611BFAF89A84E2F8F5" blockId="17.[132,1457,1811,1896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="46">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6044611BFAF89A81CEF8BE" baselines="1824,1824" box="[132,157,1811,1828]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="17" pageNumber="46">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 8. — Cranium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6044611A45F89A8352F8B9" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[315,513,1811,1828]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6044611A45F89A8352F8B9" box="[315,513,1811,1828]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="46">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6044611979F89A832CF8B9" box="[519,639,1811,1828]" pageId="17" pageNumber="46" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6044611807F89A82D5F8B9" bold="true" box="[889,902,1811,1828]" pageId="17" pageNumber="46">A</emphasis>
, cranium in left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6044611F05F89A85DBF8B9" bold="true" box="[1147,1160,1811,1828]" pageId="17" pageNumber="46">B</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawing;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6044611BD6F8A381E5F8A6" bold="true" box="[168,182,1834,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="46">C</emphasis>
, same cranium in right lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6044611A9DF8A380A2F8A6" bold="true" box="[483,497,1834,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="46">D</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxilla in yellow, nasals in purple, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6044611BE5F8188513F876" blockId="17.[131,777,1937,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[811,1455,1937,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="46">
The medial margins of the tympanic bullae are parasagittal and parallel (char. 21[1]). This is a characteristic shared with extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6044611A2FF858808DF876" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[337,478,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6044611A92F858825AF876" author="AMSON E. &amp; MUIZON C. DE" box="[492,777,2001,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="46" pagination="523 - 548" refId="ref45824" refString="AMSON E. &amp; MUIZON C. DE 2014. - A new durophagous phocid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the late Neogene of Peru and considerations on monachine seal phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 12: 523 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019. 2013.799610" type="journal article" year="2014">Amson &amp; Muizon (2014)</bibRefCitation>
listed this character as one of the diagnostic characters of this tribe. In other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C60446118BBF8388579F856" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[965,1066,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, the medial margins of the tympanic bullae diverge posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6344621BFAFCD48292FC18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671162/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" startId="18.[132,143,861,878]" targetBox="[131,1457,213,820]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6344621BFAFCD48292FC18" blockId="18.[132,1456,861,901]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6344621BFAFCD481CEFCF3" baselines="874,875" box="[132,157,861,878]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 9. — Rostrum of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621A4AFCD480ABFCF3" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[308,504,861,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621A4AFCD480ABFCF3" box="[308,504,861,878]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6344621A82FCD4833DFCF3" box="[508,622,861,878]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI278):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621871FCD4824FFCF3" bold="true" box="[783,796,861,878]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
, rostrum in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621898FCD482A0FCF3" bold="true" box="[998,1011,861,878]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
, same rostrum in ventral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621F8DFCD48452FCF3" bold="true" box="[1267,1281,861,878]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
, same rostrum in left lateral view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6344621BE5FC5D8086FBF3" blockId="18.[130,777,980,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">
The entotympanic of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621AEBFC5D835CFC73" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[405,527,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621AEBFC5D835CFC73" box="[405,527,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6344621969FC5C8335FC72" box="[535,614,981,1007]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is moderately inflated (char. 23[1]). A pitted faint groove is observed along the anterior half of the tympanic bulla and corresponds to the fused suture of the ecto- and ento-tympanic. Posteriorly the suture is totally obliterated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6344621BE5FBFD804DF9B0" blockId="18.[130,777,980,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">
The ectotympanic is strongly convex medial to the tympanohyal groove forming a hump which is roughly at the same elevation as the entyotympanic medially. This inflation of the tympanic bulla is not much different from that in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621BFAFB7A805DFA90" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[132,270,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(char. 23[1]), with the notable exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621BF8FA9A81BCFAB0" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[134,239,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621BF8FA9A81BCFAB0" box="[134,239,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has a much less inflated tympanic bulla. This condition differs from that in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621971FABA8320FAD0" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[527,627,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
in which the entotympanic is usually much more strongly inflated. As noted above, the ectotympanic lip extends laterally, prominently. However, it is gracile and maintains a fair distance from the postglenoid process. A repercussion of this, is that the lateral lip of the ectotympanic only covers the posteroventral portion of the auditory meatus, leaving the anteroventral portion open.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6344621BE5F9BB825AF876" blockId="18.[130,777,980,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">
The carotid canal is located on the posteromedial region of the entotympanic, visible in ventral view, and opening posteromedially (char. 29[0]). The carotid canal does not contribute to the basioccipital or posterior lacerate foramen and is separated from it by a thin lamina of the tympanic bulla (char. 30[0]). These two characters unite
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C634462193EF95B83E5F971" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[576,694,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C634462193EF95B83E5F971" box="[576,694,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C63446219C3F95B8254F971" box="[701,775,1746,1772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621B86F97B802DF891" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[248,382,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(the latter with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621958F97B83DBF891" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[550,648,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
as a whole). In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621BE1F89B8057F8B1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[159,260,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the carotid canal is not visible in ventral view. In
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6344621BFCF8BB818CF8D1" box="[130,223,1842,1868]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI277, the anterior margin of the carotid canal is invaginated, forming an acute angle. This condition is absent in the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6344621BB8F8FB8071F811" box="[198,290,1906,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6344621A56F8F880D1F816" box="[296,386,1905,1931]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 and in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6344621940F8F883CBF816" box="[574,664,1905,1931]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI294 but is observed on the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6344621A06F8188084F836" box="[376,471,1937,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621A85F818833AF836" box="[507,617,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621A85F818833AF836" box="[507,617,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The posterior margin of the carotid canal is robust, extending into a wall abutting the anterior margin of the posterior lacerate foramen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C634462183DFC5D8414FBF3" blockId="18.[811,1458,980,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">
The posterior lacerate foramen is strongly reniform, concave anterolaterally, and located at the posteromedial tip of the tympanic bulla. The posterior lacerate foramen of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621E46FB9D82CEFBD3" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621E46FB9D82CEFBD3" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C63446218DDFBBC8560FBD2" box="[931,1075,1077,1103]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
does not extend medial to the tympanic bulla, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621F54FBDD85E3FBF3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1066,1200,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(char. 31[0]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C634462183DFBFD8528FAD0" blockId="18.[811,1458,980,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">
The pars petrosa of the petrosal is visible in the posterior lacerate foramen, but it is not inflated (char. 33[0]).
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6344621E38FB1D8280FB53" author="AMSON E. &amp; MUIZON C. DE" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" pagination="523 - 548" refId="ref45824" refString="AMSON E. &amp; MUIZON C. DE 2014. - A new durophagous phocid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the late Neogene of Peru and considerations on monachine seal phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 12: 523 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019. 2013.799610" type="journal article" year="2014">Amson &amp; Muizon (2014)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C634462189FFB3D85F5FB52" author="BERTA A. &amp; KIENLE S. &amp; BIANUCCI G. &amp; SORBI S." box="[993,1190,1204,1231]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" pagination="889144" refId="ref46038" refString="BERTA A., KIENLE S., BIANUCCI G. &amp; SORBI S. 2015. - A reevaluation of Pliophoca etrusca (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Pliocene of Italy: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35: e 889144. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2014.889144" type="journal article" year="2015">
Berta
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621F5FFB3C8506FB53" box="[1057,1109,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6344621F9AFB3D84FCFB53" author="RULE J. P. &amp; ADAMS J. W. &amp; MARX F. G. &amp; EVANS A. R. &amp; TENNYSON A. J. D. &amp; SCOFIELD R. P. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G." box="[1252,1455,1204,1230]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" pagination="20202318" refId="ref49434" refString="RULE J. P., ADAMS J. W., MARX F. G., EVANS A. R., TENNYSON A. J. D., SCOFIELD R. P. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G. 2020 b. - First monk seal from the Southern Hemisphere rewrites the evolutionary history of true seals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 287: 20202318. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2020.2318" type="journal article" year="2020">
Rule
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621E63FB3C8402FB53" box="[1309,1361,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
(2020b)
</bibRefCitation>
regard an inflated pars petrosa of the petrosal as a characteristic uniting
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C63446218ABFB7A8505FA90" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Marx, Evans, Tennyson, Scofield &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[981,1110,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Eomonachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C63446218ABFB7A8505FA90" box="[981,1110,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Eomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Australasia and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621E38FB7A84E3FA90" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1350,1456,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621E38FB7A84E3FA90" box="[1350,1456,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621822FA9A8293FAB0" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[860,960,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621822FA9A8293FAB0" box="[860,960,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Mediterranean realm, a feature that is absent in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621893FABA8524FAD0" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1005,1143,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C634462183DFADA85DAFA50" blockId="18.[811,1458,980,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">The posterolateral margin of the tympanic bulla contacts the mastoid (pars mastoidea of the petrosal), but is separated from it by a deep invagination. This invagination bears multiple grooves, pits and foramina.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C634462183DFA5A859DF8B1" blockId="18.[811,1458,980,2028]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">
The pit for the tympanohyal, in the anterolateral half of this invagination, is located on the ectotympanic and descends into the tympanomastoid contact. The shape of the pit for the tympanohyal on the posterior margin of the ectotympanic varies: it is a wide-open groove in both bullae of
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6344621832F9FA82FFF910" box="[844,940,1651,1677]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI277, but the only completely preserved bulla of
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C63446218F5F91B82B6F931" box="[907,997,1682,1708]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 (the right one) has a pit for the tympanohyal that is covered by a thin lamina. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621852F95B82E6F971" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[812,949,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the pit for the tympanohyal is also (partially) covered by a bony lip in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621F4BF97B85CCF891" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1077,1183,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621F4BF97B85CCF891" box="[1077,1183,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621FD2F97B8471F891" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[1196,1314,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621FD2F97B8471F891" box="[1196,1314,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621E4FF97B84FBF891" box="[1329,1448,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621E4FF97B84FBF891" box="[1329,1448,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621853F89B82EAF8B1" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[813,953,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621853F89B82EAF8B1" box="[813,953,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C63446218B9F89B8572F8B1" box="[967,1057,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C63446218B9F89B8572F8B1" box="[967,1057,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6344621F20F89B859BF8B1" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1118,1224,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6344621F20F89B859BF8B1" box="[1118,1224,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C634463183DF8B8839BF951" blockId="18.[811,1458,980,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[130,777,1331,2028]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">
The stylomastoid foramen is located at the contact between the ectotympanic and the mastoid. From the foramen a deep groove extends anterolaterally at approximately 45° to the sagittal plane. The morphology of this groove varies between
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.F.PPI269 and
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6344621F52F83B85DBF851" box="[1068,1160,1970,1996]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18" pageNumber="47">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI277. It forms a cylindrical, lateroventrally open gutter in both, open ventrally in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6244631BFAFABD818CFAD3" box="[132,223,1332,1358]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI277, but covered posteriorly by a thin lamina of the mastoid in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6244631A5DFADA802FFAF0" box="[291,380,1363,1389]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269. The facial nerve (CN VII) exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and extends on the lateral and dorsal aspect of the skull to innervate the anterior region of the head. A central swelling of the mastoid separates the stylomastoid foramen from the auricular foramen in all
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631BF8FA7A809AF990" authority="(Demere et al. 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Demere" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[134,457,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Phocidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6244631B8AFA7A8092F990" author="DEMERE T. A. &amp; BERTA A. &amp; ADAM P. J." box="[244,449,1523,1549]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" pagination="32 - 76" refId="ref46819" refString="DEMERE T. A., BERTA A. &amp; ADAM P. J. 2003. - Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279: 32 - 76. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2003) 279 &lt;0032: C&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">
Deméré
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631A2EFA7A80D0F990" box="[336,387,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C624463193BFA7A83EBF990" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[581,696,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C624463193BFA7A83EBF990" box="[581,696,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C62446319C0FA7A825BF990" box="[702,776,1523,1549]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
This lamina in
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.F.PPI269 aids in the separation of the stylomastoid foramen from the auricular foramen in the specimen. The auricular foramen conveys the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (CN X), which runs in a groove along posterior angle of the entotympanic, from the posterior lacerate foramen (where the vagus nerve exits) to the facial nerve laterally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6244631BFAFB2184F4FB7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671164/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" startId="19.[132,143,1192,1209]" targetBox="[132,1455,214,1150]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6244631BFAFB2184F4FB7B" blockId="19.[132,1455,1192,1254]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6244631BFAFB2181CEFB25" baselines="1205,1205" box="[132,157,1192,1209]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 10. — Auditory region of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631A0EFB218363FB24" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[368,560,1192,1209]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631A0EFB218363FB24" box="[368,560,1192,1209]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C624463194AFB2183F7FB24" box="[564,676,1192,1209]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" rank="species">n. gen.,n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C62446319D7FB2183E5FB24" bold="true" box="[681,694,1192,1209]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">A</emphasis>
, right auditory region of paratype MNHN.F.PPI269 in ventral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631FB3FB218589FB24" bold="true" box="[1229,1242,1192,1209]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">B</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631BD9FB3781E6FB52" bold="true" box="[167,181,1214,1231]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
, left auditory region of paratype MNHN.F.PPI277 in ventral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C62446319B3FB378388FB52" bold="true" box="[717,731,1214,1231]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">D</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix; unless cavities and foramina filled with sediment. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6244631BE5F95B84F9F9B1" blockId="19.[130,777,1331,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[810,1458,1331,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">
The pars mastoidea of the petrosal is external to the tympanic cavity as in all phocids. It is a robust and contacts the tympanic bulla posterolaterally. The mastoid of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C624463197FF89B8327F8B1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[513,628,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C624463197FF89B8327F8B1" box="[513,628,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6244631904F89B8392F8B1" box="[634,705,1810,1836]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
exhibits a partial mastoid lip on its medial tip, appressed against the lateral surface of the posterior tip of the tympanic bulla, covering the pars petrosa of the petrosal and the lateral margin of the posterior lacerate foramen (as well as an external cochlear foramen, or a round window, as in other extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631BF8F858805BF876" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[134,264,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
(char.27[1]), (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C6244631AE2F85880B1F876" box="[412,482,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1192,1209]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,214,1150]" captionTargetId="graphics-461@19.[528,1455,215,1150]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Auditory region of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp.:A, right auditory region of paratype MNHN.F.PPI269 in ventral view;B, corresponding line drawing; C, left auditory region of paratype MNHN.F.PPI277 in ventral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix; unless cavities and foramina filled with sediment. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671164/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Fig.10</figureCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6244631926F8588254F876" author="RULE J. P. &amp; ADAMS J. W. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G." box="[600,775,2001,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" pagination="441 - 459" refId="ref49647" refString="RULE J. P., ADAMS J. W. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G. 2021. - Early monk seals (Monachinae: Monachini) from the late Mioceneearly Pliocene of Australia. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 19: 441 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2021.1920639" type="journal article" year="2021">
Rule
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C62446319F0F85B83EFF876" box="[654,700,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
drew a distinction between partial mastoid lips and fully sealed mastoid lips. Among extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631FAEFADA8404FAF0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1232,1367,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, the full mastoid dominates, with only
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631F17FAFA858FFA10" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[1129,1244,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631F17FAFA858FFA10" box="[1129,1244,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631F97FAFA840FFA10" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1257,1372,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631F97FAFA840FFA10" box="[1257,1372,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6244631E1FFAFD84F8FA13" box="[1377,1451,1396,1422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631822FA1A82A2FA30" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[860,1009,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631822FA1A82A2FA30" box="[860,1009,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having a partial mastoid lip. Considering that the latter condition is shared with certain
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631E7BFA3A84DBFA50" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1285,1416,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
not included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C62446318BAFA5A851BFA70" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[964,1096,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631FE7FA5A8473FA70" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" box="[1177,1312,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631FE7FA5A8473FA70" box="[1177,1312,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Monotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631E51FA5D842DFA70" box="[1327,1406,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">wymani</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631854FA7A82B5F991" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[810,998,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631854FA7A82B5F991" box="[810,998,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Sarcodectes magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, followingRule
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631FF3FA7A85EFF990" box="[1165,1212,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
(2021), it can be argued that this characteristic is a plesiomorphy among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631E61F99B84F6F9B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1311,1445,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C624463183DF9BB8555F971" blockId="19.[810,1458,1331,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">
The mastoid is not visible in dorsal view of the skull since it is obscured from it by a wide mastoid crest (char. 25[0]). This is a characteristic shared with all other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631FAAF9FB840EF911" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1236,1373,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631850F91B8290F931" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[814,963,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631850F91B8290F931" box="[814,963,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631897F91B852CF931" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1001,1151,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6244631897F91B852CF931" box="[1001,1151,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6244631FCCF91B8445F931" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1202,1302,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the mastoid is visible in dorsal view, as a consequence of the medial inflexion of the mastoid crest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C624463183DF97B8511F876" blockId="19.[810,1458,1331,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="48">The basioccipital is roughly rectangular between the tympanic bullae, a result from the parasagittal orientation of the medial margins of the tympanic bullae (see above). In the preserved specimens, a serrated suture in the middle between the tympanic bullae separates the basioccipital from the basisphenoid anterior to it. The basioccipital bears a distinct sagittal elevation that is roughly hourglass-shaped, flaring out anteriorly and posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6544641BE5FF5E80A7FC12" blockId="20.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
On the exoccipital, the paroccipital process forms a moderately well-developed stubby hook-like process. This hook is moderately well-developed, only having a ventral and posterior prominence of a few millimeters (char. 32[1]). Among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641B9DFEDE8020FEEC" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[227,371,343,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the development of this process is comparable in most extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641938FEFE8385FE0C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[582,726,375,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, but better developed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A17FE1F809DFE2D" box="[361,462,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641A17FE1F809DFE2D" box="[361,462,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C654464196FFE1F83DCFE2D" box="[529,655,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
. The anterior portion of the process bears a small but well-developed fossa for the muscle attachment. Literature on the myology of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641BDFFE7F8057FD8D" box="[161,260,502,528]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
is scarce, but following
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6544641974FE7F83FAFD8D" author="PIERARD J." box="[522,681,502,528]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" pagination="53 - 108" refId="ref49278" refString="PIERARD J. 1971. - Osteology and Myology of the Weddell Seal Leptonychotes weddelli (Lesson 1826), in BURT W. H. (ed.), Antarctic Pinnipedia. Antarctic Research Series 18: 53 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1029 / AR 018 p 0053" type="book chapter" year="1971">Piérard (1971)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C65446419C6FE7F819EFDAD" author="BRYDEN M. M." pageId="20" pageNumber="49" pagination="109 - 140" refId="ref46572" refString="BRYDEN M. M. 1971. - Myology of the Southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina (L.). Antarctic Research Series 18: 109 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1029 / AR 018 p 0109" type="book chapter" year="1971">Bryden (1971)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6544641BA4FD9E80B2FDAD" author="EVANS H. E. &amp; DE LAHUNTA A." box="[218,481,534,561]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" refId="ref47536" refString="EVANS H. E. &amp; DE LAHUNTA A. 2013. - Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, Fourth Edition. Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, 850 p." type="book" year="2013">Evans &amp; Lahunta (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6544641966FD9F83B0FDAD" author="KIENLE S. S. &amp; CUTHBERTSON R. D. &amp; REIDENBERG J. S." box="[536,739,534,560]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" pagination="226 - 252" refId="ref48003" refString="KIENLE S. S., CUTHBERTSON R. D. &amp; REIDENBERG J. S. 2022. - Comparative examination of pinniped craniafacial musculature and its role in aquatic feeding. Journal of Anatomy 240: 226 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 13557" type="journal article" year="2022">
Kienle
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C654464191AFD9E83C6FDAD" box="[612,661,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
for the musculature of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A31FDBF836CFDCD" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1163" box="[335,575,566,592]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641A31FDBF836CFDCD" box="[335,575,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641933FDBE8254FDCD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[589,775,566,592]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leonina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641933FDBE8254FDCD" box="[589,775,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Mirounga leonina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the domesticated dog, respectively, it can be assumed that
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641BC6FDFE801AFD0D" box="[184,329,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">m. digastricus</emphasis>
has its origin on this area. Dorsally, this paroccipital process extends dorsally, transitioning into the nuchal crest. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A53FD3C80F7FD52" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[301,420,693,719]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641A53FD3C80F7FD52" box="[301,420,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6544641AD2FD3F80ABFD4D" box="[428,504,694,720]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the hypoglossal foramen is located distal and slightly medial to the posterior lacerate foramen. This condition varies among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641970FD7C83C7FC92" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[526,660,757,783]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. The hypoglossal foramen is always located posterior to the posterior lacerate foramen: posterior or only slightly posteromedial in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641BFDFCDC81BEFCF2" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[131,237,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641BFDFCDC81BEFCF2" box="[131,237,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A3DFCDC8083FCF2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[323,464,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C654464197BFCDC8327FCF2" box="[517,628,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C654464197BFCDC8327FCF2" box="[517,628,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and strongly posteromedial other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A1AFCFC80A3FC12" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[356,496,885,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6544641853FCFB85BCFC5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671166/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" startId="20.[813,824,882,899]" targetBox="[813,1455,215,840]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6544641853FCFB85BCFC5A" blockId="20.[813,1457,882,967]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6544641853FCFB8216FC1E" baselines="895,896" box="[813,837,882,899]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 11. — Left mandible of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641F66FCFB858EFC1E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1048,1245,882,899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641F66FCFB858EFC1E" box="[1048,1245,882,899]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6544641F9CFCFB840BFC1E" box="[1250,1368,882,899]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C65446418B5FC00828BFC07" bold="true" box="[971,984,905,922]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
, mandible in lateral view,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641FC3FC008599FC07" bold="true" box="[1213,1226,905,922]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
, same mandible in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641820FC29823FFC2C" bold="true" box="[862,876,928,945]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
, same mandibule in occlusal view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6544641BE5FC1C8374F8F1" blockId="20.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
The occipital condyles are slender and strongly convex. Lateroventral to the occipital condyle, a distinctly concave ventral condyloid fossa separates the condyle from the paroccipital process. Dorsally, the occipital condyles are strongly diverging (char. 35[1]). The occipital condyles are ventrally fused, and the ventral margin of the foramen magnum is semi-circular. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A5CFBDD80FDFBF3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[290,430,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the occipital condyles are also ventrally fused in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A3CFBFD80EBFB13" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[322,440,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641A3CFBFD80EBFB13" box="[322,440,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641AB9FBFD836DFB13" box="[455,574,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641AB9FBFD836DFB13" box="[455,574,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641932FBFD81EDFB33" authority=", Monachini" authorityName="Monachini" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641932FBFD83E3FB13" box="[588,688,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Hydrurga</emphasis>
, Monachini
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641B84FB1D803BFB33" box="[250,360,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641B84FB1D803BFB33" box="[250,360,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In lateral view, the occipital condyles strongly protrude distally in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641AC1FB3D8366FB53" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[447,565,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641AC1FB3D8366FB53" box="[447,565,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6544641942FB3D83DBFB53" box="[572,648,1204,1230]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
This is due to the combined distal protrusion of the condyles, as well as the rather weak development of the nuchal crests. The nuchal crest does not, or barely, protrude distally past the paroccipital process. The nuchal crest is roughly parabolic in dorsal view, with a rounded flaring progressively more laterally, posteriorly. The angle between both sides is approximately 90°. The crest is lowly-raised, yet robust and rugose. The parabolic nuchal crest of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A59FA3A80CEFA50" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[295,413,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641A59FA3A80CEFA50" box="[295,413,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6544641ADAFA3A80BDFA50" box="[420,494,1459,1485]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
strongly resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641BFAFA5A8056FA70" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Marx, Evans, Tennyson, Scofield &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[132,261,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Eomonachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641BFAFA5A8056FA70" box="[132,261,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Eomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A6FFA5A80D4FA70" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[273,391,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641A6FFA5A80D4FA70" box="[273,391,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641ABEFA5A837DFA70" box="[448,558,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641ABEFA5A837DFA70" box="[448,558,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from the V-shaped nuchal crest of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641AEDFA7A80AEF990" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[403,509,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641AEDFA7A80AEF990" box="[403,509,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(unpublished specimens from
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6544641BC1F99A8048F9B0" box="[191,283,1555,1581]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">MNHN</collectionCode>
and MUSM), The condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641906F99B83BCF9B1" box="[632,751,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641906F99B83BCF9B1" box="[632,751,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is intermediate between the two morphologies. Among extant monachines a parabolic nuchal crest is present in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C65446419E2F9DB8253F9F1" box="[668,768,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C65446419E2F9DB8253F9F1" box="[668,768,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641BFAF9FB80FDF911" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[132,430,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641BFAF9FB80FDF911" box="[132,430,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Neomonachus schauinslandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A8DF9FB83DFF911" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[499,652,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641A8DF9FB83DFF911" box="[499,652,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whearas a V-shaped crest is observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641AD9F91B837EF931" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[423,557,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641AD9F91B837EF931" box="[423,557,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641944F91B83C3F931" box="[570,656,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641944F91B83C3F931" box="[570,656,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C65446419E5F91B8253F931" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[667,768,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C65446419E5F91B8253F931" box="[667,768,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641BCCF93B80F7F951" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[178,420,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641BCCF93B80F7F951" box="[178,420,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Neomonachus tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641ACFF93B8358F951" box="[433,523,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641ACFF93B8358F951" box="[433,523,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C654464193AF93B8383F951" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[580,720,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C654464193AF93B8383F951" box="[580,720,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The degree of development of the nuchal crest is similar to that in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641BDEF97B8059F891" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[160,266,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641BDEF97B8059F891" box="[160,266,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641A69F97B80DDF891" box="[279,398,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641A69F97B80DDF891" box="[279,398,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641AB7F97B8364F891" box="[457,567,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641AB7F97B8364F891" box="[457,567,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but less developed than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641BA2F89B8001F8B1" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[220,338,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641BA2F89B8001F8B1" box="[220,338,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641AF5F89B80A7F8B1" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[395,500,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641AF5F89B80A7F8B1" box="[395,500,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C654464195CF89B83DBF8B1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[546,648,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the nuchal crests are generally much less developed than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C65446419FFF8B88254F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[641,775,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(except in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641B8BF8D88035F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Nilsson" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[245,358,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Cystophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641B8BF8D88035F8F6" box="[245,358,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Cystophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641AE2F8D88344F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Nilsson" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[412,535,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Halichoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641AE2F8D88344F8F6" box="[412,535,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Halichoerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6544641BE5F8F885DEFBB3" blockId="20.[130,777,215,2028]" lastBlockId="20.[810,1458,1044,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
The sagittal crest is preserved as a low crest at the transition of the interorbital bridge into the braincase, but does not extend onto the braincase to contact the nuchal crest. This does not differ from the general condition among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C65446419E1F8588256F876" box="[671,773,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
.
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6544641853FB9C82F3FBB0" baselines="1064,1064" box="[813,928,1045,1071]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Mandible" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">MANDIBLE</smallCapsWord>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C65446418CEFB9D8570FBB3" box="[944,1059,1044,1071]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="20.[813,824,882,899]" captionStartId-1="21.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionStartId-2="22.[132,143,815,832]" captionTargetBox-0="[813,1455,215,840]" captionTargetBox-1="[133,1454,215,1878]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1455,215,772]" captionTargetId-0="figure-851@20.[811,1364,213,751]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@21.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetId-2="figure-353@22.[698,1267,213,773]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionText-0="FIG. 11. — Left mandible of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, mandible in lateral view, B, same mandible in medial view; C, same mandibule in occlusal view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 12. — Right mandible of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, mandible in lingual view; B, the same mandible in labial view; C, the same mandible in occlusal view, D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray are abraded or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 13. — Mandibles of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, left horizontal ramus horizontal in lateral view; B, the same mandible in medial view; C, the same mandible in occlusal view; D, right horizontal ramus horizontal in lateral view; E, the same mandible in medial view; F, the same mandible in occlusal view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671166" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671168" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671172" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10671166/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10671168/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10671172/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Figs 11-13</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C6544641F4FFB9D85D7FBB3" box="[1073,1156,1044,1070]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="22.[813,824,984,1001]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of the mandible of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp.Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6744661853FC5185D7FB8B" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6744661853FC5185D7FB8B">Table 4</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6544641853FBBD84C0FA30" blockId="20.[810,1458,1044,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
The mandible of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6544641F68FBBC8526FBD2" box="[1046,1141,1077,1103]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6544641FFCFBBD858DFBD3" box="[1154,1246,1076,1102]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269, is virtually completely preserved, except for the incisors and left p2 (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C654464184BFBFD822DFB13" box="[821,894,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-25@21.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 12. — Right mandible of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, mandible in lingual view; B, the same mandible in labial view; C, the same mandible in occlusal view, D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray are abraded or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671168/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). The mandible is gracile and mediolaterally thin. The mandibular tooth row extends across the anterior 40-45% of the mandible. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641FF8FB3D845CFB53" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1158,1295,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the mandibular toothrow is also shorter than half of the total length of the mandible in most extant and other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641E5AFB7A84FDFA90" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1316,1454,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. Notable exceptions are
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641F5DFA9A852DFAB0" box="[1059,1150,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Hydurga</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641FCCFA9A845FFAB0" box="[1202,1292,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641FCCFA9A845FFAB0" box="[1202,1292,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the mandibles of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641839FABA82F8FAD0" box="[839,939,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641839FABA82F8FAD0" box="[839,939,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
available during in this study show that the mandibular toothrow in this species is approximately half the length of the mandible, and the mandibular toothrow in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641E29FAFA84E2FA10" box="[1367,1457,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641E29FAFA84E2FA10" box="[1367,1457,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much larger than half the total length of the mandible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6544671853FA3A830BF971" blockId="20.[810,1458,1044,2028]" lastBlockId="23.[130,777,980,1772]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
The horizontal ramus of the mandible of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641FB5FA3A84FEFA50" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1227,1453,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641FB5FA3A84FEFA50" box="[1227,1453,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6544641853FA5A82EDFA70" box="[813,958,1491,1517]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is dorsoventrally highest and transversely widest at the level of the symphysis. Transversely, the mandible becomes gradually more slender, posteriorly. Dorsoventrally, the mandible is almost equally high along the entire length of the horizontal ramus, only slightly shorter just posterior to m1. The external aspect of the symphysis, i.e., the chin, is smoothly and gently convex. The symphysis is round to teardrop-shaped, terminating at the level of the anterior alveolus of p2. In most other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641F03F95B845AF971" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1149,1289,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the symphysis terminates at the level of p2 (or just posterior to it) except in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641832F89B82FBF8B1" box="[844,936,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641832F89B82FBF8B1" box="[844,936,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C65446418C7F89B8570F8B6" box="[953,1059,1810,1835]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C65446418C7F89B8570F8B6" box="[953,1059,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641F17F89B8450F8B1" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1129,1283,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641F17F89B8450F8B1" box="[1129,1283,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In most other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641851F8B882EBF8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[815,952,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the horizontal ramus of the mandible is equally high throughout, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6544641F2FF8D885E7F8F6" box="[1105,1204,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6544641F2FF8D885E7F8F6" box="[1105,1204,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which the horizontal ramus of the mandible is proportionally significantly higher anteriorly. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C65446418B5F8188592F836" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[971,1217,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C65446418B5F8188592F836" box="[971,1217,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6544641FB7F81B843AF831" box="[1225,1385,1938,1964]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, three mental foramina line up horizontally on the labial side of the mandible, ventral to the incisors and canine; two are located on a vertical line, ventral to the posterior alveolus of p2; and two line up horizontally at the level of the posterior alveolus of p3 and the anterior alveolus of p4. The retromandibular space is short, with the coronoid crest of the mandible beginning to rise less than one tooth length posterior to the m1. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661A2DFBFD808FFB13" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[339,476,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the retromandibular space is also short in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661A56FB1D80CDFB33" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[296,414,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661A56FB1D80CDFB33" box="[296,414,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661AD3FB1D8342FB33" box="[429,529,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661AD3FB1D8342FB33" box="[429,529,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C67446619F7FB1D8257FB33" box="[649,772,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
. The retromandibular space is moderately long in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C67446619F9FB3D83ADFB53" box="[647,766,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C67446619F9FB3D83ADFB53" box="[647,766,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661BFAFB5D81A1FB73" box="[132,242,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661BFAFB5D81A1FB73" box="[132,242,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661A55FB5D80DCFB73" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[299,399,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661A55FB5D80DCFB73" box="[299,399,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and long in all other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661907FB5D8250FB73" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[633,771,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661BFDFB7A81BEFA90" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[131,237,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661BFDFB7A81BEFA90" box="[131,237,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661B85FB7A80D4FA90" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[251,391,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661B85FB7A80D4FA90" box="[251,391,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661AEBFB7D80AEFA90" box="[405,509,1268,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661AEBFB7D80AEFA90" box="[405,509,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661946FB7A8383FA90" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[568,720,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661946FB7A8383FA90" box="[568,720,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The curvature of the coronoid crest is sigmoidal in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C67446619EFFA9A81A7FAD0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C67446619EFFA9A81A7FAD0" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6744661B82FABD80C1FAD3" box="[252,402,1332,1358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The ventral margin of the mandible is overall straight, only curving dorsally, at the angle of the mandible, posterior to the level of the coronoid process. This largely corresponds with other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C674466196DFA1A83CDFA30" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[531,670,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661A6EFA3A80D4FA50" box="[272,391,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661A6EFA3A80D4FA50" box="[272,391,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661AE8FA3A8371FA50" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[406,546,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661AE8FA3A8371FA50" box="[406,546,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C674466194EFA3A83D9FA50" box="[560,650,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C674466194EFA3A83D9FA50" box="[560,650,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C67446619E6FA3D8253FA50" box="[664,768,1460,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C67446619E6FA3D8253FA50" box="[664,768,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661BCBFA5A801EFA70" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[181,333,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661BCBFA5A801EFA70" box="[181,333,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661A00FA5A80A6FA70" box="[382,501,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661A00FA5A80A6FA70" box="[382,501,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661950FA5D83C7FA70" box="[558,660,1492,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661950FA5D83C7FA70" box="[558,660,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the angle of the mandible reaches ventral to the ventral margin of the horizontal ramus before curving dorsally. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C674466190AF99B8253F9B1" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[628,768,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C674466190AF99B8253F9B1" box="[628,768,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the mandible starts to curve dorsally just posterior to the toothrow, and in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661A3EF9DB80C9F9F1" box="[320,410,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661A3EF9DB80C9F9F1" box="[320,410,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661AAEF9DB833BF9F1" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[464,616,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661AAEF9DB833BF9F1" box="[464,616,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the elongated symphysis makes the ventral margin of the mandible curve. The vertical ramus (
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661A30F91A8345F931" box="[334,534,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">ramus mandibularis</emphasis>
) is approximately three times as high as the horizontal ramus (
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C674466195BF93A83A4F951" box="[549,759,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">corpus mandibularis</emphasis>
). Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661A64F95B80F0F971" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[282,419,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, such a proportionally high vertical ramus is also present in some extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C674466193DF97B839AF891" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[579,713,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661BFBF89B81A9F8B1" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[133,250,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661BFBF89B81A9F8B1" box="[133,250,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661A76F89B802CF8B1" box="[264,383,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661A76F89B802CF8B1" box="[264,383,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661AC3F89B8378F8B1" box="[445,555,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661AC3F89B8378F8B1" box="[445,555,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661914F89B83B6F8B1" box="[618,741,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
. In other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661BBFF8B8801AF8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[193,329,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, such as some
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661AA3F8B88337F8D6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[477,612,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C67446619DCF8B88256F8D6" box="[674,773,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C67446619DCF8B88256F8D6" box="[674,773,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661BCFF8D8805AF8F6" box="[177,265,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661BCFF8D8805AF8F6" box="[177,265,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661A3CF8DB80FBF8F6" box="[322,424,1874,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661A3CF8DB80FBF8F6" box="[322,424,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the vertical ramus is proportionally not as high since these taxa have a very robust and high horizontal ramus. The coronoid process is transversely thin, and the posterior margin of the process is roughly straight and vertical. The latter contrasts with other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661906F8588252F876" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[632,769,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, in which the coronoid process forms a ‘hook’, either thin, or thick. This condition varies among extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671905FC7D8256FB93" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[635,773,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, ranging from a concave ‘hook’ in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671A81FB9D8331FBB3" box="[511,610,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671A81FB9D8331FBB3" box="[511,610,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C664467190CFB9D83ACFBB3" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[626,767,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C664467190CFB9D83ACFBB3" box="[626,767,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671BC8FBBD8015FBD3" box="[182,326,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671BC8FBBD8015FBD3" box="[182,326,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Neomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; a straight posterior margin in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C66446719D9FBBD8253FBD3" box="[679,768,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C66446719D9FBBD8253FBD3" box="[679,768,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671BFAFBDC81B9FBF3" box="[132,234,1109,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671BFAFBDC81B9FBF3" box="[132,234,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671A5DFBDD80D8FBF3" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[291,395,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671A5DFBDD80D8FBF3" box="[291,395,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to an anterodorsal-posteroventrally inclined ridge in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671A46FBFD8083FB13" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[312,464,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671A46FBFD8083FB13" box="[312,464,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, the coronoid notch of the mandible of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671AF5FB1D8327FB33" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[395,628,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671AF5FB1D8327FB33" box="[395,628,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6644671905FB1D8254FB33" box="[635,775,1172,1198]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is not as strongly concave as it is in many other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671907FB3D8250FB53" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[633,771,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. The fossa for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671A6CFB5D8355FB73" box="[274,518,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">m. masseter superficialis</emphasis>
on the lateral surface of the mandible is weakly outlined. In contrast, on the medial surface, the subcircular fossa for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671AB1FA9D8305FAB0" box="[463,598,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">m. temporalis</emphasis>
is deep and well-outlined. Also, on the medial surface, the mandibular foramen is located slightly posteroventral to the level of the apex of the coronoid process. The condyloid process, or condyle, is lateroventrally tilted, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671A11FA1A80B6FA30" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[367,485,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671A11FA1A80B6FA30" box="[367,485,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It has a slender cylindrical shape and reaches slightly dorsal to the ventral extremity of the coronoid notch and reaches well above the horizontal level of the tooth row. The angular process is strongly reduced, forming a weakly-outlined rugosity and thickening which forms no notable protuberance that can be distinguished from the existing curvature of the posteroventral margin of the mandible in lateral view (char. 36[1]). There is no discernible angular process in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671B8EF91B8007F931" box="[240,340,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671B8EF91B8007F931" box="[240,340,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671A08F91B8351F931" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[374,514,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671A08F91B8351F931" box="[374,514,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The process is large and strongly protruding posteriorly in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671A81F93B8326F951" box="[511,629,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671A81F93B8326F951" box="[511,629,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The angular process is small in most other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671AB4F95B8307F971" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[458,596,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6444651BFAF822821EF874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671168" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671168/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" startId="21.[132,143,1963,1980]" targetBox="[133,1454,215,1878]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6444651BFAF822821EF874" blockId="21.[132,1457,1963,2025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6444651BFAF82281CEF826" baselines="1976,1976" box="[132,157,1963,1980]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 12. — Right mandible of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6444651A0AF822836BF821" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[372,568,1963,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6444651A0AF822836BF821" box="[372,568,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6444651943F82283FDF821" box="[573,686,1963,1980]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C64446518DCF82282FCF821" bold="true" box="[930,943,1963,1980]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">A</emphasis>
, mandible in lingual view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6444651FF6F82285C6F821" bold="true" box="[1160,1173,1963,1980]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">B</emphasis>
, the same mandible in labial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6444651BFAF84B81C1F84E" bold="true" box="[132,146,1986,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
, the same mandible in occlusal view,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6444651AAAF84B80A7F84E" bold="true" box="[468,500,1986,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">D -F</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray are abraded or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6744661BFAFCA6856AFCF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671172/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" startId="22.[132,143,815,832]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,772]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6744661BFAFCA6856AFCF3" blockId="22.[132,1456,815,878]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6744661BFAFCA681CEFCDD" baselines="828,829" box="[132,157,815,832]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 13. — Mandibles of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661A2EFCA68347FCDD" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[336,532,815,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661A2EFCA68347FCDD" box="[336,532,815,832]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6744661967FCA683DFFCDD" box="[537,652,815,832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C67446618FCFCA682DCFCDD" bold="true" box="[898,911,815,832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
, left horizontal ramus horizontal in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661E64FCA68474FCDD" bold="true" box="[1306,1319,815,832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
, the same mandible in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661A4EFCCF806DFCCA" bold="true" box="[304,318,838,855]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
, the same mandible in occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661908FCCF83D7FCCA" bold="true" box="[630,644,838,855]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
, right horizontal ramus horizontal in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661F69FCCF8570FCCA" bold="true" box="[1047,1059,838,855]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
, the same mandible in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661E30FCCF840AFCCA" bold="true" box="[1358,1369,838,855]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
, the same mandible in occlusal view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6744661853FC5185D7FB8B" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C6744661853FC5185D7FB8B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6744661853FC5185D7FB8B" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" startId="22.[813,824,984,1001]" targetBox="[814,1434,1105,2018]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="22" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6744661853FC5185D7FB8B" blockId="22.[813,1457,984,1046]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6744661853FC518209FC75" baselines="997,997" box="[813,858,984,1001]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
4. — Measurements (in mm) of the mandible of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6744661F95FC5184E3FC74" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1259,1456,984,1001]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661F95FC5184E3FC74" box="[1259,1456,984,1001]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6744661853FC6682CEFB9D" box="[813,925,1007,1024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661F65FC668575FB9D" bold="true" box="[1051,1062,1007,1024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661853FB8C821AFB8B" bold="true" box="[813,841,1029,1046]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6744661F04FBD884DDF87F" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<table id="F90A80E44C67BB8F1850FBD884C9F87F" box="[814,1434,1105,2018]" gridcols="4" gridrows="37" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FBD884C9FBF8" box="[814,1434,1105,1125]" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FBD88586FBF8" box="[1146,1237,1105,1125]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661F04FBD88586FBF8" bold="true" box="[1146,1237,1105,1125]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">MNHN.F.</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FBD884C9FBF8" box="[1263,1434,1105,1125]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661F8CFBD884C9FBF8" bold="true" box="[1266,1434,1105,1125]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">MNHN.F.PPI.269</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FBE384C9FBE3" box="[814,1434,1130,1150]" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FBE38586FBE3" box="[1146,1237,1130,1150]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661FFFFBE3859DFBE3" bold="true" box="[1153,1230,1130,1150]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">PPI.276</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FBE384C9FBE3" box="[1263,1434,1130,1150]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661E6DFBE3842AFBE3" bold="true" box="[1299,1401,1130,1150]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">(paratype)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FB0D84C9FB05" box="[814,1434,1156,1176]" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FB0D84C9FB05" box="[814,1434,1156,1176]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661F0BFB0D8589FB05" bold="true" box="[1141,1242,1156,1176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">(holotype)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FB1784C9FB2F" box="[814,1434,1182,1202]" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FB178532FB2F" box="[814,1121,1182,1202]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661850FB1782C7FB2F" bold="true" box="[814,916,1182,1202]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FB178586FB2F" box="[1146,1237,1182,1202]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661FE9FB1785E4FB2F" bold="true" box="[1175,1207,1182,1202]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FB178476FB2F" box="[1263,1317,1182,1202]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661E7FFB178472FB2F" bold="true" box="[1281,1313,1182,1202]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FB1784C9FB2F" box="[1369,1434,1182,1202]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6744661E1DFB1784C1FB2F" bold="true" box="[1379,1426,1182,1202]" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FB4884C9FB48" box="[814,1434,1217,1237]" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FB488532FB48" box="[814,1121,1217,1237]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Overall, total length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FB488586FB48" box="[1146,1237,1217,1237]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FB488476FB48" box="[1263,1317,1217,1237]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">168.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FB4884C9FB48" box="[1369,1434,1217,1237]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">168.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FB5084C9FB70" box="[814,1434,1241,1261]" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FB508532FB70" box="[814,1121,1241,1261]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Overall, length from anterior tip</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FB508586FB70" box="[1146,1237,1241,1261]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FB508476FB70" box="[1263,1317,1241,1261]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">162.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FB5084C9FB70" box="[1369,1434,1241,1261]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">161.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FB7A84C9FA9A" box="[814,1434,1267,1287]" gridrow="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FB7A8532FA9A" box="[814,1121,1267,1287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">to angular process</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FA8284C9FA82" box="[814,1434,1291,1311]" gridrow="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FA828532FA82" box="[814,1121,1291,1311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Overall, total height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FA828586FA82" box="[1146,1237,1291,1311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FA828476FA82" box="[1263,1317,1291,1311]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">65.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FA8284C9FA82" box="[1369,1434,1291,1311]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">65.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FAAA84C9FAAA" box="[814,1434,1315,1335]" gridrow="8" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FAAA8532FAAA" box="[814,1121,1315,1335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Symphysis, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FAAA8586FAAA" box="[1146,1237,1315,1335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FAAA8476FAAA" box="[1263,1317,1315,1335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">27.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FAAA84C9FAAA" box="[1369,1434,1315,1335]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">27.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FAB284C9FAD2" box="[814,1434,1339,1359]" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FAB28532FAD2" box="[814,1121,1339,1359]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Symphysis, height mandible at</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FAB28586FAD2" box="[1146,1237,1339,1359]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">22.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FAB28476FAD2" box="[1263,1317,1339,1359]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">25.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FAB284C9FAD2" box="[1369,1434,1339,1359]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">24.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FADC84C9FAF4" box="[814,1434,1365,1385]" gridrow="10" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FADC8532FAF4" box="[814,1121,1365,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">the distal tip of the symphysis</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FAE484C9FA1C" box="[814,1434,1389,1409]" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FAE48532FA1C" box="[814,1121,1389,1409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">i1, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FAE48586FA1C" box="[1146,1237,1389,1409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FAE48476FA1C" box="[1263,1317,1389,1409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FAE484C9FA1C" box="[1369,1434,1389,1409]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FA0C84C9FA04" box="[814,1434,1413,1433]" gridrow="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FA0C8532FA04" box="[814,1121,1413,1433]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">i1, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FA0C8586FA04" box="[1146,1237,1413,1433]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FA0C8476FA04" box="[1263,1317,1413,1433]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FA0C84C9FA04" box="[1369,1434,1413,1433]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FA1484C9FA2C" box="[814,1434,1437,1457]" gridrow="13" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FA148532FA2C" box="[814,1121,1437,1457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">i2, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FA148586FA2C" box="[1146,1237,1437,1457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FA148476FA2C" box="[1263,1317,1437,1457]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FA1484C9FA2C" box="[1369,1434,1437,1457]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FA3C84C9FA54" box="[814,1434,1461,1481]" gridrow="14" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FA3C8532FA54" box="[814,1121,1461,1481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">i2, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FA3C8586FA54" box="[1146,1237,1461,1481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FA3C8476FA54" box="[1263,1317,1461,1481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FA3C84C9FA54" box="[1369,1434,1461,1481]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FA4484C9FA7C" box="[814,1434,1485,1505]" gridrow="15" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FA448532FA7C" box="[814,1121,1485,1505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">c, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FA448586FA7C" box="[1146,1237,1485,1505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FA448476FA7C" box="[1263,1317,1485,1505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">11.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FA4484C9FA7C" box="[1369,1434,1485,1505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">11.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FA6C84C9FA64" box="[814,1434,1509,1529]" gridrow="16" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FA6C8532FA64" box="[814,1121,1509,1529]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">c, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FA6C8586FA64" box="[1146,1237,1509,1529]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FA6C8476FA64" box="[1263,1317,1509,1529]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">7.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FA6C84C9FA64" box="[1369,1434,1509,1529]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">8.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850FA7484C9F98C" box="[814,1434,1533,1553]" gridrow="17" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850FA748532F98C" box="[814,1121,1533,1553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">p1, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04FA748586F98C" box="[1146,1237,1533,1553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91FA748476F98C" box="[1263,1317,1533,1553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">6.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27FA7484C9F98C" box="[1369,1434,1533,1553]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">6.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F99C84C9F9B4" box="[814,1434,1557,1577]" gridrow="18" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F99C8532F9B4" box="[814,1121,1557,1577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">p1, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F99C8586F9B4" box="[1146,1237,1557,1577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F99C8476F9B4" box="[1263,1317,1557,1577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">4.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F99C84C9F9B4" box="[1369,1434,1557,1577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">4.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F9A484C9F9DC" box="[814,1434,1581,1601]" gridrow="19" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F9A48532F9DC" box="[814,1121,1581,1601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">p2, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F9A48586F9DC" box="[1146,1237,1581,1601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">10.5e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F9A48476F9DC" box="[1263,1317,1581,1601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">10.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F9A484C9F9DC" box="[1369,1434,1581,1601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">10.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F9CC84C9F9C4" box="[814,1434,1605,1625]" gridrow="20" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F9CC8532F9C4" box="[814,1121,1605,1625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">p2, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F9CC8586F9C4" box="[1146,1237,1605,1625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">5.4e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F9CC8476F9C4" box="[1263,1317,1605,1625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">4.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F9CC84C9F9C4" box="[1369,1434,1605,1625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">4.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F9D784C9F9EF" box="[814,1434,1630,1650]" gridrow="21" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F9D78532F9EF" box="[814,1121,1630,1650]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">p3, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F9D78586F9EF" box="[1146,1237,1630,1650]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">11.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F9D78476F9EF" box="[1263,1317,1630,1650]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">10.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F9D784C9F9EF" box="[1369,1434,1630,1650]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">10.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F9FF84C9F917" box="[814,1434,1654,1674]" gridrow="22" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F9FF8532F917" box="[814,1121,1654,1674]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">p3, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F9FF8586F917" box="[1146,1237,1654,1674]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">5.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F9FF8476F917" box="[1263,1317,1654,1674]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">4.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F9FF84C9F917" box="[1369,1434,1654,1674]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">4.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F90784C9F93F" box="[814,1434,1678,1698]" gridrow="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F9078532F93F" box="[814,1121,1678,1698]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">p4, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F9078586F93F" box="[1146,1237,1678,1698]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">12.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F9078476F93F" box="[1263,1317,1678,1698]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">11.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F90784C9F93F" box="[1369,1434,1678,1698]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">11.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F92F84C9F927" box="[814,1434,1702,1722]" gridrow="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F92F8532F927" box="[814,1121,1702,1722]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">p4, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F92F8586F927" box="[1146,1237,1702,1722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">5.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F92F8476F927" box="[1263,1317,1702,1722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">4.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F92F84C9F927" box="[1369,1434,1702,1722]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">4.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F93784C9F94F" box="[814,1434,1726,1746]" gridrow="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F9378532F94F" box="[814,1121,1726,1746]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">m1, alveolus length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F9378586F94F" box="[1146,1237,1726,1746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">12.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F9378476F94F" box="[1263,1317,1726,1746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">11.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F93784C9F94F" box="[1369,1434,1726,1746]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">11.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F95F84C9F977" box="[814,1434,1750,1770]" gridrow="26" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F95F8532F977" box="[814,1121,1750,1770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">m1, alveolus width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F95F8586F977" box="[1146,1237,1750,1770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">6.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F95F8476F977" box="[1263,1317,1750,1770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">4.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F95F84C9F977" box="[1369,1434,1750,1770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F96784C9F89F" box="[814,1434,1774,1794]" gridrow="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F9678532F89F" box="[814,1121,1774,1794]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Horizontal ramus, height at level</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F9678586F89F" box="[1146,1237,1774,1794]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F9678476F89F" box="[1263,1317,1774,1794]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">22.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F96784C9F89F" box="[1369,1434,1774,1794]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">22.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F88184C9F881" box="[814,1434,1800,1820]" gridrow="28" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F8818532F881" box="[814,1121,1800,1820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">just posterior to m1</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F8A984C9F8A9" box="[814,1434,1824,1844]" gridrow="29" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F8A98532F8A9" box="[814,1121,1824,1844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Horizontal ramus, width at level</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F8A98586F8A9" box="[1146,1237,1824,1844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F8A98476F8A9" box="[1263,1317,1824,1844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">7.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F8A984C9F8A9" box="[1369,1434,1824,1844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">7.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F8B084C9F8D0" box="[814,1434,1849,1869]" gridrow="30" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F8B08532F8D0" box="[814,1121,1849,1869]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">just posterior to m1</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F8D884C9F8F8" box="[814,1434,1873,1893]" gridrow="31" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F8D88532F8F8" box="[814,1121,1873,1893]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Postcanine toothrow, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F8D88586F8F8" box="[1146,1237,1873,1893]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F8D88476F8F8" box="[1263,1317,1873,1893]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">56.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F8D884C9F8F8" box="[1369,1434,1873,1893]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">55.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F8E384C9F8E3" box="[814,1434,1898,1918]" gridrow="32" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F8E38532F8E3" box="[814,1121,1898,1918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Coronoid, vertical height from</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F8E38586F8E3" box="[1146,1237,1898,1918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F8E38476F8E3" box="[1263,1317,1898,1918]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">24.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F8E384C9F8E3" box="[1369,1434,1898,1918]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">24.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F80A84C9F80A" box="[814,1434,1923,1943]" gridrow="33" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F80A8532F80A" box="[814,1121,1923,1943]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">the lowest point of the</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F81484C9F82C" box="[814,1434,1949,1969]" gridrow="34" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F8148532F82C" box="[814,1121,1949,1969]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">coronoid notch to the apex</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F83F84C9F857" box="[814,1434,1974,1994]" gridrow="35" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F83F8532F857" box="[814,1121,1974,1994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">of the coronoid process</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C67BB8F1850F84784C9F87F" box="[814,1434,1998,2018]" gridrow="36" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1850F8478532F87F" box="[814,1121,1998,2018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Condylar process, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F04F8478586F87F" box="[1146,1237,1998,2018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1F91F8478476F87F" box="[1263,1317,1998,2018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">26.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C67BB8F1E27F84784C9F87F" box="[1369,1434,1998,2018]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="22" pageNumber="51">27.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6644671BFAFF5280F3FE87" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C6644671BFAFF5280F3FE87" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6644671BFAFF5280F3FE87" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" startId="23.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,696,340,907]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="23" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6644671BFAFF5280F3FE87" blockId="23.[132,775,219,282]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6644671BFAFF5281E1FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
5. — Measurements (in mm) of the upper dentition of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C66446719DDFF5281B2FE9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C66446719DDFF5281B2FE9E" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6644671B96FF7B8032FE9E" box="[232,353,242,259]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
paratype (MNHN.F.PPI269). “n/a” signifies that a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6644671853FF5285B8FE9E" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C6644671853FF5285B8FE9E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6644671853FF5285B8FE9E" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" startId="23.[813,824,219,236]" targetBox="[814,1408,317,469]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="23" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6644671853FF5285B8FE9E" blockId="23.[813,1455,219,259]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6644671853FF528209FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[813,858,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
6. — Measurements (in mm) of the isolated (upper) tooth of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671E30FF5282DAFE9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671E30FF5282DAFE9E" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C66446718F3FF7B8552FE9E" box="[909,1025,242,259]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6644671850FEB48457FE48" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<table id="F90A80E44C66BB8F1850FEB484D3FE48" box="[814,1408,317,469]" gridcols="2" gridrows="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1850FEB484D3FECC" box="[814,1408,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1850FEB482FDFECC" box="[814,942,317,337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671850FEB482C7FECC" bold="true" box="[814,916,317,337]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1F0AFEB484D3FECC" box="[1140,1408,317,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671F0AFEB484D3FECC" bold="true" box="[1140,1408,317,337]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">MNHN.F.PPI276 (holotype)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1850FEE884D3FEE8" box="[814,1408,353,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1850FEE882FDFEE8" box="[814,942,353,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Crown height</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1F0AFEE884D3FEE8" box="[1140,1408,353,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">7.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1850FEF084D3FE10" box="[814,1408,377,397]" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1850FEF082FDFE10" box="[814,942,377,397]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Crown length</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1F0AFEF084D3FE10" box="[1140,1408,377,397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">14.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1850FE1884D3FE38" box="[814,1408,401,421]" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1850FE1882FDFE38" box="[814,942,401,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Crown width</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1F0AFE1884D3FE38" box="[1140,1408,401,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">6.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1850FE2084D3FE20" box="[814,1408,425,445]" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1850FE2082FDFE20" box="[814,942,425,445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Root height</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1F0AFE2084D3FE20" box="[1140,1408,425,445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">10.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1850FE4884D3FE48" box="[814,1408,449,469]" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1850FE4882FDFE48" box="[814,942,449,469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Root length</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1F0AFE4884D3FE48" box="[1140,1408,449,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">11.9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6644671BF8FEDD83FFFC16" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<table id="F90A80E44C66BB8F1BF8FEDD83EBFC16" box="[134,696,340,907]" gridcols="3" gridrows="23" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FEDD83EBFEF5" box="[134,696,340,360]" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FEDD807FFEF5" box="[134,300,340,360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671BF8FEDD81BFFEF5" bold="true" box="[134,236,340,360]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FEDD83EBFEF5" box="[426,696,340,360]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671AD4FEDD83EBFEF5" bold="true" box="[426,696,340,360]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">MNHN.F.PPI269 (paratype)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FEFB83EBFE1B" box="[134,696,370,390]" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FEFB8086FE1B" box="[426,469,370,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671ACBFEFB8086FE1B" bold="true" box="[437,469,370,390]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFEFB83EBFE1B" box="[642,696,370,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C66446719FBFEFB83E7FE1B" bold="true" box="[645,692,370,390]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FE1C83EBFE34" box="[134,696,405,425]" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FE1C807FFE34" box="[134,300,405,425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">I2, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FE1C8086FE34" box="[426,469,405,425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">3.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFE1C83EBFE34" box="[642,696,405,425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FE2783EBFE5F" box="[134,696,430,450]" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FE27807FFE5F" box="[134,300,430,450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">I2, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FE278086FE5F" box="[426,469,430,450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">3.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFE2783EBFE5F" box="[642,696,430,450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FE4F83EBFE47" box="[134,696,454,474]" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FE4F807FFE47" box="[134,300,454,474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">I2, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FE4F8086FE47" box="[426,469,454,474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">3.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFE4F83EBFE47" box="[642,696,454,474]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FE5783EBFE6F" box="[134,696,478,498]" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FE57807FFE6F" box="[134,300,478,498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">C, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FE578086FE6F" box="[426,469,478,498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFE5783EBFE6F" box="[642,696,478,498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">13.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FE7F83EBFD97" box="[134,696,502,522]" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FE7F807FFD97" box="[134,300,502,522]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">C, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FE7F8086FD97" box="[426,469,502,522]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFE7F83EBFD97" box="[642,696,502,522]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">9.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FD8783EBFDBF" box="[134,696,526,546]" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FD87807FFDBF" box="[134,300,526,546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">C, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FD878086FDBF" box="[426,469,526,546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFD8783EBFDBF" box="[642,696,526,546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">6.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FDAF83EBFDA7" box="[134,696,550,570]" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FDAF807FFDA7" box="[134,300,550,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P1, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FDAF8086FDA7" box="[426,469,550,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFDAF83EBFDA7" box="[642,696,550,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">4.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FDB783EBFDCF" box="[134,696,574,594]" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FDB7807FFDCF" box="[134,300,574,594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P1, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FDB78086FDCF" box="[426,469,574,594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFDB783EBFDCF" box="[642,696,574,594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">8.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FDDF83EBFDF7" box="[134,696,598,618]" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FDDF807FFDF7" box="[134,300,598,618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P1, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FDDF8086FDF7" box="[426,469,598,618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFDDF83EBFDF7" box="[642,696,598,618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">5.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FDE783EBFD1F" box="[134,696,622,642]" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FDE7807FFD1F" box="[134,300,622,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P2, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FDE78086FD1F" box="[426,469,622,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFDE783EBFD1F" box="[642,696,622,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">5.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FD0F83EBFD07" box="[134,696,646,666]" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FD0F807FFD07" box="[134,300,646,666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P2, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FD0F8086FD07" box="[426,469,646,666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFD0F83EBFD07" box="[642,696,646,666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">11.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FD1783EBFD2F" box="[134,696,670,690]" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FD17807FFD2F" box="[134,300,670,690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P2, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FD178086FD2F" box="[426,469,670,690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFD1783EBFD2F" box="[642,696,670,690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">6.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FD3E83EBFD56" box="[134,696,695,715]" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FD3E807FFD56" box="[134,300,695,715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P3, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FD3E8086FD56" box="[426,469,695,715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">6.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFD3E83EBFD56" box="[642,696,695,715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">6.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FD4683EBFD7E" box="[134,696,719,739]" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FD46807FFD7E" box="[134,300,719,739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P3, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FD468086FD7E" box="[426,469,719,739]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">12.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFD4683EBFD7E" box="[642,696,719,739]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">12.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FD6E83EBFD66" box="[134,696,743,763]" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FD6E807FFD66" box="[134,300,743,763]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P3, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FD6E8086FD66" box="[426,469,743,763]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">6.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFD6E83EBFD66" box="[642,696,743,763]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">7.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FD7683EBFC8E" box="[134,696,767,787]" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FD76807FFC8E" box="[134,300,767,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P4, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FD768086FC8E" box="[426,469,767,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFD7683EBFC8E" box="[642,696,767,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">6.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FC9E83EBFCB6" box="[134,696,791,811]" gridrow="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FC9E807FFCB6" box="[134,300,791,811]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P4, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FC9E8086FCB6" box="[426,469,791,811]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFC9E83EBFCB6" box="[642,696,791,811]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">12.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FCA683EBFCDE" box="[134,696,815,835]" gridrow="19" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FCA6807FFCDE" box="[134,300,815,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">P4, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FCA68086FCDE" box="[426,469,815,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFCA683EBFCDE" box="[642,696,815,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">6.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FCCE83EBFCC6" box="[134,696,839,859]" gridrow="20" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FCCE807FFCC6" box="[134,300,839,859]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">M1, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FCCE8086FCC6" box="[426,469,839,859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">5.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFCCE83EBFCC6" box="[642,696,839,859]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FCD683EBFCEE" box="[134,696,863,883]" gridrow="21" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FCD6807FFCEE" box="[134,300,863,883]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">M1, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FCD68086FCEE" box="[426,469,863,883]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">11.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFCD683EBFCEE" box="[642,696,863,883]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C66BB8F1BF8FCFE83EBFC16" box="[134,696,887,907]" gridrow="22" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<th id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1BF8FCFE807FFC16" box="[134,300,887,907]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">M1, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F1AD4FCFE8086FC16" box="[426,469,887,907]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">6.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C66BB8F19FCFCFE83EBFC16" box="[642,696,887,907]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">n/a</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6644671BFAF89B8051F8B7" blockId="23.[131,776,1810,2028]" box="[132,258,1810,1836]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6644671BFAF89B8051F8B7" baselines="1829,1829" box="[132,258,1810,1836]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Dentition" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">DENTITION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6644671BFAF8BB83FFF8D1" blockId="23.[131,776,1810,2028]" box="[132,684,1841,1868]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671BFAF8BB83FFF8D1" box="[132,684,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
Upper teeth and alveoli (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C6644671AFAF8BB808AF8D1" box="[388,473,1842,1868]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="13.[132,143,1329,1346]" captionStartId-1="14.[132,143,1335,1352]" captionStartId-2="16.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionStartId-3="17.[132,143,1811,1828]" captionStartId-4="18.[132,143,861,878]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1456,197,1298]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,868,215,1293]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1456,205,1893]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1455,215,1778]" captionTargetBox-4="[131,1457,213,820]" captionTargetId-0="figure-375@13.[698,983,482,1288]" captionTargetId-1="figure-324@14.[131,700,753,1295]" captionTargetId-2="figure-26@16.[604,889,675,1508]" captionTargetId-3="figure-78@17.[698,794,765,1779]" captionTargetId-4="figure-633@18.[792,1456,213,733]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-3="17" captionTargetPageId-4="18" captionText-0="FIG. 5. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in ventral view;B, corresponding labelled line drawing.Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow,jugals in blue, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 6. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in ventral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxillae in yellow, presphenoid in milky green, basisphenoid in teal, tympanic bullae in red, basioccipital in brown. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 7. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):A, cranium in left lateral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing; C, same cranium in right lateral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Premaxillae in green, maxillae in yellow, jugal in blue, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 8. — Cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, cranium in left lateral view; B, corresponding labelled line drawing; C, same cranium in right lateral view; D, corresponding labelled line drawing. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Maxilla in yellow, nasals in purple, tympanic bullae in red. Other bones not colored due to the fusion or incomplete preservation of the sutures; but the glenoid area and mastoid, together with the tympanic bulla, comprises the temporal. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-4="FIG. 9. — Rostrum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI278): A, rostrum in dorsal view; B, same rostrum in ventral view; C, same rostrum in left lateral view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671152" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671156" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671158" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671160" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671162" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10671152/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10671156/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10671158/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10671160/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10671162/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Figs 5-9</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C6644671A99F8BB8350F8D1" box="[487,515,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1181,1198]" captionTargetId="figure-475@24.[698,1267,213,769]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 14. — Isolated postcanine tooth of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, postcanine tooth in lingual view; B, same tooth in labial view; C, same tooth in occlusal view;D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings.Areas in light gray in the line drawings are fractured; areas in dark gray are obscured from view by sediment matrix; and dashed areas are abraded or worn. Abbreviations: ant., anterior; acc., accessory;post., posterior. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671174/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">14</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C6644671971F8B88337F8D1" box="[527,612,1841,1868]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="11.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of the cranium of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations; e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C7A447B1BFAFF5584C2FE9E">Tables 3</tableCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C664467190CF8BB83D3F8D1" box="[626,640,1842,1868]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="23.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 5. — Measurements (in mm) of the upper dentition of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. paratype (MNHN.F.PPI269). “n/a” signifies that a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6644671BFAFF5280F3FE87" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6644671BFAFF5280F3FE87">5</tableCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C66446719F0F8B883CFF8D6" box="[654,668,1841,1867]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="23.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 6. — Measurements (in mm) of the isolated (upper) tooth of theMagophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6644671853FF5285B8FE9E" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6644671853FF5285B8FE9E">6</tableCitation>
).
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6644671BFAF8D885B5FAF0" blockId="23.[131,776,1810,2028]" lastBlockId="23.[810,1458,534,2028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
The shapes of the alveoli of the three upper incisors suggest a gradual increase in size from I1 to I
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C6644671A8EF8F8834AF816" box="[496,537,1905,1931]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671962F8F88256F816" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[540,773,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671962F8F88256F816" box="[540,773,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6644671BFAF81B8048F831" box="[132,283,1938,1964]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Yet, I3 is still incisiform and not caniniform (char. 40[0]). In addition, whereas the shape of the alveolus of I1 and I2 indicates a transversely flattened root, the shape of the alveolus of I3 suggests an oval to circular root in cross-section (char. 41[1]). This agrees with other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671E7BFDBF84DDFDCD" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1285,1422,566,592]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, in which the roots of the upper incisors are moderately compressed transversely as compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671FD9FDFF845EFD0D" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1191,1293,630,656]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, in which these roots are strongly compressed. On
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6644671FE9FD1F85A1FD2D" box="[1175,1266,662,688]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI278, I3 and I1 are preserved. I1 is peg-like (maximum width
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; maximum high, as preserved,
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C6644671F15FD5C8593FD6D" box="[1131,1216,725,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
) and bears a large wear facet posteroventrally oriented and, which almost reaches the base of the crown distolingually. On the mesiolingual base of the crown part of a lingual cingulum is preserved. In labial view, the distal side of the crown, present a small vertical depression, which reveals that a hint of a distal cuspule was probably present. The I3 has a circular root. The crown has a triangular asymmetrical shape, its mesial edge being more ventral than the distal edge. The lingual side of the tooth bears a pronounced cingulum, with a small median cuspule. Both mesial and distal edges of the crown form a relatively sharp crest and the distal crest is slightly cuspate at its base. The I3 is
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C664467183AFBDD82C8FBF2" box="[836,923,1108,1135]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
high and its maximum width is
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C6644671E7FFBDD840FFBF2" box="[1281,1372,1108,1135]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
. The I2 is preserved on
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C66446718AFFBFD857EFB13" box="[977,1069,1140,1166]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269. It has a transversely compressed root. Its crown is more peg-like and less asymmetrical than that of I3. Except for a small facet at apex, it is unworn. Consequently, a distinct cingulum can be observed on its lingual side, with a median cuspule. The cingulum extends on the mesiolabial and distolabial angles of the crown but does not run along all the labial side of the tooth. Its crown is
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C6644671EF2FABA820BFAF3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
high and
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C66446718B8FADA854FFAF3" box="[966,1052,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
wide as preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C664467183DFAFD84FCFA70" blockId="23.[810,1458,534,2028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
It is noteworthy that the fact that the I1 of
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6644671F91FAFA8414FA10" box="[1263,1351,1395,1421]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI278 is approximately of the same size as the I2 of
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6644671F92FA1A8417FA30" box="[1260,1348,1427,1453]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 and is likely related to sexual dimorphism, the former being a probable male and the latter a probable female (see,
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C6644671E31FA5A84CDFA70" box="[1359,1438,1491,1517]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="9.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 1. — Comparative measurement (in mm) in the four specimens of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. including cranial remains. Abbreviations: LLTR, length of the lower cheek tooth row; LP1-3, length of upper P1-3 tooth row; LUTR, length of upper cheek tooth row; WAC, maximum width of the alveolus of upper canine; WRC, maximum width of rostrum at the level of the canines; WUC, width of upper canine." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C7844791BFAFF5582B8FE87">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C664467183DFA7A82B2F930" blockId="23.[810,1458,534,2028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
Two upper canines are known in situ, the right one in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6644671851F99B82D8F9B1" box="[815,907,1554,1580]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 and the left one in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6644671FA1F99A846EF9B0" box="[1247,1341,1555,1581]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI278. Both upper canines are slightly compressed transversely and posteriorly recurved. They bear weak, yet noticeably lingual and distal carinae. Both canines have a small horizontal wear facet at the apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C664467183DF93B84FEF811" blockId="23.[810,1458,534,2028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
The upper postcanine teeth are little adapted to specialized aquatic feeding techniques (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6644671FB8F95B84F4F971" author="HOCKING D. P. &amp; MARX F. G. &amp; PARK T. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G. &amp; EVANS A. R." box="[1222,1447,1746,1772]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" pagination="20162750" refId="ref47813" refString="HOCKING D. P., MARX F. G., PARK T., FITZGERALD E. M. G. &amp; EVANS A. R. 2017. - A behavioural framework for the evolution of feeding in predatory aquatic mammals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 284: 20162750. https: // doi. org / 10.1098. rspb. 2016.2750" type="journal article" year="2017">
Hocking
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671E50F95A8437F971" box="[1326,1380,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
) and not fully homodont. This contrast with most extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671851F89B82EBF8B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[815,952,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671FE4F89B8446F8B1" box="[1178,1301,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
. Among other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671802F8B88556F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[892,1029,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the postcanine teeth are homodont and specialized in some taxa, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671F1FF8D88598F8F6" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1121,1227,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671F1FF8D88598F8F6" box="[1121,1227,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671E78F8D8842FF8F6" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[1286,1404,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671E78F8D8842FF8F6" box="[1286,1404,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but less so in others, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671F6FF8F885DBF816" box="[1041,1160,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671F6FF8F885DBF816" box="[1041,1160,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671FE8F8F88457F816" box="[1174,1284,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671FE8F8F88457F816" box="[1174,1284,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671E3CF8F884F5F816" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[1346,1446,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671E3CF8F884F5F816" box="[1346,1446,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C664468183DF81B834CFA50" blockId="23.[810,1458,534,2028]" lastBlockId="24.[130,776,1299,2028]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644671821F8188281F836" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[863,978,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6644671821F8188281F836" box="[863,978,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="52">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C66446718A9F81B8573F831" box="[983,1056,1938,1964]" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the first premolar, P1, is single-rooted, and all other postcanine teeth are double-rooted (char. 47[1], 50[0]). A single-rooted P1 is common among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6644681E19F85881FFFAB0" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="53" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, maybe apart from the extant monachines
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C694468190DFA9A8384FAB0" box="[627,727,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C694468190DFA9A8384FAB0" box="[627,727,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681BFAFABA818DFAD0" box="[132,222,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681BFAFABA818DFAD0" box="[132,222,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which, although they do not have a double-rooted P1, feature a bilobed single root for P1. With the exception of the extant monachine genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681A92FAFD8307FA10" box="[492,596,1396,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681A92FAFD8307FA10" box="[492,596,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the extant phocine species
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681A53FA1A80CDFA30" baseAuthorityName="Nilsson" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[301,414,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Cystophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681A53FA1A80CDFA30" box="[301,414,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Cystophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681AA6FA1A8300FA30" baseAuthorityName="Nilsson" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[472,595,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Halichoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681AA6FA1A8300FA30" box="[472,595,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Halichoerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, P2, P3, P4, and M1 are double-rooted in all
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681ACBFA3A8348FA50" box="[437,539,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6944681BBEFD488018FBF4" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
<table id="F90A80E44C69BB8F1BE7FD48832AFBF4" box="[153,633,705,1129]" gridcols="2" gridrows="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
<tr id="353A70064C69BB8F1BE7FD48832AFCBF" box="[153,633,705,802]" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
<th id="76EB197A4C69BB8F1BE7FD488018FCBF" box="[153,331,705,802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">D lingual cingulum</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C69BB8F1AB0FD48832AFCBF" box="[462,633,705,802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">labial cingulum</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C69BB8F1BE7FCF3832AFC35" box="[153,633,890,936]" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
<td id="76EB197A4C69BB8F1BE7FCF38018FC35" box="[153,331,890,936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
re L
<td id="76EB197A4C69BB8F1AB0FCF3832AFC35" box="[462,633,890,936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">ovestigeal cusp</td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C69BB8F1BE7FBDC832AFBF4" box="[153,633,1109,1129]" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C69BB8F1BE7FBDC8018FBF4" box="[153,331,1109,1129]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">ant. acc. cusp</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6944681BFAFB1484E2FB46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671174/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" startId="24.[132,143,1181,1198]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1137]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6944681BFAFB1484E2FB46" blockId="24.[132,1457,1181,1243]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6944681BFAFB1481CEFB30" baselines="1194,1194" box="[132,157,1181,1198]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 14. — Isolated postcanine tooth of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681AB3FB1483C1FB33" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[461,658,1181,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681AB3FB1483C1FB33" box="[461,658,1181,1198]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C69446819E8FB148259FB33" box="[662,778,1181,1198]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681880FB148558FB33" bold="true" box="[1022,1035,1181,1198]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
, postcanine tooth in lingual view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681E58FB148460FB33" bold="true" box="[1318,1331,1181,1198]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
, same tooth in labial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681B9AFB3D81A1FB58" bold="true" box="[228,242,1204,1221]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
, same tooth in occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681A97FB3D835AFB58" bold="true" box="[489,521,1204,1221]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">D -F</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawings.Areas in light gray in the line drawings are fractured; areas in dark gray are obscured from view by sediment matrix; and dashed areas are abraded or worn. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C69446818E2FB4382EDFB46" bold="true" box="[924,958,1226,1243]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">ant.</emphasis>
, anterior;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681F6FFB438564FB46" bold="true" box="[1041,1079,1226,1243]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">acc.</emphasis>
, accessory;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681FE0FB43859FFB46" bold="true" box="[1182,1228,1226,1243]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">post.</emphasis>
, posterior. Scale bar: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6944681BE5FA5A83DBF8F6" blockId="24.[130,776,1299,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
The crowns of the postcanine teeth in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C694468195FFA5A83C6FA70" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[545,661,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C694468195FFA5A83C6FA70" box="[545,661,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C69446819E2FA5A83B7FA70" box="[668,740,1491,1517]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are relatively low. With the exception of the comparatively short P1, the crown is twice as long as it is high in the postcanine teeth. This corresponds with the general condition observed in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681BA1F9DB8036F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[223,357,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
with little specialized postcanine teeth. M1 is comparable in size to the preceding premolars. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681BBBF91B8003F931" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[197,336,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, M1 is always smaller than P4, but the degree of the size discrepancy varies: for example, M1 is only marginally smaller in the extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681956F95B83DEF971" box="[552,653,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681956F95B83DEF971" box="[552,653,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in the extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681BABF97B806CF891" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[213,319,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681BABF97B806CF891" box="[213,319,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681A30F97B8097F891" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[334,452,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681A30F97B8097F891" box="[334,452,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C694468197DF97B8329F891" box="[515,634,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C694468197DF97B8329F891" box="[515,634,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it is considerably smaller in the extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681ACDF89B836CF8B1" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[435,575,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681ACDF89B836CF8B1" box="[435,575,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in the extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681BFBF8B881A0F8D6" box="[133,243,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681BFBF8B881A0F8D6" box="[133,243,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All postcanine teeth of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C694468197BF8B88328F8D6" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[517,635,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C694468197BF8B88328F8D6" box="[517,635,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C69446819FCF8BB839DF8D1" box="[642,718,1842,1868]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
have slightly wrinkled enamel with apicobasal ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6944681BE5F8FB841BFA50" blockId="24.[130,776,1299,2028]" lastBlockId="24.[811,1457,1299,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
Except for the posterior portion of P1 that is slightly anterolabial to the anterior portion of P2, the postcanine toothrow is straight and the teeth are parallel to the toothrow, with no imbrication or crowding (char. 46[0]), as in most
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681902F8588251F876" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[636,770,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C69446818EAFA9A8554FAB0" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[916,1031,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C69446818EAFA9A8554FAB0" box="[916,1031,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681F6AFA9A8529FAB0" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1044,1146,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681F6AFA9A8529FAB0" box="[1044,1146,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681FFBFA9A845CFAB0" box="[1157,1295,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681FFBFA9A845CFAB0" box="[1157,1295,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Neomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6944681E3BFA9A84F5FAB0" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[1349,1446,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6944681E3BFA9A84F5FAB0" box="[1349,1446,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The single alveolus of P1 is larger than one of the two alveoli of the other postcanine teeth. P4 is separated from M1, by a small diastema,
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C69446818A9FAFA857DFA13" box="[983,1070,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 mm</quantity>
in length (char. 48[1]). In the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6944681E09FAFD820FFA33" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimens
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C69446818A2FA1A8564FA30" box="[988,1079,1427,1453]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 and
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6944681F9FFA1D846DFA33" box="[1249,1342,1428,1454]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI277, there is also a small diastema between P3, and P4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C694468183DFA5A8500F971" blockId="24.[811,1457,1299,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">In occlusal view, P1 appears as a semi-circle, with an almost straight labial margin and a semi-circular lingual margin. The lingual margin of P1 is marked by a narrow yet prominent cingulum. The cingulum continues on the labial side, where it forms a narrow labial cingulum. An anteroposteriorly elongate central cusp, appears semi-circular in outline in lateral view. It is flanked posteriorly by an accessory cusp and anteriorly by another tiny anterior accessory cusp (char. 44[1]). The latter is located on the cingulum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C694469183DF97B8011FA30" blockId="24.[811,1457,1299,2028]" lastBlockId="25.[130,777,1012,1453]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="24" pageNumber="53">The other upper premolars, P2, P3, and P4, are anteroposteriorly elongate and the crowns are approximately twice as long as they are high. P2, P3, and P4 bear a prominent lingual cingulum. This cingulum is widest posterolingually, creating a distinct shelf-like platform (char. 45[1]). As in P1, the cingulum continues on the labial side, but the labial cingulum remains much smaller than the lingual cingulum. The main cusp is slightly elongated anteroposteriorly, bearing slightly angular crests on the anterior and posterior margin, and is flanked anteriorly and posteriorly by accessory cusps. M1, of the same size as the preceding double-rooted premolars (char. 49[0], 50[0]), is also anteroposteriorly elongate, with a well-developed lingual cingulum and a labial cingulum that is weakly-developed, as in the premolars. In contrast to the premolars, there is no posterolingual shelf-like projection of the lingual cingulum in M1. The main cusp and the flanking anterior and posterior accessory cusps are less raised than in P2-4. In particular, the prominence of the anterior accessory cusp is low, compared to the condition in P2-4. The main cusp is slanted posteriorly, resulting in a smoothly-sloping anterior margin and a strongly-sloping to almost vertical posterior margin.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6844691BFAFF52825AFEAD" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C6844691BFAFF52825AFEAD" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6844691BFAFF52825AFEAD" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" startId="25.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,705,362,924]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="25" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6844691BFAFF52825AFEAD" blockId="25.[132,777,219,304]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6844691BFAFF5281E1FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
7. — Measurements (in mm) of the lower dentition of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C68446919DDFF5281B3FE9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C68446919DDFF5281B3FE9E" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6844691B99FF7B8033FE9E" box="[231,352,242,259]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
paratype (MNHN.F.PPI269). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C68446919ABFF7B83B3FE9E" bold="true" box="[725,736,242,259]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">&gt;</emphasis>
, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6844691AC6FE968087FEAD" bold="true" box="[440,468,287,304]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6844691ACDFEE383FCFC01" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<table id="F90A80E44C68BB8F1BF8FEE38392FC01" box="[134,705,362,924]" gridcols="3" gridrows="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FEE38392FEE3" box="[134,705,362,382]" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FEE38392FEE3" box="[134,705,362,382]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6844691ACDFEE38392FEE3" bold="true" box="[435,705,362,382]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">MNHN.F.PPI269 (paratype)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FE008392FE00" box="[134,705,393,413]" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FE008078FE00" box="[134,299,393,413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6844691BF8FE0081BFFE00" bold="true" box="[134,236,393,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FE0080B1FE00" box="[426,482,393,413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6844691ABCFE0080B1FE00" bold="true" box="[450,482,393,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FE008392FE00" box="[632,705,393,413]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C68446919F7FE0083EBFE00" bold="true" box="[649,696,393,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FE2E8392FE26" box="[134,705,423,443]" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FE2E8078FE26" box="[134,299,423,443]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">i2, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FE2E80B1FE26" box="[426,482,423,443]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FE2E8392FE26" box="[632,705,423,443]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FE368392FE4E" box="[134,705,447,467]" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FE368078FE4E" box="[134,299,447,467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">i2, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FE3680B1FE4E" box="[426,482,447,467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FE368392FE4E" box="[632,705,447,467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FE5E8392FE76" box="[134,705,471,491]" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FE5E8078FE76" box="[134,299,471,491]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">i2, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FE5E80B1FE76" box="[426,482,471,491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FE5E8392FE76" box="[632,705,471,491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FE668392FD9E" box="[134,705,495,515]" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FE668078FD9E" box="[134,299,495,515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">c, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FE6680B1FD9E" box="[426,482,495,515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">&gt;10.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FE668392FD9E" box="[632,705,495,515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">&gt;10.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FD8E8392FD86" box="[134,705,519,539]" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FD8E8078FD86" box="[134,299,519,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">c, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FD8E80B1FD86" box="[426,482,519,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">8.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FD8E8392FD86" box="[632,705,519,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">8.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FD968392FDAE" box="[134,705,543,563]" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FD968078FDAE" box="[134,299,543,563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">c, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FD9680B1FDAE" box="[426,482,543,563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">5.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FD968392FDAE" box="[632,705,543,563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">6.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FDBE8392FDD6" box="[134,705,567,587]" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FDBE8078FDD6" box="[134,299,567,587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p1, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FDBE80B1FDD6" box="[426,482,567,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">4.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FDBE8392FDD6" box="[632,705,567,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">4.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FDC68392FDFE" box="[134,705,591,611]" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FDC68078FDFE" box="[134,299,591,611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p1, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FDC680B1FDFE" box="[426,482,591,611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">7.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FDC68392FDFE" box="[632,705,591,611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">7.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FDEE8392FDE6" box="[134,705,615,635]" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FDEE8078FDE6" box="[134,299,615,635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p1, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FDEE80B1FDE6" box="[426,482,615,635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">4.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FDEE8392FDE6" box="[632,705,615,635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FDF68392FD0E" box="[134,705,639,659]" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FDF68078FD0E" box="[134,299,639,659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p2, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FDF680B1FD0E" box="[426,482,639,659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FDF68392FD0E" box="[632,705,639,659]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">6.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FD1E8392FD36" box="[134,705,663,683]" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FD1E8078FD36" box="[134,299,663,683]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p2, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FD1E80B1FD36" box="[426,482,663,683]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FD1E8392FD36" box="[632,705,663,683]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">11.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FD268392FD5E" box="[134,705,687,707]" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FD268078FD5E" box="[134,299,687,707]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p2, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FD2680B1FD5E" box="[426,482,687,707]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FD268392FD5E" box="[632,705,687,707]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">6.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FD418392FD41" box="[134,705,712,732]" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FD418078FD41" box="[134,299,712,732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p3, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FD4180B1FD41" box="[426,482,712,732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">6.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FD418392FD41" box="[632,705,712,732]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">7.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FD698392FD69" box="[134,705,736,756]" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FD698078FD69" box="[134,299,736,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p3, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FD6980B1FD69" box="[426,482,736,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">12.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FD698392FD69" box="[632,705,736,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">12.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FD718392FC91" box="[134,705,760,780]" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FD718078FC91" box="[134,299,760,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p3, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FD7180B1FC91" box="[426,482,760,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">6.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FD718392FC91" box="[632,705,760,780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">6.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FC998392FCB9" box="[134,705,784,804]" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FC998078FCB9" box="[134,299,784,804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p4, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FC9980B1FCB9" box="[426,482,784,804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">7.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FC998392FCB9" box="[632,705,784,804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">7.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FCA18392FCA1" box="[134,705,808,828]" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FCA18078FCA1" box="[134,299,808,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p4, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FCA180B1FCA1" box="[426,482,808,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">13.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FCA18392FCA1" box="[632,705,808,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">13.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FCC98392FCC9" box="[134,705,832,852]" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FCC98078FCC9" box="[134,299,832,852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">p4, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FCC980B1FCC9" box="[426,482,832,852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">6.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FCC98392FCC9" box="[632,705,832,852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">6.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FCD18392FCF1" box="[134,705,856,876]" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FCD18078FCF1" box="[134,299,856,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">m1, crown height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FCD180B1FCF1" box="[426,482,856,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">7.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FCD18392FCF1" box="[632,705,856,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">7.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FCF98392FC19" box="[134,705,880,900]" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FCF98078FC19" box="[134,299,880,900]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">m1, crown length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FCF980B1FC19" box="[426,482,880,900]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">14.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FCF98392FC19" box="[632,705,880,900]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">14.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C68BB8F1BF8FC018392FC01" box="[134,705,904,924]" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1BF8FC018078FC01" box="[134,299,904,924]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">m1, crown width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1AD4FC0180B1FC01" box="[426,482,904,924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">6.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C68BB8F1906FC018392FC01" box="[632,705,904,924]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">6.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6844691BFAFA5D83F7FA70" blockId="25.[130,777,1491,2028]" box="[132,676,1491,1517]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C6844691BFAFA5D83F7FA70" box="[132,676,1491,1517]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6844691BFAFA5D83F7FA70" box="[132,676,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
Lower teeth and alveoli (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C6844691AFAFA5D80A7FA70" box="[388,500,1491,1517]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="20.[813,824,882,899]" captionStartId-1="21.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionStartId-2="22.[132,143,815,832]" captionTargetBox-0="[813,1455,215,840]" captionTargetBox-1="[133,1454,215,1878]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1455,215,772]" captionTargetId-0="figure-851@20.[811,1364,213,751]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@21.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetId-2="figure-353@22.[698,1267,213,773]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionText-0="FIG. 11. — Left mandible of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, mandible in lateral view, B, same mandible in medial view; C, same mandibule in occlusal view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 12. — Right mandible of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, mandible in lingual view; B, the same mandible in labial view; C, the same mandible in occlusal view, D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray are abraded or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 13. — Mandibles of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI277): A, left horizontal ramus horizontal in lateral view; B, the same mandible in medial view; C, the same mandible in occlusal view; D, right horizontal ramus horizontal in lateral view; E, the same mandible in medial view; F, the same mandible in occlusal view. Abbreviations of the teeth follow the convention used in the main text. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671166" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671168" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671172" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10671166/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10671168/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10671172/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">Figs 11-13</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C684469197CFA5A834DFA70" box="[514,542,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,143,1227,1244]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-437@26.[698,1267,213,743]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 15. — Stereoscopic view of the mandibular dentition of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, left mandible in occlusal view; B, right mandible in occlusal view. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671176/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">15</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C6844691955FA5A832CFA70" box="[555,639,1491,1517]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="22.[813,824,984,1001]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of the mandible of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp.Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6744661853FC5185D7FB8B" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6744661853FC5185D7FB8B">Tables 4</tableCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C68446919F3FA5A83C8FA70" box="[653,667,1491,1517]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="25.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 7. — Measurements (in mm) of the lower dentition of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. paratype (MNHN.F.PPI269). Abbreviations:&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6844691BFAFF52825AFEAD" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6844691BFAFF52825AFEAD">7</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6844691BFAFA7A83B7F9B1" blockId="25.[130,777,1491,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
With the exception of the incisors and the left p2, all lower teeth are present in the mandibles of
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C684469196BF99B8322F9B1" box="[533,625,1554,1580]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6844691BE5F9BB8309F891" blockId="25.[130,777,1491,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
The alveoli of i1 and i2 show that i1 is located posteromedial to i2, and that the roots of i1 and i2 are strongly transversely compressed (char. 43[0]). In
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6844691971F9FB8339F911" box="[527,618,1650,1676]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269, the alveolus of i1 is distinctly larger than that of i2; whereas on
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6844691BFBF93B81B3F951" box="[133,224,1714,1740]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI278 the diameter of i1 and i2 are similar in length (i.e. labiolingually) but the alveolus of i1 is distinctly narrower (i.e. mesiodistally) than that of i2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6844691BE5F89B832EF871" blockId="25.[130,777,1491,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
The lower canine of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6844691A02F89B8339F8B1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[380,618,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6844691A02F89B8339F8B1" box="[380,618,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C684469190FF89B8254F8B1" box="[625,775,1810,1836]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is slightly everted laterally. The tooth is rather small, slightly compressed transversely, and with slightly posteriorly recurving apex. There is a distinct lingual carina on the posteromedial surface of the canine. The apex of the lower canine is flattened as a result of tooth wear. Interestingly, the postcanine teeth of
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6844691BFDF858818EF876" box="[131,221,2001,2027]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 shows very little to no wear.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C684469183DFF5E859AFD52" blockId="25.[811,1458,215,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
The first lower premolar is the only lower postcanine tooth that is single-rooted, in contrast to the other postcanines (p2-4, m1) which are all double-rooted (char. 47[1]). This corresponds with the general condition among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6844691E3BFEBE84FEFECC" box="[1349,1453,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, again, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C684469188EFEDE8530FEEC" baseAuthorityName="Nilsson" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1008,1123,343,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Cystophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C684469188EFEDE8530FEEC" box="[1008,1123,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">Cystophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(bilobed P2),
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6844691E76FEDE84D6FEEC" baseAuthorityName="Nilsson" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1288,1413,343,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Halichoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6844691E76FEDE84D6FEEC" box="[1288,1413,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">Halichoerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(all single-rooted), and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6844691F73FEFE852BFE0D" box="[1037,1144,375,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6844691F73FEFE852BFE0D" box="[1037,1144,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. (all single-rooted). On the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6844691825FE1E82E9FE2C" box="[859,954,407,433]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C68446918BDFE1F8572FE2D" box="[963,1057,406,432]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269, the first and second premolar are implanted obliquely, whereas p3, p4, and m1 are implanted parallel to the long axis of the tooth row. However, this condition is prone to intraspecific, e.g. ontogenetic and/ or sexual, variation since it is absent in the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6844691F87FD9F840BFDAD" box="[1273,1368,534,560]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the referred specimen
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C684469188DFDBF851CFDCD" box="[1011,1103,566,592]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI278. The lower postcanine teeth increase in size posteriorly with p1 having the smallest crown and m1 the largest one. The enamel of the mandibular postcanine teeth is slightly wrinkled and bears few apicobasal ridges, as observed on the upper teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C684469183DFD5F8447FBB3" blockId="25.[811,1458,215,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">In occlusal view, p1 is oval, with the lingual margin being more convex than the labial margin. This contrasts with the upper P1, which has a virtually straight labial margin. The lower p1 has a well-developed lingual cingulum forming a distinct shelf. The labial cingulum is thin, but clearly present. The labial cingulum is highest but also thinnest at mid-length of p1. The anteroposteriorly elongate and transversely compressed main conid dominates the crown. The crown is not highly raised; it is lower than long. Anterior and posterior to the main cuspid, are much smaller accessory cuspids. Especially the anterior accessory cuspid is minute.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C684469183DFBBD8555FA50" blockId="25.[811,1458,215,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">The p2, p3, and p4 are anteroposteriorly elongate. Although they present a well-outlined lingual cingulum, these cingula lack the well-developed posterolingual projection in p3 and p4, observed in their upper premolar correspondents. Due to the weaker development of this posterolingual projection, the discrepancy in the degree of development between the lingual and labial cingula is small and the main and accessory cuspids align with the long axis of each premolar. For p2, p3, and p4, the crowns are low: almost twice as long anteroposteriorly as high. The central main conid has prominent angular (i.e., anterodorsally and posterodorsally bowed) anterior and posterior crests and is flanked by a accessory cuspids anteriorly and posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C684469183DFA5A857CF876" blockId="25.[811,1458,215,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">The lower m1 is the largest postcanine tooth. The crown is proportionally higher in m1 than in the preceding premolars, but, as in the premolars, it is at least twice as long as it is high. The lingual cingulum is moderately well developed, but lacking the posterolingual shelf-like projection. The labial cingulum is narrow. This corresponds with the lower premolars, as well as with the upper first molar. The main conid dominates the crown. Its anterior and posterior crests are somewhat rounded, in contrast to the lower premolars, in which these crests are angular. Notably, the anterior margin is profoundly sloping, forming the base for a weakly-developed anterior accessory cuspid. In contrast, the posterior accessory cuspid is relatively well developed, compared to the anterior accessory cuspid. Posterior to the posterior accessory cuspid, the vestigial cuspid forms a small but distinct protuberance on the posterior margin of the tooth, as large as in p4.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6B446A1BFAFB428363FB6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671176/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" startId="26.[132,143,1227,1244]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1183]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6B446A1BFAFB428363FB6F" blockId="26.[132,1457,1227,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6B446A1BFAFB4281CEFB46" baselines="1240,1240" box="[132,157,1227,1244]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 15. — Stereoscopic view of the mandibular dentition of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A190DFB428264FB41" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[627,823,1227,1244]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A190DFB428264FB41" box="[627,823,1227,1244]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6B446A1845FB4282FEFB41" box="[827,941,1227,1244]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1FDFFB4285FDFB41" bold="true" box="[1185,1198,1227,1244]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
, left mandible in occlusal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1BFAFB6881C2FB6F" bold="true" box="[132,145,1249,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
, right mandible in occlusal view. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6B446A1BFAFABD8065FAD1" blockId="26.[130,776,1332,2028]" box="[132,310,1332,1358]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6B446A1BFAFABD8190FAD1" baselines="1351,1351" box="[132,195,1332,1358]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Axial" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">AXIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6B446A1BB4FAB08065FAD1" baselines="1351" box="[202,310,1337,1356]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="skeleton" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">SKELETON</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6B446A1BFAFADA806DFAF0" blockId="26.[130,776,1332,2028]" box="[132,318,1363,1389]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1BFAFADA806DFAF0" box="[132,318,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Cervical vertebrae</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6B446A1BFAFAFA809AFA70" blockId="26.[130,776,1332,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1BFAFAFA81E8FA10" bold="true" box="[132,187,1395,1421]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Atlas</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C6B446A1BB7FAFA8041FA10" box="[201,274,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[132,143,1657,1674]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-176@28.[698,1267,774,1335]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 16. — Atlases of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (A-D, holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276; E-H, paratype MNHN.F.PPI269): A, E, atlases in anterior view; B, F, same atlases in dorsal view; C, G, same atlases in posterior view; D, H, same atlases in left lateral view. Abbreviation: m. rect. cap. dors. min., musculus rectus capitis dorsalis minor. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671178/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C6B446A1A63FAFA8038FA10" box="[285,363,1395,1421]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="27.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 8. — Measurements (in mm) of the atlas of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6A446B1BFAFF52825BFEAD" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6A446B1BFAFF52825BFEAD">Table 8</tableCitation>
).Two atlases are known for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A19EEFAFA8051FA30" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A19EEFAFA8051FA30" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6B446A1A70FA1D80ECFA33" box="[270,447,1428,1454]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: the atlas of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6B446A19E9FA1A8251FA30" box="[663,770,1427,1453]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6B446A1BFAFA3A81B0FA50" box="[132,227,1459,1485]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276, and the atlas associated with the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6B446A19B1FA3A81E1FA70" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
skull,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6B446A1B84FA5A8005FA70" box="[250,342,1491,1517]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6B446A1BE5FA7A83A1F911" blockId="26.[130,776,1332,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
The atlas of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1A69FA7A80DEF990" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[279,397,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1A69FA7A80DEF990" box="[279,397,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6B446A1AEDFA7A808FF990" box="[403,476,1523,1549]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is gracile. Overall, the shape of the atlas of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1A6AF99B80D9F9B1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[276,394,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1A6AF99B80D9F9B1" box="[276,394,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6B446A1AEEF99A808AF9B0" box="[400,473,1555,1581]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
does not depart starkly from the condition in most other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1ADAF9BB8378F9D1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[420,555,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A19E0F9BB8256F9D1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[670,773,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A19E0F9BB8256F9D1" box="[670,773,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1BCCF9DB807BF9F1" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[178,296,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1BCCF9DB807BF9F1" box="[178,296,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The former has a uniquely anteroposteriorly elongate atlas and the latter has a particularly robust atlas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6B446A1BE5F91B851FF9D0" blockId="26.[130,776,1332,2028]" lastBlockId="26.[811,1457,1331,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
The transverse process of the atlas expands only moderately, laterally.The process has a roughly semi-circular convex lateral outline with a distinct anterior limit forming a hook-like tip, which forms the posterior margin of the alar notch. This lateral expansion of the transverse process conforms with most other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1BB9F8B88007F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[199,340,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. Exceptions are
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1973F8B883D7F8D6" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[525,644,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1973F8B883D7F8D6" box="[525,644,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A19EAF8B88253F8D6" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[660,768,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A19EAF8B88253F8D6" box="[660,768,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1BCBF8D88070F8F6" box="[181,291,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1BCBF8D88070F8F6" box="[181,291,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the transverse process of the atlas projects more strongly laterally. The convex curvature of the lateral margin of the transverse process of the atlas is also a character shared with most
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1AC7F8388317F856" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[441,580,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the notable exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1A76F8588023F876" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[264,368,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1A76F8588023F876" box="[264,368,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1ADCF858835CF876" box="[418,527,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1ADCF858835CF876" box="[418,527,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1946F85883F3F876" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[568,672,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1946F85883F3F876" box="[568,672,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this process is flared distally and has a straight, posteriorly expanding lateral margin. In lateral view, the transverse process of the atlas is straight and oriented anterodorsally-posteroventrally oblique, in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A18DEFA1A8547FA30" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[928,1044,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A18DEFA1A8547FA30" box="[928,1044,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6B446A1F64FA1D8532FA33" box="[1050,1121,1428,1454]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(char. 53[0]). Among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1E36FA1A84F8FA30" box="[1352,1451,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, the oblique orientation of this process is a character shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1817FA5A8281FA70" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[873,978,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A189EFA5A8518FA70" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[992,1099,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A189EFA5A8518FA70" box="[992,1099,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1F25FA5A8586FA70" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[1115,1237,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1F25FA5A8586FA70" box="[1115,1237,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1F9BFA5A8426FA70" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1253,1397,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1F9BFA5A8426FA70" box="[1253,1397,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1851FA7A82EFF990" box="[815,956,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1851FA7A82EFF990" box="[815,956,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Neomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This process is implanted rather subvertically in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A18F1F99B8548F9B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[911,1051,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. The transverse process is curved, in lateral view, in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A18B1F9BB8516F9D1" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[975,1093,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A18B1F9BB8516F9D1" box="[975,1093,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6B446B183DF9DB83F8FC32" blockId="26.[811,1457,1331,2027]" lastBlockId="27.[130,775,789,943]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
The transverse foramen is smaller than in extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1E3BF9DB8206F910" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, comparable in proportions
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1F02F9FB85B9F911" box="[1148,1258,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1F02F9FB85B9F911" box="[1148,1258,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but slightly larger than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1800F91B82BBF931" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[894,1000,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1800F91B82BBF931" box="[894,1000,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1F65F91B85C2F931" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[1051,1169,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1F65F91B85C2F931" box="[1051,1169,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the anteroventral side of the wing, the transverse foramen opens in a wide and open atlantal fossa. The posterior opening of the transverse foramen is visible in dorsal view, as in all other extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1855F89B82E5F8B1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[811,950,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1F54F89B8592F8B1" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1066,1217,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1F54F89B8592F8B1" box="[1066,1217,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(char. 52[1]). The cranial articular foveae are oval but strongly concave-cylindrical. The caudal articular foveae for articulation with the axis are rounded and both left and right are in an almost right angle to one another. The neural canal of the atlas of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6B446A1E45F81884E2F836" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1339,1457,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6B446A1E45F81884E2F836" box="[1339,1457,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6B446A1853F83B8227F851" box="[813,884,1970,1996]" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is round with prominent internal processes. The dorsal tubercle is raised high and marked laterally by deep fossae for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1BFAFC9F80E0FCB2" box="[132,435,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">m. rectus capitis dorsalis minor</emphasis>
(char. 54[1]).
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6A446B193BFC9C819FFCD2" author="AMSON E. &amp; MUIZON C. DE" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" pagination="523 - 548" refId="ref45824" refString="AMSON E. &amp; MUIZON C. DE 2014. - A new durophagous phocid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the late Neogene of Peru and considerations on monachine seal phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 12: 523 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019. 2013.799610" type="journal article" year="2014">Amson &amp; Muizon (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, previously described this as a unique character for the extinct monachine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1A24FCDC809CFCF2" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[346,463,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1A24FCDC809CFCF2" box="[346,463,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, we also observed these fossae in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1A5CFCFC80DFFC12" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[290,396,885,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1A5CFCFC80DFFC12" box="[290,396,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The intervertebral foramen on the lateral surface of the dorsal arch is large and round.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB572444C6A446B1BFAFF52825BFEAD" blockId="27.[132,776,219,304]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
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8. — Measurements (in mm) of the atlas of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1977FF528394FF71" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[521,711,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1977FF528394FF71" box="[521,711,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6A446B19B4FF5281E7FE9E" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1A4DFF7B806DFE9E" bold="true" box="[307,318,242,259]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B19ACFF7B838EFE9E" bold="true" box="[722,733,242,259]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">&gt;</emphasis>
, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1ACBFE968081FEAD" bold="true" box="[437,466,287,304]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6A446B1853FF5284E2FEAD" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C6A446B1853FF5284E2FEAD" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6A446B1853FF5284E2FEAD" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" startId="27.[813,824,219,236]" targetBox="[814,1440,362,783]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="27" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6A446B1853FF5284E2FEAD" blockId="27.[813,1457,219,304]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6A446B1853FF528209FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[813,858,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
9. — Measurements (in mm) of the axis of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1FD1FF52843CFF71" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1199,1391,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1FD1FF52843CFF71" box="[1199,1391,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6A446B1E0CFF5284FDFF71" box="[1394,1454,219,236]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n. sp.. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B189FFF7B82BFFE9E" bold="true" box="[993,1004,242,259]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1EFEFF7B84D8FE9E" bold="true" box="[1408,1419,242,259]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">&gt;</emphasis>
, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1F1EFE96852EFEAD" bold="true" box="[1120,1149,287,304]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6A446B1AC6FEE3839BFD56" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<table id="F90A80E44C6ABB8F1BF8FEE38257FD56" box="[134,772,362,715]" gridcols="3" gridrows="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FEE38257FEE3" box="[134,772,362,382]" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FEE38257FEE3" box="[134,772,362,382]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1AC6FEE38257FEE3" bold="true" box="[440,772,362,382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN.F.PPI276 MNHN.F.PPI269</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FE0D8257FE05" box="[134,772,388,408]" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FE0D8318FE05" box="[456,587,388,408]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1AA8FE0D8368FE05" bold="true" box="[470,571,388,408]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">(holotype)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FE0D8257FE05" box="[607,772,388,408]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1901FE0D83B5FE05" bold="true" box="[639,742,388,408]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">(paratype)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FE2B8257FE2B" box="[134,772,418,438]" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FE2B80CFFE2B" box="[134,412,418,438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1BF8FE2B81BFFE2B" bold="true" box="[134,236,418,438]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FE2B8318FE2B" box="[456,587,418,438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1AB0FE2B8318FE2B" bold="true" box="[462,587,418,438]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">left right</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FE2B8257FE2B" box="[607,772,418,438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1906FE2B83A7FE2B" bold="true" box="[632,756,418,438]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">left right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FE4F8257FE47" box="[134,772,454,474]" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FE4F80CFFE47" box="[134,412,454,474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Overall, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FE4F8318FE47" box="[456,587,454,474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">&gt; 46.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FE4F8257FE47" box="[607,772,454,474]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">50.2e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FE578257FE6F" box="[134,772,478,498]" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FE5780CFFE6F" box="[134,412,478,498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Overall, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FE578318FE6F" box="[456,587,478,498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">115.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FE578257FE6F" box="[607,772,478,498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">114.2e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FE7F8257FD97" box="[134,772,502,522]" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FE7F80CFFD97" box="[134,412,502,522]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Wings, transverse length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FE7F8318FD97" box="[456,587,502,522]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">32.2 n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FE7F8257FD97" box="[607,772,502,522]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">29.8 28.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FD878257FDBF" box="[134,772,526,546]" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FD8780CFFDBF" box="[134,412,526,546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Wings, least width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FD878318FDBF" box="[456,587,526,546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">32.6 n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FD878257FDBF" box="[607,772,526,546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">28.7 28.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FDAF8257FDA7" box="[134,772,550,570]" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FDAF80CFFDA7" box="[134,412,550,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Wings, maximum width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FDAF8318FDA7" box="[456,587,550,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">38.0e n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FDAF8257FDA7" box="[607,772,550,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">&gt; 33.5 35.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FDB78257FDCF" box="[134,772,574,594]" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FDB780CFFDCF" box="[134,412,574,594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Articular facet for axis, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FDB78318FDCF" box="[456,587,574,594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a 18.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FDB78257FDCF" box="[607,772,574,594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">19.8 20.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FDDF8257FDF7" box="[134,772,598,618]" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FDDF80CFFDF7" box="[134,412,598,618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Articular facet for axis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FDDF8318FDF7" box="[456,587,598,618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a 18.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FDDF8257FDF7" box="[607,772,598,618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">21.8 21.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FDE78257FD1F" box="[134,772,622,642]" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FDE780CFFD1F" box="[134,412,622,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Neural arch, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FDE78318FD1F" box="[456,587,622,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">26.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FDE78257FD1F" box="[607,772,622,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">27.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FD0F8257FD07" box="[134,772,646,666]" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FD0F80CFFD07" box="[134,412,646,666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Ventral bar, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FD0F8318FD07" box="[456,587,646,666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FD0F8257FD07" box="[607,772,646,666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">15.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FD168257FD2E" box="[134,772,671,691]" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FD1680CFFD2E" box="[134,412,671,691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Neural canal, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FD168318FD2E" box="[456,587,671,691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">27.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FD168257FD2E" box="[607,772,671,691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">27.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1BF8FD3E8257FD56" box="[134,772,695,715]" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1BF8FD3E80CFFD56" box="[134,412,695,715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Neural canal, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1AB6FD3E8318FD56" box="[456,587,695,715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">30.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1921FD3E8257FD56" box="[607,772,695,715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">27.8</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6A446B1FE8FEE38425FC92" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<table id="F90A80E44C6ABB8F1850FEE384F3FC92" box="[814,1440,362,783]" gridcols="3" gridrows="17" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FEE384F3FEE3" box="[814,1440,362,382]" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FEE38443FEE3" box="[1142,1296,362,382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1FE8FEE385A3FEE3" bold="true" box="[1174,1264,362,382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN.F.</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FEE384F3FEE3" box="[1321,1440,362,382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1E4AFEE384DDFEE3" bold="true" box="[1332,1422,362,382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN.F.</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FE0D84F3FE05" box="[814,1440,388,408]" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FE0D8443FE05" box="[1142,1296,388,408]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1FDFFE0D85B6FE05" bold="true" box="[1185,1253,388,408]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">PPI276</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FE0D84F3FE05" box="[1321,1440,388,408]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1E41FE0D84D7FE05" bold="true" box="[1343,1412,388,408]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">PPI269</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FE1784F3FE2F" box="[814,1440,414,434]" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FE178443FE2F" box="[1142,1296,414,434]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1FEFFE1785A5FE2F" bold="true" box="[1169,1270,414,434]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">(holotype)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FE1784F3FE2F" box="[1321,1440,414,434]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1E50FE1784C7FE2F" bold="true" box="[1326,1428,414,434]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">(paratype)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FE3584F3FE4D" box="[814,1440,444,464]" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FE358539FE4D" box="[814,1130,444,464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1850FE3582C7FE4D" bold="true" box="[814,916,444,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FE358443FE4D" box="[1142,1296,444,464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1FF5FE358451FE4D" bold="true" box="[1163,1282,444,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">left right</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FE3584F3FE4D" box="[1321,1440,444,464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1E57FE3584F3FE4D" bold="true" box="[1321,1440,444,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">left right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FE5384F3FE73" box="[814,1440,474,494]" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FE538539FE73" box="[814,1130,474,494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Overall, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FE538443FE73" box="[1142,1296,474,494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">67.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FE5384F3FE73" box="[1321,1440,474,494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">68.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FE7B84F3FD9B" box="[814,1440,498,518]" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FE7B8539FD9B" box="[814,1130,498,518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Overall, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FE7B8443FD9B" box="[1142,1296,498,518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FE7B84F3FD9B" box="[1321,1440,498,518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">&gt; 64.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FD8384F3FDBD" box="[814,1440,522,544]" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FD838539FDBD" box="[814,1130,522,544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Overall, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FD838443FDBD" box="[1142,1296,522,544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">30.1 × 2 = 60.2e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FD8384F3FDBD" box="[1321,1440,522,544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FDAB84F3FDAB" box="[814,1440,546,566]" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FDAB8539FDAB" box="[814,1130,546,566]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Body, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FDAB8443FDAB" box="[1142,1296,546,566]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">50.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FDAB84F3FDAB" box="[1321,1440,546,566]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">&gt; 53.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FDB384F3FDD3" box="[814,1440,570,590]" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FDB38539FDD3" box="[814,1130,570,590]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Body, height (posterior)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FDB38443FDD3" box="[1142,1296,570,590]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FDB384F3FDD3" box="[1321,1440,570,590]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">&gt; 23.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FDDB84F3FDFB" box="[814,1440,594,614]" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FDDB8539FDFB" box="[814,1130,594,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Body, width (posterior)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FDDB8443FDFB" box="[1142,1296,594,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FDDB84F3FDFB" box="[1321,1440,594,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">27.3e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FDE384F3FDE3" box="[814,1440,618,638]" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FDE38539FDE3" box="[814,1130,618,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Dens, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FDE38443FDE3" box="[1142,1296,618,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">12.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FDE384F3FDE3" box="[1321,1440,618,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">15.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FD0B84F3FD0B" box="[814,1440,642,662]" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FD0B8539FD0B" box="[814,1130,642,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Articular facet for atlas, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FD0B8443FD0B" box="[1142,1296,642,662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">18.9 n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FD0B84F3FD0B" box="[1321,1440,642,662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a 20.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FD1384F3FD33" box="[814,1440,666,686]" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FD138539FD33" box="[814,1130,666,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Articular facet for atlas, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FD138443FD33" box="[1142,1296,666,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">16.6 n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FD1384F3FD33" box="[1321,1440,666,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">n/a 19.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FD3A84F3FD5A" box="[814,1440,691,711]" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FD3A8539FD5A" box="[814,1130,691,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Spinous process, horizontal length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FD3A8443FD5A" box="[1142,1296,691,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">66.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FD3A84F3FD5A" box="[1321,1440,691,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">56.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FD4284F3FD42" box="[814,1440,715,735]" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FD428539FD42" box="[814,1130,715,735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Neural canal, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FD428443FD42" box="[1142,1296,715,735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">17.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FD4284F3FD42" box="[1321,1440,715,735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">20.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FD6A84F3FD6A" box="[814,1440,739,759]" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FD6A8539FD6A" box="[814,1130,739,759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Neural canal, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FD6A8443FD6A" box="[1142,1296,739,759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">19.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FD6A84F3FD6A" box="[1321,1440,739,759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">22.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6ABB8F1850FD7284F3FC92" box="[814,1440,763,783]" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1850FD728539FC92" box="[814,1130,763,783]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Neural canal, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1F08FD728443FC92" box="[1142,1296,763,783]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">14.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6ABB8F1E57FD7284F3FC92" box="[1321,1440,763,783]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">18.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6A446B1BFAFC5D8322FBD3" blockId="27.[130,777,980,2027]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1BFAFC5D81E0FC73" bold="true" box="[132,179,980,1006]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Axis</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C6A446B1BBAFC5D8042FC72" box="[196,273,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[132,143,1225,1242]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-127@29.[698,1267,213,742]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 17. — Axes of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (A-C, holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276; D-F, paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, D, axes in anterior view; B, E, same axes in dorsal view; C, left lateral view of MNHN.F.PPI276; F, right lateral view of MNHN.F.PPI269. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671180/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C6A446B1A61FC5D803CFC72" box="[287,367,980,1007]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="27.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 9. — Measurements (in mm) of the axis of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp.. Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6A446B1853FF5284E2FEAD" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6A446B1853FF5284E2FEAD">Table 9</tableCitation>
). Two axes are known for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B19ECFC5D81A7FB93" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B19ECFC5D81A7FB93" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6A446B1B85FC7C80DDFB92" box="[251,398,1013,1039]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
As for the atlases, described above: one as part of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6A446B1A33FB9D80FCFBB3" box="[333,431,1044,1070]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6A446B1AC3FB9C8349FBB2" box="[445,538,1045,1071]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276, and one as part of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6A446B1B80FBBC8009FBD2" box="[254,346,1077,1103]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
skull,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6A446B1ADCFBBD80ADFBD3" box="[418,510,1076,1102]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6A446B1BE5FBDD842AFA93" blockId="27.[130,777,980,2027]" lastBlockId="27.[811,1457,853,1294]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
The shape of the dens differs between both specimens, being exceptionally thick and stubby in the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6A446B197BFBFD8331FB13" box="[517,610,1140,1166]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen: even more than the dens of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1A12FB1D80B2FB33" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[364,481,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1A12FB1D80B2FB33" box="[364,481,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has been considered to be thick by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6A446B1A64FB3D837EFB53" author="AMSON E. &amp; MUIZON C. DE" box="[282,557,1204,1230]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" pagination="523 - 548" refId="ref45824" refString="AMSON E. &amp; MUIZON C. DE 2014. - A new durophagous phocid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the late Neogene of Peru and considerations on monachine seal phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 12: 523 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019. 2013.799610" type="journal article" year="2014">Amson &amp; Muizon (2014)</bibRefCitation>
. The dens is circular in cross-section in both specimens. The cranial articular surfaces are subcircular to subtriangular in outline and at a 90° angle to one another. The shape of the thin spinous process differs between both specimens: it does not reach anterior to the dens in either of both, but it has a distinct anterior ‘knob’ in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6A446B1B94FAFD801BFA13" box="[234,328,1396,1422]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276. The posterior tip forms a small ‘knob’ in both specimens. The spinous process of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6A446B19D7FA1A8255FA30" box="[681,774,1427,1453]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6A446B1BF3FA3A81B8FA50" box="[141,235,1459,1485]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276) project further posteriorly than that of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6A446B1BD1FA5A8058FA70" box="[175,267,1491,1517]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6A446B1A65FA5A802BFA70" box="[283,376,1491,1517]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269). In the former it projects, well posterior to the postzygapophyses and posterior articular facet of the centrum. In the latter it is slightly anterior to the posterior articular facet of the centrum (although the epiphysis of the centrum is missing the spinous process is dorsal to the posterior end of the centrum asd preserved) and well anterior to the postzygapophyses. This notable difference in size and stoutness of the dens and spinous process of the
<specimenCount id="9D0CB9CD4C6A446B19A0F93A81A2F971" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
is likely to be related to sexual dimorphism since the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6A446B1BD3F97B805FF891" box="[173,268,1778,1804]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is a male and the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6A446B1AB4F97B8375F891" box="[458,550,1778,1804]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is probably a female. In its overall size, the spinous process of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1941F89B83E6F8B1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[575,693,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1941F89B83E6F8B1" box="[575,693,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6A446B19C2F89B8254F8B1" box="[700,775,1810,1836]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is proportionally as large as in other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1909F8B88250F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[631,771,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, but notably larger than in extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1A94F8D88327F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[490,628,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. The centrum is incompletely preserved in both. The dorsal surface of the body appears semi-cylindrical in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6A446B1A96F8188311F836" box="[488,578,1937,1963]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 and the ventral surface is strongly excavated with a distinct, sharp ventral keel, which is strongly prominent posteriorly and which separates two deep fossae. The development of this keel, and the depth of the fossae adjacent to it, are similar to the condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1809FC1C82B2FC32" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[887,993,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1809FC1C82B2FC32" box="[887,993,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; better developed than in either
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1E49FC1C84FEFC32" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[1335,1453,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1E49FC1C84FEFC32" box="[1335,1453,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6A446B1837FC3C82E4FC52" box="[841,951,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1837FC3C82E4FC52" box="[841,951,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The neural canal is distinctly higher than wide with a concave ventral margin. The postzygapophysis on the posterior margin of the neural arch is simple, bearing a flat, teardrop-shaped postzygapophyseal articular facet. Both left and right facets are facing ventrolaterally, perpendicular to one another. The transverse foramen is oval and transversely elongate. It is dorsally and ventrally covered by thin laminae of the transverse process. The transverse process forms a gracile stub, running parallel with, but posterior to the anterior articular surface. This process is oriented posterolaterally and almost reaches the same posterior level as the centrum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6A446B1853FABA8568FA30" blockId="27.[811,1457,1331,2028]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6A446B1853FABA8567FAD0" bold="true" box="[813,1076,1331,1357]" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Other cervical vertebrae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C6A446B1F3DFABA85C3FAD0" box="[1091,1168,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-28@30.[698,1269,769,1325]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 18. — Cervical vertebrae of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, Ce3 in anterior view; B, Ce3 in dorsal view; C, Ce3 in left lateral view; D, Ce4 in anterior view; E, Ce4 in dorsal view; F, Ce4 in left lateral view; G, Ce5 in anterior view; H, Ce5 in dorsal view; I, Ce5 in left lateral view; J, Ce6 in anterior view; K, Ce6 in dorsal view; L, Ce6 in left lateral view; M, Ce7 in anterior view; N, Ce7 in dorsal view; O, Ce7 in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671182/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Figs 18</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C6A446B1FE3FABA85EAFAD0" box="[1181,1209,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[132,143,601,618]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,558]" captionTargetId="figure-509@31.[131,1078,213,559]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 19. — Third cervical vertebra of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269): A, cervical vertebra in anterior view; B, same vertebra in dorsal view; C, same vertebra in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671184/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">19</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C6A446B1FBBFABA8471FAD0" box="[1221,1314,1331,1357]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="29.[132,143,1305,1322]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="TABLE 10. — Measurements (in mm) of the cervical vertebrae of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (excluding atlas and axis). Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured; DEF, the character is deformed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6C446D1BFAFA9083B4FAC5" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6C446D1BFAFA9083B4FAC5">Table 10</tableCitation>
). All cervical vertebrae, Ce3-7 are known for the holotypeMNHN.F.PPI276, whereas only Ce3 is known for
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6A446B1FFAFAFA858CFA10" box="[1156,1247,1395,1421]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269, in addition to the atlas and axis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6A446C183DFA3A84E3F876" blockId="27.[811,1457,1331,2028]" lastBlockId="28.[812,1457,1778,2028]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
The centrum is dorsoventrally slightly flattened. Its dorsal aspect is roughly flat on Ce3 of
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6A446B1F06FA5A8585FA70" box="[1144,1238,1491,1517]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276 to slightly concave on Ce3 of
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6A446B1888FA7A8501F990" box="[1014,1106,1523,1549]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269. The dorsal part of the centrum is slanted anteriorly. As a consequence, the posterior articular surface of the centra is strongly oblique being anterodorsally-posteroventrally oriented. This oblique orientation decreases from Ce3 to Ce7 and is almost absent on the anterior thoracic vertebrae. The anterior articular surfaces are roughly oval in outline, whereas the posterior surface is roughly triangular due to the development of a strong posteroventral tubercle. The length of the centra varies from Ce3 to Ce7. It increases from Ce3 to Ce6 (
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C6A446B1F25F89B8597F8B1" box="[1115,1220,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="38.8">38.8 mm</quantity>
;
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C6A446B1FAEF89B8464F8B1" box="[1232,1335,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.94" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="39.4">39.4 mm</quantity>
;
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C6A446B1E3DF89B84F9F8B1" box="[1347,1450,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="41.1">41.1 mm</quantity>
;
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C6A446B1853F8B882C0F8D1" box="[813,915,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="44.5">44.5 mm</quantity>
). Then, it decreases in Ce7 (43.0 mm) and decreases again on the anterior thoracic vertebrae. The ventral aspect of the centrum bears a prominent ventral keel which exhibits a strong posterior tubercle. The keel is deeply concave from Ce3 to Ce5; the concavity decreases on Ce6 and the keel is straight on Ce7. The ventral keel separates two deep ventral fossae, which receive the insertion of the cervical fascia the
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C1BF8F89B8040F8B1" box="[134,275,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">m. longus coli</emphasis>
, originating on the transverse processes of the anterior vertebra. The shape of the neural arch varies along the series of vertebrae: crescent-shaped or semi-circular in the anterior vertebrae, and subtriangular in the posterior cervical vertebrae. The gradually more prominent dorsal tapering of the neural canal into a triangle corresponds with the development of the spinous process. Whereas the spinous process is small in the anterior vertebrae, it is much higher in the posterior vertebrae. In addition, the spinous process is slanted anteriorly in Ce4-6 and extends anterodorsal to the neural arch. It is subvertical in Ce7. The prezygapophysis is simple, forming a flattened spatula-like process that projects anterodorsally. The prezygapophyseal articular facet is oval and flat, facing mediodorsally. The postzygapophysis bears a small, flattened knob-like prominence on its dorsal surface.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6D446C1BFAF9F08358F92A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671178/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" startId="28.[132,143,1657,1674]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1614]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6D446C1BFAF9F08358F92A" blockId="28.[132,1457,1657,1719]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6D446C1BFAF9F081CEF914" baselines="1670,1670" box="[132,157,1657,1674]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 16. — Atlases of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6D446C1A45F9F08352F917" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[315,513,1657,1674]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C1A45F9F08352F917" box="[315,513,1657,1674]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6D446C1979F9F0832CF917" box="[519,639,1657,1674]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C19F6F9F083F9F917" bold="true" box="[648,682,1657,1674]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">A -D</emphasis>
, holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C18DEF9F08291F917" bold="true" box="[928,962,1657,1674]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">E-H</emphasis>
, paratype MNHN.F.PPI269):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C1FC6F9F08596F917" bold="true" box="[1208,1221,1657,1674]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C1FAEF9F0858FF917" bold="true" box="[1232,1244,1657,1674]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">E</emphasis>
, atlases in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C1BFAF91981C2F93C" bold="true" box="[132,145,1680,1697]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C1BE2F91981F4F93C" bold="true" box="[156,167,1680,1697]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">F</emphasis>
, same atlases in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C1ADFF91980FCF93C" bold="true" box="[417,431,1680,1697]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C1AC7F9198094F93C" bold="true" box="[441,455,1680,1697]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">G</emphasis>
, same atlases in posterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C19A6F91983B5F93C" bold="true" box="[728,742,1680,1697]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">D</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C198EF91983ADF93C" bold="true" box="[752,766,1680,1697]" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">H</emphasis>
, same atlases in left lateral view. Abbreviation:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C1FF7F9198405F93C" bold="true" box="[1161,1366,1680,1697]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">m. rect. cap. dors. min.</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6D446C1E1EF919803FF92A" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="57">musculus rectus capitis dorsalis minor</emphasis>
. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6C446D1BFAFB4085DCFB6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671180" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671180/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="58" startId="29.[132,143,1225,1242]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1181]" targetPageId="29" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6C446D1BFAFB4085DCFB6C" blockId="29.[132,1455,1127,1265]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6C446D1BFAFB4081CEFB44" baselines="1238,1238" box="[132,157,1225,1242]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 17. — Axes of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6C446D1A3DFB40835BFB47" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[323,520,1225,1242]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="29" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1A3DFB40835BFB47" box="[323,520,1225,1242]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6C446D1973FB4083D2FB47" box="[525,641,1225,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D19F4FB4083FFFB47" bold="true" box="[650,684,1225,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">A -C</emphasis>
, holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D18E0FB4082EDFB47" bold="true" box="[926,958,1225,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">D -F</emphasis>
, paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1FC9FB408597FB47" bold="true" box="[1207,1220,1225,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1FB0FB40858FFB47" bold="true" box="[1230,1244,1225,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
, axes in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1EE3FB4084F9FB47" bold="true" box="[1437,1450,1225,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1BFAFB6981C3FB6C" bold="true" box="[132,144,1248,1265]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
, same axes in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1A08FB6980D7FB6C" bold="true" box="[374,388,1248,1265]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
, left lateral view of MNHN.F.PPI276;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D19C7FB698397FB6C" bold="true" box="[697,708,1248,1265]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">F</emphasis>
, right lateral view of MNHN.F.PPI269. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6C446D1BFAFA9083B4FAC5" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C6C446D1BFAFA9083B4FAC5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6C446D1BFAFA9083B4FAC5" pageId="29" pageNumber="58" startId="29.[132,143,1305,1322]" targetBox="[134,1450,1426,1773]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="29" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6C446D1BFAFA9083B4FAC5" blockId="29.[132,1457,1305,1368]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6C446D1BFAFA9081E1FAB7" baselines="1318,1319" box="[132,178,1305,1322]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
10. — Measurements (in mm) of the cervical vertebrae of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6C446D19E9FA908208FAB7" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[663,859,1305,1322]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="29" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D19E9FA908208FAB7" box="[663,859,1305,1322]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6C446D181EFA908287FAB7" box="[864,980,1305,1322]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(excluding atlas and axis). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1E4FFA90846FFAB7" bold="true" box="[1329,1340,1305,1322]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1AD4FAB980E6FADC" bold="true" box="[426,437,1328,1345]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">&gt;</emphasis>
, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1BFAFACE81F2FAC5" bold="true" box="[132,161,1351,1368]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1AA4FACE80ACFAC5" bold="true" box="[474,511,1351,1368]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">DEF</emphasis>
, the character is deformed.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6C446D1E76FA1B843DF970" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<table id="F90A80E44C6CBB8F1BF8FA1B84F9F970" box="[134,1450,1426,1773]" gridcols="7" gridrows="14" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8FA1B84F9FA3B" box="[134,1450,1426,1446]" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="58" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76FA1B84F9FA3B" box="[1288,1450,1426,1446]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1E76FA1B84F9FA3B" bold="true" box="[1288,1450,1426,1446]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">MNHN.F.PPI269</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8FA2584F9FA5D" box="[134,1450,1452,1472]" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="58" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7FA258574FA5D" box="[665,1063,1452,1472]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D19A1FA2582BFFA5D" bold="true" box="[735,1004,1452,1472]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">MNHN.F.PPI276 (holotype)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76FA2584F9FA5D" box="[1288,1450,1452,1472]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1E58FA2584DFFA5D" bold="true" box="[1318,1420,1452,1472]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">(paratype)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8FA4384F9FA43" box="[134,1450,1482,1502]" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8FA43802AFA43" box="[134,377,1482,1502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1BF8FA4381BFFA43" bold="true" box="[134,236,1482,1502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3FA43831EFA43" box="[461,589,1482,1502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1979FA43837CFA43" bold="true" box="[519,559,1482,1502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Ce3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7FA4383A1FA43" box="[665,754,1482,1502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D19D2FA438386FA43" bold="true" box="[684,725,1482,1502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Ce4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FFA4382C4FA43" box="[849,919,1482,1502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D182FFA43822AFA43" bold="true" box="[849,889,1482,1502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Ce5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888FA438574FA43" box="[1014,1063,1482,1502]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1888FA43854DFA43" bold="true" box="[1014,1054,1482,1502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Ce6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20FA43859FFA43" box="[1118,1228,1482,1502]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1FE2FA438597FA43" bold="true" box="[1180,1220,1482,1502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Ce7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76FA4384F9FA43" box="[1288,1450,1482,1502]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6C446D1E3BFA43843EFA43" bold="true" box="[1349,1389,1482,1502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Ce3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8FA6184F9FA61" box="[134,1450,1512,1532]" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8FA61802AFA61" box="[134,377,1512,1532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Overall, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3FA61831EFA61" box="[461,589,1512,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">66</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7FA6183A1FA61" box="[665,754,1512,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">&gt; 75</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FFA6182C4FA61" box="[849,919,1512,1532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">76</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888FA618574FA61" box="[1014,1063,1512,1532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">84.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20FA61859FFA61" box="[1118,1228,1512,1532]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">76</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76FA6184F9FA61" box="[1288,1450,1512,1532]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">50.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8F98984F9F98B" box="[134,1450,1536,1558]" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8F989802AF98B" box="[134,377,1536,1558]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Overall, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3F9898574F98B" box="[461,1063,1536,1558]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">39.5 × 2 = 79.0e 41.1 × 2 = 82.2e 42.9 × 2 = 85.8e 39 × 2 = 78</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20F989859FF98B" box="[1118,1228,1536,1558]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">47 × 2 = 94</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76F98984F9F98B" box="[1288,1450,1536,1558]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">80.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8F99184F9F9B1" box="[134,1450,1560,1580]" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8F991802AF9B1" box="[134,377,1560,1580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Body, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3F991831EF9B1" box="[461,589,1560,1580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">40.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7F99183A1F9B1" box="[665,754,1560,1580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">39.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FF99182C4F9B1" box="[849,919,1560,1580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">41.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888F9918574F9B1" box="[1014,1063,1560,1580]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">45.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20F991859FF9B1" box="[1118,1228,1560,1580]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">44.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76F99184F9F9B1" box="[1288,1450,1560,1580]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">38.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8F9B984F9F9D9" box="[134,1450,1584,1604]" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8F9B9802AF9D9" box="[134,377,1584,1604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Body, height (anterior)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3F9B9831EF9D9" box="[461,589,1584,1604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7F9B983A1F9D9" box="[665,754,1584,1604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FF9B982C4F9D9" box="[849,919,1584,1604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">24.0e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888F9B98574F9D9" box="[1014,1063,1584,1604]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">25</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20F9B9859FF9D9" box="[1118,1228,1584,1604]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">28.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76F9B984F9F9D9" box="[1288,1450,1584,1604]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">21.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8F9C184F9F9C1" box="[134,1450,1608,1628]" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8F9C1802AF9C1" box="[134,377,1608,1628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Body, width (anterior)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3F9C1831EF9C1" box="[461,589,1608,1628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7F9C183A1F9C1" box="[665,754,1608,1628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">29.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FF9C182C4F9C1" box="[849,919,1608,1628]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">28.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888F9C18574F9C1" box="[1014,1063,1608,1628]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">29</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20F9C1859FF9C1" box="[1118,1228,1608,1628]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">28.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76F9C184F9F9C1" box="[1288,1450,1608,1628]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">27.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8F9E984F9F9E9" box="[134,1450,1632,1652]" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8F9E9802AF9E9" box="[134,377,1632,1652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Body, height (posterior)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3F9E9831EF9E9" box="[461,589,1632,1652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7F9E983A1F9E9" box="[665,754,1632,1652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FF9E982C4F9E9" box="[849,919,1632,1652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">28e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888F9E98574F9E9" box="[1014,1063,1632,1652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">29e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20F9E9859FF9E9" box="[1118,1228,1632,1652]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">28.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76F9E984F9F9E9" box="[1288,1450,1632,1652]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">24.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8F9F184F9F911" box="[134,1450,1656,1676]" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8F9F1802AF911" box="[134,377,1656,1676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Body, width (posterior)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3F9F1831EF911" box="[461,589,1656,1676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">27.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7F9F183A1F911" box="[665,754,1656,1676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">31</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FF9F182C4F911" box="[849,919,1656,1676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">32.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888F9F18574F911" box="[1014,1063,1656,1676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20F9F1859FF911" box="[1118,1228,1656,1676]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">33.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76F9F184F9F911" box="[1288,1450,1656,1676]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">26.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8F91984F9F939" box="[134,1450,1680,1700]" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8F919802AF939" box="[134,377,1680,1700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Neural arch, canal, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3F919831EF939" box="[461,589,1680,1700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">18.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7F91983A1F939" box="[665,754,1680,1700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">19.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FF91982C4F939" box="[849,919,1680,1700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">17.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888F9198574F939" box="[1014,1063,1680,1700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">20.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20F919859FF939" box="[1118,1228,1680,1700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">25.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76F91984F9F939" box="[1288,1450,1680,1700]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">14.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8F92184F9F921" box="[134,1450,1704,1724]" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8F921802AF921" box="[134,377,1704,1724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Neural canal, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3F921831EF921" box="[461,589,1704,1724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">14.8DEF</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7F92183A1F921" box="[665,754,1704,1724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">15.6DEF</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FF92182C4F921" box="[849,919,1704,1724]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">15.9DEF</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888F9218574F921" box="[1014,1063,1704,1724]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">20.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20F921859FF921" box="[1118,1228,1704,1724]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">20.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76F92184F9F921" box="[1288,1450,1704,1724]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">15.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8F94984F9F949" box="[134,1450,1728,1748]" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8F949802AF949" box="[134,377,1728,1748]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Neural canal, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3F949831EF949" box="[461,589,1728,1748]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">18.4DEF</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7F94983A1F949" box="[665,754,1728,1748]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">23.2DEF</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FF94982C4F949" box="[849,919,1728,1748]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">23.5DEF</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888F9498574F949" box="[1014,1063,1728,1748]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">23.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20F949859FF949" box="[1118,1228,1728,1748]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">23.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76F94984F9F949" box="[1288,1450,1728,1748]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">23.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6CBB8F1BF8F95084F9F970" box="[134,1450,1753,1773]" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
<th id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1BF8F950802AF970" box="[134,377,1753,1773]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">Spinous process, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1AB3F950831EF970" box="[461,589,1753,1773]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">5.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F19E7F95083A1F970" box="[665,754,1753,1773]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">15.7e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F182FF95082C4F970" box="[849,919,1753,1773]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">15.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1888F9508574F970" box="[1014,1063,1753,1773]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">22.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1F20F950859FF970" box="[1118,1228,1753,1773]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">25.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6CBB8F1E76F95084F9F970" box="[1288,1450,1753,1773]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">10.4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6C446F1BFAF8B88360F9F1" blockId="29.[130,777,1841,2028]" lastBlockId="31.[130,776,1204,1772]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="29" pageNumber="58">
The postzygapophyseal articular facet is round to oval and faces lateroventrally. Both left and right facets are perpendicular to one another. The prezygapophysis and postzygapophysis extend anterior to the anterior articular surface and posterior to the posterior articular surface, of the centrum, respectively. The shape of the transverse process varies along the series of cervical vertebrae. It gradually changes along Ce3-6, but starkly differs in Ce7. For Ce3-6, the transverse process is oriented posterolaterally and bifurcates distally. In Ce3, this process is transversely flattened with a superior branch projecting dorsally and a wider inferior branch projecting ventrally. The superior branch of the transverse process is tubular in Ce4 and Ce5, and transversely flattened again in Ce6. The inferior branch of the transverse process forms a transversely flattened wedge in Ce4-6, gradually expanding anteroposteriorly along the series of vertebrae. The inferior branch of the transverse process reaches ventral to the centrum. A transverse foramen is present at the base of the transverse process, just lateral to the centrum. This foramen is oval in Ce3-5, but round in Ce6. As usual in most mammals, the transverse process of Ce6 is the largest of the cervical series featuring a large plate, on which insert the thoracic part of the
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1AAAFA5D8335FA70" box="[468,614,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">m. longus coli</emphasis>
and originates the Ce6-Ce5 fascia of the cervical part of the muscle. In Ce7, there is no transverse foramen, the transverse process projects laterally instead of ventrolaterally, and it is not transversely flatted but forms a tubular prominence.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6F446E1BFAF82284E3F874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671182/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" startId="30.[132,143,1963,1980]" targetBox="[131,1456,215,1879]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6F446E1BFAF82284E3F874" blockId="30.[132,1456,1963,2025]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6F446E1BFAF82281CEF826" baselines="1976,1976" box="[132,157,1963,1980]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 18. — Cervical vertebrae of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6F446E1AEFF8228306F821" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[401,597,1963,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1AEFF8228306F821" box="[401,597,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6F446E1924F822839EF821" box="[602,717,1963,1980]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E18BFF822829DF821" bold="true" box="[961,974,1963,1980]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
, Ce3 in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1FF6F82285C6F821" bold="true" box="[1160,1173,1963,1980]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
, Ce3 in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1E3DF8228402F821" bold="true" box="[1347,1361,1963,1980]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
, Ce3 in left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1B92F84B81A9F84E" bold="true" box="[236,250,1986,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
, Ce4 in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1ACBF84B8092F84E" bold="true" box="[437,449,1986,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">E</emphasis>
, Ce4 in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E190EF84B8328F84E" bold="true" box="[624,635,1986,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">F</emphasis>
, Ce4 in left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1836F84B8205F84E" bold="true" box="[840,854,1986,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">G</emphasis>
, Ce5 in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1F6FF84B854CF84E" bold="true" box="[1041,1055,1986,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">H</emphasis>
, Ce5 in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1FB3F84B8580F84E" bold="true" box="[1229,1235,1986,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">I</emphasis>
, Ce5 in left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1EDEF84B84F9F84E" bold="true" box="[1440,1450,1986,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">J</emphasis>
, Ce6 in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1A4AF8518012F874" bold="true" box="[308,321,2008,2025]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">K</emphasis>
, Ce6 in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1A91F85180A9F874" bold="true" box="[495,506,2008,2025]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">L</emphasis>
, Ce6 in left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E19B8F8518384F874" bold="true" box="[710,727,2008,2025]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">M</emphasis>
, Ce7 in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E18EFF85182CCF874" bold="true" box="[913,927,2008,2025]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">N</emphasis>
, Ce7 in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6F446E1F33F851850FF874" bold="true" box="[1101,1116,2008,2025]" pageId="30" pageNumber="59">O</emphasis>
, Ce7 in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFDD083F6FD1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671184/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" startId="31.[132,143,601,618]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,558]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6E446F1BFAFDD083F6FD1C" blockId="31.[132,1456,533,641]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6E446F1BFAFDD081CEFDF4" baselines="614,614" box="[132,157,601,618]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 19. — Third cervical vertebra of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6E446F1ACFFDD08326FDF7" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[433,629,601,618]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1ACFFDD08326FDF7" box="[433,629,601,618]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6E446F1904FDD083BFFDF7" box="[634,748,601,618]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(paratype, MNHN.F.PPI269):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F189FFDD082BDFDF7" bold="true" box="[993,1006,601,618]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
, cervical vertebra in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1E70FDD08448FDF7" bold="true" box="[1294,1307,601,618]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">B</emphasis>
, same vertebra in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1B93FDF981A8FD1C" bold="true" box="[237,251,624,641]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">C</emphasis>
, same vertebra in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" startId="31.[132,143,680,697]" targetBox="[134,1425,800,1127]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="31" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B" blockId="31.[132,1455,680,742]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C6E446F1BFAFD2181E1FD25" baselines="693,693" box="[132,178,680,697]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
11. — Measurements (in mm) of the thoracic, lumbar, and caudal vertebrae of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6E446F1824FD21854EFD24" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[858,1053,680,697]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1824FD21854EFD24" box="[858,1053,680,697]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6E446F1F5FFD2185C0FD24" box="[1057,1171,680,697]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276).
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1EFEFD2184D8FD24" bold="true" box="[1408,1419,680,697]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1A84FD368356FD4D" bold="true" box="[506,517,703,720]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">&gt;</emphasis>
, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1BC5FD5C8184FD7B" bold="true" box="[187,215,725,742]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6E446F1907FCA9842CFBFA" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<table id="F90A80E44C6EBB8F1BF8FCA984C2FBFA" box="[134,1425,800,1127]" gridcols="9" gridrows="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FCA984C2FCA9" box="[134,1425,800,820]" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FCA983ADFCA9" box="[589,766,800,820]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1907FCA9839EFCA9" bold="true" box="[633,717,800,820]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">thoracic</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FCA985DDFCA9" box="[1095,1166,800,820]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1F39FCA985DDFCA9" bold="true" box="[1095,1166,800,820]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">lumbar</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FCA984C2FCA9" box="[1357,1425,800,820]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1E33FCA984C2FCA9" bold="true" box="[1357,1425,800,820]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">caudal</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FCB684C2FCCE" box="[134,1425,831,851]" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FCB6802AFCCE" box="[134,377,831,851]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1BF8FCB681BFFCCE" bold="true" box="[134,236,831,851]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFCB683D1FCCE" box="[451,642,831,851]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1ABBFCB6832EFCCE" bold="true" box="[453,637,831,851]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Anterior thoracics</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFCB682DFFCCE" box="[708,908,831,851]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F19BAFCB682D4FCCE" bold="true" box="[708,903,831,851]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Posterior thoracics</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FCB68576FCCE" box="[940,1061,831,851]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F18A2FCB682A6FCCE" bold="true" box="[988,1013,831,851]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">L3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FCB685DDFCCE" box="[1095,1166,831,851]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1F20FCB68524FCCE" bold="true" box="[1118,1143,831,851]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">L4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FCB68454FCCE" box="[1245,1287,831,851]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1F9EFCB685AAFCCE" bold="true" box="[1248,1273,831,851]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">L5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FCB684C2FCCE" box="[1357,1425,831,851]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1E25FCB684D1FCCE" bold="true" box="[1371,1410,831,851]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Ca2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FCEB84C2FCEB" box="[134,1425,866,886]" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FCEB802AFCEB" box="[134,377,866,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Overall, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFCEB8356FCEB" box="[451,517,866,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FCEB83D1FCEB" box="[589,642,866,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFCEB83ADFCEB" box="[708,766,866,886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">76.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFCEB82DFFCEB" box="[836,908,866,886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">&gt; 90.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FCEB8576FCEB" box="[940,1061,866,886]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">75.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FCEB85DDFCEB" box="[1095,1166,866,886]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FCEB8454FCEB" box="[1245,1287,866,886]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FCEB84C2FCEB" box="[1357,1425,866,886]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FCF384C2FC0D" box="[134,1425,890,912]" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FCF3802AFC0D" box="[134,377,890,912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Overall, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFCF38356FC0D" box="[451,517,890,912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FCF383D1FC0D" box="[589,642,890,912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFCF383ADFC0D" box="[708,766,890,912]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">46.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFCF382DFFC0D" box="[836,908,890,912]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">47.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FCF38576FC0D" box="[940,1061,890,912]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">45 × 2 = 90e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FCF385DDFC0D" box="[1095,1166,890,912]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FCF38454FC0D" box="[1245,1287,890,912]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FCF384C2FC0D" box="[1357,1425,890,912]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FC1B84C2FC3B" box="[134,1425,914,934]" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FC1B802AFC3B" box="[134,377,914,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Body, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFC1B8356FC3B" box="[451,517,914,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">38.0e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FC1B83D1FC3B" box="[589,642,914,934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">39.0e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFC1B83ADFC3B" box="[708,766,914,934]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">43.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFC1B82DFFC3B" box="[836,908,914,934]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">37.3e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FC1B8576FC3B" box="[940,1061,914,934]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">58.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FC1B85DDFC3B" box="[1095,1166,914,934]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">58.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FC1B8454FC3B" box="[1245,1287,914,934]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">52.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FC1B84C2FC3B" box="[1357,1425,914,934]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">32.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FC2384C2FC23" box="[134,1425,938,958]" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FC23802AFC23" box="[134,377,938,958]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Body, height (anterior)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFC238356FC23" box="[451,517,938,958]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">&gt;28.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FC2383D1FC23" box="[589,642,938,958]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFC2383ADFC23" box="[708,766,938,958]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">28.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFC2382DFFC23" box="[836,908,938,958]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FC238576FC23" box="[940,1061,938,958]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">34e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FC2385DDFC23" box="[1095,1166,938,958]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">33.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FC238454FC23" box="[1245,1287,938,958]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FC2384C2FC23" box="[1357,1425,938,958]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FC4B84C2FC4B" box="[134,1425,962,982]" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FC4B802AFC4B" box="[134,377,962,982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Body, width (anterior)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFC4B8356FC4B" box="[451,517,962,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FC4B83D1FC4B" box="[589,642,962,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFC4B83ADFC4B" box="[708,766,962,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">21.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFC4B82DFFC4B" box="[836,908,962,982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FC4B8576FC4B" box="[940,1061,962,982]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">41.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FC4B85DDFC4B" box="[1095,1166,962,982]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FC4B8454FC4B" box="[1245,1287,962,982]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">39.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FC4B84C2FC4B" box="[1357,1425,962,982]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FC5284C2FC72" box="[134,1425,987,1007]" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FC52802AFC72" box="[134,377,987,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Body, height (posterior)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFC528356FC72" box="[451,517,987,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FC5283D1FC72" box="[589,642,987,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">27.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFC5283ADFC72" box="[708,766,987,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">27.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFC5282DFFC72" box="[836,908,987,1007]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">28.8e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FC528576FC72" box="[940,1061,987,1007]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">33e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FC5285DDFC72" box="[1095,1166,987,1007]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FC528454FC72" box="[1245,1287,987,1007]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">35.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FC5284C2FC72" box="[1357,1425,987,1007]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">17.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FC7A84C2FB9A" box="[134,1425,1011,1031]" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FC7A802AFB9A" box="[134,377,1011,1031]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Body, width (posterior)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFC7A8356FB9A" box="[451,517,1011,1031]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">28.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FC7A83D1FB9A" box="[589,642,1011,1031]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFC7A83ADFB9A" box="[708,766,1011,1031]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFC7A82DFFB9A" box="[836,908,1011,1031]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">31.7e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FC7A8576FB9A" box="[940,1061,1011,1031]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">29.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FC7A85DDFB9A" box="[1095,1166,1011,1031]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">39.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FC7A8454FB9A" box="[1245,1287,1011,1031]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FC7A84C2FB9A" box="[1357,1425,1011,1031]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">22.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FB8284C2FB82" box="[134,1425,1035,1055]" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FB82802AFB82" box="[134,377,1035,1055]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Neural arch, canal, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFB828356FB82" box="[451,517,1035,1055]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">31.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FB8283D1FB82" box="[589,642,1035,1055]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFB8283ADFB82" box="[708,766,1035,1055]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">27.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFB8282DFFB82" box="[836,908,1035,1055]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">30.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FB828576FB82" box="[940,1061,1035,1055]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">39.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FB8285DDFB82" box="[1095,1166,1035,1055]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">28.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FB828454FB82" box="[1245,1287,1035,1055]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">21.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FB8284C2FB82" box="[1357,1425,1035,1055]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FBAA84C2FBAA" box="[134,1425,1059,1079]" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FBAA802AFBAA" box="[134,377,1059,1079]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Neural canal, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFBAA8356FBAA" box="[451,517,1059,1079]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">19.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FBAA83D1FBAA" box="[589,642,1059,1079]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">20.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFBAA83ADFBAA" box="[708,766,1059,1079]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">26.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFBAA82DFFBAA" box="[836,908,1059,1079]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">22.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FBAA8576FBAA" box="[940,1061,1059,1079]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FBAA85DDFBAA" box="[1095,1166,1059,1079]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FBAA8454FBAA" box="[1245,1287,1059,1079]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">15.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FBAA84C2FBAA" box="[1357,1425,1059,1079]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FBB284C2FBD2" box="[134,1425,1083,1103]" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FBB2802AFBD2" box="[134,377,1083,1103]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Neural canal, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFBB28356FBD2" box="[451,517,1083,1103]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">24.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FBB283D1FBD2" box="[589,642,1083,1103]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">27.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFBB283ADFBD2" box="[708,766,1083,1103]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">24.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFBB282DFFBD2" box="[836,908,1083,1103]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">26.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FBB28576FBD2" box="[940,1061,1083,1103]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">25.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FBB285DDFBD2" box="[1095,1166,1083,1103]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FBB28454FBD2" box="[1245,1287,1083,1103]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">29.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FBB284C2FBD2" box="[1357,1425,1083,1103]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C6EBB8F1BF8FBDA84C2FBFA" box="[134,1425,1107,1127]" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<th id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1BF8FBDA802AFBFA" box="[134,377,1107,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Spinous process, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1ABDFBDA8356FBFA" box="[451,517,1107,1127]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">39.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1933FBDA83D1FBFA" box="[589,642,1107,1127]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F19BAFBDA83ADFBFA" box="[708,766,1107,1127]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">26.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F183AFBDA82DFFBFA" box="[836,908,1107,1127]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">40.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F18D2FBDA8576FBFA" box="[940,1061,1107,1127]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">21</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1F39FBDA85DDFBFA" box="[1095,1166,1107,1127]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1FA3FBDA8454FBFA" box="[1245,1287,1107,1127]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C6EBB8F1E33FBDA84C2FBFA" box="[1357,1425,1107,1127]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">n/a</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6E446F1BE5F9FB8255F971" blockId="31.[130,776,1204,1772]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
Overall, there are little significant characteristics setting these cervical vertebrae of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6E446F1AECF91B8354F931" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[402,519,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1AECF91B8354F931" box="[402,519,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6E446F1973F91A8306F930" box="[525,597,1683,1709]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
apart from other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6E446F1BFCF93B8055F951" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[130,262,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the notable exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6E446F1945F93B83F3F951" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[571,672,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1945F93B83F3F951" box="[571,672,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the cervical vertebrae are strongly elongated anteroposteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6E446F1BFAF89B8366F8B1" blockId="31.[132,776,1810,2028]" box="[132,565,1810,1836]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1BFAF89B8366F8B1" box="[132,565,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
Thoracic vertebrae (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C6E446F1A31F89B80C9F8B1" box="[335,410,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1196,1213]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1153]" captionTargetId="figure-82@32.[698,1267,213,778]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 20. — Anterior thoracic vertebrae of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, D, thoracic vertebrae in anterior view; B, E, same vertebrae in dorsal view; C, F, same vertebrae in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671188/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Figs 20</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C6E446F1AD6F89B8097F8B1" box="[424,452,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1854,1871]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1271,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-214@32.[698,1267,1270,1819]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 21. — Middle thoracic vertebrae of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, middle thoracic vertebrae in anterior view; B, the same vertebra in dorsal view; C, the same vertebra in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671190/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">21</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C6E446F1AAFF89B837FF8B1" box="[465,556,1810,1836]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="31.[132,143,680,697]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="TABLE 11. — Measurements (in mm) of the thoracic, lumbar, and caudal vertebrae of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B">Table 11</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6E446F1BFAF8B8852EF8B1" blockId="31.[132,776,1810,2028]" lastBlockId="31.[810,1458,1204,2028]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">
Five thoracic vertebrae have been recovered for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6E446F19ECF8B881ACF8F6" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F19ECF8B881ACF8F6" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6E446F1A75F8DB80E7F8F1" box="[267,436,1874,1900]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
All belong to the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C6E446F19E7F8D88251F8F6" box="[665,770,1873,1899]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C6E446F1BFAF8FB81B1F811" box="[132,226,1906,1932]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276. Two are still in articulation after preparation and for one, only a small portion of the centrum is preserved. As has been suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6E446F1975F8388253F856" author="DEWAELE L. &amp; AMSON E. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S." box="[523,768,1969,1995]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" pagination="3316" refId="ref46942" refString="DEWAELE L., AMSON E., LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2017 b. - Reappraisal of the extinct seal ' Phoca ' vitulinoides from the Neogene of the North Sea Basin, with bearings on its geological age, phylogenetic affinities, and locomotion. PeerJ 5: e 3316. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 3316" type="journal article" year="2017">
Dewaele
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1910F83B83F1F856" box="[622,674,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
(2017b)
</bibRefCitation>
, the thoracic vertebrae can arbitrarily be separated in anterior, middle and posterior series. The anterior and posterior series are characterized by the fact that each vertebra articulates with one rib, i.e., each vertebra has only one costal fovea on each side. The middle thoracic vertebrae articulate with two ribs each, one rib at the contact with the anterior vertebra and one rib at the contact with the posterior vertebra. The shape of the transverse process has been noted to change dramatically along the series of thoracic vertebrae. Of the preserved thoracic vertebrae, two are anterior thoracic vertebrae and the two articulating vertebrae are middle thoracic vertebrae.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6E446F1852FA7A857EF990" author="EVANS H. E. &amp; DE LAHUNTA A." box="[812,1069,1523,1549]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" refId="ref47536" refString="EVANS H. E. &amp; DE LAHUNTA A. 2013. - Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, Fourth Edition. Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, 850 p." type="book" year="2013">Evans &amp; Lahunta (2013</bibRefCitation>
, for the domesticated dog) and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C6E446F1E05FA7A82EEF9B1" author="RULE J. P. &amp; ADAMS J. W. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G." pageId="31" pageNumber="60" pagination="1160 - 1180" refId="ref49584" refString="RULE J. P., ADAMS J. W. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G. 2020 d. - Colonization of the ancient southern oceans by small-sized Phocidae: new evidence from Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 1160 - 1180. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlaa 075" type="journal article" year="2020">
Rule
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1853F99A820CF9B1" box="[813,863,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
(2020d)
</bibRefCitation>
employ another separator for the series of thoracic vertebrae:the distinction between preanticlinal vertebrae, the anticlinal vertebra (T11), and the postanticlinal vertebrae. The anticlinal vertebra has a distinct contact between the prezygapophysis and the anterior costal fovea. Furthermore, post-anticlinal vertebrae lack the postzygapophysis. As shown in the description below, these characteristics confirm that the preserved thoracic vertebrae of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C6E446F1F08F97B85BFF891" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1142,1260,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C6E446F1F08F97B85BFF891" box="[1142,1260,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C6E446F1F8DF97B846FF891" box="[1267,1340,1778,1804]" pageId="31" pageNumber="60" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are indeed from positions anterior to T11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C6E4451183DF8B8801AFB13" blockId="31.[810,1458,1204,2028]" lastBlockId="33.[130,777,630,1262]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="31" pageNumber="60">The vertebral bodies are subcylindrical, with a slightly convexly curving dorsal margin in the two anterior thoracic vertebrae and flat dorsal margin in the two middle thoracic vertebrae.The anterior and posterior articular surfaces are oval in the former two, and semicircular in the latter two vertebrae. A ventral keel runs along the ventral margin of the centrum in all specimens. This keel is equally developed along its entire length in each vertebra. In the anterior thoracic vertebrae, a circular and concave costal fovea is located centrally on the lateral surface of the centrum, facing rather ventrally to ventrolaterally. In the middle thoracic vertebrae, there is a small, lens-shaped and concave costal fovea on the centrum, anterodorsal and posterodorsal on the lateral surface of the centrum. The neural canal is triangular in cross-section. The neural arch is large and wide, with the transverse process located on the arch. The transverse process is a robust knob projecting laterally, with a well-developed concave costal fovea on the ventrolateral margin.The prezygapophysis is located at the horizontal level of the transverse process, but projecting anteriorly. The prezygapophysis is located anterolateral to the anterior articular surface of the body in the anterior thoracic vertebrae, having prezygapophyseal articular facets facing dorsomedially. In contrast, in the middle thoracic vertebrae, the prezygapophysis is located anterior to the anterior articular surface of the body, and the prezygapophyseal articular facet faces dorsally. The postzygapophysis is slim and simple, facing ventrally to lateroventrally in different specimens.The postzygapophysis extends posterior to posterior articular surface. The spinous process is long, slightly tapering dorsally, and slightly slanted posteriorly.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5144501BFAFB25827EFB49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671188/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="61" startId="32.[132,143,1196,1213]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1153]" targetPageId="32" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5144501BFAFB25827EFB49" blockId="32.[132,1455,1196,1322]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5144501BFAFB2581CEFB20" baselines="1209,1210" box="[132,157,1196,1213]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 20. — Anterior thoracic vertebrae of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5144501AABFB2583CAFB20" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[469,665,1196,1213]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="32" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501AABFB2583CAFB20" box="[469,665,1196,1213]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C51445019E0FB258243FB20" box="[670,784,1196,1213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501F7DFB258543FB20" bold="true" box="[1027,1040,1196,1213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501F64FB25857BFB20" bold="true" box="[1050,1064,1196,1213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
, thoracic vertebrae in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501E2BFB258431FB20" bold="true" box="[1365,1378,1196,1213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501E12FB25842BFB20" bold="true" box="[1388,1400,1196,1213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">E</emphasis>
, same vertebrae in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501A2BFB4A8030FB49" bold="true" box="[341,355,1219,1236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501A13FB4A802BFB49" bold="true" box="[365,376,1219,1236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">F</emphasis>
, same vertebrae in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5144501BFAF8B78227F8FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671190" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671190/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="61" startId="32.[132,143,1854,1871]" targetBox="[132,1455,1271,1818]" targetPageId="32" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5144501BFAF8B78227F8FB" blockId="32.[132,1455,1854,1894]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5144501BFAF8B781CEF8D2" baselines="1867,1868" box="[132,157,1854,1871]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 21. — Middle thoracic vertebrae of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5144501A91F8B783E7F8D2" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[495,692,1854,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="32" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501A91F8B783E7F8D2" box="[495,692,1854,1871]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C51445019C7F8B7827EF8D2" box="[697,813,1854,1871]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501F5CF8B7857CF8D2" bold="true" box="[1058,1071,1854,1871]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
, middle thoracic vertebrae in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501EE3F8B784F9F8D2" bold="true" box="[1437,1450,1854,1871]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
, the same vertebra in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5144501AE3F8DC80F8F8FB" bold="true" box="[413,427,1877,1894]" pageId="32" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
, the same vertebra in left lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5044511BFAFF5283A4FE87" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C5044511BFAFF5283A4FE87" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5044511BFAFF5283A4FE87" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" startId="33.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,763,340,564]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="33" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511BFAFF5283A4FE87" blockId="33.[132,775,219,282]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5044511BFAFF5281E1FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
12. — Measurements (in mm) of the sacrum of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511920FF5281F5FE9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511920FF5281F5FE9E" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5044511BD2FF7B8072FE9E" box="[172,289,242,259]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C50445119F0FF7B83CAFE9E" bold="true" box="[654,665,242,259]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511ADBFE808092FE87" bold="true" box="[421,449,265,282]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511BF8FEDD83B3FDA9" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<table id="F90A80E44C50BB8F1BF8FEDD83A8FDA9" box="[134,763,340,564]" colsContinueIn="51.[814,1431,317,439]" gridcols="2" gridrows="9" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<tr id="353A70064C50BB8F1BF8FEDD83A8FEF5" box="[134,763,340,360]" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<th id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1BF8FEDD8082FEF5" box="[134,465,340,360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511BF8FEDD81BFFEF5" bold="true" box="[134,236,340,360]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1A90FEDD83A8FEF5" box="[494,763,340,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511A90FEDD83A8FEF5" bold="true" box="[494,763,340,360]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">MNHN.F.PPI276 (holotype)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C50BB8F1BF8FEFB83A8FE1B" box="[134,763,370,390]" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1A90FEFB83A8FE1B" box="[494,763,370,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511964FEFB8386FE1B" bold="true" box="[538,725,370,390]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">left right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C50BB8F1BF8FE1983A8FE39" box="[134,763,400,420]" gridrow="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1BF8FE198082FE39" box="[134,465,400,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Overall, length</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1A90FE1983A8FE39" box="[494,763,400,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">111.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C50BB8F1BF8FE2183A8FE23" box="[134,763,424,446]" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1BF8FE218082FE23" box="[134,465,424,446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Anterior portion, total width across</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1A90FE2183A8FE23" box="[494,763,424,446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">61.4 × 2 = 122.8e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C50BB8F1BF8FE4983A8FE49" box="[134,763,448,468]" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1BF8FE498082FE49" box="[134,465,448,468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Anterior articular facet, height</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1A90FE4983A8FE49" box="[494,763,448,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">34.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C50BB8F1BF8FE5183A8FE71" box="[134,763,472,492]" gridrow="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1BF8FE518082FE71" box="[134,465,472,492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Anterior articular facet, width</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1A90FE5183A8FE71" box="[494,763,472,492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">35.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C50BB8F1BF8FE7983A8FD99" box="[134,763,496,516]" gridrow="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1BF8FE798082FD99" box="[134,465,496,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Wings, width across</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1A90FE7983A8FD99" box="[494,763,496,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">n/a 45.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C50BB8F1BF8FD8183A8FD81" box="[134,763,520,540]" gridrow="7" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1BF8FD818082FD81" box="[134,465,520,540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Wings, height of the lateral margin</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1A90FD8183A8FD81" box="[494,763,520,540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">n/a 28.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C50BB8F1BF8FDA983A8FDA9" box="[134,763,544,564]" gridrow="8" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1BF8FDA98082FDA9" box="[134,465,544,564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Wings, height at the medial margin</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C50BB8F1A90FDA983A8FDA9" box="[494,763,544,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">n/a 36.6e</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511BE5FB1D83CDFB73" blockId="33.[130,777,630,1262]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
In addition, multiple rib fragments have been preserved for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511BFCFB3D81ABFB53" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[130,248,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511BFCFB3D81ABFB53" box="[130,248,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5044511A7CFB3D801CFB53" box="[258,335,1204,1230]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but they are too incompletely preserved to allow an adequate description and comparison.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511BFAFA9A835BFAB3" blockId="33.[130,777,1299,2028]" box="[132,520,1299,1326]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5044511BFAFA9A835BFAB3" box="[132,520,1299,1326]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511BFAFA9A835BFAB3" box="[132,520,1299,1326]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
Lumbar vertebrae (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5044511A32FA9D80C4FAB3" box="[332,407,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,143,1273,1290]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1233]" captionTargetId="figure-422@34.[698,1269,213,771]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 22. — Lumbar vertebrae of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype MNHN.F.PPI276): A-C, L3 in anterior, dorsal and right lateral views respectively; D, L4 in anterior view; E, F, articulated L4 and L5 in dorsal and left lateral views respectively. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671192/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Figs 22</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C5044511ADAFA9A80ACFAB3" box="[420,511,1299,1326]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="31.[132,143,680,697]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="TABLE 11. — Measurements (in mm) of the thoracic, lumbar, and caudal vertebrae of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B">Table 11</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511BFAFABD83F1F9B0" blockId="33.[130,777,1299,2028]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
For the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C5044511BA1FABA806CFAD0" box="[223,319,1331,1357]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511A17FABA830DFAD0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[361,606,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511A17FABA830DFAD0" box="[361,606,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C504451191BFABD8251FAD3" box="[613,770,1332,1358]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5044511BF8FADD81B0FAF3" box="[134,227,1364,1390]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276, a succession of three lumbar vertebrae have been preserved and the two posterior ones are still in articulation. Phocids have five lumbar vertebrae and the last one has a centrum distinctly shorter than the anterior ones. Because the posterior vertebra of the series has a centrum conspicuously shorter than the anterior one, we interpret it as the L5. Therefore, the other two are L4 and L3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511BE5F9BB8318F971" blockId="33.[130,777,1299,2028]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">The centra of the lumbar vertebrae are subcylindrical, with a slightly flattened dorsal surface. The anterior and posterior articular surfaces are shaped accordingly: oval, with a (slightly) flatter dorsal margin. The anterior one of the two articulating lumbar vertebrae has two hemal processes on the posterior portion of the ventral margin of the body.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511BE5F97B8305F871" blockId="33.[130,777,1299,2028]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">The neural canal is triangular in cross-section. The neural arch is anteroposteriorly elongate. The prezygapophysis is large, curving dorsolaterally. The prezygapophysis extends anterior to the anterior articular surface of the centrum. The prezygapophyseal articular facet is teardrop-shaped and concave, positioned anteriorly on the medial surface of the prezygapophysis.Dorsolateral to the prezygapophyseal articular facet is a thick, robust mammillary process.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C504451183DFF5E85B9FEAC" blockId="33.[811,1457,215,784]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">The postzygapophysis is simple, slim, and flattened. It projects posteriorly. The postzygapophyseal articular facet is teardrop-shaped and faces ventrolaterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C504451183DFEBE8561FE4D" blockId="33.[811,1457,215,784]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">The dorsoventrally flattened transverse processes are strongly anterolaterally projecting, with only a slight ventral aspect. Two transverse processes are completely preserved in two incomplete lumbar vertebrae of strongly differ in length and anteroposterior breadth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C504451183DFE5F8512FC8D" blockId="33.[811,1457,215,784]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
The only completely preserved spinous process of a lumbar vertebra of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C50445118B1FE7F8516FD8D" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[975,1093,502,528]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C50445118B1FE7F8516FD8D" box="[975,1093,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5044511F32FE7E85C5FD8C" box="[1100,1174,503,529]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is that of L3. It is low and projects straight dorsally. It is much lower than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511E3BFD9F84FCFDAD" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1349,1455,534,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511E3BFD9F84FCFDAD" box="[1349,1455,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, in lateral view, it is broader at its base. The apex of the spinous process is remarkably flattened dorsally and strongly widened transversely and forms a characteristic plateau. This robustness indicates a strong attachment of the supraspinous ligament, which is therefore likely to have been very powerful. On the whole, this morphology is very similar to that of the lumbars of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C50445118AEFD7C8569FC92" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[976,1082,757,783]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C50445118AEFD7C8569FC92" box="[976,1082,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511853FCBC8514FCD2" blockId="33.[810,1457,821,1645]" box="[813,1095,821,847]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5044511853FCBC8514FCD2" box="[813,1095,821,847]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511853FCBC8514FCD2" box="[813,1095,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
Sacrum (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C50445118F2FCBF8284FCD2" box="[908,983,821,847]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-187@35.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 23. — Pelvis (innominates cemented to the sacrum) of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, pelvis in right lateral view; B, the same pelvis in left lateral view; C, corresponding line drawing for A; D, the same pelvis in dorsal view. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671194/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C504451189DFCBC856DFCD2" box="[995,1086,821,847]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="33.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="TABLE 12. — Measurements (in mm) of the sacrum of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5044511BFAFF5283A4FE87" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C5044511BFAFF5283A4FE87">Table 12</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511853FCDC85B6FC52" blockId="33.[810,1457,821,1645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
The sacrum of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C504451188EFCDC851CFCF2" box="[1008,1103,853,879]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511F13FCDC840AFCF2" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1133,1369,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511F13FCDC840AFCF2" box="[1133,1369,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5044511E1EFCDF823AFC12" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C504451180BFCFC8280FC12" box="[885,979,885,911]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276, remains in articulation with both innominates after preparation. The dorsal and left lateral portions of the sacrum are strongly abraded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C504451183DFC5D8431FA50" blockId="33.[810,1457,821,1645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
The sacrum consists of three fused sacral vertebrae (char. 56[1]). This strongly conforms with other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511FA2FC7D8431FB93" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1244,1378,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
: among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511854FB9D82DCFBB3" box="[810,911,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C50445118E4FB9D8573FBB3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[922,1056,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
have three fused sacral vertebrae and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511852FBBD82DCFBD3" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[812,911,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
four fused sacral vertebrae. The only known exception may be the extinct phocine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511F08FBDD8431FBF3" baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1142,1378,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Nanophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulinoides">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511F08FBDD8431FBF3" box="[1142,1378,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Nanophoca vitulinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having a notable record of individuals with only three fused sacral vertebrae. The promontory, the anterior articular surface of the first sacral vertebra, is small and subrounded. The sacral wings are proportionally large, and the width across the entire anterior portion of the sacrum (both wings + promontory) is well over three times as large as the width across the promontory. In addition, the sacral wing is ventrally curving, and the ventrolateral tip of the wing extends conspicuously ventral to the ventral margin of the promontory. Such a strong ventral deflection of the sacral wings is a characteristic that has been observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C50445118D1FA3A8546FA50" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[943,1045,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, but not in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511FAAFA3A840DFA50" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1236,1374,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C504451183DFA5A84FEF9F1" blockId="33.[810,1457,821,1645]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">The state of preservation of the specimen precludes further detailed description. However, it can be noted that the prezygapophyseal articular facet of S1 is slightly concave and oriented rather dorsally than dorsomedially, the preserved sacral foramina are large and oval, and the lateral sacral crest is thin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511853F91B8580F931" blockId="33.[811,1457,1682,2028]" box="[813,1235,1682,1708]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5044511853F91B8580F931" box="[813,1235,1682,1708]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511853F91B8580F931" box="[813,1235,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
Caudal vertebrae (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5044511893F91A856AF931" box="[1005,1081,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-187@35.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 23. — Pelvis (innominates cemented to the sacrum) of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, pelvis in right lateral view; B, the same pelvis in left lateral view; C, corresponding line drawing for A; D, the same pelvis in dorsal view. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671194/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Figs 23</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5044511F39F91B8530F931" box="[1095,1123,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[132,143,1638,1655]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1184,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-397@35.[131,889,1183,1597]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 24. — Caudal vertebra of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp.(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, second caudal vertebra in anterior view;B, the same vertebra in dorsal view; C, the same vertebra in right lateral view. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671196/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">24</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C5044511F11F91B8599F931" box="[1135,1226,1682,1708]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="31.[132,143,680,697]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="TABLE 11. — Measurements (in mm) of the thoracic, lumbar, and caudal vertebrae of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C6E446F1BFAFD21835EFD7B">Table 11</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5044511853F93A84CDF876" blockId="33.[811,1457,1682,2028]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">
Fragments of six caudal vertebrae of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C5044511FBDF93B844CF951" box="[1219,1311,1714,1740]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5044511E45F93B82CEF971" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5044511E45F93B82CEF971" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C50445118DAF95B8569F971" box="[932,1082,1746,1772]" pageId="33" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5044511F39F95B85F7F971" box="[1095,1188,1746,1772]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276, are preserved. The first caudal vertebra is currently still in articulation to the sacrum via sediment (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5044511F6BF89B850CF8B1" box="[1045,1119,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-187@35.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 23. — Pelvis (innominates cemented to the sacrum) of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, pelvis in right lateral view; B, the same pelvis in left lateral view; C, corresponding line drawing for A; D, the same pelvis in dorsal view. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671194/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="62">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). The state of preservation does not allow a more detailed description. The other preserved caudal vertebrae are simple in their overall morphology. They are elongate, approximately twice as long as they are high and with stubby protuberances as the relics of a strongly reduced neural arch and transverse apophyses, resulting in a sub-square appearance of the anterior and posterior articular surfaces.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5344521BFAFB708540FABD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671192" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671192/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" startId="34.[132,143,1273,1290]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1233]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5344521BFAFB708540FABD" blockId="34.[132,1457,1273,1312]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5344521BFAFB7081CEFA94" baselines="1286,1286" box="[132,157,1273,1290]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 22. — Lumbar vertebrae of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521AF5FB70831CFA97" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[395,591,1273,1290]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521AF5FB70831CFA97" box="[395,591,1273,1290]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C534452192DFB708396FA97" box="[595,709,1273,1290]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C53445218CDFB708286FA97" bold="true" box="[947,981,1273,1290]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">A -C</emphasis>
, L3 in anterior, dorsal and right lateral views respectively;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521BFAFA8681C1FABD" bold="true" box="[132,146,1295,1312]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
, L4 in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521A41FA868018FABD" bold="true" box="[319,331,1295,1312]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521A2BFA868033FABD" bold="true" box="[341,352,1295,1312]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">F</emphasis>
, articulated L4 and L5 in dorsal and left lateral views respectively. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5344521BFAFADD80B8FAF1" blockId="34.[131,777,1364,2028]" box="[132,491,1364,1390]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5344521B84FAD08014FAF1" baselines="1383" box="[250,327,1369,1388]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="girdle" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">GIRDLE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5344521A30FAD0802FFAF1" baselines="1383" box="[334,380,1369,1388]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5344521A30FAD0802FFAF1" box="[334,380,1369,1388]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">AND</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5344521AFDFAD080B8FAF1" baselines="1383" box="[387,491,1369,1388]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="forelimb" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">FORELIMB</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5344521BFAFAFA80F2FA10" blockId="34.[131,777,1364,2028]" box="[132,417,1395,1421]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521BFAFAFA80F2FA10" box="[132,417,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">
Scapula (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5344521B9BFAFD8063FA10" box="[229,304,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="36.[132,143,1530,1547]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-226@36.[131,1267,759,943]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIG. 25. — Left scapula of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left scapula in lateral view; B, the same scapula in medial view; C, articular area of the same scapula in ventral view;D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas marked by dashed lines in (D) indicate origin areas of musculus infraspinatus, musculus supraspinatus, and musculus teres major (abbreviated as m. infraspinatus, m. supraspinatus, and m. ter. maj., respectively). Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, 10 cm; C, F, 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671200/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C5344521A43FAFA80CBFA10" box="[317,408,1395,1421]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="37.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="TABLE 13. — Measurements (in mm) of the scapula of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5444551BFAFF5283A4FE87" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C5444551BFAFF5283A4FE87">Table 13</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5344521BFAFA1A8388FA70" blockId="34.[131,777,1364,2028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">
The left scapula of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C5344521AF6FA1A80BAFA30" box="[392,489,1427,1453]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C534452196AFA1A825BFA30" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[532,776,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C534452196AFA1A825BFA30" box="[532,776,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5344521BFAFA3A8045FA50" box="[132,278,1459,1485]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is well preserved and virtually complete. Only the distal articular part of the right scapula is preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5344521BE5FA7A83C2F871" blockId="34.[131,777,1364,2028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">
The glenoid cavity is incompletely preserved, but roughly teardrop-shaped or sub-triangular and with thin and gracile lateral and ventral margins. It is moderately concave: not as strongly concave as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521AD9F9DB8341F9F1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[423,530,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521AD9F9DB8341F9F1" box="[423,530,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but more so than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521BF8F9FB81A4F911" box="[134,247,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521BF8F9FB81A4F911" box="[134,247,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The supraglenoid tubercle, the origin area of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521BF8F91A8017F931" box="[134,324,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">m. biceps brachii,</emphasis>
is moderately developed as well, resembling the condition in the extant
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C534452197CF93B825AF951" box="[514,777,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C534452197CF93B833FF951" box="[514,620,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hydrurga</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521907F93B825AF951" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[633,777,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptonychotes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521BC6F95B8066F971" box="[184,309,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
; it is more prominent than in the extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521BF8F97B81A6F891" box="[134,245,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521BF8F97B81A6F891" box="[134,245,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but less so than in the other extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521900F97B8254F891" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[638,775,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
and the extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521A4CF89B80CDF8B1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[306,414,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521A4CF89B80CDF8B1" box="[306,414,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The neck is well-delineated and moderately long, conforming with most other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521906F8B88257F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[632,772,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. The neck is shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521ABEF8D8837FF8F6" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[448,556,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521ABEF8D8837FF8F6" box="[448,556,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C534452191BF8D88253F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[613,768,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C534452191BF8D88253F8F6" box="[613,768,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but longer than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521A21F8F88084F816" box="[351,471,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521A21F8F88084F816" box="[351,471,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521A99F8F88382F816" authority=", Monachini" authorityName="Monachini" box="[487,721,1905,1932]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521A99F8F88310F816" box="[487,579,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Lobodon</emphasis>
, Monachini
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521BFAF81881A6F836" box="[132,245,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521BFAF81881A6F836" box="[132,245,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The posterolateral portion of the neck is only weakly developed, showing a rather weak development of the origin area of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521A37F85B83D9F876" box="[329,650,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">m. triceps brachii caput longus</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C534452183DFADA85A0F891" blockId="34.[810,1457,1363,2028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">
The scapular spine, dividing the lateral surface of the scapula, is very low along most of the length of the spine (char. 59[1]), but, on its distal end, the acromion forms a small but prominent anteriorly facing hook-like process,which features a teardrop shape (char. 58[1]). Whereas the scapular spine is elevated along the entire length and doesn’t terminate anteriorly in a well-developed acromion in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C53445218D6F99B855BF9B1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[936,1032,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, it is generally lowly-raised in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521E59F99B84FAF9B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1319,1449,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, raised anteriorly, and terminating in a well-developed acromion anteriorly. Nevertheless, it rarely forms a hook-like spine, as is observed only in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C53445218A7F9FB8518F911" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[985,1099,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C53445218A7F9FB8518F911" box="[985,1099,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5344521F2FF9FA85CBF910" box="[1105,1176,1651,1677]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521FB6F9FB84FFF911" authority=", Monachini" authorityName="Monachini" box="[1224,1452,1650,1677]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521FB6F9FB847AF911" box="[1224,1321,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Hydrurga</emphasis>
, Monachini
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521825F91B8296F931" box="[859,965,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521825F91B8296F931" box="[859,965,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The scapular spine of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521FC7F91B8478F931" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1209,1323,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521FC7F91B8478F931" box="[1209,1323,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5344521E4FF91A8429F930" box="[1329,1402,1683,1709]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
runs roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the scapula (char.60[0]), as in most
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C53445218E7F95B854DF971" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[921,1054,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521FE8F95A842DF971" authority=", Monachini" authorityName="Monachini" box="[1174,1406,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521FE8F95A85A8F971" box="[1174,1275,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Mirounga</emphasis>
, Monachini
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521853F97B82C4F891" box="[813,919,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521853F97B82C4F891" box="[813,919,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which it is oriented obliquely.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C534454183DF89B83E8F8B1" blockId="34.[810,1457,1363,2028]" lastBlockId="36.[131,777,1682,2027]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">
The scapular spine separates the supraspinous fossa (origin
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521828F8BB8555F8D6" box="[854,1030,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">m. supraspinatus</emphasis>
) from the infraspinous fossa (origin
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521EECF8BB82E4F8F1" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">m. infraspinatus</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C534452188BF8DB85DDF8F6" box="[1013,1166,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">m. teres major</emphasis>
). Both parts are approximately of equal size in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5344521F5EF8F885CBF816" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1056,1176,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5344521F5EF8F885CBF816" box="[1056,1176,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="63">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5344521FE1F8FB85BAF811" box="[1183,1257,1906,1932]" pageId="34" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(char. 61[2]). The supraspinous fossa is roughly semi-circular, with a vertically straight posterior border along the scapular spine, and a convex semi-circular anterior border. It is laterally convex with an irregular “wavy” surface. The infraspinous fossa is subtriangular, with the origin of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531A85F97A83F8F891" box="[507,683,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">m. Infraspinatus</emphasis>
roughly forming a right triangle, and the origin of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531910F89B825AF8B6" box="[622,777,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">m. teres major</emphasis>
forming a narrow triangular wedged just posteroventral to the former. The dorsal border of the scapular blade is gently convex, whereas the posterior border is slightly concave and strongly oriented posteroventrally, the ventral component being greater than the posterior one (char. 57[1]). This morphology corresponds with observations in most
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5244531905F8588250F876" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[635,771,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the notable exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5244531F03F95B845FF971" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1149,1292,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531F03F95B845FF971" box="[1149,1292,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5244531E65F95B8425F971" box="[1307,1398,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531E65F95B8425F971" box="[1307,1398,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531850F97B8283F891" box="[814,976,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5244531850F97B829FF891" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[814,972,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ommatophoca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
in which the posterior component is either equal to the ventral one, or distinctly greater. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5244531E3DF89B84F8F8B1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1347,1451,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the origin area for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C524453188BF8BB85DAF8D6" box="[1013,1161,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">m. teres major</emphasis>
is proportionally larger. In addition, in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C52445318C7F8D88572F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[953,1057,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the relative size of the surface area of the supraspinatus fossa is smaller than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5244531E5FF8F884FEF816" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1313,1453,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, thus reducing the size differences between the origins of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531EEDF81B82E4F856" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">m. Infraspinatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C52445318BBF83B8524F856" box="[965,1143,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">m. supraspinatus</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531FC8F83B841FF856" box="[1206,1356,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">m. teres major</emphasis>
. Also, in extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5244531808F8588557F876" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[886,1028,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, the supraspinous fossa does not project anteriorly as much as in
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541AEAF91B8254F931" box="[404,775,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5544541AEAF91B835BF931" box="[404,520,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piscophoca</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C554454196AF91B83D0F931" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[532,643,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Acrophoca</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C55445419F1F91B8254F931" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[655,775,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Magophoca</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5544541BFBF93A8182F950" box="[133,209,1715,1741]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5544541A76F93B80D3F951" box="[264,384,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
and its anterior border is less convex than in these latter taxa, giving the scapula a rather trapezoidal appearance. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5544541AFCF97A80BFF891" box="[386,492,1779,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541AFCF97A80BFF891" box="[386,492,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the cranial border of the scapula is angular and pointed, instead of rounded.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5244531BFAFBB68547FBE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671194/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" startId="35.[132,143,1087,1104]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1043]" targetPageId="35" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5244531BFAFBB68547FBE0" blockId="35.[132,1455,1087,1149]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5244531BFAFBB681CEFBD2" baselines="1100,1100" box="[132,157,1087,1104]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 23. — Pelvis (innominates cemented to the sacrum) of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C524453190DFBB6826BFBCD" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[627,824,1087,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C524453190DFBB6826BFBCD" box="[627,824,1087,1104]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5244531843FBB682E1FBCD" box="[829,946,1087,1104]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531FD6FBB685E6FBCD" bold="true" box="[1192,1205,1087,1104]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">A</emphasis>
, pelvis in right lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531EE3FBB684F9FBCD" bold="true" box="[1437,1450,1087,1104]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">B</emphasis>
, the same pelvis in left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531AD2FBDC80E9FBFB" bold="true" box="[428,442,1109,1126]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
, corresponding line drawing for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C52445319B2FBDC838AFBFB" bold="true" box="[716,729,1109,1126]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">A</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C524453199AFBDC83A1FBFB" bold="true" box="[740,754,1109,1126]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">D</emphasis>
, the same pelvis in dorsal view. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5244531BFAF9EF83B7F910" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671196/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" startId="35.[132,143,1638,1655]" targetBox="[132,1455,1184,1596]" targetPageId="35" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5244531BFAF9EF83B7F910" blockId="35.[132,1455,1638,1677]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5244531BFAF9EF81CEF9EB" baselines="1651,1651" box="[132,157,1638,1655]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 24. — Caudal vertebra of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5244531A07F9EF836EF9EA" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[377,573,1638,1655]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531A07F9EF836EF9EA" box="[377,573,1638,1655]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C524453193EF9EF83E2F9EA" box="[576,689,1638,1655]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C52445318DCF9EF82FCF9EA" bold="true" box="[930,943,1638,1655]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">A</emphasis>
, second caudal vertebra in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531E7AF9EF8442F9EA" bold="true" box="[1284,1297,1638,1655]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">B</emphasis>
, the same vertebra in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5244531A7FF9F5805CF910" bold="true" box="[257,271,1660,1677]" pageId="35" pageNumber="64">C</emphasis>
, the same vertebra in right lateral view. Scale bar: 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5544541BFAFA7385B2F9D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671200" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671200/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" startId="36.[132,143,1530,1547]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1488]" targetPageId="36" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5544541BFAFA7385B2F9D2" blockId="36.[132,1457,1530,1615]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5544541BFAFA7381CEF996" baselines="1543,1544" box="[132,157,1530,1547]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 25. — Left scapula of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5544541A21FA738370F996" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[351,547,1530,1547]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541A21FA738370F996" box="[351,547,1530,1547]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5544541956FA7383C8F996" box="[552,667,1530,1547]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C55445418F0FA7382C8F996" bold="true" box="[910,923,1530,1547]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">A</emphasis>
, left scapula in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541FFBFA7385C1F996" bold="true" box="[1157,1170,1530,1547]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">B</emphasis>
, the same scapula in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541BFAF99881C1F9BF" bold="true" box="[132,146,1553,1570]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">C</emphasis>
, articular area of the same scapula in ventral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C554454194BF9988305F9BF" bold="true" box="[565,598,1553,1570]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">D -F</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas marked by dashed lines in (
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541FD0F99885EFF9BF" bold="true" box="[1198,1212,1553,1570]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">D</emphasis>
) indicate origin areas of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541EFBF998804DF9A4" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">musculus infraspinatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541A57F9A180A2F9A4" box="[297,497,1576,1593]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">musculus supraspinatus</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C554454195EF9A18382F9A4" box="[544,721,1576,1593]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">musculus teres major</emphasis>
(abbreviated as
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541825F9A1828DF9A4" box="[859,990,1576,1593]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">m. infraspinatus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541897F9A18524F9A4" box="[1001,1143,1576,1593]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">m. supraspinatus</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541FDBF9A18457F9A4" box="[1189,1284,1576,1593]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">m. ter. maj.</emphasis>
, respectively). Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, 10 cm; C, F, 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5544541BE5F8B88009F876" blockId="36.[131,777,1682,2027]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">
The medial surface (subscapular fossa) of the scapular blade is subdivided into four fossae, in which the two median fossae are the largest. The small ridge separating the cranial subscapular fossa from the second is low, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5544541BF8F8388050F856" box="[134,259,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
, but in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5544541AA5F8388339F856" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[475,618,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, in which this ridge is prominent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5544541853F91A85D1F931" blockId="36.[811,1457,1682,2028]" box="[813,1154,1682,1708]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5544541853F91A85D1F931" box="[813,1154,1682,1708]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541853F91A85D1F931" box="[813,1154,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">
Humerus (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C55445418E2F91A82BBF931" box="[924,1000,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="38.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-28@38.[698,1267,770,1329]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 26. — Humeri of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, right humerus in anterior view; B, the same humerus in medial view; C, the same humerus in posterior view; D, the same humerus in lateral view; E, left humerus in anterior view; F, the same humerus in medial view; G, the same humerus in posterior view; H, the same humerus in lateral view; I-L, corresponding labelled line drawings of E-H. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671202/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">Figs 26</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5544541888F91B8541F931" box="[1014,1042,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="39.[132,143,905,922]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,863]" captionTargetId="figure-597@39.[698,1268,213,771]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIG. 27. — Right humerus referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI279): A, right humerus in anterior view; B, the same humerus in medial view; C, the same humerus in posterior view; D, the same humerus in lateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671204/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">27</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C5544541F60F91B852AF931" box="[1054,1145,1682,1708]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="37.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="TABLE 14. — Measurements (in mm) of the humerus of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5444551853FF5284E2FE87" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C5444551853FF5284E2FE87">Table 14</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5544541853F93B8568F836" blockId="36.[811,1457,1682,2028]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">
Both left and right humeri are preserved for the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C5544541E31F93B84FCF951" box="[1359,1455,1714,1740]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5544541850F95B82DBF971" box="[814,904,1746,1772]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276. The right humerus is significantly abraded on its medial side (medial region of the head and lesser tubercle, medial epicondyle and medial region of the trochlea). The left humerus shows only little abrasion, confined to the lesser tubercle and the medial epicondyle. Another referred specimen,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C55445418DEF8F882A8F816" box="[928,1019,1905,1931]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI279, also includes a relatively well-preserved right humerus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C554454183DF83884E3F876" blockId="36.[811,1457,1682,2028]" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">
The diaphysis of the humerus of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5544541FFCF838840DF856" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1154,1374,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5544541FFCF838840DF856" box="[1154,1374,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="65">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5544541E1BF83B8237F871" pageId="36" pageNumber="65" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is rather slender and gracile, as compared to other extinct
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5444551BFAFF5283A4FE87" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C5444551BFAFF5283A4FE87" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5444551BFAFF5283A4FE87" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" startId="37.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,757,340,615]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="37" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5444551BFAFF5283A4FE87" blockId="37.[132,775,219,282]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5444551BFAFF5281E1FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
13. — Measurements (in mm) of the scapula of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551920FF5281F5FE9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551920FF5281F5FE9E" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5444551BD2FF7B8072FE9E" box="[172,289,242,259]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C54445519F0FF7B83CAFE9E" bold="true" box="[654,665,242,259]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551ADBFE808092FE87" bold="true" box="[421,449,265,282]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5444551853FF5284E2FE87" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C5444551853FF5284E2FE87" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5444551853FF5284E2FE87" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" startId="37.[813,824,219,236]" targetBox="[814,1405,340,743]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="37" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5444551853FF5284E2FE87" blockId="37.[813,1457,219,282]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5444551853FF528209FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[813,858,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
14. — Measurements (in mm) of the humerus of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551E69FF528233FE9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551E69FF528233FE9E" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5444551819FF7B828DFE9E" box="[871,990,242,259]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551E2FFF7B840FFE9E" bold="true" box="[1361,1372,242,259]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551F1DFE8085D3FE87" bold="true" box="[1123,1152,265,282]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C544455192AFEDD83E4FDFA" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<table id="F90A80E44C54BB8F1BF8FEDD83A6FDFA" box="[134,757,340,615]" gridcols="2" gridrows="11" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FEDD83A6FEF5" box="[134,757,340,360]" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FEDD83A6FEF5" box="[134,757,340,360]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C544455192AFEDD83CFFEF5" box="[596,668,340,360]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FEE483A6FE1C" box="[134,757,365,385]" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FEE48345FE1C" box="[134,534,365,385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Character</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1922FEE483A6FE1C" box="[604,757,365,385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551922FEE483BEFE1C" bold="true" box="[604,749,365,385]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
(
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C544455191CFEE483EEFE1C" box="[610,701,365,385]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, left)
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FE1883A6FE38" box="[134,757,401,421]" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FE188345FE38" box="[134,534,401,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Overall, anteroposterior length</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1922FE1883A6FE38" box="[604,757,401,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">218.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FE2083A6FE20" box="[134,757,425,445]" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FE208345FE20" box="[134,534,425,445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Acromion, height</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1922FE2083A6FE20" box="[604,757,425,445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">20.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FE4883A6FE48" box="[134,757,449,469]" gridrow="4" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FE488345FE48" box="[134,534,449,469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Acromion, dorsoventral length of the base</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1922FE4883A6FE48" box="[604,757,449,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">24.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FE5283A6FE72" box="[134,757,475,495]" gridrow="5" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FE528345FE72" box="[134,534,475,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">of the acromion</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FE7A83A6FD9A" box="[134,757,499,519]" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FE7A8345FD9A" box="[134,534,499,519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Acromion, dorsoventral length of the apex</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1922FE7A83A6FD9A" box="[604,757,499,519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">15.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FD8283A6FD82" box="[134,757,523,543]" gridrow="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FD828345FD82" box="[134,534,523,543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Glenoid, height</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1922FD8283A6FD82" box="[604,757,523,543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FDAA83A6FDAA" box="[134,757,547,567]" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FDAA8345FDAA" box="[134,534,547,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Glenoid, height of articular surface</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1922FDAA83A6FDAA" box="[604,757,547,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C54445519F3FDAA8391FDAA" box="[653,706,547,567]" degrees="33.3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" precision="5555" value="33.3">33.3e</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FDB283A6FDD2" box="[134,757,571,591]" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FDB28345FDD2" box="[134,534,571,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Glenoid, width</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1922FDB283A6FDD2" box="[604,757,571,591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">22.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1BF8FDDA83A6FDFA" box="[134,757,595,615]" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1BF8FDDA8345FDFA" box="[134,534,595,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Glenoid, height neck</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1922FDDA83A6FDFA" box="[604,757,595,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">41.3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<table id="F90A80E44C54BB8F1850FEDD842EFD7A" box="[814,1405,340,743]" colsContinueIn="49.[814,1416,317,832]" gridcols="3" gridrows="15" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5444551FCDFEDD8439FD7A" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FEDD842EFEF5" box="[814,1405,340,360]" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FEDD842EFEF5" box="[814,1405,340,360]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551FCDFEDD8406FEF5" bold="true" box="[1203,1365,340,360]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">MNHN.F.PPI276</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FE05842EFE3D" box="[814,1405,396,416]" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FE05851EFE3D" box="[814,1101,396,416]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551850FE0582C7FE3D" bold="true" box="[814,916,396,416]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFE058581FE3D" box="[1169,1234,396,416]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551FE0FE0585EDFE3D" bold="true" box="[1182,1214,396,416]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FE05842EFE3D" box="[1340,1405,396,416]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551E3DFE058421FE3D" bold="true" box="[1347,1394,396,416]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FE26842EFE5E" box="[814,1405,431,451]" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FE26851EFE5E" box="[814,1101,431,451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Overall, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFE268581FE5E" box="[1169,1234,431,451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">142.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FE26842EFE5E" box="[1340,1405,431,451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">143.2e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FE4E842EFE46" box="[814,1405,455,475]" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FE4E851EFE46" box="[814,1101,455,475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Deltopectoral crest, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFE4E8581FE46" box="[1169,1234,455,475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">102.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FE4E842EFE46" box="[1340,1405,455,475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">102.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FE56842EFE6E" box="[814,1405,479,499]" gridrow="4" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FE56851EFE6E" box="[814,1101,479,499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Deltopectoral crest, proximal</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFE568581FE6E" box="[1169,1234,479,499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">69.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FE56842EFE6E" box="[1340,1405,479,499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">66.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FE70842EFD90" box="[814,1405,505,525]" gridrow="5" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FE70851EFD90" box="[814,1101,505,525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">length to deltoid tuberosity</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FD98842EFDB8" box="[814,1405,529,549]" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FD98851EFDB8" box="[814,1101,529,549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Deltopectoral crest, maximum</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFD988581FDB8" box="[1169,1234,529,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">47.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FD98842EFDB8" box="[1340,1405,529,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">47.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FDA2842EFDA2" box="[814,1405,555,575]" gridrow="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FDA2851EFDA2" box="[814,1101,555,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">anteroposterior breath</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FDCA842EFDCA" box="[814,1405,579,599]" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FDCA851EFDCA" box="[814,1101,579,599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Proximal epiphysis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFDCA8581FDCA" box="[1169,1234,579,599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">50.1e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FDCA842EFDCA" box="[1340,1405,579,599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FDD2842EFDF2" box="[814,1405,603,623]" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FDD2851EFDF2" box="[814,1101,603,623]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Distal epiphysis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFDD28581FDF2" box="[1169,1234,603,623]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FDD2842EFDF2" box="[1340,1405,603,623]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FDFA842EFD1A" box="[814,1405,627,647]" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FDFA851EFD1A" box="[814,1101,627,647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Head, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFDFA8581FD1A" box="[1169,1234,627,647]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">35.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FDFA842EFD1A" box="[1340,1405,627,647]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FD02842EFD02" box="[814,1405,651,671]" gridrow="11" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FD02851EFD02" box="[814,1101,651,671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Head, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFD028581FD02" box="[1169,1234,651,671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">35.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FD02842EFD02" box="[1340,1405,651,671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">33.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FD2A842EFD2A" box="[814,1405,675,695]" gridrow="12" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FD2A851EFD2A" box="[814,1101,675,695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Diaphysis, minimum width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFD2A8581FD2A" box="[1169,1234,675,695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">22.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FD2A842EFD2A" box="[1340,1405,675,695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">21.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FD32842EFD52" box="[814,1405,699,719]" gridrow="13" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FD32851EFD52" box="[814,1101,699,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Trochlea, anterior width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFD328581FD52" box="[1169,1234,699,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FD32842EFD52" box="[1340,1405,699,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C54BB8F1850FD5A842EFD7A" box="[814,1405,723,743]" gridrow="14" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<th id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1850FD5A851EFD7A" box="[814,1101,723,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Trochlea, posterior width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1FEFFD5A8581FD7A" box="[1169,1234,723,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">24.0e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C54BB8F1E42FD5A842EFD7A" box="[1340,1405,723,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">n/a</td>
</tr>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5444551FACFEE48464FE1C" box="[1234,1335,365,385]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">(holotype)</paragraph>
</table>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5444551BFAFD3C80EBFA13" blockId="37.[130,777,693,2028]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551B81FD3C80D4FD52" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[255,391,693,719]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for the Argentinean
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C54445519C3FD3F8015FD72" baseAuthorityName="Ameghino" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Properiptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentinus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C54445519C3FD3F8015FD72" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Properiptychus argentinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as presented by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5444551A82FD5C8253FD6D" author="MUIZON C. DE &amp; BOND M." box="[508,768,725,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="165 - 207" refId="ref48919" refString="MUIZON C. DE &amp; BOND M. 1982. - Le Phocidae (Mammalia) Miocene de la formation Parana (Entre Rios, Argentine). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4 eme serie 3 - 4: 165 - 207. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 55651278" type="journal article" year="1982">Muizon &amp; Bond (1982)</bibRefCitation>
. However, as
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5444551A75FD7C80B0FC92" author="ECHARRI S. &amp; PEREZ D. E. &amp; MINNA M. &amp; LUCERO S. O." box="[267,483,757,783]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="369 - 375" refId="ref47472" refString="ECHARRI S., PEREZ D. E., MINNA M. &amp; LUCERO S. O. 2021. - New Record of a Phocid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Phocidae) in the Late Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 58: 369 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.5710 / AMGH. 04.06.2021 / 3403" type="journal article" year="2021">
Echarri
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551A1EFD7F80C1FC92" box="[352,402,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
pointed out, ICZN Article 72.4 states that all type specimens are required to appear in the original description. Consequently, with only the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C54445519D5FCBC825BFCD2" box="[683,776,821,847]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
mandible fragment presented originally by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C544455193FFCDC83ADFCF2" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[577,766,853,879]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="406 - 521" refId="ref45777" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1897. - Mammiferes cretaces de l'Argentine. Deuxieme contribution a la connaissance de la faune mammalogique des couches a Pyrotherium. Boletin Instituto Geografico Argentino 18: 406 - 521. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 62504710" type="journal article" year="1897">Ameghino (1897)</bibRefCitation>
, other specimens later referred to this species have been done so tentatively because they are not associated to the type mandible. However, keeping this in mind, we treat Muizon &amp; Bond’s (1982) humerus of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551A31FC5D80B0FC73" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1893" box="[335,483,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Properiptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551A31FC5D80B0FC73" box="[335,483,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Properiptychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a “referred” specimen for simplicity’s sake. Similarly,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551AD6FC7D833FFB93" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" box="[424,620,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Callophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551AD6FC7D833FFB93" box="[424,620,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Callophoca obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has long been used as a wastebin taxon, but it is currently treated as a
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C54445519BEFB9C8185FBD3" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">nomen dubium</emphasis>
with the name strictly referring to its
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C5444551918FBBD8395FBD3" box="[614,710,1076,1102]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C54445519ABFBBD8051FBF3" author="RULE J. P. &amp; ADAMS J. W. &amp; ROVISNKY D. S. &amp; HOCKING D. P. &amp; EVANS A. R. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M." pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="201591" refId="ref49365" refString="RULE J. P., ADAMS J. W., ROVISNKY D. S., HOCKING D. P., EVANS A. R. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. 2020 a. - A new large-bodied Pliocene seal with unusual cutting teeth. Royal Society Open Science 7: 201591. https: // doi. org. 10.1098 / rsos. 201591" type="journal article" year="2020">
Rule
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551BFAFBDC81E4FBF3" box="[132,183,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2020a
</bibRefCitation>
). Although we agree with
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5444551963FBDD83B0FBF3" author="RULE J. P. &amp; ADAMS J. W. &amp; ROVISNKY D. S. &amp; HOCKING D. P. &amp; EVANS A. R. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M." box="[541,739,1108,1134]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="201591" refId="ref49365" refString="RULE J. P., ADAMS J. W., ROVISNKY D. S., HOCKING D. P., EVANS A. R. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. 2020 a. - A new large-bodied Pliocene seal with unusual cutting teeth. Royal Society Open Science 7: 201591. https: // doi. org. 10.1098 / rsos. 201591" type="journal article" year="2020">
Rule
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C544455192BFBDC83DBFBF3" box="[597,648,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(2020a)
</bibRefCitation>
, to transition gradually away, we consider
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551972FBFD8328FB13" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" box="[524,635,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Callophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551972FBFD8328FB13" box="[524,635,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Callophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as treated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5444551BFCFB1D8028FB33" author="KORETSKY I. A. &amp; RAY C. E." box="[130,379,1172,1198]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="81 - 140" refId="ref48310" refString="KORETSKY I. A. &amp; RAY C. E. 2008. - Phocidae of the Pliocene of Eastern North America, in RAY C. E., BOHASKA D. J., KORETSKY I. A., WARD L. W. &amp; BARNES L. G. (eds), Geology and Paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. Volume IV. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Special Publication 14: 81 - 140." type="journal article" year="2008">Koretsky &amp; Ray (2008)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5444551AD1FB1D83CDFB33" author="DEWAELE L. &amp; PEREDO C. M. &amp; MEYVISCH P. &amp; LOUWYE S." box="[431,670,1172,1198]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="172437" refId="ref47069" refString="DEWAELE L., PEREDO C. M., MEYVISCH P. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2018 b. - Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Royal Society Open Science 5: Article 172437. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 172437" type="journal article" year="2018">
Dewaele
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C544455196EFB1C8311FB33" box="[528,578,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
(2018b)
</bibRefCitation>
but highlight it with quotation marks to reflect its new identification as a
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551BCDFB5D8002FB73" box="[179,337,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">nomen dubium</emphasis>
. In addition, the humerus of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C54445519EDFB5D825BFB73" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[659,776,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C54445519EDFB5D825BFB73" box="[659,776,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5444551BFAFB7D819CFA93" box="[132,207,1268,1294]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is overall comparable in morphology and size to the humerus of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551B81FA9A8091FAB0" box="[255,450,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aberrata">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551B81FA9A8091FAB0" box="[255,450,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Frisiphoca aberrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the North Sea Basin. The latter has been identified as either a monachine or a phocine by different authors (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5444551AE9FADD8330FAF0" author="VAN BENEDEN P. - J." box="[407,611,1363,1390]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref49914" refString="VAN BENEDEN P. - J. 1877. - Description des ossements fossiles des environs d'Anvers, premiere partie. Pinnipedes ou amphitheriens. Annales du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique 1: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1877">Van Beneden 1877</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C544455190EFADA83ACFAF0" author="KELLOGG R." box="[624,767,1363,1389]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="23 - 132" refId="ref47976" refString="KELLOGG R. 1922. - Pinnipeds from Miocene and Pleistocene deposits of California. University of California Publications in Geology 13: 23 - 132." type="journal article" year="1922">Kellogg 1922</bibRefCitation>
; versus
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5444551BB5FAFA80F9FA10" author="DEWAELE L. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S." box="[203,426,1395,1421]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="171669" refId="ref47010" refString="DEWAELE L., LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2018 a. - A critical revision of the fossil record, stratigraphy and diversity of the Neogene seal genus Monotherium (Carnivora, Phocidae). Royal Society Open Science 5: Article 171669. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 171669" type="journal article" year="2018">
Dewaele
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551A53FAFD8033FA10" box="[301,352,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2018a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5444551BE5FA1A8254F911" blockId="37.[130,777,693,2028]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
The humeral head of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551AF6FA1A80ADFA30" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[392,510,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551AF6FA1A80ADFA30" box="[392,510,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C544455197BFA1D8302FA33" box="[517,593,1428,1454]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is hemispherical and of proportions similar to other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C544455196AFA3A83CCFA50" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[532,671,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551A2EFA5A808AFA70" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[336,473,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, and the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C544455190CFA5A83ADFA70" box="[626,766,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C544455190CFA5A83ADFA70" box="[626,766,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Neomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which appear to have proportionally larger humeral head. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551BFDF99B81AAF9B1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[131,249,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551BFDF99B81AAF9B1" box="[131,249,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5444551A7AF99A8000F9B0" box="[260,339,1555,1581]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the head is oriented posteroproximally (with roughly equal posterior and proximal componants) as in most
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551B9CF9DB803EF9F1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[226,365,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551A8FF9DB8309F9F1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[497,602,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551A8FF9DB8309F9F1" box="[497,602,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551917F9DB839DF9F1" box="[617,718,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551917F9DB839DF9F1" box="[617,718,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551BF8F9FB81A0F911" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[134,243,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551BF8F9FB81A0F911" box="[134,243,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Sarcodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which it faces more proximally than posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5444551BE5F91B8502FCF2" blockId="37.[130,777,693,2028]" lastBlockId="37.[810,1460,821,2028]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
The lesser tubercle is weakly developed and, although its apex is slightly abraded on the
<specimenCount id="9D0CB9CD4C5444551AB3F93A8339F951" box="[461,618,1714,1741]" count="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
described, it is likely to have been slightly lower than the head (char. 62[0]). Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551A6AF97B8024F891" box="[276,375,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, the development of the lesser tubercle varies. A small lesser tubercle, not exceeding the proximal level of the humeral head, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551AF0F8B88352F8D6" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[398,513,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551AF0F8B88352F8D6" box="[398,513,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5444551976F8BB8302F8D1" box="[520,593,1842,1868]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is a characteristic shared with most extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551AE8F8D880A8F8F6" box="[406,507,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, with the notable exceptions of the extinct monachines
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551AA7F8F8833AF816" box="[473,617,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Australophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551AA7F8F8833AF816" box="[473,617,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Australophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, “
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C54445519FCF8F883A6F816" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" box="[642,757,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Callophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C54445519FCF8F883A6F816" box="[642,757,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Callophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551BFAF81881A8F836" box="[132,251,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551BFAF81881A8F836" box="[132,251,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551A47F81880CEF836" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[313,413,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551A47F81880CEF836" box="[313,413,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have a lesser tubercle that exceeds the proximal level of the humeral head. Among extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551BAFF8588065F876" box="[209,310,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, the lesser tubercle reaches proximal to the level of the humeral head in most taxa except
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551E62FCBC84FBFCD2" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1308,1448,821,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551E62FCBC84FBFCD2" box="[1308,1448,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551853FCDF82C6FCF2" box="[813,917,854,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551853FCDF82C6FCF2" box="[813,917,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C54445518ACFCDC851EFCF2" box="[978,1101,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C544455183DFCFC8500FA90" blockId="37.[810,1460,821,2028]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
The greater tubercle reaches the same proximal level as the humeral head in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C54445518A4FC1C851CFC32" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[986,1103,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C54445518A4FC1C851CFC32" box="[986,1103,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5444551F28FC1C85CDFC32" box="[1110,1182,917,943]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(char. 63[1]), and extends only slightly proximal to the level of the lesser tubercle. A greater tubercle reaching the level of the head proximally, is a condition shared with most other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551FA8FC7D840EFB93" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1238,1373,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. Exceptions are the extinct “
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551F74FB9D8528FBB3" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" box="[1034,1147,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Callophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551F74FB9D8528FBB3" box="[1034,1147,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Callophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (greater tubercle reaching at or proximal to the level of the head),
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551FC2FBBD8475FBD3" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1212,1318,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551FC2FBBD8475FBD3" box="[1212,1318,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the referred
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551852FBDD8297FBF3" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1893" box="[812,964,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Properiptychus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551852FBDD8297FBF3" box="[812,964,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Properiptychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5444551F73FBDD844FFBF3" author="MUIZON C. DE &amp; BOND M." box="[1037,1308,1108,1134]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="165 - 207" refId="ref48919" refString="MUIZON C. DE &amp; BOND M. 1982. - Le Phocidae (Mammalia) Miocene de la formation Parana (Entre Rios, Argentine). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4 eme serie 3 - 4: 165 - 207. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 55651278" type="journal article" year="1982">Muizon &amp; Bond (1982)</bibRefCitation>
(MER 685), and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551821FBFD8280FB13" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[863,979,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551821FBFD8280FB13" box="[863,979,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Sarcodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(greater tubercle not reaching the level of the head). Among extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551F36FB1D8582FB33" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1096,1233,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, most have a greater tubercle that does not reach the level of the head, with the notable exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551F76FB5D8521FB73" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1032,1138,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551F76FB5D8521FB73" box="[1032,1138,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(greater tubercle reaching the proximal level of the head).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C544455183DFA9D8430FA70" blockId="37.[810,1460,821,2028]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C544455181DFA9A828AFAB0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[867,985,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C544455181DFA9A828AFAB0" box="[867,985,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C544455189FFA9D857CFAB3" box="[993,1071,1300,1326]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the lesser and greater tubercles are separated anteriorly by a narrow and deep bicipital groove. The bicipital groove is generally much wider and open in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C544455180FFAFA82AFFA10" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[881,1020,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, possibly except for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551FA1FAFA84E1FA10" box="[1247,1458,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551FA1FAFA84FDFA10" box="[1247,1454,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aberrata">Frisiphoca aberrata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Although the deltopectoral crest is incompletely preserved in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551855FA3D82C8FA50" box="[811,923,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aberrata">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551855FA3D82C8FA50" box="[811,923,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">F. aberrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the preserved portions suggest that the bicipital groove of its humerus is rather narrow and deep too.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C544455183DFA7A8282F8F1" blockId="37.[810,1460,821,2028]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
The bicipital groove of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551F43FA7A85E0F990" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1085,1203,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551F43FA7A85E0F990" box="[1085,1203,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5444551FC7FA7A8457F990" box="[1209,1284,1523,1549]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
lacks a bicipital bar (char. 64[0]), a character that varies among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551E5CF99B84FFF9B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1314,1452,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. A bicipital bar is absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551F36F9BB85E1F9D1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1096,1202,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551F36F9BB85E1F9D1" box="[1096,1202,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551FC1F9BB8465F9D1" box="[1215,1334,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551FC1F9BB8465F9D1" box="[1215,1334,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551E3AF9BB84FBF9D1" box="[1348,1448,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551E3AF9BB84FBF9D1" box="[1348,1448,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551853F9DB82E4F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[813,951,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551853F9DB82E4F9F1" box="[813,951,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551890F9DB852CF9F1" authorityName="Dewaele, Peredo, Meyvisch &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2018" box="[1006,1151,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Virginiaphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551890F9DB852CF9F1" box="[1006,1151,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Virginiaphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas all other extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551809F9FB82A8F911" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[887,1019,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(with a completely known humerus) have a transverse bar in the bicipital groove. Considering the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551855F93B82C6F951" authorityName="Dewaele, Lambert &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2018" box="[811,917,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551855F93B82C6F951" box="[811,917,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Frisiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be monachine (contra
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5444551FD7F93B84DAF951" author="DEWAELE L. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S." box="[1193,1417,1714,1740]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" pagination="171669" refId="ref47010" refString="DEWAELE L., LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2018 a. - A critical revision of the fossil record, stratigraphy and diversity of the Neogene seal genus Monotherium (Carnivora, Phocidae). Royal Society Open Science 5: Article 171669. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 171669" type="journal article" year="2018">
Dewaele
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551E72F93A846DF951" box="[1292,1342,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
2018a
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551EE3F93A8238F971" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551EE3F93A8238F971" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">F. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks a bicipital bar and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551F08F95A85B6F971" box="[1142,1253,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aberrata">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551F08F95A85B6F971" box="[1142,1253,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">F. aberrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a bicipital bar.
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551853F97B82F0F891" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[813,931,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551853F97B82F0F891" box="[813,931,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C54445518D6F97B82A1F891" box="[936,1010,1778,1804]" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a deep dimple at the top of the bicipital groove, just anterior to the humeral head. Such a dimple has also been observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551F31F8B885E4F8D6" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1103,1207,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551F31F8B885E4F8D6" box="[1103,1207,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551FB9F8BB84F8F8D6" authority=", Monachini" authorityName="Monachini" box="[1223,1451,1841,1868]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551FB9F8BB8472F8D1" box="[1223,1313,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">F. affinis</emphasis>
, Monachini
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5444551822F8D88299F8F6" box="[860,970,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="37" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5444551822F8D88299F8F6" box="[860,970,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C544457183DF8FB833AFAD0" blockId="37.[810,1460,821,2028]" lastBlockId="39.[130,777,1012,2028]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">
In lateral view, the deltopectoral crest curves gently, smoothly tapering towards the distal epiphysis. It is long, extending distally to the anterior level of the epicondylar crest, and the insertion for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C544455189AF85B8536F876" box="[996,1125,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="66">m. pectoralis</emphasis>
reaches well distal to the midpoint of the bone (char. 66[0]). This condition conforms with other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571A1CFB9D80A3FBB3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[354,496,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571950FB9D83E3FBB3" box="[558,688,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
. Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571BF9FBBD805EFBD3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[135,269,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(except
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571A19FBBD80B3FBD3" box="[359,480,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571962FBBD832CFBD3" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[540,639,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
differ in one or more characteristic: the deltopectoral crest is limited to the anterior half of the humerus and/or it sharply terminates distally. This may be less evident in extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C564457192EFB1D8385FB33" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[592,726,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
and certain extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571A59FB3D80DEFB53" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[295,397,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, in which the distal termination of the deltopectoral crest may be less abrupt (see, e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C56445719D8FB5D81EFFA93" author="KORETSKY I. A." pageId="39" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 109" refId="ref48164" refString="KORETSKY I. A. 2001. - Morphology and systematics of the Miocene Phocinae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Paratethys and the North Atlantic Region. Geologica Hungarica Series Palaeontologica 54: 1 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Koretsky 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5644571BB4FB7A8357FA93" author="KORETSKY I. A. &amp; GRIGORESCU D." box="[202,516,1267,1294]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" pagination="149 - 162" refId="ref48107" refString="KORETSKY I. A. &amp; GRIGORESCU D. 2002. - The fossil monk seal Pontophoca sarmatica (Alekseev) (Mammalia: Phocidae: Monachinae) from the Miocene of Eastern Europe. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 93: 149 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810266.93.149" type="journal article" year="2002">Koretsky &amp; Grigorescu 2002</bibRefCitation>
). However, in all extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571A7CFA9A803BFAB0" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[258,360,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the insertion for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C564457195BFA9D83F6FAB0" box="[549,677,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">m. pectoralis</emphasis>
does not extend as far distal as in extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571AA4FABA8337FAD0" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[474,612,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5744561857FABA858EF880" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
<table id="F90A80E44C57BB8F19BFFA91858EF880" box="[705,1245,1304,1821]" gridcols="2" gridrows="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
<tr id="353A70064C57BB8F19BFFA91858EFAD1" box="[705,1245,1304,1356]" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
<th id="76EB197A4C57BB8F19BFFA91820EFAD1" box="[705,861,1304,1356]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">K</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C57BB8F188BFA91858EFAD1" box="[1013,1245,1304,1356]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">lesser tubercle L</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C57BB8F19BFFA07858EFA3F" box="[705,1245,1422,1442]" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="67" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C57BB8F19BFFA07820EFA3F" box="[705,861,1422,1442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">head</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C57BB8F19BFFA4B858EFA6E" box="[705,1245,1474,1523]" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
<td id="76EB197A4C57BB8F19BFFA4B820EFA6E" box="[705,861,1474,1523]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">deltopectoral crest</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C57BB8F188BFA4B858EFA6E" box="[1013,1245,1474,1523]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">trochideltoid surface</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C57BB8F19BFF9C7858EF908" box="[705,1245,1614,1685]" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="67" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C57BB8F19BFF9C7820EF908" box="[705,861,1614,1685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">epicondylar crest</td>
<tr id="353A70064C57BB8F19BFF93E858EF979" box="[705,1245,1719,1764]" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="67" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C57BB8F19BFF93E820EF979" box="[705,861,1719,1764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
insertion.
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C57445619B4F9588275F979" box="[714,806,1745,1764]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">pectoralis</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C57BB8F19BFF975858EF880" box="[705,1245,1788,1821]" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
<td id="76EB197A4C57BB8F19BFF975820EF880" box="[705,861,1788,1821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">olecranon</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C57BB8F188BF975858EF880" box="[1013,1245,1788,1821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">medial epicondyle</td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5744561BD2FA648080F8BA" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
<table id="F90A80E44C57BB8F1BD2FA648363F8BA" box="[172,560,1517,1831]" gridcols="2" gridrows="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
<tr id="353A70064C57BB8F1BD2FA648363F986" box="[172,560,1517,1563]" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
<th id="76EB197A4C57BB8F1BD2FA6481A5F986" box="[172,246,1517,1563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">bicipital groove</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C57BB8F1AEEFA648363F986" box="[400,560,1517,1563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">diaphysis</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C57BB8F1BD2F9D88363F9E3" box="[172,560,1617,1662]" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
<td id="76EB197A4C57BB8F1BD2F9D88363F9E3" box="[172,560,1617,1662]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">entepicondylar foramen</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C57BB8F1BD2F9708363F8BA" box="[172,560,1785,1831]" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="67" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C57BB8F1AEEF9708363F8BA" box="[400,560,1785,1831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">coronoid fossa</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5744561BFAF81D83B5F874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671202/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="67" startId="38.[132,143,1940,1957]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1885]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5744561BFAF81D83B5F874" blockId="38.[132,1457,1940,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5744561BFAF81D81CEF839" baselines="1953,1953" box="[132,157,1940,1957]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 26. — Humeri of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5744561A4BF81D80A9F838" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[309,506,1940,1957]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5744561A4BF81D80A9F838" box="[309,506,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5744561A80F81D8322F838" box="[510,625,1940,1957]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C574456181BF81D8221F838" bold="true" box="[869,882,1940,1957]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
, right humerus in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5744561F03F81D85D9F838" bold="true" box="[1149,1162,1940,1957]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
, the same humerus in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5744561BFAF82281C1F821" bold="true" box="[132,146,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
, the same humerus in posterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5744561AAFF822808CF821" bold="true" box="[465,479,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
, the same humerus in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5744561878F8228241F821" bold="true" box="[774,786,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
, left humerus in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5744561F6CF822854EF821" bold="true" box="[1042,1053,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
, the same humerus in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5744561E37F8228404F821" bold="true" box="[1353,1367,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">G</emphasis>
, the same humerus in posterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5744561A19F84B8026F84E" bold="true" box="[359,373,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">H</emphasis>
, the same humerus in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C57445619E3F84B83E6F84E" bold="true" box="[669,693,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">I -L</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawings of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5744561F70F84B857CF84E" bold="true" box="[1038,1071,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="67">E -H</emphasis>
. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5644571BFAFC008294FC2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671204/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" startId="39.[132,143,905,922]" targetBox="[131,1456,215,863]" targetPageId="39" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5644571BFAFC008294FC2C" blockId="39.[132,1455,837,945]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5644571BFAFC0081CEFC07" baselines="918,919" box="[132,157,905,922]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 27. — Right humerus referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571AC7FC00832EFC07" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[441,637,905,922]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571AC7FC00832EFC07" box="[441,637,905,922]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C56445719FCFC0083A6FC07" box="[642,757,905,922]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI279):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C56445718E8FC0082F0FC07" bold="true" box="[918,931,905,922]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">A</emphasis>
, right humerus in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571FD3FC0085E9FC07" bold="true" box="[1197,1210,905,922]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">B</emphasis>
, the same humerus in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571BCAFC298191FC2C" bold="true" box="[180,194,928,945]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
, the same humerus in posterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C564457197EFC29835DFC2C" bold="true" box="[512,526,928,945]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">D</emphasis>
, the same humerus in lateral view. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5644571BE5FADA804CF930" blockId="39.[130,777,1012,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">
The proximal portion of the deltopectoral crest of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445719EDFADA8256FAF0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[659,773,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C56445719EDFADA8256FAF0" box="[659,773,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5644571BFAFAFD8199FA13" box="[132,202,1396,1422]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is remarkably thin being thinner than in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445719DFFAFA81FEFA33" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. Only
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571B88FA1A8033FA30" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[246,352,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571B88FA1A8033FA30" box="[246,352,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571A13FA1A835FFA33" box="[365,524,1427,1454]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571A13FA1A8084FA30" box="[365,471,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Frisiphoca</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445719EEFA1A8254FA30" box="[656,775,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
tend to approach this condition. The trochideltoid surface is slightly concave, appearing as if it folds over the bicipital groove. Among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571A4BFA7A80EDF990" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[309,446,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, a similar morphology for the trochideltoid surface has only been observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445719E3F99B825BF9B1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[669,776,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C56445719E3F99B825BF9B1" box="[669,776,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the unnamed taxon from the late Pliocene of the North Sea Basin, described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5644571A00F9DB833EF9F1" author="DEWAELE L. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S." box="[382,621,1618,1644]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" pagination="5734" refId="ref47134" refString="DEWAELE L., LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2018 c. - A late surviving Pliocene seal from high latitudes of the North Atlantic realm: the latest monachine seal on the southern margin of the North Sea. PeerJ 6: e 5734. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 5734" type="journal article" year="2018">
Dewaele
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571A9EF9DA8341F9F1" box="[480,530,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
(2018c)
</bibRefCitation>
. However, the deltopectoral crest is notably thicker, transversely, in these later two taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5644571BE5F93B825BF8D6" blockId="39.[130,777,1012,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">
On the posterior surface of the diaphysis, just distal to the humeral head and the lesser tubercle, there is well-developed fossa for the origin of the
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571AF7F97A8396F891" box="[393,709,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">m. triceps brachii caput mediale</emphasis>
(char. 65[1]). This fossa is also well developed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C564457193FF89B83F8F8B1" authorityName="Dewaele, Lambert &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2018" box="[577,683,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C564457193FF89B83F8F8B1" box="[577,683,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Frisiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445719A1F89B8180F8D6" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C56445719A1F89B8180F8D6" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; its development is not notable in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571904F8B88250F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[634,771,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5644571BE5F8DB84E3FBD2" blockId="39.[130,777,1012,2028]" lastBlockId="39.[811,1457,1012,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">
On the distal extremity, the lateral epicondylar crest (= supinator crest) is well developed and strongly projects posteriorly (char. 67[0]). This is a plesiomorphic characteristic present in all
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571BB9F838807DF856" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[199,302,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, but which varies among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571930F8388389F856" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[590,730,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
: the epicondylar crest is well developed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C564457196FF8588328F876" authorityName="Dewaele, Lambert &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2018" box="[529,635,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C564457196FF8588328F876" box="[529,635,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Frisiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445719F6F85883ACF876" box="[648,767,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C56445719F6F85883ACF876" box="[648,767,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571853FC7D82E8FB93" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[813,955,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571853FC7D82E8FB93" box="[813,955,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445718B5FC7D8575FB93" box="[971,1062,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C56445718B5FC7D8575FB93" box="[971,1062,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571F14FC7D858BFB93" box="[1130,1240,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571F14FC7D858BFB93" box="[1130,1240,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; but not in others. Consequently, the humerus appears rather strongly curving in lateral view in taxa with a well-develop epicondylar crest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C564457183DFBDD82A8F911" blockId="39.[811,1457,1012,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">
Interestingly, the fossil record for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571FA8FBDD8400FBF3" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1238,1363,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571FA8FBDD8400FBF3" box="[1238,1363,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5644571E20FBDC84E3FBF2" box="[1374,1456,1109,1135]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
includes humeri with (
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5644571F44FBFC85CFFB12" box="[1082,1180,1141,1167]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276) and without (
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C564457184AFB1D82DEFB33" box="[820,909,1172,1198]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI279) an entepicondylar foramen on the medial epicondyle (char. 68[0&amp;1]). The presence of an entepicondylar foramen is considered a plesiomorphy present in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571E3DFB5D84FAFB73" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1347,1449,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, but also retained in a few extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571FD8FB7A8461FA90" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1190,1330,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571E41FB7A84FBFA90" authorityName="Dewaele, Lambert &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2018" box="[1343,1448,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571E41FB7A84FBFA90" box="[1343,1448,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Frisiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571853FA9A857FFAB0" box="[813,1068,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571853FA9A82FAFAB0" box="[813,937,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Homiphoca</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571899FA9D857FFAB0" box="[999,1068,1300,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Kawas</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(this taxon is included here in the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571850FABA82E4FAD0" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[814,951,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, see below in the phylogeny section). However, the absence of an entepicondylar foramen has been observed in specimens of different
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571F38FAFA85FEFA10" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1094,1197,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
. We observed variation within an
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445718DCFA1A8540FA30" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[930,1043,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C56445718DCFA1A8540FA30" box="[930,1043,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Erignathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
individual, having an entepicondylar foramen in one humerus but not in the other (LD and CM, personal observation). It is not unlikely that this condition may vary in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445718D0FA7A8577F990" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[942,1060,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C56445718D0FA7A8577F990" box="[942,1060,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5644571F55FA7A8526F990" box="[1067,1141,1523,1549]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
too. Unfortunately, the small sample size inhibits elucidating the default condition in the species. The absence or presence of an entepicondylar foramen impacts the overall morphology of the medial epicondyle in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5644571852F9FB82DBF911" box="[812,904,1650,1676]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI279.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C564457183DF91B856AF836" blockId="39.[811,1457,1012,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">
The medial margin of the medial epicondyle on
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5644571853F93B82D4F951" box="[813,903,1714,1740]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI279 is straight and vertical (i.e., proximodistally oriented) in anterior view, but it does not extend high, proximally. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571F43F97B8595F891" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1085,1222,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, these conditions vary between different taxa. The morphology of the medial epicondyle in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571803F8B882A0F8D6" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[893,1011,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571803F8B882A0F8D6" box="[893,1011,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5644571884F8BB8516F8D1" box="[1018,1093,1842,1868]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
conforms with that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571E41F8B884FBF8D6" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1343,1448,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571E41F8B884FBF8D6" box="[1343,1448,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5644571824F8D8829BF8F6" box="[858,968,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5644571824F8D8829BF8F6" box="[858,968,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The medial epicondyle is rounded in anterior view, or widest proximally and tapering distally in other extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445718D4F8188567F836" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[938,1076,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C564458183DF8388394F931" blockId="39.[811,1457,1012,2028]" lastBlockId="40.[130,775,1363,1709]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">
As in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445718B8F8388578F856" box="[966,1067,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, the coronoid and olecranon fossae are shallow in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C56445718B6F85885E5F876" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[968,1206,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C56445718B6F85885E5F876" box="[968,1206,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="68">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5644571FC3F85B8402F871" box="[1213,1361,2002,2028]" pageId="39" pageNumber="68" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The distal margin of the trochlea is slightly more strongly concave in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581BDCFAFA804BFA10" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[162,280,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581BDCFAFA804BFA10" box="[162,280,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5944581A61FAFD8039FA13" box="[287,362,1396,1422]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
than in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581976FAFA83C1FA10" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[520,658,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. The distal margin of the trochlea, at the junction between the anterior and the posterior parts of the trochlea, features a right angle, in distal view. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581AC9FA5A8313FA70" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[439,576,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, this angle is right in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581BDCFA7A8046F990" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" box="[162,277,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Callophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581BDCFA7A8046F990" box="[162,277,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Callophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581A5AFA7A80BFF990" box="[292,492,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Frisiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aberrata">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581A5AFA7A80BFF990" box="[292,492,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Frisiphoca aberrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C594458195BFA7A83DCF990" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[549,655,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C594458195BFA7A83DCF990" box="[549,655,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it is acute in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581BDEF99B806BF9B1" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[160,312,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581BDEF99B806BF9B1" box="[160,312,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and obtuse in all other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581949F99B83EEF9B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[567,701,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581BFAF9BB81A4F9D1" box="[132,247,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581BFAF9BB81A4F9D1" box="[132,247,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which it is variable, being either acute, obtuse, or right (observations based on
<specimenCount id="9D0CB9CD4C5944581AD4F9DB8369F9F1" box="[426,570,1618,1644]" count="10" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
:
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C594458193CF9DB83C8F9F1" box="[578,667,1618,1644]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.AFS29, AFS30, AFS31, AFS32,AFS34, three
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C594458196CF9FB8339F911" box="[530,618,1650,1676]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.AFS uncatalogued specimens; SAM-PQ-L 4638, 30235, 40969).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5944581BFAFB4983B3FA88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671206/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" startId="40.[132,143,1216,1233]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1175]" targetPageId="40" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5944581BFAFB4983B3FA88" blockId="40.[132,1455,1216,1301]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5944581BFAFB4981CEFB4C" baselines="1229,1230" box="[132,157,1216,1233]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 28. — Radii of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581A5BFB4980B9FB4C" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[293,490,1216,1233]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581A5BFB4980B9FB4C" box="[293,490,1216,1233]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5944581A91FB498337FB4C" box="[495,612,1216,1233]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581824FB498234FB4C" bold="true" box="[858,871,1216,1233]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">A</emphasis>
, left radius in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581F35FB49850BFB4C" bold="true" box="[1099,1112,1216,1233]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">B</emphasis>
, right radius in lateral view (both missing part of their diaphysis);
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581A32FB5E8009FB75" bold="true" box="[332,346,1239,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">C</emphasis>
, distal portion of the left radius in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581999FB5E83A6FB75" bold="true" box="[743,757,1239,1256]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">D</emphasis>
, distal portion of the right radius in medial view. Dashed lines aid in visualizing the overall shape of the radius. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581A98FB67832DFB62" bold="true" box="[486,638,1262,1279]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">m. abd. pol. long.</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C59445819F6FB6782F2FB62" box="[648,929,1262,1279]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">musculus abductor pollicis longus</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C59445818D2FB678506FB62" bold="true" box="[940,1109,1262,1279]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">m. ext. digit comm.</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581F21FB6784FAFB62" box="[1119,1449,1262,1279]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">musculus extensor digitorum communis</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581BFAFA8D805DFA88" bold="true" box="[132,270,1284,1301]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">m. ext. digit lat.</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581A66FA8D831FFA88" box="[280,588,1284,1301]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">musculus extensor digitorum lateralis</emphasis>
. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5944581BFAF95B8092F971" blockId="40.[130,777,1746,2028]" box="[132,449,1746,1772]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5944581BFAF95B8092F971" box="[132,449,1746,1772]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581BFAF95B8092F971" box="[132,449,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">
Radius (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5944581BA5F95A8074F971" box="[219,295,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="40.[132,143,1216,1233]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1175]" captionTargetId="figure-414@40.[698,1267,213,739]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIG. 28. — Radii of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left radius in medial view; B, right radius in lateral view (both missing part of their diaphysis); C, distal portion of the left radius in lateral view; D, distal portion of the right radius in medial view. Dashed lines aid in visualizing the overall shape of the radius. Abbreviations: m. abd. pol. long., musculus abductor pollicis longus; m. ext. digit comm., musculus extensor digitorum communis; m. ext. digit lat., musculus extensor digitorum lateralis. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671206/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Figs 28</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5944581A4BF95B8002F971" box="[309,337,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="41.[132,143,872,889]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,829]" captionTargetId="figure-571@41.[131,776,213,742]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIG. 29. — Right radius referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI280): A, lateral view; B, medial view. Abbreviations: m. ext. digit comm., musculus extensor digitorum communis; m. ext. digit lat., musculus extensor digitorum lateralis. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671208/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">29</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C5944581A23F95B80EBF971" box="[349,440,1746,1772]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="41.[132,143,1045,1062]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="TABLE 15. — Measurements (in mm) of the radius of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations: n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFB9C801FFBC9" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFB9C801FFBC9">Table 15</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5944581BFAF97B825AF876" blockId="40.[130,777,1746,2028]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">
For the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C5944581BACF97B807EF891" box="[210,301,1778,1804]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimenMNHN.F.PPI276, the left and right radii are preserved but incompletely: the proximal epiphyses and distal halves are physically separated and the proximal part of the diaphysis lacks for both. Another referred, left, radius has been assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581A0EF8F88333F816" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[368,608,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581A0EF8F88333F816" box="[368,608,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5944581919F8FB8250F811" box="[615,771,1906,1932]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5944581BF8F81881B3F836" box="[134,224,1937,1963]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI280 (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5944581A25F81880F5F836" box="[347,422,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="41.[132,143,872,889]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,829]" captionTargetId="figure-571@41.[131,776,213,742]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIG. 29. — Right radius referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI280): A, lateral view; B, medial view. Abbreviations: m. ext. digit comm., musculus extensor digitorum communis; m. ext. digit lat., musculus extensor digitorum lateralis. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671208/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). The latter is subcomplete, only missing its posterior extremity. In addition to the humerus
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5944581BF8F85881B3F876" box="[134,224,2001,2027]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI278, this specimen also includes two fragments
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5944581855FADA84CEFA10" blockId="40.[810,1457,1363,2028]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">of the radius: a fragment of the proximal epiphysis of the right radius, and a pathologically deformed left distal epiphysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C594458183DFA1A854EF930" blockId="40.[810,1457,1363,2028]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">
The articular facet for the humerus is rounded, medially and posteriorly smoothly curving into the articular facet for the ulna. This facet is lens-shaped and wrapped around the posteromedial margin of the proximal epiphysis. The lateral part of the ulnar facet contacts the humeral facet, thus differing from the condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581F3EF9BB85F9F9D1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1088,1194,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581F3EF9BB85F9F9D1" box="[1088,1194,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581FA3F9BB8418F9D1" box="[1245,1355,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581FA3F9BB8418F9D1" box="[1245,1355,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which a deep sub-horizontal notch separates the two facets laterally. In contrast, a condition like that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581FB6F9FB8412F911" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1224,1345,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581FB6F9FB8412F911" box="[1224,1345,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5944581E36F9FA84C5F910" box="[1352,1430,1651,1677]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is present in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C59445818E0F91B8546F931" box="[926,1045,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C59445818E0F91B8546F931" box="[926,1045,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C594458183DF93B8477F836" blockId="40.[810,1457,1363,2028]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">
The bicipital tuberosity is only little elevated and clearly separated from the proximal epiphysis. This tuberosity is located on the medial surface of the diaphysis (char. 69[0]). The latter condition varies among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581F5FF89B85FBF8B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1057,1192,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
: it is also located medially in other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C59445818AAF8B8850EF8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[980,1117,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581FC7F8B88470F8D6" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1209,1315,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581FC7F8B88470F8D6" box="[1209,1315,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581E4FF8B884FBF8D6" box="[1329,1448,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581E4FF8B884FBF8D6" box="[1329,1448,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581853F8D882F2F8F6" authorityName="de Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[813,929,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Messiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581853F8D882F2F8F6" box="[813,929,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Messiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C59445818CEF8D8854CF8F6" box="[944,1055,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C59445818CEF8D8854CF8F6" box="[944,1055,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581F51F8D885C7F8F6" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[1071,1172,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581F51F8D885C7F8F6" box="[1071,1172,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581FDAF8D88445F8F6" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[1188,1302,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581FDAF8D88445F8F6" box="[1188,1302,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Sarcodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; but it differs from extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C59445818CDF8F8856FF816" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[947,1084,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, in which this tuberosity is located posteromedially on the diaphysis of the radius.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C594459183DF83884F0FECC" blockId="40.[810,1457,1363,2028]" lastBlockId="41.[811,1458,215,1103]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">
The diaphysis of the radius of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5944581FF5F8388452F856" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1163,1281,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5944581FF5F8388452F856" box="[1163,1281,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="69">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5944581E76F83B8400F851" box="[1288,1363,1970,1996]" pageId="40" pageNumber="69" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is transversely flattened. In lateral view, the diaphysis appears to widen very gradually. On the posterior margin of the diaphysis, is the attachment area for the radio-ulnar ligament. This insertion area is slightly concave just distal to the bicipital tuberosity, but transitions into a faintly convex rugosity more distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C584459183DFEDE84FFFD2D" blockId="41.[811,1458,215,1103]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
The development of the origin and insertion areas for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591EEBFED182C2FE0D" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. supinator</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C58445918DFFEFE8504FE0D" box="[929,1111,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. pronator teres</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591FE2FEFE840DFE0C" box="[1180,1374,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. brachioradialis</emphasis>
on the anterior margin of the diaphysis corresponds with the condition in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C58445918A7FE3F856CFE4D" box="[985,1087,438,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of the extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591850FE5F82EAFE6D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[814,953,470,496]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C584459188DFE5F85D9FE6D" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[1011,1162,470,496]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" pagination="20 - 161" refId="ref48718" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1981. - Les vertebres fossils de la Formation Pisco (Perou) Premiere partie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae: Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud Sacaco. Institut francais d'Etudes Andines, Memoire 6: 20 - 161." type="journal article" year="1981">Muizon 1981</bibRefCitation>
): the insertion area for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591EEBFE5E82E9FD8D" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. pronator teres</emphasis>
forms a low prominence, in accordance with other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591813FD9F8281FDAD" box="[877,978,534,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, except extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591F12FD9F85AAFDAD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1132,1273,534,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
. The prominence for the insertion of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C584459188FFDBE85F5FDCD" box="[1009,1190,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. brachioradialis</emphasis>
forms a distinctly convex tuberosity in lateral view, in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591F28FDDF859FFDED" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1110,1228,598,624]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591F28FDDF859FFDED" box="[1110,1228,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5844591FACFDDF844FFDED" box="[1234,1308,598,624]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Compared to other extinct and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591F48FDFF85ECFD0D" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1078,1215,630,656]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the insertion area for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591853FD1F82BAFD2D" box="[813,1001,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. brachioradialis</emphasis>
is located rather distally on the diaphysis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C584459183DFD3F84E3FBD3" blockId="41.[811,1458,215,1103]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
On the lateral surface of the distal part of the diaphysis, the grooves for the passage of tendons are easily discernible. The grooves for the tendons of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591F06FD7F84FDFC92" box="[1144,1454,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. extensor digitorum lateralis</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591821FC9F85EDFCB2" box="[863,1214,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. extensor digitorum communis</emphasis>
are wide, shallow for the former and well-outlined and moderately deep for the latter. A strong development of the groove for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591E47FCDF8551FC12" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. extensor digitorum communis</emphasis>
unites
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591F36FCFC85EEFC12" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1096,1213,885,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591F36FCFC85EEFC12" box="[1096,1213,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5844591FBAFCFC845EFC12" box="[1220,1293,885,911]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591E38FCFC84FCFC12" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1350,1455,885,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591E38FCFC84FCFC12" box="[1350,1455,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591824FC1C829BFC32" box="[858,968,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591824FC1C829BFC32" box="[858,968,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(char. 69[1]). The groove for the tendon of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591EECFC1F854BFC52" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. abductor pollicis longus</emphasis>
at the anterior margin of the diaphysis is deep and laterally covered by a bony lip. The condition of the latter follows the condition of the extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591E68FC7D84D3FB93" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1302,1408,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591E68FC7D84D3FB93" box="[1302,1408,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591808FB9D8550FBB3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[886,1027,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
. The distal extremity of the radius bears a strongly concavoconvex articular facet for the scapholunar.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFCE180ABFC20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671208" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671208/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" startId="41.[132,143,872,889]" targetBox="[132,775,215,829]" targetPageId="41" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5844591BFAFCE180ABFC20" blockId="41.[132,776,872,957]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5844591BFAFCE181CEFCE5" baselines="885,885" box="[132,157,872,889]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 29. — Right radius referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591AC9FCE183D6FCE4" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[439,645,872,889]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591AC9FCE183D6FCE4" box="[439,645,872,889]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C58445919F2FCE1825BFCE4" box="[652,776,872,889]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI280):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591A5CFCF7807CFC12" bold="true" box="[290,303,894,911]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">A</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591ADEFCF780FEFC12" bold="true" box="[416,429,894,911]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">B</emphasis>
, medial view. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C58445919E1FCF78192FC3B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. ext. digit comm.</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591BB5FC1C834BFC3B" box="[203,536,917,934]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">musculus extensor digitorum communis</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C584459195DFC1C83FEFC3B" bold="true" box="[547,685,917,934]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">m. ext. digit lat.</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C58445919C6FC1C8037FC20" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">musculus extensor digitorum lateralis</emphasis>
. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFB9C801FFBC9" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFB9C801FFBC9" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFB9C801FFBC9" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" startId="41.[132,143,1045,1062]" targetBox="[134,734,1166,1373]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="41" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5844591BFAFB9C801FFBC9" blockId="41.[132,775,1045,1108]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5844591BFAFB9C81E1FBBB" baselines="1058,1059" box="[132,178,1045,1062]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
15. — Measurements (in mm) of the radius of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591923FB9C81F5FBA0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591923FB9C81F5FBA0" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5844591BD5FBA58048FBA0" box="[171,283,1068,1085]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" rank="species">n. gen.,n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C58445919FAFBA583F3FBA0" bold="true" box="[644,672,1068,1085]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5844591853FBFD850BFB13" blockId="41.[810,1457,1140,2028]" box="[813,1112,1140,1166]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5844591853FBFD850BFB13" box="[813,1112,1140,1166]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591853FBFD850BFB13" box="[813,1112,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
Ulna (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C584459180CFBFC82EDFB13" box="[882,958,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[132,143,1478,1495]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-231@42.[698,1270,778,1343]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 30. — Ulnae of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left ulna, with only the proximal half incompletely preserved, in medial view; B, the same ulna in anterior view; C, the same ulna in lateral view; D, right ulna, missing the olecranon process in lateral view; E, the same ulna in anterior view. Dashed lines in A and C aid in visualizing the overall shape of the olecranon process. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671212/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Figs 30</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C58445918B2FBFD82BBFB13" box="[972,1000,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[132,143,728,745]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,687]" captionTargetId="figure-877@43.[132,776,214,688]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 31. — Right ulna referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI279): A, lateral view; B, medial view. Note the strong concavity of the proximal margin of the olecranon process. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671214/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">31</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C584459188AFBFD851CFB13" box="[1012,1103,1140,1166]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="41.[132,143,1469,1486]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="TABLE 16. — Measurements (in mm) of the ulna of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFA3483BBFA66" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFA3483BBFA66">Table 16</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5844591948FB07838FFAC0" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<table id="F90A80E44C58BB8F1BF8FB07838DFAC0" box="[134,734,1166,1373]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8FB07838DFB3F" box="[134,734,1166,1186]" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8FB07838DFB3F" box="[134,734,1166,1186]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591948FB07838BFB3F" bold="true" box="[566,728,1166,1186]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">MNHN.F.PPI276</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8FB2E838DFB26" box="[134,734,1191,1211]" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8FB2E838DFB26" box="[134,734,1191,1211]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C584459192BFB2E83E9FB26" bold="true" box="[597,698,1191,1211]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">(holotype)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8FB4F838DFB47" box="[134,734,1222,1242]" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8FB4F80BAFB47" box="[134,489,1222,1242]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591BF8FB4F81BFFB47" bold="true" box="[134,236,1222,1242]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1948FB4F8305FB47" box="[566,598,1222,1242]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591948FB4F8305FB47" bold="true" box="[566,598,1222,1242]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19D1FB4F838DFB47" box="[687,734,1222,1242]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C58445919D1FB4F838DFB47" bold="true" box="[687,734,1222,1242]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8FB60838DFB60" box="[134,734,1257,1277]" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8FB6080BAFB60" box="[134,489,1257,1277]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Proximal epiphysis, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1948FB608305FB60" box="[566,598,1257,1277]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19D1FB60838DFB60" box="[687,734,1257,1277]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">12.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8FA88838DFA88" box="[134,734,1281,1301]" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8FA8880BAFA88" box="[134,489,1281,1301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Distal epiphysis, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1948FA888305FA88" box="[566,598,1281,1301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19D1FA88838DFA88" box="[687,734,1281,1301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">49.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8FA90838DFAB0" box="[134,734,1305,1325]" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8FA9080BAFAB0" box="[134,489,1305,1325]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Distal epiphysis, length articular facet</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1948FA908305FAB0" box="[566,598,1305,1325]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19D1FA90838DFAB0" box="[687,734,1305,1325]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">22.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8FAB8838DFAD8" box="[134,734,1329,1349]" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8FAB880BAFAD8" box="[134,489,1329,1349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Distal epiphysis, width articular facet</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1948FAB88305FAD8" box="[566,598,1329,1349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19D1FAB8838DFAD8" box="[687,734,1329,1349]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">17.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8FAC0838DFAC0" box="[134,734,1353,1373]" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8FAC080BAFAC0" box="[134,489,1353,1373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Diaphysis, least width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1948FAC08305FAC0" box="[566,598,1353,1373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19D1FAC0838DFAC0" box="[687,734,1353,1373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">10.9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5844591853FB1D840DFA10" blockId="41.[810,1457,1140,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
A partial left and right ulna are preserved for the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C5844591E2FFB1D84E3FB33" box="[1361,1456,1172,1198]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5844591850FB3D82D8FB53" box="[814,907,1204,1230]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276 of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591F60FB3D845CFB53" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1054,1295,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591F60FB3D845CFB53" box="[1054,1295,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5844591E68FB3D84FCFB53" box="[1302,1455,1204,1230]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
For the left ulna, only a severely abraded proximal portion is preserved. For the right ulna, only the diaphysis with proximal and distal epiphyses is preserved, lacking the distolateral and distal portions. Associated with the referred radius
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5844591850FADA82D9FAF0" box="[814,906,1363,1389]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI280, there is also a right ulna. For the latter ulna, only the anterior half of the bone is preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C584459183DFA1A84E3FA70" blockId="41.[810,1457,1140,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
The ulna is fairly straight, only faintly curving posteriorly. This corresponds with most other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591FF9FA3A845FFA50" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1159,1292,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C584459180BFA5A82B3FA70" box="[885,992,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C584459180BFA5A82B3FA70" box="[885,992,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which this curvature is more pronounced.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFA3483BBFA66" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFA3483BBFA66" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5844591BFAFA3483BBFA66" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" startId="41.[132,143,1469,1486]" targetBox="[134,764,1589,2018]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="41" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5844591BFAFA3483BBFA66" blockId="41.[132,775,1469,1531]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5844591BFAFA3481E1FA50" baselines="1482,1482" box="[132,178,1469,1486]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
16. — Measurements (in mm) of the ulna of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C584459193DFA348254FA53" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[579,775,1469,1486]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C584459193DFA348254FA53" box="[579,775,1469,1486]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5844591BFAFA5D81ADFA78" box="[132,254,1492,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591907FA5D83D7FA78" bold="true" box="[633,644,1492,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591AEBFA6380E1FA66" bold="true" box="[405,434,1514,1531]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C58445A183DFA7A836DF931" blockId="41.[810,1457,1140,2028]" lastBlockId="42.[130,777,1618,2028]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
The transversely flattened olecranon process is strongly protruding. The proximal margin of the olecranon process is markedly concave. This results in an apparently less posterodistally slanting posterior part of the olecranon process than in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591850F9FB82C2F911" box="[814,913,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
. The only other phocids with such a strong concavity on the proximal margin of the olecranon process are
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591E44F91B84FDF931" box="[1338,1454,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591E44F91B84FDF931" box="[1338,1454,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591827F93B829BF951" authorityName="de Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[857,968,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Messiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591827F93B829BF951" box="[857,968,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Messiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and to a lesser extent
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591FD0F93B844AF951" box="[1198,1305,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591FD0F93B844AF951" box="[1198,1305,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The anconeal process on the medial margin of the proximal tip of the olecranon process is prominent and little sloping distally in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591E42F97B84FEF891" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1340,1453,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591E42F97B84FEF891" box="[1340,1453,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5844591853F89B8227F8B1" box="[813,884,1810,1836]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A prominent anconeal process is a characteristic shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C584459181DF8B88290F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[867,963,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
and several other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591FACF8B88404F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1234,1367,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591850F8D882C0F8F6" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[814,915,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591850F8D882C0F8F6" box="[814,915,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C58445918DFF8D88546F8F6" box="[929,1045,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C58445918DFF8D88546F8F6" box="[929,1045,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591F5DF8D885C1F8F6" authorityName="de Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1059,1170,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Messiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591F5DF8D885C1F8F6" box="[1059,1170,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Messiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591FDEF8D88459F8F6" box="[1184,1290,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591FDEF8D88459F8F6" box="[1184,1290,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591E36F8D884FBF8F6" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[1352,1448,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591E36F8D884FBF8F6" box="[1352,1448,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but not with extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5844591889F8F88529F816" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1015,1146,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
in which the anconeal process is generally reduced. The trochlear notch terminates proximally in a distinct coronoid process.In the trochlear notch, the greater sigmoid cavity for articulation with the humerus forms a horizontal saddle-shaped concavity that curves medially, distally, around the lesser sigmoid cavity. The lesser sigmoid cavity is flat and sub-circular, facing anterolaterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5844591925F9BC83BAF87F" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<table id="F90A80E44C58BB8F1BF8F9BC83AFF87F" box="[134,764,1589,2018]" gridcols="3" gridrows="17" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F9BC83AFF9D4" box="[134,764,1589,1609]" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F9BC83AFF9D4" box="[134,764,1589,1609]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591925F9BC83AFF9D4" bold="true" box="[603,764,1589,1609]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">MNHN.F.PPI276</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F9C683AFF9FE" box="[134,764,1615,1635]" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F9C683AFF9FE" box="[134,764,1615,1635]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591907F9C6838DF9FE" bold="true" box="[633,734,1615,1635]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">(holotype)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F9E483AFF91C" box="[134,764,1645,1665]" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F9E48310F91C" box="[134,579,1645,1665]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591BF8F9E481BFF91C" bold="true" box="[134,236,1645,1665]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F9E483CDF91C" box="[617,670,1645,1665]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5844591910F9E483DDF91C" bold="true" box="[622,654,1645,1665]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F9E483AFF91C" box="[697,764,1645,1665]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C58445919BCF9E483A2F91C" bold="true" box="[706,753,1645,1665]" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F91883AFF938" box="[134,764,1681,1701]" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F9188310F938" box="[134,579,1681,1701]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Overall, total length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F91883CDF938" box="[617,670,1681,1701]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F91883AFF938" box="[697,764,1681,1701]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">160.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F92083AFF920" box="[134,764,1705,1725]" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F9208310F920" box="[134,579,1705,1725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Overall, length from proximal tip to oblong</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F92083CDF920" box="[617,670,1705,1725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">38.4e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F92083AFF920" box="[697,764,1705,1725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">37.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F94B83AFF94B" box="[134,764,1730,1750]" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F94B8310F94B" box="[134,579,1730,1750]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">rugosity</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F95383AFF973" box="[134,764,1754,1774]" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F9538310F973" box="[134,579,1754,1774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Sigmoid facet, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F95383CDF973" box="[617,670,1754,1774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F95383AFF973" box="[697,764,1754,1774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">106.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F97A83AFF89A" box="[134,764,1779,1799]" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F97A8310F89A" box="[134,579,1779,1799]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Greater sigmoid cavity, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F97A83CDF89A" box="[617,670,1779,1799]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F97A83AFF89A" box="[697,764,1779,1799]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F88283AFF882" box="[134,764,1803,1823]" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F8828310F882" box="[134,579,1803,1823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Greater sigmoid cavity, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F88283CDF882" box="[617,670,1803,1823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F88283AFF882" box="[697,764,1803,1823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F8AA83AFF8AA" box="[134,764,1827,1847]" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F8AA8310F8AA" box="[134,579,1827,1847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Lesser sigmoid cavity, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F8AA83CDF8AA" box="[617,670,1827,1847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F8AA83AFF8AA" box="[697,764,1827,1847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">16.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F8B283AFF8D2" box="[134,764,1851,1871]" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F8B28310F8D2" box="[134,579,1851,1871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Lesser sigmoid cavity, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F8B283CDF8D2" box="[617,670,1851,1871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F8B283AFF8D2" box="[697,764,1851,1871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">13.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F8DA83AFF8FA" box="[134,764,1875,1895]" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F8DA8310F8FA" box="[134,579,1875,1895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Oblong rugosity, width of diaphysis at the level</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F8DA83CDF8FA" box="[617,670,1875,1895]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F8DA83AFF8FA" box="[697,764,1875,1895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">12.8e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F8E483AFF81C" box="[134,764,1901,1921]" gridrow="12" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F8E48310F81C" box="[134,579,1901,1921]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">of the oblong rugosity</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F80C83AFF804" box="[134,764,1925,1945]" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F80C8310F804" box="[134,579,1925,1945]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Oblong rugosity, breath of the diaphysis at the</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F80C83CDF804" box="[617,670,1925,1945]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F80C83AFF804" box="[697,764,1925,1945]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">27.0e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F81783AFF82F" box="[134,764,1950,1970]" gridrow="14" pageId="41" pageNumber="70" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F8178310F82F" box="[134,579,1950,1970]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">level of the oblong rugosity</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F83F83AFF857" box="[134,764,1974,1994]" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F83F8310F857" box="[134,579,1974,1994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Olecranon, length of the crest</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F83F83CDF857" box="[617,670,1974,1994]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">57.3e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F83F83AFF857" box="[697,764,1974,1994]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C58BB8F1BF8F84783AFF87F" box="[134,764,1998,2018]" gridrow="16" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">
<th id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1BF8F8478310F87F" box="[134,579,1998,2018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">Anconeal tuberosity, width across</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F1917F84783CDF87F" box="[617,670,1998,2018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">17.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C58BB8F19C7F84783AFF87F" box="[697,764,1998,2018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="41" pageNumber="70">n/a</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5B445A1BFAFA4F8543F998" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671212/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" startId="42.[132,143,1478,1495]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1436]" targetPageId="42" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5B445A1BFAFA4F8543F998" blockId="42.[132,1456,1408,1541]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5B445A1BFAFA4F81CEFA4A" baselines="1491,1492" box="[132,157,1478,1495]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 30. — Ulnae of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5B445A1A57FA4F80BDFA4A" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[297,494,1478,1495]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A1A57FA4F80BDFA4A" box="[297,494,1478,1495]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5B445A1A8CFA4F8335FA4A" box="[498,614,1478,1495]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A182BFA4F8231FA4A" bold="true" box="[853,866,1478,1495]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
, left ulna, with only the proximal half incompletely preserved, in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A1BCAFA548192FA73" bold="true" box="[180,193,1501,1518]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
, the same ulna in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A1AB0FA54808FFA73" bold="true" box="[462,476,1501,1518]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
, the same ulna in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A19A2FA5483B9FA73" bold="true" box="[732,746,1501,1518]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
, right ulna, missing the olecranon process in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A1FB5FA548584FA73" bold="true" box="[1227,1239,1501,1518]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
, the same ulna in anterior view. Dashed lines in
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A1A46FA7D8016F998" bold="true" box="[312,325,1524,1541]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A1A11FA7D802EF998" bold="true" box="[367,381,1524,1541]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
aid in visualizing the overall shape of the olecranon process. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5B445A1BE5F93B8347F811" blockId="42.[130,777,1618,2028]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">
The diaphysis is transversely strongly flattened. On the anterior margin of the diaphysis, a prominent oblong rugosity for the interosseous ligament is located just distal to mid-length of the bone. At the distal extremity of the ulna, the styloid process is flattened, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5B445A1A9BF8B8833EF8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[485,621,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(char. 71[1]). This condition varies among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5B445A1AC5F8D88372F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[443,545,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, between being either flattened or pointed in different taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5B445A1BE5F8188439F911" blockId="42.[130,777,1618,2028]" lastBlockId="42.[811,1455,1618,1676]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">The flattened articular facet for the pyramidal, at the apex of the styloid process, is bean-shaped in distal view. This process is shifted posteriorly in relation to the long axis of the bone. On the lateral margin of the styloid process, a laterally-facing concavity marks the articular facet for the cuneiform.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5B445A1853F93B8289F951" blockId="42.[813,1456,1714,1868]" box="[813,986,1714,1740]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5B445A1853F93B8289F951" box="[813,986,1714,1740]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A1853F93B8289F951" box="[813,986,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">
Carpus (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5B445A18F8F93A8282F951" box="[902,977,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[132,143,1491,1508]" captionTargetBox="[431,1156,215,1449]" captionTargetId="figure-243@44.[370,896,784,1356]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 32. — Carpals referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI295): A, right scapholunar in proximal view; B, the same scapholunar in distal view; C, the same scapholunar in lateral view; D, the same scapholunar in medial view; E, right trapezoid in dorsal view; F, the same trapezoid in proximal view; G, the same trapezoid in distal view; H, right trapezium in dorsal view; I, the same trapezium in palmar view; J, the same trapezium in mediodistal view; K, right magnum medial view; L, the same magnum in lateral view; M, the same magnum in proximal view; N, the same magnum in distal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671218/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5B445A1853F95B8468F8D1" blockId="42.[813,1456,1714,1868]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">
Several bones of the carpus are known for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5B445A1F88F95B8239F891" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A1F88F95B8239F891" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5B445A180FF97B855BF891" box="[881,1032,1778,1804]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C5B445A1F71F97B8538F891" box="[1039,1131,1778,1804]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5B445A1F0AF97B859DF891" box="[1140,1230,1778,1804]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI269 includes a left scapholunar and
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5B445A1F67F8988526F8B1" box="[1049,1141,1809,1836]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI295 includes the right scapholunar, trapezium, trapezoid and magnum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5B445A1853F8F882FDF816" blockId="42.[811,1456,1905,2028]" box="[813,942,1905,1931]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5B445A1853F8F882FDF816" box="[813,942,1905,1931]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5B445A1853F8F882FDF816" box="[813,942,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">Scapholunar</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5B445A1853F81884FCF876" blockId="42.[811,1456,1905,2028]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71">
The bone bears the typical concavo-convex proximal articular surface for the radius as observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5B445A1FC7F8388473F856" box="[1209,1312,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
. As observed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5B445A1831F85882A5F876" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[847,1014,2001,2027]" pageId="42" pageNumber="71" pagination="20 - 161" refId="ref48718" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1981. - Les vertebres fossils de la Formation Pisco (Perou) Premiere partie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae: Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud Sacaco. Institut francais d'Etudes Andines, Memoire 6: 20 - 161." type="journal article" year="1981">Muizon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
the concave part of the articular surface
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5A445B1BFAFD5183FBFC8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671214/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" startId="43.[132,143,728,745]" targetBox="[132,775,215,687]" targetPageId="43" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B1BFAFD5183FBFC8A" blockId="43.[132,776,728,791]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5A445B1BFAFD5181CEFD74" baselines="741,742" box="[132,157,728,745]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 31. — Right ulna referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1AD0FD5183D3FD74" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[430,640,728,745]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1AD0FD5183D3FD74" box="[430,640,728,745]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B19F6FD51825BFD74" box="[648,776,728,745]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI279):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1A5DFD668063FC9D" bold="true" box="[291,304,751,768]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">A</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1ADBFD6680E1FC9D" bold="true" box="[421,434,751,768]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">B</emphasis>
, medial view. Note the strong concavity of the proximal margin of the olecranon process. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B1BFAFCDC803AFB73" blockId="43.[130,777,853,1772]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">
is separated from the convex one by a distinct constriction in phocines whereas no constriction exists in monachines. In this respect, the condition of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1A92FC1C8330FC32" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[492,611,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1A92FC1C8330FC32" box="[492,611,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1915FC1C83E4FC32" box="[619,695,917,943]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles that of other monachines. Furthermore, in phocines, the concave part is medial to the convex part; whereas it is anterior in monachines. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1ACEFC7D8374FB93" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[432,551,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1ACEFC7D8374FB93" box="[432,551,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1950FC7C832FFB92" box="[558,636,1013,1039]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the concave part is anteromedial to the convex one, being intermediate between phocines and monachines. As observed in phocines the anterior tuberosity for ligament attachment is salient and pointed, but not wide and round as in monachines. Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1BC3FB1D8067FB33" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,308,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1BC3FB1D8067FB33" box="[189,308,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1A42FB1D80DBFB33" box="[316,392,1172,1198]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1969FB1D83D1FB33" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[535,642,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1969FB1D83D1FB33" box="[535,642,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since in the latter the condition of the last two features mentioned above is clearly monachine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B1BE5FB7A8091F990" blockId="43.[130,777,853,1772]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Distally the scapholunar bears four facets, from anterior to posterior: 1) a circular facet for the styloid process of the trapezium; this facet is separated by a faint ridge from the 2) oval-shaped trapezoid facet; 3) the small transversely elongated facet for the magnum, which is distinctly wider palmarly than dorsally and facing distally; and 4) the facet for the hamate, which is triangular, wider dorsally than palmarly and distinctly facing posteriorly. A pronounced carina separates the facets for the hamate and magnum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B1BE5F99A838DF971" blockId="43.[130,777,853,1772]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">
In extant phocines, the trapezium facet is medial to the trapezoid one whereas in extant monachine it is anterior to it. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1BFDF9DB81AAF9F1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[131,249,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1BFDF9DB81AAF9F1" box="[131,249,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1A7EF9DA8018F9F0" box="[256,331,1619,1645]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the facet is anterolateral to the trapezium facet is anteromedial to that for the trapezoid, as is observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1BDDF91B805EF931" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[163,269,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1BDDF91B805EF931" box="[163,269,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being intermediate between the condition in extant phocines and monachines. In the latter the four distal facets of the scapholunar are anteroposteriorly disposed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B1BFAF89B81B9F8B1" blockId="43.[130,777,1810,2028]" box="[132,234,1810,1836]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5A445B1BFAF89B81B9F8B1" box="[132,234,1810,1836]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1BFAF89B81B9F8B1" box="[132,234,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Trapezoid</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B1BFAF8B88255F876" blockId="43.[130,777,1810,2028]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">
This bone is triangular in proximal view and proximodistally short (proximodistal length is roughly half of the dorsal anterioposterior width) in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1A05F8F8833AF816" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[379,617,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1A05F8F8833AF816" box="[379,617,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B190EF8FB8254F811" box="[624,775,1906,1932]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The proximal articular facet is concavo-convex, triangular, and articulates with the scapholunar, posteriorly to the trapezium facet.Two facets are observed on the distal aspect of the bone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B1855FF5E84F7FEEC" blockId="43.[811,1456,215,369]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Anteriorly, a saddle-shaped facet roughly ovoid to rectangular articulating with the trapezium; and posteriorly, a much smaller elongated roughly rectangular facet articulating with the anterodistal facet of the McII. Both facets are separated by an elevated crest and are approximately at a right angle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B1853FE1F8508FB93" blockId="43.[810,1457,406,1390]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1853FE1F82F9FE2D" bold="true" box="[813,938,406,432]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Trapezium.</emphasis>
The proximal part of the bone bears two facets. An anterior one strongly convex, and subvertical for the scapholunar; and a posterior one, smoothly concave and gently sloping posteriorly for the trapezoid. The contact of the two facets is a sharp carina, which forms a strongly elevated styloid process, the apex of which is located in the anterior region of the bone (in dorsal view). As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5A445B1F98FDDF84D8FDED" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[1254,1419,598,624]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" pagination="20 - 161" refId="ref48718" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1981. - Les vertebres fossils de la Formation Pisco (Perou) Premiere partie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae: Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud Sacaco. Institut francais d'Etudes Andines, Memoire 6: 20 - 161." type="journal article" year="1981">Muizon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, in extant monachines, the styloid process is very low and more resembles a crest, whereas in extant phocines it is strongly elevated as is observed on
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1F48FD3C844EFD52" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1078,1309,693,719]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1F48FD3C844EFD52" box="[1078,1309,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1E5AFD3F84E3FD4D" box="[1316,1456,694,720]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The condition of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1898FD5C850FFD72" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[998,1116,725,751]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1898FD5C850FFD72" box="[998,1116,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1F1DFD5F85FFFD6D" box="[1123,1196,726,752]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles that observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1837FD7C82E0FC92" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[841,947,757,783]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1837FD7C82E0FC92" box="[841,947,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In extant monachines, the trapezoid facet is as deeply excavated as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1F61FC9C85C6FCB2" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1055,1173,789,815]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1F61FC9C85C6FCB2" box="[1055,1173,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1FE2FC9F85BAFCAD" box="[1180,1257,790,816]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, whereas in extant phocines this facet is only slightly concave. Posterior to the trapezoid facet is a small circular facet that articulates with the small anterior circular facet of the McII, distal to that for the trapezoid. Both facets for the trapezoid and McII on the trapezium are approximately at a right angle. The McII facet of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1803FC5D82A1FC73" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[893,1010,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1803FC5D82A1FC73" box="[893,1010,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1887FC5C8512FC72" box="[1017,1089,981,1007]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is much smaller than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1E40FC5D84F4FC73" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1342,1447,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1E40FC5D84F4FC73" box="[1342,1447,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being at least twice as small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B183DFB9C84FBFB33" blockId="43.[810,1457,406,1390]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">
In lateral view, the body of the bone is relatively longer (proximodistally) in extant monachines than in extant phocines. The condition of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1F4FFBDD85F4FBF3" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1073,1191,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1F4FFBDD85F4FBF3" box="[1073,1191,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1FD0FBDC85AAFBF2" box="[1198,1273,1109,1135]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resemble that of phocines; it differs from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1F18FBFD8598FB13" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1126,1227,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1F18FBFD8598FB13" box="[1126,1227,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1F84FBFD8430FB13" box="[1274,1379,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1F84FBFD8430FB13" box="[1274,1379,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are intermediate between phocines and extant monachines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B183DFB3D8440FAF0" blockId="43.[810,1457,406,1390]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">
The distal articular facet for McI in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1F9FFB3D8409FB53" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1249,1370,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1F9FFB3D8409FB53" box="[1249,1370,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1E1FFB3D84E3FB53" box="[1377,1456,1204,1230]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is trifoliate with deep lateral and medial notches. It differs from the cordiform facet observed in phocines and from the triangular one with rounded angles of extant monachines. It also differs from the condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1FE4FABA8457FAD0" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1178,1284,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1FE4FABA8457FAD0" box="[1178,1284,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1E44FABA84FBFAD0" box="[1338,1448,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1E44FABA84FBFAD0" box="[1338,1448,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which feature a phocine-like cordiform facet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5A445B1853FA1A8578F871" blockId="43.[811,1458,1427,2028]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1853FA1A82CFFA30" bold="true" box="[813,924,1427,1453]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magnum.</emphasis>
This bone is markedly triangular in anterior or posterior view in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B188AFA3A85BBFA50" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1012,1256,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B188AFA3A85BBFA50" box="[1012,1256,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1F8EFA3A84D8FA50" box="[1264,1419,1459,1485]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Its dorsal part is proximodistally very short whereas its palmar edge is much longer, a condition which resembles that observed in extant phocines and fossil monachines
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1E40F99B84F5F9B1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1342,1446,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1E40F99B84F5F9B1" box="[1342,1446,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1823F9BB829DF9D1" box="[861,974,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1823F9BB829DF9D1" box="[861,974,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As observed in the latter two, the articular facet for the scapholunar is strongly oblique, facing proximodorsally and anteriorly. However, in these two taxa, the condition is less pronounced since the lateral side of the magnum is higher than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1F37F93B8592F951" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1097,1217,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1F37F93B8592F951" box="[1097,1217,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1FB6F93A8440F950" box="[1224,1299,1715,1741]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and phocines, and the facet for the scapholunar is less oblique. In extant lobodontins, the magnum is roughly rectangular in anterior and posterior view (the lateral side being roughly as high as the medial one) and the scapholunar facet is roughly parallel to the distal facet for the McIII. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1E6DF8D8842CF8F6" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1299,1407,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1E6DF8D8842CF8F6" box="[1299,1407,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1850F8F882C0F816" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[814,915,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1850F8F882C0F816" box="[814,915,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the condition is intermediate between extant phocines and lobodontin monachines. The distal facet for the McIII of the magnum of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5A445B1F36F8388593F856" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1096,1216,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5A445B1F36F8388593F856" box="[1096,1216,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="72">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5A445B1FB9F83B8447F851" box="[1223,1300,1970,1996]" pageId="43" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is rectangular and smoothly concave.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5D445C1BFAFA5A8426F9B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671218" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671218/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" startId="44.[132,143,1491,1508]" targetBox="[431,1156,215,1449]" targetPageId="44" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5D445C1BFAFA5A8426F9B5" blockId="44.[132,1457,1491,1576]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5D445C1BFAFA5A81CEFA7E" baselines="1504,1504" box="[132,157,1491,1508]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 32. — Carpals referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5D445C1AFEFA5A8317FA79" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[384,580,1491,1508]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1AFEFA5A8317FA79" box="[384,580,1491,1508]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5D445C1936FA5A83E8FA79" box="[584,699,1491,1508]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI295):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1823FA5A8239FA79" bold="true" box="[861,874,1491,1508]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">A</emphasis>
, right scapholunar in proximal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1FE4FA5A85F4FA79" bold="true" box="[1178,1191,1491,1508]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">B</emphasis>
, the same scapholunar in distal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1BCAFA638191FA66" bold="true" box="[180,194,1514,1531]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">C</emphasis>
, the same scapholunar in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C197BFA638340FA66" bold="true" box="[517,531,1514,1531]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">D</emphasis>
, the same scapholunar in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1824FA638235FA66" bold="true" box="[858,870,1514,1531]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">E</emphasis>
, right trapezoid in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1F14FA638526FA66" bold="true" box="[1130,1141,1514,1531]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">F</emphasis>
, the same trapezoid in proximal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1BFAF98981C1F98C" bold="true" box="[132,146,1536,1553]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">G</emphasis>
, the same trapezoid in distal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1AC9F9898096F98C" bold="true" box="[439,453,1536,1553]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">H</emphasis>
, right trapezium in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C19B0F9898387F98C" bold="true" box="[718,724,1536,1553]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">I</emphasis>
, the same trapezium in palmar view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1F74F9898547F98C" bold="true" box="[1034,1044,1536,1553]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">J</emphasis>
, the same trapezium in mediodistal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1E0CF989842CF98C" bold="true" box="[1394,1407,1536,1553]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">K</emphasis>
, right magnum medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1A41F99E8019F9B5" bold="true" box="[319,330,1559,1576]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">L</emphasis>
, the same magnum in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C190FF99E83D1F9B5" bold="true" box="[625,642,1559,1576]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">M</emphasis>
, the same magnum in proximal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C18C3F99E8298F9B5" bold="true" box="[957,971,1559,1576]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">N</emphasis>
, the same magnum in distal view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5D445C1BFAF9FA80AAF910" blockId="44.[132,777,1650,1772]" box="[132,505,1650,1677]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5D445C1BFAF9FA80AAF910" box="[132,505,1650,1677]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1BFAF9FA80AAF910" box="[132,505,1650,1677]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">
Metacarpus (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5D445C1A75F9FA8004F911" box="[267,343,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,215,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@46.[339,886,782,1353]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 33. — Metacarpals referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI295):A-E, right McV to McII and left McI in dorsal view (the latter is reversed on the figure in order to fit the other metacarpals which are all from the right manus; F-J, the same metacarpals, but inversed, in ventral view; K-N, right McII to McV in medial view; O-R, the same in lateral view. Abbreviations: m. ext. digit. lat., musculus extensor digitorum lateralis; tubs., tubercles Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671220/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C5D445C1A1DF9FB8095F911" box="[355,454,1650,1676]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="45.[131,142,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="TABLE 17. — Relative lengths of McI and McII in fossil and extant Phocidae.The length of the incomplete McI of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp., which lacks its distal extremity has been estimated by comparison with the McI of MNHN.F.PPI297 that is lacking the proximal epiphysis; addition of the length of the proximal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI295 to the length of the diaphysis and distal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI297; provides an estimate of the total length of McI. Furthermore, the distal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI295 is slightly eroded probably missing very little of the bone; therefore, the length of the McII of Magophoca n. gen. is also slightly estimated. e, estimate for a character due to minor damage. Measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5C445D1BFDFF52808BFE25" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C5C445D1BFDFF52808BFE25">Tables 17</tableCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C5D445C1AAAF9FB80A3F911" box="[468,496,1650,1676]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="47.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="TABLE 18. — Relative lengths of McII and McIII in some extant and extinct phocids. Measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5E445F1BFAFF5280DEFE9E" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C5E445F1BFAFF5280DEFE9E">18</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5D445C1BFAF91B833BF971" blockId="44.[132,777,1650,1772]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">
Besides several carpal bones,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5D445C1AACF91B8363F930" box="[466,560,1682,1709]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI295 includes the five metacarpals, four of them being complete or almost complete. Only McI is missing its distal end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5D445C1BFAF89B8510F831" blockId="44.[130,777,1809,2028]" lastBlockId="44.[811,1457,1650,2028]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1BFAF89B800BF8B6" bold="true" box="[132,344,1809,1836]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">Metacarpal I (McI).</emphasis>
Because this metacarpal is incomplete, its length cannot be compared to that of other phocids.However, as preserved it is roughly as long as the complete McII; the complete McI was therefore significantly longer than McII. Furthermore, an isolated McI (
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5D445C1AA5F8188364F836" box="[475,567,1937,1963]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI297, referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5D445C1BDFF83880DEF856" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[161,397,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1BDFF83880DEF856" box="[161,397,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5D445C1AEAF83B8376F856" box="[404,549,1969,1996]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) lacking its proximal epiphysis is
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C5D445C1B81F8588018F871" box="[255,331,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="66.0">66 mm</quantity>
long. The length of the proximal epiphysis (including the styloid process) of the McI of
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5D445C1F93F9FB8416F910" box="[1261,1349,1650,1677]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI295 is approximately
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C5D445C18A1F91B8515F930" box="[991,1094,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
. Therefore, because the two bones appear to be roughly of the same size, a reasonable estimation of the McI of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5D445C18BBF95B8568F971" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[965,1083,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C18BBF95B8568F971" box="[965,1083,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5D445C1F3CF95B85DEF971" box="[1090,1165,1746,1772]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
could be 66 + 11.5 =
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C5D445C1E00F95B820EF891" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="77.5">77.5 mm</quantity>
. This metapodial was therefore approximately 29.7% longer than the McII (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C5D445C1F51F898853DF8B1" box="[1071,1134,1809,1836]" degrees="54.5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" precision="5555" value="54.5">54.5e</geoCoordinate>
mm, see
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C5D445C1FA3F89B846EF8B1" box="[1245,1341,1810,1836]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="45.[131,142,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="TABLE 17. — Relative lengths of McI and McII in fossil and extant Phocidae.The length of the incomplete McI of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp., which lacks its distal extremity has been estimated by comparison with the McI of MNHN.F.PPI297 that is lacking the proximal epiphysis; addition of the length of the proximal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI295 to the length of the diaphysis and distal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI297; provides an estimate of the total length of McI. Furthermore, the distal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI295 is slightly eroded probably missing very little of the bone; therefore, the length of the McII of Magophoca n. gen. is also slightly estimated. e, estimate for a character due to minor damage. Measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5C445D1BFDFF52808BFE25" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C5C445D1BFDFF52808BFE25">Table 17</tableCitation>
). An McI clearly longer than the McII is present in all monachines, both extant and extinct. This condition contrasts with that in phocines, in which the McI is roughly as long as, or only slightly longer than McII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5D445D183DF8388310F871" blockId="44.[811,1457,1650,2028]" lastBlockId="45.[131,777,1491,2028]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">
The proximal end of the McI of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5D445C1FE3F8388446F856" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1181,1301,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1FE3F8388446F856" box="[1181,1301,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5D445C1E62F83B8434F851" box="[1308,1383,1970,1996]" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is well preserved and is clearly more quadrate than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5D445C1E3EF85884E2F876" box="[1344,1457,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="44" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5D445C1E3EF85884E2F876" box="[1344,1457,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="73">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which it is rectangular, being longer anteroposteriorly than wide dorsopalmarly. The condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D190AFA7A83BDF990" box="[628,750,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D190AFA7A83BDF990" box="[628,750,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is intermediate between that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1AABF99B831DF9B1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[469,590,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1AABF99B831DF9B1" box="[469,590,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5C445D192BF99A83F0F9B0" box="[597,675,1555,1581]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D199FF99A8185F9D1" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D199FF99A8185F9D1" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In contrast, the condition of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1946F9BB83E2F9D1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[568,689,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1946F9BB83E2F9D1" box="[568,689,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5C445D19C7F9BA8254F9D0" box="[697,775,1587,1613]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles the quadrate morphology observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D19E7F9DB83ACF9F1" box="[665,767,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D19E7F9DB83ACF9F1" box="[665,767,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At the anterodorsal angle of the McI is a prominent styloid process for insertion of the
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1ADFF91A83FDF931" box="[417,686,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">m. abductor pollicis longus</emphasis>
muscle. This process is more developed than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D195AF93B83C7F951" box="[548,660,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D195AF93B83C7F951" box="[548,660,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and much more than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1A5AF95B80C3F971" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[292,400,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1A5AF95B80C3F971" box="[292,400,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5C445D1ADEF95B80ACF971" box="[416,511,1746,1772]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI273),
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D19FBF95B83ACF971" box="[645,767,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D19FBF95B83ACF971" box="[645,767,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BFAF97B81A0F891" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[132,243,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BFAF97B81A0F891" box="[132,243,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1A45F97B8082F891" box="[315,465,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1A45F97B8082F891" box="[315,465,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Neomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(it is barely present in the latter). The larger styloid process of the McI of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D19F1F89B8254F8B1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[655,775,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D19F1F89B8254F8B1" box="[655,775,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5C445D1BFAF8BB8182F8D1" box="[132,209,1842,1868]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
would indicate a stronger and more active muscle. Because the contraction of the
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1A96F8DB825AF8F6" box="[488,777,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">m. abductor pollicis longus</emphasis>
stretches the flipper, this movement should be more efficient in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BDCF8188049F836" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[162,282,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BDCF8188049F836" box="[162,282,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5C445D1A5FF81B803EF831" box="[289,365,1938,1964]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
than in other monachines, fossil and extant. In extant lobodontins, the styloid process is very reduced; it is almost absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1AA8F858836FF876" box="[470,572,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1AA8F858836FF876" box="[470,572,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5C445D1BFDFF52808BFE25" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C5C445D1BFDFF52808BFE25" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5C445D1BFDFF52808BFE25" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" startId="45.[131,142,219,236]" targetBox="[134,772,498,1389]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="45" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5C445D1BFDFF52808BFE25" blockId="45.[131,775,219,440]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5C445D1BFDFF5281E1FF76" baselines="232,232" box="[131,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
17. — Relative lengths of McI and McII in fossil and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D19EEFF5283B2FF71" box="[656,737,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
.The length of the incomplete McI of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1AF1FF7B8300FE9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[399,595,242,259]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1AF1FF7B8300FE9E" box="[399,595,242,259]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5C445D1927FF7B839CFE9E" box="[601,719,242,259]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which lacks its distal extremity has been estimated by comparison with the McI of MNHN.F.PPI297 that is lacking the proximal epiphysis; addition of the length of the proximal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI295 to the length of the diaphysis and distal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI297; provides an estimate of the total length of McI. Furthermore, the distal epiphysis of MNHN.F.PPI295 is slightly eroded probably missing very little of the bone; therefore, the length of the McII of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BFAFE1881B4FE3F" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[132,231,401,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BFAFE1881B4FE3F" box="[132,231,401,418]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5C445D1B93FE18807BFE3F" box="[237,296,401,418]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also slightly estimated.
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D197AFE18835CFE3F" bold="true" box="[516,527,401,418]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage. Measurements in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5C445D1853FF5E8584FEEC" blockId="45.[811,1457,215,1070]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1853FF5E854AFF6C" bold="true" box="[813,1049,215,241]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Metacarpal II (McII).</emphasis>
This metacarpal is almost complete in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5C445D1855FF7E82D4FE8F" box="[811,903,247,274]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI295, only missing some fragments of the diaphysis and being slightly eroded at its proximal articulation. However, these deteriorations do not prevent from measuring the length and distal width of the bone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5C445D183DFEFE82A9FDED" blockId="45.[811,1457,215,1070]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
On the proximal extremity of the bone, the articular facet for the trapezoid is sloping anterodistally and is at an angle of approximately 51° to the length of the bone. This angle is 45° in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D18EAFE5F8550FE6D" box="[916,1027,470,496]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D18EAFE5F8550FE6D" box="[916,1027,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5C445D1F6DFE5E8522FE6C" box="[1043,1137,471,497]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.SAS501), 57° in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1E39FE5F84E2FE6D" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1351,1457,470,496]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1E39FE5F84E2FE6D" box="[1351,1457,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5C445D1848FE7E82C7FD8C" box="[822,916,503,529]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.SAS563). In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1F48FE7F85FEFD8D" box="[1078,1197,502,528]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1F48FE7F85FEFD8D" box="[1078,1197,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the angle is 88° and the sloping of the facet is more reduced than in the Peruvian monachines; whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1F44FDBF85F7FDCD" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1082,1188,566,592]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1F44FDBF85F7FDCD" box="[1082,1188,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the angle is 28° and the facet is subvertical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5C445D19CFFE7B83A4FAF0" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<table id="F90A80E44C5CBB8F1BF8FE7B8257FAF0" box="[134,772,498,1389]" gridcols="4" gridrows="34" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FE7B8257FD9B" box="[134,772,498,518]" gridrow="0" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFE7B8257FD9B" box="[689,772,498,518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D19CFFE7B8257FD9B" bold="true" box="[689,772,498,518]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">L McII/L</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FD858257FDBD" box="[134,772,524,544]" gridrow="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FD85830AFDBD" box="[536,601,524,544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1961FD85830BFDBD" bold="true" box="[543,600,524,544]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">L McI</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFD8583F5FDBD" box="[612,678,524,544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1916FD8583F5FDBD" bold="true" box="[616,678,524,544]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">L McII</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFD858257FDBD" box="[689,772,524,544]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D19B9FD8583BEFDBD" bold="true" box="[711,749,524,544]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">McI</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FDA68257FDD9" box="[134,772,559,580]" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FDA6835EFDD9" box="[134,525,559,580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FDB98035FDD9" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,358,560,580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FDB98035FDD9" box="[134,358,560,580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5C445D1A12FDB980BCFDD9" box="[364,495,560,580]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FDA6830AFDD9" box="[536,601,559,580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">77.5e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFDA683F5FDD9" box="[612,678,559,580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">54.5e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFDA68257FDD9" box="[689,772,559,580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.703e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FDC08257FDC0" box="[134,772,585,605]" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FDC0835EFDC0" box="[134,525,585,605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">(MNHN.F.PPI295)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FDE48257FD1C" box="[134,772,621,641]" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FDE4835EFD1C" box="[134,525,621,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FDE480DEFD1C" bold="true" box="[134,397,621,641]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
Other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1A6EFDE480DEFD1C" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[272,397,621,641]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FD0C8257FD04" box="[134,772,645,665]" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FD0C835EFD04" box="[134,525,645,665]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Acrophoca (MNHN.F.PPI273)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FD0C830AFD04" box="[536,601,645,665]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">89.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFD0C83F5FD04" box="[612,678,645,665]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">66.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFD0C8257FD04" box="[689,772,645,665]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.74</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FD148257FD2C" box="[134,772,669,689]" gridrow="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FD14835EFD2C" box="[134,525,669,689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FD148015FD2C" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[134,326,669,689]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FD148015FD2C" box="[134,326,669,689]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Piscophoca pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN.F.SAS564)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FD14830AFD2C" box="[536,601,669,689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">92.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFD1483F5FD2C" box="[612,678,669,689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">70.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFD148257FD2C" box="[689,772,669,689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.76</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FD488257FD48" box="[134,772,705,725]" gridrow="7" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FD48835EFD48" box="[134,525,705,725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FD488064FD48" bold="true" box="[134,311,705,725]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BB3FD488064FD48" box="[205,311,705,725]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FD508257FD73" box="[134,772,729,750]" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FD50835EFD73" box="[134,525,729,750]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FD538001FD73" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1779" box="[134,338,730,750]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FD538001FD73" box="[134,338,730,750]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Monachus monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FD50830AFD73" box="[536,601,729,750]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">83.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFD5083F5FD73" box="[612,678,729,750]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">59.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFD508257FD73" box="[689,772,729,750]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.71</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FD7A8257FC9A" box="[134,772,755,775]" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FD7A835EFC9A" box="[134,525,755,775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">(MNHN-ZM-AC-A7953)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FC828257FC82" box="[134,772,779,799]" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FC82835EFC82" box="[134,525,779,799]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FC82803FFC82" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[134,364,779,799]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FC82803FFC82" box="[134,364,779,799]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Neomonachus tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FC82830AFC82" box="[536,601,779,799]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">90.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFC8283F5FC82" box="[612,678,779,799]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">65.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFC828257FC82" box="[689,772,779,799]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.73</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FCAC8257FCA4" box="[134,772,805,825]" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FCAC835EFCA4" box="[134,525,805,825]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">(BMNH 1887.8.5.1)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FCC08257FCC0" box="[134,772,841,861]" gridrow="12" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FCC0835EFCC0" box="[134,525,841,861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FCC08014FCC0" bold="true" box="[134,327,841,861]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BB3FCC08014FCC0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[205,327,841,861]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FCE88257FCE8" box="[134,772,865,885]" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FCE8835EFCE8" box="[134,525,865,885]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FCE88060FCE8" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[134,307,865,885]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FCE88060FCE8" box="[134,307,865,885]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Hydrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FCE8830AFCE8" box="[536,601,865,885]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">161.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFCE883F5FCE8" box="[612,678,865,885]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">105.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFCE88257FCE8" box="[689,772,865,885]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0. 645</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FCF28257FC12" box="[134,772,891,911]" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FCF2835EFC12" box="[134,525,891,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1970-325)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FC1A8257FC3A" box="[134,772,915,935]" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FC1A835EFC3A" box="[134,525,915,935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FC1A8060FC3A" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[134,307,915,935]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FC1A8060FC3A" box="[134,307,915,935]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Hydrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FC1A830AFC3A" box="[536,601,915,935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">144.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFC1A83F5FC3A" box="[612,678,915,935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">99</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFC1A8257FC3A" box="[689,772,915,935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.685</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FC258257FC5D" box="[134,772,940,960]" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FC25835EFC5D" box="[134,525,940,960]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1884-1152)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FC4C8257FC44" box="[134,772,965,985]" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FC4C835EFC44" box="[134,525,965,985]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FC4C803FFC44" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1163" box="[134,364,965,985]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FC4C803FFC44" box="[134,364,965,985]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB 15390)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FC4C830AFC44" box="[536,601,965,985]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">100.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFC4C83F5FC44" box="[612,678,965,985]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">65</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFC4C8257FC44" box="[689,772,965,985]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.646</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FC548257FC6C" box="[134,772,989,1009]" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FC54835EFC6C" box="[134,525,989,1009]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FC5480A1FC6C" authority="(IRSNB 1163)" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1163" box="[134,498,989,1009]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FC54803FFC6C" box="[134,364,989,1009]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
(IRSNB 1163)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FC54830AFC6C" box="[536,601,989,1009]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">89.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFC5483F5FC6C" box="[612,678,989,1009]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">61</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFC548257FC6C" box="[689,772,989,1009]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.681</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FC7C8257FB94" box="[134,772,1013,1033]" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FC7C835EFB94" box="[134,525,1013,1033]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FC7C80BBFB94" authority="(IRSNB 1161)" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1161" box="[134,488,1013,1033]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcinophaga">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FC7C8031FB94" box="[134,354,1013,1033]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Lobodon carcinophaga</emphasis>
(IRSNB 1161)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FC7C830AFB94" box="[536,601,1013,1033]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">93</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFC7C83F5FB94" box="[612,678,1013,1033]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">58</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFC7C8257FB94" box="[689,772,1013,1033]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.623</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FB848257FBBC" box="[134,772,1037,1057]" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FB84835EFBBC" box="[134,525,1037,1057]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FB848031FBBC" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1161" box="[134,354,1037,1057]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcinophaga">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FB848031FBBC" box="[134,354,1037,1057]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Lobodon carcinophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FB84830AFBBC" box="[536,601,1037,1057]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">108.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFB8483F5FBBC" box="[612,678,1037,1057]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">74.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFB848257FBBC" box="[689,772,1037,1057]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.684</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FBAE8257FBA6" box="[134,772,1063,1083]" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FBAE835EFBA6" box="[134,525,1063,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">(MNHN-ZM-AC-A7951)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FBB68257FBCE" box="[134,772,1087,1107]" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FBB6835EFBCE" box="[134,525,1087,1107]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FBB68018FBCE" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1164" box="[134,331,1087,1107]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FBB68018FBCE" box="[134,331,1087,1107]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB 15389)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FBB6830AFBCE" box="[536,601,1087,1107]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">93</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFBB683F5FBCE" box="[612,678,1087,1107]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">58</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFBB68257FBCE" box="[689,772,1087,1107]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.623</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FBDE8257FBF6" box="[134,772,1111,1131]" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FBDE835EFBF6" box="[134,525,1111,1131]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FBDE8018FBF6" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1164" box="[134,331,1111,1131]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FBDE8018FBF6" box="[134,331,1111,1131]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB 1164G)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FBDE830AFBF6" box="[536,601,1111,1131]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">103</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFBDE83F5FBF6" box="[612,678,1111,1131]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">63</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFBDE8257FBF6" box="[689,772,1111,1131]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.611</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FBF28257FB12" box="[134,772,1147,1167]" gridrow="24" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FBF2835EFB12" box="[134,525,1147,1167]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FBF2807FFB12" bold="true" box="[134,300,1147,1167]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BB3FBF2807FFB12" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[205,300,1147,1167]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FB1A8257FB3A" box="[134,772,1171,1191]" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FB1A835EFB3A" box="[134,525,1171,1191]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FB1A8010FB3A" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1776" box="[134,323,1171,1191]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FB1A8010FB3A" box="[134,323,1171,1191]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Erignathus barbatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FB1A830AFB3A" box="[536,601,1171,1191]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">55</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFB1A83F5FB3A" box="[612,678,1171,1191]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">52.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFB1A8257FB3A" box="[689,772,1171,1191]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.94</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FB248257FB5C" box="[134,772,1197,1217]" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FB24835EFB5C" box="[134,525,1197,1217]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">(MNHN-ZM-AC-A7949)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FB4C8257FB44" box="[134,772,1221,1241]" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FB4C835EFB44" box="[134,525,1221,1241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FB4C806FFB44" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[134,316,1221,1241]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Halichoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grypus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FB4C806FFB44" box="[134,316,1221,1241]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Halichoerus grypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FB4C830AFB44" box="[536,601,1221,1241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">47.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFB4C83F5FB44" box="[612,678,1221,1241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">47.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFB4C8257FB44" box="[689,772,1221,1241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.991</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FB568257FB6E" box="[134,772,1247,1267]" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FB56835EFB6E" box="[134,525,1247,1267]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1981-165)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FB7E8257FA96" box="[134,772,1271,1291]" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FB7E835EFA96" box="[134,525,1271,1291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FB7E806FFA96" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[134,316,1271,1291]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Halichoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grypus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FB7E806FFA96" box="[134,316,1271,1291]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Halichoerus grypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FB7E830AFA96" box="[536,601,1271,1291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">55</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFB7E83F5FA96" box="[612,678,1271,1291]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">53.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFB7E8257FA96" box="[689,772,1271,1291]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.972</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FA998257FAB9" box="[134,772,1296,1316]" gridrow="30" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FA99835EFAB9" box="[134,525,1296,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1978-48)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FAA08257FAA0" box="[134,772,1321,1341]" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FAA0835EFAA0" box="[134,525,1321,1341]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FAA08059FAA0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[134,266,1321,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FAA08059FAA0" box="[134,266,1321,1341]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Phoca vitulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-ZM-AC-1894-524)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FAA0830AFAA0" box="[536,601,1321,1341]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">49.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFAA083F5FAA0" box="[612,678,1321,1341]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">48</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFAA08257FAA0" box="[689,772,1321,1341]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.970</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FAC88257FAC8" box="[134,772,1345,1365]" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FAC8835EFAC8" box="[134,525,1345,1365]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FAC88059FAC8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[134,266,1345,1365]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FAC88059FAC8" box="[134,266,1345,1365]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Phoca vitulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-ZM-AC-1983-792)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FAC8830AFAC8" box="[536,601,1345,1365]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">47.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFAC883F5FAC8" box="[612,678,1345,1365]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">46.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFAC88257FAC8" box="[689,772,1345,1365]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.979</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5CBB8F1BF8FAD08257FAF0" box="[134,772,1369,1389]" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<th id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1BF8FAD0835EFAF0" box="[134,525,1369,1389]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1BF8FAD081ACFAF0" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[134,255,1369,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1BF8FAD081ACFAF0" box="[134,255,1369,1389]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Pusa hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-ZM-AC-17951)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F1966FAD0830AFAF0" box="[536,601,1369,1389]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">44.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F191AFAD083F5FAF0" box="[612,678,1369,1389]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">41.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5CBB8F19CFFAD08257FAF0" box="[689,772,1369,1389]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">0.926</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5C445D183DFDFF828DFBB3" blockId="45.[811,1457,215,1070]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
On the anterodorsal region of the proximal extremity of McII is a strong tubercle, just distal to the facet for the trapezium; this tubercle probably received the insertion of one of the two radial tendons of the
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1F04FD5F84FCFD72" box="[1146,1455,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">m. extensor digitorum lateralis</emphasis>
muscle (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5C445D18F6FD7C854BFC92" author="HOWELL A. B." box="[904,1048,757,783]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref47880" refString="HOWELL A. B. 1929. - Contribution to the comparative anatomy of the eared and earless seals (genera Zalophus and Phoca). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 73: 1 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.73 - 2736.1" type="journal article" year="1929">Howell 1929</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5C445D1F58FD7C85E6FC92" author="PIERARD J." box="[1062,1205,757,783]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" pagination="53 - 108" refId="ref49278" refString="PIERARD J. 1971. - Osteology and Myology of the Weddell Seal Leptonychotes weddelli (Lesson 1826), in BURT W. H. (ed.), Antarctic Pinnipedia. Antarctic Research Series 18: 53 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1029 / AR 018 p 0053" type="book chapter" year="1971">Piérard 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Posteroproximally to this tubercle is a rugose area, which could also receive part of this tendon or simply an interosseous ligament between McII and McIII. The distal extremity of the McII is dorsopalmarly flattened as is observed in all monachines, thus differing from the roughly quadrate morphology observed in phocines. On
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5C445D18A1FC3D8569FC52" box="[991,1082,948,975]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI295 the palmar keel is poorly preserved but was more salient distally than in the other monachines extant and fossil (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1FCAFC7D844CFB93" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1204,1311,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1FCAFC7D844CFB93" box="[1204,1311,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1E50FC7D84FBFB93" box="[1326,1448,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1E50FC7D84FBFB93" box="[1326,1448,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1823FB9D829DFBB3" box="[861,974,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1823FB9D829DFBB3" box="[861,974,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5C445D1853FBDD8458FAF0" blockId="45.[811,1457,1108,1836]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1853FBDD857DFBF3" bold="true" box="[813,1070,1108,1134]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
Metacarpal
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5C445D18D0FBDD829FFBF3" box="[942,972,1108,1134]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">III</collectionCode>
(McIII).
</emphasis>
This metacarpal is distinctly shorter than McII as observed in all
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1F1CFBFD859BFB13" box="[1122,1224,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
. However, the length difference between McII and McIII greatly varies among phocines.
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C5C445D18E7FB3D82A4FB53" box="[921,1015,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="47.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="TABLE 18. — Relative lengths of McII and McIII in some extant and extinct phocids. Measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5E445F1BFAFF5280DEFE9E" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C5E445F1BFAFF5280DEFE9E">Table 18</tableCitation>
shows that the ratio L McIII/ L McII in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1853FB5D82F0FB73" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[813,931,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1853FB5D82F0FB73" box="[813,931,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5C445D18D5FB5D82A5FB73" box="[939,1014,1236,1262]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to that observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1E3EFB5D84FAFB73" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1344,1449,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1E3EFB5D84FAFB73" box="[1344,1449,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, higher (i.e., McIII is proportionally shorter as compared to McII) than in
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D18C1FA9A8567FAB0" box="[959,1076,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D18C1FA9A857CFAB0" box="[959,1071,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piscophoca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
most extant lobodontins and extant phocines except
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D18A5FABA8518FAD0" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[987,1099,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D18A5FABA8518FAD0" box="[987,1099,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Erignathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which it is lower (i.e., McIII is proportionally longer as compared to McII).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5C445D183DFAFA8506F8B1" blockId="45.[811,1457,1108,1836]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
On the anterior and dorsal angle of the proximal end of the McIII is a circular facet which articulates with the posterodorsal facet of the proximal end of the McII. Posterior and distal to this facet, on McIII is a salient rugose area probably for insertion of the posterior radial tendon of the extensor digitorum lateralis muscle as observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1FAFF99B84FCF9B0" authority="(Howell 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Howell" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1233,1455,1554,1581]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1FAFF99B845DF9B1" box="[1233,1294,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Phoca</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5C445D1E60F99B84F4F9B0" author="HOWELL A. B." box="[1310,1447,1554,1581]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref47880" refString="HOWELL A. B. 1929. - Contribution to the comparative anatomy of the eared and earless seals (genera Zalophus and Phoca). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 73: 1 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.73 - 2736.1" type="journal article" year="1929">Howell 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1820F9BB85C4F9D0" authority="(Pierard 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[862,1175,1586,1613]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1820F9BB82BFF9D1" box="[862,1004,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C5C445D1880F9BB85DDF9D0" author="PIERARD J." box="[1022,1166,1586,1613]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" pagination="53 - 108" refId="ref49278" refString="PIERARD J. 1971. - Osteology and Myology of the Weddell Seal Leptonychotes weddelli (Lesson 1826), in BURT W. H. (ed.), Antarctic Pinnipedia. Antarctic Research Series 18: 53 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1029 / AR 018 p 0053" type="book chapter" year="1971">Piérard 1971</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. On the distal extremity, the palmar keel is slightly damaged but appears to be more prominent than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D188BF9FB8530F911" box="[1013,1123,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D188BF9FB8530F911" box="[1013,1123,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and much more than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1E16F9FA823AF931" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1E16F9FA823AF931" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As in observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1F3AF91B85E2F931" box="[1092,1201,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1F3AF91B85E2F931" box="[1092,1201,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distal extremity is less flattened dorsopalmarly than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5C445D1FC3F93B8467F951" box="[1213,1332,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="45" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1FC3F93B8467F951" box="[1213,1332,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and extant monachines. In distal view, its morphology is intermediate between the sub-circular contour of phocines and the planar shape of other monachines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5C445F1853F8DB803FF9B1" blockId="45.[811,1457,1873,2028]" lastBlockId="47.[130,775,1363,1580]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5C445D1853F8DB8561F8F6" bold="true" box="[813,1074,1873,1900]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">Metacarpal IV (McIV).</emphasis>
This metacarpal is slightly shorter than the McIII, and slightly recurved anteriorly. It articulates with the Mc
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5C445D18C7F81B8286F831" box="[953,981,1938,1964]" pageId="45" pageNumber="74">III</collectionCode>
with a circular antero-proximo-dorsal facet and posteriorly with an elongated oval-shapes facet with the McV. The proximal articular facet for the with the unciform, is elongated and rectangular, being twice as long dorsopalmarly than wide anteroposteriorly. On the posterodorsal angle of the proximal end of the bone is a rugose area, almost a tubercle probably for insertion of the one of the two ulnar tendons of the
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BD2FA5D80EDFA70" box="[172,446,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">extensor digitorum lateralis</emphasis>
muscle. The distal extremity of McIV is almost quadrate and its palmar keel is very salient distally and palmarly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5F445E1BFAF82284F4F874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671220/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="75" startId="46.[132,143,1963,1980]" targetBox="[340,1248,215,1919]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5F445E1BFAF82284F4F874" blockId="46.[132,1455,1963,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="75">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5F445E1BFAF82281CEF826" baselines="1976,1976" box="[132,157,1963,1980]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="46" pageNumber="75">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 33. — Metacarpals referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5F445E1ADEF8228337F821" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[416,612,1963,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="46" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5F445E1ADEF8228337F821" box="[416,612,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="75">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5F445E1919F8228385F821" box="[615,726,1963,1980]" pageId="46" pageNumber="75" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI295):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5F445E180BF82282C6F821" bold="true" box="[885,917,1963,1980]" pageId="46" pageNumber="75">A -E</emphasis>
, right McV to McII and left McI in dorsal view (the latter is reversed on the figure in order to fit the other metacarpals which are all from the right manus;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5F445E1831F84B823FF84E" bold="true" box="[847,876,1986,2003]" pageId="46" pageNumber="75">F-J</emphasis>
, the same metacarpals, but inversed, in ventral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5F445E1E4CF84B8406F84E" bold="true" box="[1330,1365,1986,2003]" pageId="46" pageNumber="75">K -N</emphasis>
, right McII to McV in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5F445E1A3BF851803BF874" bold="true" box="[325,360,2008,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="75">O -R</emphasis>
, the same in lateral view. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5F445E19C3F851821FF874" bold="true" box="[701,844,2008,2025]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="75">m. ext. digit. lat.</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5F445E1828F85185D9F874" box="[854,1162,2008,2025]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="75">musculus extensor digitorum lateralis</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5F445E1FEAF8518592F874" bold="true" box="[1172,1217,2008,2025]" pageId="46" pageNumber="75">tubs.</emphasis>
, tubercles Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C5E445F1BFAFF5280DEFE9E" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C5E445F1BFAFF5280DEFE9E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C5E445F1BFAFF5280DEFE9E" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" startId="47.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,775,317,1286]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="47" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5E445F1BFAFF5280DEFE9E" blockId="47.[132,774,219,259]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5E445F1BFAFF5281E1FF76" baselines="232,232" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
18. — Relative lengths of McII and McIII in some extant and extinct phocids. Measurements in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5E445F19D0FEB483ACFA9B" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<table id="F90A80E44C5EBB8F1BF8FEB48254FA9B" box="[134,775,317,1286]" gridcols="4" gridrows="37" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FEB48254FECC" box="[134,775,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FEB48254FECC" box="[633,775,317,337]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F19D0FEB48254FECC" bold="true" box="[686,775,317,337]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">L McIII/L</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FEDE8254FEF6" box="[134,775,343,363]" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFEDE83F0FEF6" box="[517,675,343,363]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F197BFEDE83F1FEF6" bold="true" box="[517,674,343,363]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">L McII L McIII</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFEDE8254FEF6" box="[708,775,343,363]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F19BAFEDE83A3FEF6" bold="true" box="[708,752,343,363]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">McII</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FEF38254FE13" box="[134,775,378,398]" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FEF380A1FE13" box="[134,498,378,398]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FEF38035FE13" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,358,378,398]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FEF38035FE13" box="[134,358,378,398]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5E445F1A12FEF380BCFE13" box="[364,495,378,398]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFEF38302FE13" box="[517,593,378,398]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">53.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FEF383F0FE13" box="[633,675,378,398]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">44.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFEF38254FE13" box="[708,775,378,398]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.827</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FE1D8254FE35" box="[134,775,404,424]" gridrow="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FE1D80A1FE35" box="[134,498,404,424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN.F.PPI295)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FE318254FE51" box="[134,775,440,460]" gridrow="4" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FE3180A1FE51" box="[134,498,440,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FE3180DEFE51" bold="true" box="[134,397,440,460]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
Other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1A6EFE3180DEFE51" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[272,397,440,460]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FE598254FE79" box="[134,775,464,484]" gridrow="5" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FE5980A1FE79" box="[134,498,464,484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FE598015FE79" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[134,326,464,484]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FE598015FE79" box="[134,326,464,484]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Piscophoca pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFE598302FE79" box="[517,593,464,484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">75</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FE5983F0FE79" box="[633,675,464,484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">56.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFE598254FE79" box="[708,775,464,484]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FE608254FE60" box="[134,775,489,509]" gridrow="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FE6080A1FE60" box="[134,498,489,509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN.F.SAS501)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FD848254FDBC" box="[134,775,525,545]" gridrow="7" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FD848254FDBC" box="[134,775,525,545]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FD848064FDBC" bold="true" box="[134,311,525,545]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BB3FD848064FDBC" box="[205,311,525,545]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FDAF8254FDA7" box="[134,775,550,570]" gridrow="8" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FDAF80A1FDA7" box="[134,498,550,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FDAF8001FDA7" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1779" box="[134,338,550,570]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FDAF8001FDA7" box="[134,338,550,570]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Monachus monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFDAF8302FDA7" box="[517,593,550,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">59.61</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FDAF83F0FDA7" box="[633,675,550,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">49.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFDAF8254FDA7" box="[708,775,550,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.823</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FDB68254FDCE" box="[134,775,575,595]" gridrow="9" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FDB680A1FDCE" box="[134,498,575,595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN-ZM-AC-A7953)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FDDE8254FDF6" box="[134,775,599,619]" gridrow="10" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FDDE80A1FDF6" box="[134,498,599,619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FDDE803FFDF6" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[134,364,599,619]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FDDE803FFDF6" box="[134,364,599,619]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Neomonachus tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFDDE8302FDF6" box="[517,593,599,619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">65.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FDDE83F0FDF6" box="[633,675,599,619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">50.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFDDE8254FDF6" box="[708,775,599,619]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.777</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FDF88254FD18" box="[134,775,625,645]" gridrow="11" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FDF880A1FD18" box="[134,498,625,645]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(BMNH 1887.8.5.1)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FD1C8254FD34" box="[134,775,661,681]" gridrow="12" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FD1C80A1FD34" box="[134,498,661,681]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FD1C8014FD34" bold="true" box="[134,327,661,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BB3FD1C8014FD34" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[205,327,661,681]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FD248254FD5C" box="[134,775,685,705]" gridrow="13" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FD2480A1FD5C" box="[134,498,685,705]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FD248060FD5C" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[134,307,685,705]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FD248060FD5C" box="[134,307,685,705]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Hydrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFD248302FD5C" box="[517,593,685,705]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">105.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FD2483F0FD5C" box="[633,675,685,705]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">71.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFD248254FD5C" box="[708,775,685,705]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.674</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FD4E8254FD46" box="[134,775,711,731]" gridrow="14" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FD4E80A1FD46" box="[134,498,711,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1970-325)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FD568254FD6E" box="[134,775,735,755]" gridrow="15" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FD5680A1FD6E" box="[134,498,735,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FD568060FD6E" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[134,307,735,755]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FD568060FD6E" box="[134,307,735,755]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Hydrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFD568302FD6E" box="[517,593,735,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">99</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FD5683F0FD6E" box="[633,675,735,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">69</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFD568254FD6E" box="[708,775,735,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.696</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FD708254FC90" box="[134,775,761,781]" gridrow="16" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FD7080A1FC90" box="[134,498,761,781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1884-1152)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FC988254FCB8" box="[134,775,785,805]" gridrow="17" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FC9880A1FCB8" box="[134,498,785,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FC98803FFCB8" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1163" box="[134,364,785,805]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FC98803FFCB8" box="[134,364,785,805]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFC988302FCB8" box="[517,593,785,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">65</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FC9883F0FCB8" box="[633,675,785,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">47</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFC988254FCB8" box="[708,775,785,805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.723</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FCA38254FCA3" box="[134,775,810,830]" gridrow="18" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FCA380A1FCA3" box="[134,498,810,830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(IRSNB 15390)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FCCB8254FCCA" box="[134,775,834,855]" gridrow="19" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FCCB80A1FCCA" box="[134,498,834,855]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FCCA80A1FCCA" authority="(IRSNB 1163)" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1163" box="[134,498,835,855]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FCCA803FFCCA" box="[134,364,835,855]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
(IRSNB 1163)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFCCB8302FCCA" box="[517,593,834,855]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">61</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FCCB83F0FCCA" box="[633,675,834,855]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">44</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFCCB8254FCCA" box="[708,775,834,855]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.721</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FCD28254FCF2" box="[134,775,859,879]" gridrow="20" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FCD280A1FCF2" box="[134,498,859,879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FCD28031FCF2" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1161" box="[134,354,859,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcinophaga">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FCD28031FCF2" box="[134,354,859,879]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Lobodon carcinophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFCD28302FCF2" box="[517,593,859,879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">74.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FCD283F0FCF2" box="[633,675,859,879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">59.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFCD28254FCF2" box="[708,775,859,879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.804</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FCFD8254FC15" box="[134,775,884,904]" gridrow="21" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FCFD80A1FC15" box="[134,498,884,904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN-ZM-AC-A7951)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FC058254FC3D" box="[134,775,908,928]" gridrow="22" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FC0580A1FC3D" box="[134,498,908,928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FC0580BBFC3D" authority="(IRSNB 1161)" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1161" box="[134,488,908,928]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcinophaga">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FC058031FC3D" box="[134,354,908,928]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Lobodon carcinophaga</emphasis>
(IRSNB 1161)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFC058302FC3D" box="[517,593,908,928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">58</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FC0583F0FC3D" box="[633,675,908,928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">41</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFC058254FC3D" box="[708,775,908,928]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.706</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FC2C8254FC24" box="[134,775,933,953]" gridrow="23" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FC2C80A1FC24" box="[134,498,933,953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FC2C8018FC24" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1164" box="[134,331,933,953]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FC2C8018FC24" box="[134,331,933,953]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB 15389)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFC2C8302FC24" box="[517,593,933,953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">58</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FC2C83F0FC24" box="[633,675,933,953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">47</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFC2C8254FC24" box="[708,775,933,953]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.746</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FC348254FC4C" box="[134,775,957,977]" gridrow="24" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FC3480A1FC4C" box="[134,498,957,977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FC348018FC4C" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1164" box="[134,331,957,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FC348018FC4C" box="[134,331,957,977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB 1164G)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFC348302FC4C" box="[517,593,957,977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">63</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FC3483F0FC4C" box="[633,675,957,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">53</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFC348254FC4C" box="[708,775,957,977]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.841</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FC688254FC68" box="[134,775,993,1013]" gridrow="25" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FC6880A1FC68" box="[134,498,993,1013]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FC6881B6FC68" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[134,229,993,1013]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FC6881B6FC68" bold="true" box="[134,229,993,1013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Phocinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FC708254FB90" box="[134,775,1017,1037]" gridrow="26" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FC7080A1FB90" box="[134,498,1017,1037]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FC708010FB90" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1776" box="[134,323,1017,1037]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FC708010FB90" box="[134,323,1017,1037]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Erignathus barbatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFC708302FB90" box="[517,593,1017,1037]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">51.94</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FC7083F0FB90" box="[633,675,1017,1037]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">48.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFC708254FB90" box="[708,775,1017,1037]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.935</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FB9A8254FBBA" box="[134,775,1043,1063]" gridrow="27" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FB9A80A1FBBA" box="[134,498,1043,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN-ZM-AC-A7949)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FBA28254FBA2" box="[134,775,1067,1087]" gridrow="28" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FBA280A1FBA2" box="[134,498,1067,1087]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FBA2806FFBA2" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[134,316,1067,1087]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Halichoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grypus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FBA2806FFBA2" box="[134,316,1067,1087]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Halichoerus grypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFBA28302FBA2" box="[517,593,1067,1087]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">47.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FBA283F0FBA2" box="[633,675,1067,1087]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">35.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFBA28254FBA2" box="[708,775,1067,1087]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.749</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FBCD8254FBC5" box="[134,775,1092,1112]" gridrow="29" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FBCD80A1FBC5" box="[134,498,1092,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1981-165)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FBD58254FBEC" box="[134,775,1116,1137]" gridrow="30" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FBD580A1FBEC" box="[134,498,1116,1137]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FBD4806FFBEC" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[134,316,1117,1137]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Halichoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grypus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FBD4806FFBEC" box="[134,316,1117,1137]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Halichoerus grypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFBD58302FBEC" box="[517,593,1116,1137]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">53.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FBD583F0FBEC" box="[633,675,1116,1137]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">38.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFBD58254FBEC" box="[708,775,1116,1137]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.721</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FBFF8254FB17" box="[134,775,1142,1162]" gridrow="31" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FBFF80A1FB17" box="[134,498,1142,1162]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1978-48)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FB078254FB3F" box="[134,775,1166,1186]" gridrow="32" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FB0780A1FB3F" box="[134,498,1166,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FB078059FB3F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[134,266,1166,1186]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FB078059FB3F" box="[134,266,1166,1186]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Phoca vitulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFB078302FB3F" box="[517,593,1166,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">47.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FB0783F0FB3F" box="[633,675,1166,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">36.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFB078254FB3F" box="[708,775,1166,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.776</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FB218254FB21" box="[134,775,1192,1212]" gridrow="33" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FB2180A1FB21" box="[134,498,1192,1212]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1894-524)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FB498254FB49" box="[134,775,1216,1236]" gridrow="34" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FB4980A1FB49" box="[134,498,1216,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FB498059FB49" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[134,266,1216,1236]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FB498059FB49" box="[134,266,1216,1236]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Phoca vitulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFB498302FB49" box="[517,593,1216,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">46.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FB4983F0FB49" box="[633,675,1216,1236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">35.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFB498254FB49" box="[708,775,1216,1236]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.768</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FB538254FB73" box="[134,775,1242,1262]" gridrow="35" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FB5380A1FB73" box="[134,498,1242,1262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1983-792)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C5EBB8F1BF8FB7B8254FA9B" box="[134,775,1266,1286]" gridrow="36" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<th id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1BF8FB7B80A1FA9B" box="[134,498,1266,1286]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BF8FB7B81ACFA9B" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[134,255,1266,1286]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BF8FB7B81ACFA9B" box="[134,255,1266,1286]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Pusa hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-ZM-AC-17951)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F197BFB7B8302FA9B" box="[517,593,1266,1286]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">41.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F1907FB7B83F0FA9B" box="[633,675,1266,1286]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">32.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C5EBB8F19BAFB7B8254FA9B" box="[708,775,1266,1286]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">0.776</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5E445F1BFAF9DB84CDFE2D" blockId="47.[132,777,1618,2028]" lastBlockId="47.[811,1457,215,433]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BFAF9DB8021F9F1" bold="true" box="[132,370,1618,1644]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
Metacarpal
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5E445F1A79F9DB804AF9F1" box="[263,281,1618,1644]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
(McV).
</emphasis>
This metacarpal is the shorter of the hand, although only slightly shorter than McIV. As usual in phocids it is more massive than the other metacarpals. Its proximal extremity bears, anteriorly an elongated facet for articulation to the McIV. Proximal to this facet is a dorsopalmarly elongated facet for articulation with the unciform, and posterior to the latter is a strongly concave facet for the cuneiform.This latter facet clearly differs from that in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F19DEF8B88256F8D6" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[672,773,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F19DEF8B88256F8D6" box="[672,773,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1BCAF8D88071F8F6" box="[180,290,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1BCAF8D88071F8F6" box="[180,290,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which it is very slightly convave or even, in some specimens, slightly convex. In contrast, it closely resembles the condition observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1960F81883C6F836" box="[542,661,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1960F81883C6F836" box="[542,661,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the facet is also markedly concave. On the posterior angle of the dorsal aspect of the proximal extremity of the McV, is a salient rugose area probably for insertion of the second ulnar tendon of the
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F18BDFF7185A9FE8C" box="[963,1274,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">m. extensor digitorum lateralis</emphasis>
muscle. In distal view, the distal extremity is roughly quadrate to circular and not dorsopalmarly flattened as is observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1F89FEBE840DFECC" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1271,1374,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1F89FEBE840DFECC" box="[1271,1374,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1E15FEB1823BFEEC" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1E15FEB1823BFEEC" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1806FEDE82B4FEEC" box="[888,999,343,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1806FEDE82B4FEEC" box="[888,999,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and extant monachines. The palmar keel is significantly developed and more resembles that observed in phocines than in other monachines, extant and extinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5E445F1853FE5E8502FE6C" blockId="47.[809,1457,470,1677]" box="[813,1105,470,497]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C5E445F1853FE5E8502FE6C" box="[813,1105,470,497]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1853FE5E8502FE6C" box="[813,1105,470,497]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
Anterior phalanges (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5E445F1883FE5E851BFE6D" box="[1021,1096,470,496]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="48.[813,824,690,707]" captionTargetBox="[813,1456,215,648]" captionTargetId="figure-732@48.[812,1456,214,649]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIG. 34. — Anterior phalanges referred to Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp. (MNHN.F.PPI295): A, proximal phalanx of right digit I in dorsal view; B, C, intermediate phalanges of digit II, II or IV; D, ungual phalanx of digit I (?) missing the apex of the claw. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671224/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5E445F1853FE7F8558F911" blockId="47.[809,1457,470,1677]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
Seven complete and partial anterior phalanges of
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5E445F1F89FE7F8418FD8C" box="[1271,1355,502,529]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI295 are associated to the carpus and metacarpus described above. One complete proximal phalanx is possibly referrable to digit II since it appears to be slightly too short to belong to digit I and slightly too long to be referred to digits II or IV. It is slightly bent posteriorly as is observed on extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1FBFFD1F8474FD2D" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1217,1319,662,688]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1FBFFD1F8474FD2D" box="[1217,1319,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Its proximal articulation bears a distinct median fossa for the palmar keel, which fits well the distal articulation with palmar keel of McII. The distal extremity of a proximal phalanx is referred to digit I (the largest digit of the hand) since it is slightly larger than the distal extremity of the proximal phalanx referred to digit II (the second largest digit of the hand). One partial proximal phalanx (missing its distal extremity) is probably referrable to digit
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5E445F181DFC1C8225FC32" box="[867,886,917,943]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. As the latter, it features a small anterior curvature. Its proximal articulation is deeply concave and do not present a median fossa for the palmar keel as observed on the proximal phalanx referred to digit II. This condition fits with McV, the distal articulation of which is very globular with a palmar keel located more palmarly and proximally than on the other metacarpals.Two complete middle phalanges could belong to digit
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5E445F1855FBFC8214FB12" box="[811,839,1141,1167]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">III</collectionCode>
(for the longer) and IV (for the shorter). Their proximal articulations are slightly bi-concave, a morphology compatible with the bi-lobated distal articulation of the corresponding proximal phalanx. Two ungual phalanges are known, both missing the distal extremity of the bony claw. The dorsal wall of the sheath in which the horny claw inserts is interrupted and the dorsal aspect of the bony claw is visible dorsally up to the proximal end of the phalanx. A dorsally open bony sheath is also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1899FAFA851CFA10" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[999,1103,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1899FAFA851CFA10" box="[999,1103,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and extant lobodontins, whereas it is continuously closed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1F34FA1A85EBFA30" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1098,1208,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1F34FA1A85EBFA30" box="[1098,1208,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Erignathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1F95FA1A847BFA30" baseAuthorityName="Howell" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1259,1320,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1F95FA1A847BFA30" box="[1259,1320,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Phoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although in the latter some variation exists since the sheath may in some cases be slightly open dorsally. On the only anterior ungual phalanx known in the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C5E445F1F62FA7A852AF990" box="[1052,1145,1523,1549]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1FE7FA7A8453F990" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1177,1280,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1FE7FA7A8453F990" box="[1177,1280,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the bony sheath is continuously closed around the bony claw. A similar condition is also observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1F57F9BB85CEF9D1" box="[1065,1181,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1F57F9BB85CEF9D1" box="[1065,1181,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In all phocines the bony sheath is also continuously closed (with some possible variation as mentioned above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5E445F1853F93A8529F956" blockId="47.[811,1457,1715,2028]" box="[813,1146,1715,1741]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5E445F1853F93A822BF956" baselines="1734,1734" box="[813,888,1715,1741]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Pelvic" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">PELVIC</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5E445F1801F931829FF956" baselines="1734" box="[895,972,1720,1739]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="girdle" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">GIRDLE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5E445F18ACF9318553F956" baselines="1734" box="[978,1024,1720,1739]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C5E445F18ACF9318553F956" box="[978,1024,1720,1739]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">AND</collectionCode>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5E445F1F79F9318513F956" baselines="1734" box="[1031,1088,1720,1739]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="hind" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">HIND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C5E445F1F39F9318529F956" baselines="1734" box="[1095,1146,1720,1739]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="limb" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">LIMB</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5E445F1853F95A8522F971" blockId="47.[811,1457,1715,2028]" box="[813,1137,1746,1772]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1853F95A8522F971" box="[813,1137,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
Innominate (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C5E445F18CBF95A8553F971" box="[949,1024,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[132,143,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-187@35.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 23. — Pelvis (innominates cemented to the sacrum) of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, pelvis in right lateral view; B, the same pelvis in left lateral view; C, corresponding line drawing for A; D, the same pelvis in dorsal view. Areas in gray in the line drawings are incompletely preserved, either severely abraded or fractured, or obscured from view by sediment matrix. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671194/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C5E445F1F73F95B853BF971" box="[1037,1128,1746,1772]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="48.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="TABLE 19. — Measurements (in mm) of the innominate of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). e, estimate for a character due to minor damage." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4144401BFAFF52806DFE87" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C4144401BFAFF52806DFE87">Table 19</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C5E445F1853F97B851BF876" blockId="47.[811,1457,1715,2028]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">
For the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C5E445F1803F97B8288F891" box="[893,987,1778,1804]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C5E445F1886F97B858CF891" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1016,1247,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C5E445F1886F97B858CF891" box="[1016,1247,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="76">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C5E445F1F98F97B8427F891" box="[1254,1396,1778,1804]" pageId="47" pageNumber="76" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, both left and right innominates are preserved, diagenetically fused with the sacrum. For both innominates, the dorsal portion of the post-acetabular area is either incompletely preserved (right) or missing (left). The acetabular area and ilium of the right innominate is fairly completely preserved. For the left innominate, only the anteroventral portion of the innominate is not completely abraded.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4144401BFAFF52806DFE87" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C4144401BFAFF52806DFE87" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4144401BFAFF52806DFE87" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" startId="48.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,755,340,641]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="48" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4144401BFAFF52806DFE87" blockId="48.[132,775,219,282]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4144401BFAFF5281E1FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
19. — Measurements (in mm) of the innominate of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C414440190EFF5281E4FE9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C414440190EFF5281E4FE9E" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4144401BC0FF7B8066FE9E" box="[190,309,242,259]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276).
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401959FF7B8361FE9E" bold="true" box="[551,562,242,259]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4144401BF8FEDD80B7FD1C" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<table id="F90A80E44C41BB8F1BF8FEDD83A0FD1C" box="[134,755,340,641]" gridcols="2" gridrows="12" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FEDD83A0FEF5" box="[134,755,340,360]" gridrow="0" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<th id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FEDD837AFEF5" box="[134,553,340,360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Character</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C41BB8F192CFEDD83A0FEF5" box="[594,755,340,360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C414440192CFEDD83C9FEF5" box="[594,666,340,360]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FEE483A0FE1C" box="[134,755,365,385]" gridrow="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FEE483A0FE1C" box="[134,755,365,385]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401924FEE483B8FE1C" bold="true" box="[602,747,365,385]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
(
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C414440191EFEE483E8FE1C" box="[608,699,365,385]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, left)
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FE1883A0FE38" box="[134,755,401,421]" gridrow="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FE18837AFE38" box="[134,553,401,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Acetabulum, height</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F192CFE1883A0FE38" box="[594,755,401,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">28.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FE2083A0FE20" box="[134,755,425,445]" gridrow="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FE20837AFE20" box="[134,553,425,445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Acetabulum, length</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F192CFE2083A0FE20" box="[594,755,425,445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">26.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FE4883A0FE48" box="[134,755,449,469]" gridrow="4" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FE48837AFE48" box="[134,553,449,469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Acetabulum, depth</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F192CFE4883A0FE48" box="[594,755,449,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C41444019F8FE4883E8FE48" box="[646,699,449,469]" degrees="15.0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" precision="5555" value="15.0">15.0e</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FE5083A0FE70" box="[134,755,473,493]" gridrow="5" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FE50837AFE70" box="[134,553,473,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Acetabulum, height of innominate across</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F192CFE5083A0FE70" box="[594,755,473,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">52.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FE7883A0FD98" box="[134,755,497,517]" gridrow="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FE78837AFD98" box="[134,553,497,517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Obturator foramen, length</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F192CFE7883A0FD98" box="[594,755,497,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">80.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FD8083A0FD80" box="[134,755,521,541]" gridrow="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FD80837AFD80" box="[134,553,521,541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Obturator foramen, height</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F192CFD8083A0FD80" box="[594,755,521,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C41444019F8FD8083EFFD80" box="[646,700,521,541]" degrees="34.8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" precision="5555" value="34.8">34.8e</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FDA883A0FDA8" box="[134,755,545,565]" gridrow="8" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FDA8837AFDA8" box="[134,553,545,565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Ilium, length of iliac crest between</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F192CFDA883A0FDA8" box="[594,755,545,565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">63.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FDB283A0FDD2" box="[134,755,571,591]" gridrow="9" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FDB2837AFDD2" box="[134,553,571,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">anterodorsal and anteroventral processes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FDDA83A0FDFA" box="[134,755,595,615]" gridrow="10" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FDDA837AFDFA" box="[134,553,595,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Ilium, length of lateral surface between</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F192CFDDA83A0FDFA" box="[594,755,595,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">48.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C41BB8F1BF8FDE483A0FD1C" box="[134,755,621,641]" gridrow="11" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C41BB8F1BF8FDE4837AFD1C" box="[134,553,621,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">acetabulum to middle of iliac crest</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4144401853FD3B853AFC95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671224/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" startId="48.[813,824,690,707]" targetBox="[813,1456,215,648]" targetPageId="48" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4144401853FD3B853AFC95" blockId="48.[813,1457,690,776]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4144401853FD3B8216FD5E" baselines="703,704" box="[813,837,690,707]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 34. — Anterior phalanges referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401F02FD3B846DFD5E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1148,1342,690,707]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401F02FD3B846DFD5E" box="[1148,1342,690,707]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4144401E3CFD3B84E2FD5E" box="[1346,1457,690,707]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" rank="species">n. gen.,n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI295):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C41444018B5FD40828BFD47" bold="true" box="[971,984,713,730]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
, proximal phalanx of right digit I in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401E17FD408425FD47" bold="true" box="[1385,1398,713,730]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401EFFFD4084DCFD47" bold="true" box="[1409,1423,713,730]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
, intermediate phalanges of digit II, II or IV;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401F0BFD6985D0FD6C" bold="true" box="[1141,1155,736,753]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">D</emphasis>
, ungual phalanx of digit I (?) missing the apex of the claw. Scale bar: 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4144401BE5FD5C8361FCED" blockId="48.[130,777,725,2028]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
The ilium is anteroposteriorly short, less than 40% of the length of the postacetabular region. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C41444019E3FD7C81FEFCAD" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the relative length of the ilium is comparable to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401BDDFCBC804AFCD2" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[163,281,821,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401BDDFCBC804AFCD2" box="[163,281,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4144401A5CFCBF803CFCCD" box="[290,367,822,848]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in most other taxa, with the notable exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401A6FFCDC80DBFCF2" box="[273,392,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401AC3FCDC8378FCF2" box="[445,555,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401AC3FCDC8378FCF2" box="[445,555,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4144401BE5FCFC835CFAF3" blockId="48.[130,777,725,2028]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
The degree of the lateral eversion of the ilium of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C41444019D5FCFC8254FC12" box="[683,775,885,911]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401BDCFC1C804BFC32" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[162,280,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401BDCFC1C804BFC32" box="[162,280,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4144401A5EFC1C8038FC32" box="[288,363,917,943]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is estimated to be approximately 65°. Because the innominates are still in contact with the sacrum, and slightly displaced, measuring the exact angle of the lateral eversion of the ilium is difficult. The estimated angle of 65° corresponds with the general condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401904FB9D8257FBB3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[634,772,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. Qualitatively observed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4144401AD0FBBD830BFBD3" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[430,600,1076,1102]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" pagination="20 - 161" refId="ref48718" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1981. - Les vertebres fossils de la Formation Pisco (Perou) Premiere partie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae: Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud Sacaco. Institut francais d'Etudes Andines, Memoire 6: 20 - 161." type="journal article" year="1981">Muizon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4144401917FBBD818FFBF3" author="DEWAELE L. &amp; AMSON E. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S." pageId="48" pageNumber="77" pagination="3316" refId="ref46942" refString="DEWAELE L., AMSON E., LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2017 b. - Reappraisal of the extinct seal ' Phoca ' vitulinoides from the Neogene of the North Sea Basin, with bearings on its geological age, phylogenetic affinities, and locomotion. PeerJ 5: e 3316. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 3316" type="journal article" year="2017">
Dewaele
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C41444019AEFBBC8254FBD3" box="[720,775,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
(2017b)
</bibRefCitation>
provide a preliminary quantitative analysis showing that the lateral eversion of the ilium is statistically significantly more pronounced in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401AC9FB1D8349FB33" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[439,538,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401907FB1D8251FB33" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[633,770,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, despite the slight overlap in ranges. With a lateral eversion of approximately 65°, the lateral eversion of the ilium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401BF8FB7A802FFA90" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,380,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401BF8FB7A802FFA90" box="[134,380,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4144401AFDFB7D834CFA93" box="[387,543,1268,1294]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
falls well within the 95% confidence range for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401AD8FA9A837CFAB0" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[422,559,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, and just within the lower limits of the 95% confidence range for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C41444019FEFABA83B5FAD0" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[640,742,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, as presented by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4144401A6DFADA835BFAF0" author="DEWAELE L. &amp; AMSON E. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S." box="[275,520,1363,1389]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" pagination="3316" refId="ref46942" refString="DEWAELE L., AMSON E., LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2017 b. - Reappraisal of the extinct seal ' Phoca ' vitulinoides from the Neogene of the North Sea Basin, with bearings on its geological age, phylogenetic affinities, and locomotion. PeerJ 5: e 3316. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 3316" type="journal article" year="2017">
Dewaele
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401A08FADD80F9FAF0" box="[374,426,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
(2017b)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4144401BE5FAFA806EF910" blockId="48.[130,777,725,2028]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
On the ilium, the gluteal fossa is weakly excavated (char. 76 [0]). The overall weak development of the gluteal fossa is a characteristic shared with other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C414440193BFA3A83F8FA50" box="[581,683,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
. Among extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401BB0FA5A8060FA70" box="[206,307,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, a true gluteal fossa is absent in the phocine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401BFAFA7A81A7F990" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[132,244,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401BFAFA7A81A7F990" box="[132,244,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Erignathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the monachine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401AA4FA7A8311F990" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[474,578,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401AA4FA7A8311F990" box="[474,578,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The gluteal fossa is weakly excavated in other extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401963F99B83FBF9B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[541,680,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
and the phocine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401B9DF9BA8035F9D1" box="[227,358,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401B9DF9BA8035F9D1" box="[227,358,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Pusa sibirica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The gluteal fossa is deep in all extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401BFBF9DB81B8F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[133,235,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, with the aforementioned exceptions of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C41444019E8F9DB8255F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[662,774,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C41444019E8F9DB8255F9F1" box="[662,774,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Erignathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401BCAF9FA8065F911" box="[180,310,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401BCAF9FA8065F911" box="[180,310,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Pusa sibirica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4144401BE5F91B8539FC52" blockId="48.[130,777,725,2028]" lastBlockId="48.[811,1458,853,2028]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
The iliac crest is roughly straight and the anterodorsal process prominently projects more dorsally than anteriorly. Although incomplete on the right ilium and abraded on the left, it is possible to observe that the anteroventral process prominently projects ventrally with respect to the acetabulum, giving the ilium a faint wedge-shaped appearance. Many
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C41444019D9F8B8825AF8D6" box="[679,777,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
exhibit such a wedge-shaped ilium. However, certain monachine taxa have an ilium that can be considered to be ‘slanted ventrally’ or ‘slanted dorsally’. The ilium is ‘slanted ventrally’ if the anterodorsal process is directed rather anteriorly than anterodorsally. This is the case for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401A99F8588303F876" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[487,592,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401A99F8588303F876" box="[487,592,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401922F8588380F876" box="[604,723,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401922F8588380F876" box="[604,723,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401855FCDC82F5FCF2" box="[811,934,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
. The ilium is ‘slanted dorsally’ if the anteroventral process is directed rather anteriorly than anteroventrally, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401834FC1C82B1FC32" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[842,994,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401834FC1C82B1FC32" box="[842,994,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The ilium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401F00FC1C85A7FC32" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1150,1268,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401F00FC1C85A7FC32" box="[1150,1268,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4144401F85FC1C8416FC32" box="[1275,1349,917,943]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is slanted neither ventrally nor dorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C414440183DFC5C84E1FB73" blockId="48.[811,1458,853,2028]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
On the ilium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401898FC5D850AFC73" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[998,1113,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401898FC5D850AFC73" box="[998,1113,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4144401F1EFC5C85FBFC72" box="[1120,1192,981,1007]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the anteroventral process only slightly project anteriorly as compared to the anterodorsal process (char. 78 [1]). This condition is intermediate between the condition in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401FF6FBBD845DFBD3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1160,1294,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401E38FBBD84FEFBD3" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1350,1453,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
: in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C41444018F0FBDD8544FBF3" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[910,1047,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401E66FBDC84D3FBF3" box="[1304,1408,1109,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401E66FBDC84D3FBF3" box="[1304,1408,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401853FBFD8296FB13" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[813,965,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401853FBFD8296FB13" box="[813,965,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the anteroventral and anterodorsal processes are almost at the same level, anteriorly; in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401E6FFB1D8429FB33" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1297,1402,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401851FB3C82CAFB53" box="[815,921,1205,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401851FB3C82CAFB53" box="[815,921,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C41444018AAFB3D853DFB53" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[980,1134,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C41444018AAFB3D853DFB53" box="[980,1134,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the anteroventral process is located well anterior to the level of the anterodorsal process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C414440183DFB7A858BFA33" blockId="48.[811,1458,853,2028]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
The anterodorsal process on the ilium of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401F95FB7A8433FA90" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1259,1376,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401F95FB7A8433FA90" box="[1259,1376,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4144401E19FB7D84E3FA93" box="[1383,1456,1268,1294]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
forms an acute angle in lateral view. Among other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401E38FA9A84F8FAB0" box="[1350,1451,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, this angle varies from an acute angle in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401FB4FABA847EFAD0" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1226,1325,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
and in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401E05FABD8238FAF0" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401E05FABD8238FAF0" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C414440189CFADA853FFAF0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[994,1132,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, a right angle in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401E6CFADA8429FAF0" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1298,1402,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401E6CFADA8429FAF0" box="[1298,1402,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and an obtuse angle in other extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401F04FAFA8450FA10" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1146,1283,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, and the extinct monachines
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C41444018CBFA1A857FFA30" box="[949,1068,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C41444018CBFA1A857FFA30" box="[949,1068,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401F1DFA1A8582FA30" box="[1123,1233,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401F1DFA1A8582FA30" box="[1123,1233,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C414440183DFA3A85CFF931" blockId="48.[811,1458,853,2028]" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
The posterodorsal process is anteroposteriorly broad, located posterior to the level of the blunt posteroventral process. Both are fairly well developed. Among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401FA8FA7A840CF990" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1238,1375,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, a well-developed posterodorsal process is a characteristic shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401855F9BB82C2F9D1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[811,913,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the extant monachines
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401FF0F9BA842DF9D1" authority=", Monachini" authorityName="Monachini" box="[1166,1406,1586,1613]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401FF0F9BA85A6F9D1" box="[1166,1269,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Mirounga</emphasis>
, Monachini
</taxonomicName>
, and the extinct monachine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401F59F9DB85C6F9F1" box="[1063,1173,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401F59F9DB85C6F9F1" box="[1063,1173,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A well-developed posteroventral process is a characteristic also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401E3BF9FB84F8F911" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1349,1451,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401850F91A8222F931" box="[814,881,1683,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401850F91A8222F931" box="[814,881,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C41444018D0F91B8576F931" box="[942,1061,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
(char. 79).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C414441183DF93B83A6FDCD" blockId="48.[811,1458,853,2028]" lastBlockId="49.[130,775,534,783]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">
The iliopectineal eminence forms a distinct and prominent anteriorly-oriented hook for the origin of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401E73F95A84E2F971" box="[1293,1457,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">m. psoas minor</emphasis>
(char. 80[0]). Combined with the posteroventral process of the ilium, this results in a strongly concave ventral margin of the ilium, for the origin of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401F2DF8BB85BEF8D6" box="[1107,1261,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">m. psoas major</emphasis>
. This eminence is located ventral to the anterior half of the acetabulum. Among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401855F8F882EAF816" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[811,953,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, a (moderately) well-developed iliopectineal eminence is a characteristic shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401FB5F8188467F836" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1227,1332,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401FB5F8188467F836" box="[1227,1332,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401E3FF81B82F7F856" authority=", Monachini" authorityName="Monachini" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401E3FF81B84FBF836" box="[1345,1448,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Mirounga</emphasis>
, Monachini
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C41444018A4F838851BF856" box="[986,1096,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C41444018A4F838851BF856" box="[986,1096,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401F0BF83885BFF856" box="[1141,1260,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4144401F0BF83885BFF856" box="[1141,1260,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="77">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the development of the iliopectineal eminence is variable. Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4144401E58F85884FCF876" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1318,1455,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="48" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
and other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411A44FD9F8092FDAD" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[314,449,534,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, lack an iliopectineal eminence, or have an iliopectineal eminence that is strongly reduced.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4044411853FF5285D8FE9E" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" startId="49.[813,824,219,236]" targetBox="[814,1416,317,832]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="49" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411853FF5285D8FE9E" blockId="49.[811,1456,219,259]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4044411853FF528209FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[813,858,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
20. — Measurements (in mm) of the femur of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411F92FF5284E3FF71" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1260,1456,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411F92FF5284E3FF71" box="[1260,1456,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4044411855FF7B82CCFE9E" box="[811,927,242,259]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411FA2FEB484DBFCDD" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<table id="F90A80E44C40BB8F1850FEB484DBFCDD" box="[814,1416,317,832]" colsContinueFrom="37.[814,1405,340,743]" gridcols="3" gridrows="21" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FEB484DBFECC" box="[814,1416,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FEB484DBFECC" box="[814,1416,317,337]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411FA2FEB4842DFECC" bold="true" box="[1244,1406,317,337]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">MNHN.F.PPI276</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FEDE84DBFEF6" box="[814,1416,343,363]" gridrow="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FEDE84DBFEF6" box="[814,1416,343,363]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411F85FEDE8433FEF6" bold="true" box="[1275,1376,343,363]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">(holotype)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FEFC84DBFE14" box="[814,1416,373,393]" gridrow="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FEFC8516FE14" box="[814,1093,373,393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411850FEFC82C7FE14" bold="true" box="[814,916,373,393]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFEFC8455FE14" box="[1232,1286,373,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411FA2FEFC85AFFE14" bold="true" box="[1244,1276,373,393]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFEFC84DBFE14" box="[1362,1416,373,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411E29FEFC84D5FE14" bold="true" box="[1367,1414,373,393]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FE1A84DBFE3A" box="[814,1416,403,423]" gridrow="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FE1A8516FE3A" box="[814,1093,403,423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Overall, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFE1A8455FE3A" box="[1232,1286,403,423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">107.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFE1A84DBFE3A" box="[1362,1416,403,423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">109.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FE2284DBFE22" box="[814,1416,427,447]" gridrow="4" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FE228516FE22" box="[814,1093,427,447]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Proximal epiphysis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFE228455FE22" box="[1232,1286,427,447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">60.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFE2284DBFE22" box="[1362,1416,427,447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">57.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FE4A84DBFE4A" box="[814,1416,451,471]" gridrow="5" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FE4A8516FE4A" box="[814,1093,451,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Distal epiphysis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFE4A8455FE4A" box="[1232,1286,451,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">60.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFE4A84DBFE4A" box="[1362,1416,451,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">61.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FE5284DBFE72" box="[814,1416,475,495]" gridrow="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FE528516FE72" box="[814,1093,475,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Head, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFE528455FE72" box="[1232,1286,475,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">23.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFE5284DBFE72" box="[1362,1416,475,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">22.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FE7A84DBFD9A" box="[814,1416,499,519]" gridrow="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FE7A8516FD9A" box="[814,1093,499,519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Head, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFE7A8455FD9A" box="[1232,1286,499,519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">25.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFE7A84DBFD9A" box="[1362,1416,499,519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">25.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FD8284DBFD82" box="[814,1416,523,543]" gridrow="8" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FD828516FD82" box="[814,1093,523,543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Neck, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFD828455FD82" box="[1232,1286,523,543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">23.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFD8284DBFD82" box="[1362,1416,523,543]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">23.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FDAA84DBFDAA" box="[814,1416,547,567]" gridrow="9" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FDAA8516FDAA" box="[814,1093,547,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Greater trochanter, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFDAA8455FDAA" box="[1232,1286,547,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">34.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFDAA84DBFDAA" box="[1362,1416,547,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">33.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FDB284DBFDD2" box="[814,1416,571,591]" gridrow="10" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FDB28516FDD2" box="[814,1093,571,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Greater trochanter, breath</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFDB28455FDD2" box="[1232,1286,571,591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">21.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFDB284DBFDD2" box="[1362,1416,571,591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">21.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FDDA84DBFDFA" box="[814,1416,595,615]" gridrow="11" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FDDA8516FDFA" box="[814,1093,595,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Diaphysis, minimum width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFDDA8455FDFA" box="[1232,1286,595,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">33.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFDDA84DBFDFA" box="[1362,1416,595,615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">32.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FDE584DBFD1D" box="[814,1416,620,640]" gridrow="12" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FDE58516FD1D" box="[814,1093,620,640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Diaphysis, minimum breath</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFDE58455FD1D" box="[1232,1286,620,640]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">15.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFDE584DBFD1D" box="[1362,1416,620,640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">16.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FD0D84DBFD05" box="[814,1416,644,664]" gridrow="13" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FD0D8516FD05" box="[814,1093,644,664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Distal condyles, width across</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFD0D8455FD05" box="[1232,1286,644,664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">55.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFD0D84DBFD05" box="[1362,1416,644,664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">56.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FD1584DBFD2D" box="[814,1416,668,688]" gridrow="14" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FD158516FD2D" box="[814,1093,668,688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Intercondylar groove, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFD158455FD2D" box="[1232,1286,668,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">11.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFD1584DBFD2D" box="[1362,1416,668,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">12.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FD3D84DBFD55" box="[814,1416,692,712]" gridrow="15" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FD3D8516FD55" box="[814,1093,692,712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Lateral condyle, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFD3D8455FD55" box="[1232,1286,692,712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">22.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFD3D84DBFD55" box="[1362,1416,692,712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">23.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FD4584DBFD7D" box="[814,1416,716,736]" gridrow="16" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FD458516FD7D" box="[814,1093,716,736]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Lateral condyle, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFD458455FD7D" box="[1232,1286,716,736]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">24.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFD4584DBFD7D" box="[1362,1416,716,736]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">25.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FD6D84DBFD65" box="[814,1416,740,760]" gridrow="17" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FD6D8516FD65" box="[814,1093,740,760]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Medial condyle, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFD6D8455FD65" box="[1232,1286,740,760]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">19.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFD6D84DBFD65" box="[1362,1416,740,760]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">19.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FD7584DBFC8D" box="[814,1416,764,784]" gridrow="18" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FD758516FC8D" box="[814,1093,764,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Medial condyle, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFD758455FC8D" box="[1232,1286,764,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">22.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFD7584DBFC8D" box="[1362,1416,764,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">22.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FC9D84DBFCB5" box="[814,1416,788,808]" gridrow="19" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FC9D8516FCB5" box="[814,1093,788,808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Patellar facet, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFC9D8455FCB5" box="[1232,1286,788,808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">20.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFC9D84DBFCB5" box="[1362,1416,788,808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">21.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C40BB8F1850FCA584DBFCDD" box="[814,1416,812,832]" gridrow="20" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<th id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1850FCA58516FCDD" box="[814,1093,812,832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Patellar facet, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1FAEFCA58455FCDD" box="[1232,1286,812,832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">23.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C40BB8F1E2CFCA584DBFCDD" box="[1362,1416,812,832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">23.3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4044411BFDFE12831EFE44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671226/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" startId="49.[131,142,411,428]" targetBox="[132,775,215,368]" targetPageId="49" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411BFDFE12831EFE44" blockId="49.[131,776,411,473]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4044411BFDFE1281CEFE36" baselines="424,424" box="[131,157,411,428]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 35. — Baculum of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411A2FFE128370FE31" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[337,547,411,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411A2FFE128370FE31" box="[337,547,411,428]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4044411954FE1283FAFE31" box="[554,681,411,428]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): partial baculum, missing the proximal portion, in left lateral view, with the distal apex on the left. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411BE5FDDF83ADFC92" blockId="49.[130,775,534,783]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">The acetabulum is large: the dorsal margin of the acetabulum contributes to the dorsal margin of the innominate. The acetabulum is deep and the margins are raised over the bone. The iliac branch of the pubis is slightly transversely flattened. Posteriorly, the ventral margin of the pubis flattens, i.e., expands slightly, transversely towards the pubic symphysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411BFAFCBC8016FCD2" blockId="49.[130,775,821,1135]" box="[132,325,821,847]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C4044411BFAFCBC8016FCD2" box="[132,325,821,847]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411BFAFCBC8016FCD2" box="[132,325,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
Baculum (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C4044411B8FFCBF806FFCD2" box="[241,316,821,847]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="49.[131,142,411,428]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,368]" captionTargetId="figure-749@49.[132,776,214,368]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIG. 35. — Baculum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): partial baculum, missing the proximal portion, in left lateral view, with the distal apex on the left. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671226/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411BFAFCDC835FFBF2" blockId="49.[130,775,821,1135]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
A partial baculum is preserved for the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C404441195CFCDC83D7FCF2" box="[546,644,853,879]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, confirming that the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C4044411BA2FCFC8068FC12" box="[220,315,885,911]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
represents a male individual. The preserved portion is long (+
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C4044411A3CFC1C80EBFC32" box="[322,440,917,943]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.301" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="130.1">130.1 mm</quantity>
), slender and sub-triangular in cross-section and slightly curving dorsally. Given the scarcity of fossil seal bacula, comparisons are only possible with bacula from extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411A79FC7D803EFB93" box="[263,365,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, the incompleteness of this specimen precludes any detailed comparison, especially considering that the baculum is subject to important ontogenetic changes (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4044411A2FFBDD80AEFBF3" author="MOREJOHN G. V." box="[337,509,1108,1134]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" pagination="877 - 881" refId="ref48658" refString="MOREJOHN G. V. 2001. - Baculum of the Weddell seal with comparisons to other phocid seals. Journal of Mammalogy 82: 877 - 881. https: // doi. org / 10.1644 / 1545 - 1542 (2001) 082 % 3 C 0877: BOTW" type="journal article" year="2001">Morejohn 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411BFAFB1C80C7FB33" blockId="49.[130,776,1172,2028]" box="[132,404,1172,1198]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C4044411BFAFB1C80C7FB33" box="[132,404,1172,1198]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411BFAFB1C80C7FB33" box="[132,404,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
Femur (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C4044411BA6FB1C8070FB33" box="[216,291,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="50.[132,143,1170,1187]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-437@50.[698,1267,213,763]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIG. 36. — Femora of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left femur in posterior view; B, the same femur in anterior view; C, labelled line drawing corresponding with A; D, labelled line drawing corresponding with B; E, right femur in anterior view; F, the same femur in posterior view; G, the same femur in medial view; H, the same femur in lateral view. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved parts, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671230/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4044411A51FB1D80D8FB33" box="[303,395,1172,1198]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="49.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="TABLE 20. — Measurements (in mm) of the femur of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276)." pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Table 20</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411BFAFB3D8342FAF0" blockId="49.[130,776,1172,2028]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
Both left and right femora are preserved for the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C40444119DEFB3D8250FB53" box="[672,771,1204,1230]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4044411BF8FB5D81B1FB73" box="[134,226,1236,1262]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276. The
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C4044411AFBFB5D80B7FB73" box="[389,484,1236,1262]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
also includes one preserved patella.In addition,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4044411A32FB7D80F7FA93" box="[332,420,1268,1294]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI281,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C404441196BFB7D833FFA93" box="[533,620,1268,1294]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI284, and
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4044411BFCFA9D818FFAB3" box="[130,220,1300,1326]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI289 are also referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411964FA9A8255FAB0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[538,774,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411964FA9A8255FAB0" box="[538,774,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4044411BFAFABD8046FAD3" box="[132,277,1332,1358]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
As in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411AE8FABA80A8FAD0" box="[406,507,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, the femur of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C40444119EEFABA8255FAD0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[656,774,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C40444119EEFABA8255FAD0" box="[656,774,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4044411BFAFADD819CFAF3" box="[132,207,1364,1390]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is anteroposteriorly flattened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411BE5FAFA8094F971" blockId="49.[130,776,1172,2028]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
The femoral head is markedly globular, as is observed in phocines contrasting with the condition in extant monachines. However, as compared to fossil monachines the head of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411B9CFA5A8009FA70" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[226,346,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411B9CFA5A8009FA70" box="[226,346,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4044411A1FFA5A80FDFA70" box="[353,430,1491,1517]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is clearly more globulous than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411BDBFA7A8071F990" box="[165,290,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411BDBFA7A8071F990" box="[165,290,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411A4AFA7A8028F991" box="[308,379,1523,1548]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411A4AFA7A8028F991" box="[308,379,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411ABFFA7A8378F990" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[449,555,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411ABFFA7A8378F990" box="[449,555,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and slightly more than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411BA7F99B8010F9B1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[217,323,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411BA7F99B8010F9B1" box="[217,323,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The neck is moderately well-defined as is observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411A74F9BB8021F9D1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[266,370,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411A74F9BB8021F9D1" box="[266,370,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411ACDF9BA80A4F9D1" box="[435,503,1587,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411ACDF9BA80A4F9D1" box="[435,503,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but contrasting with the condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411A6FF9DB80DBF9F1" box="[273,392,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411A6FF9DB80DBF9F1" box="[273,392,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411971F9DB83D5F9F1" box="[527,646,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
which have a better-defined neck than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411AC0F9FB8367F911" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[446,564,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411AC0F9FB8367F911" box="[446,564,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4044411945F9FA83D7F910" box="[571,644,1651,1677]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The neck of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411BFDF91B81AAF931" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[131,249,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411BFDF91B81AAF931" box="[131,249,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4044411A7EF91A801AF930" box="[256,329,1683,1709]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in dictinctly less defined than in phocines except
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411BB5F93B806AF951" baseAuthorityName="Nilsson" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[203,313,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Cystophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411BB5F93B806AF951" box="[203,313,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Cystophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but much better pronounced than in extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411BFCF95B8058F971" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[130,267,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
and Miroungini.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411BE5F97B8254F876" blockId="49.[130,776,1172,2028]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
The femoral head and neck are oriented proximomedially, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411A79F89B8023F8B1" box="[263,368,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, except for extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411938F89B8387F8B1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[582,724,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
and the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411B89F8BB800EF8D6" box="[247,349,1842,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411B89F8BB800EF8D6" box="[247,349,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the head and neck are more proximally oriented. This may also be the case for the extinct monachine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411A7DF8F88025F816" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" box="[259,374,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Callophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411A7DF8F88025F816" box="[259,374,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Callophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, if the isolated femora assigned to the taxon in the past indeed represent
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411A8BF818833BF836" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" box="[501,616,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Callophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411A8BF818833BF836" box="[501,616,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Callophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4044411906F81B81EFF856" author="VAN BENEDEN P. - J." pageId="49" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref49914" refString="VAN BENEDEN P. - J. 1877. - Description des ossements fossiles des environs d'Anvers, premiere partie. Pinnipedes ou amphitheriens. Annales du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique 1: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1877">Van Beneden 1877</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4044411BB2F83880EEF856" author="KORETSKY I. A. &amp; RAY C. E." box="[204,445,1969,1996]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" pagination="81 - 140" refId="ref48310" refString="KORETSKY I. A. &amp; RAY C. E. 2008. - Phocidae of the Pliocene of Eastern North America, in RAY C. E., BOHASKA D. J., KORETSKY I. A., WARD L. W. &amp; BARNES L. G. (eds), Geology and Paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. Volume IV. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Special Publication 14: 81 - 140." type="journal article" year="2008">Koretsky &amp; Ray 2008</bibRefCitation>
; contra
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4044411964F8388253F856" author="DEWAELE L. &amp; PEREDO C. M. &amp; MEYVISCH P. &amp; LOUWYE S." box="[538,768,1969,1995]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" pagination="172437" refId="ref47069" refString="DEWAELE L., PEREDO C. M., MEYVISCH P. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2018 b. - Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Royal Society Open Science 5: Article 172437. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 172437" type="journal article" year="2018">
Dewaele
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411903F83B83E1F856" box="[637,690,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2018b
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4044411BFAF8588066F876" author="RULE J. P. &amp; ADAMS J. W. &amp; ROVISNKY D. S. &amp; HOCKING D. P. &amp; EVANS A. R. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M." box="[132,309,2001,2027]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" pagination="201591" refId="ref49365" refString="RULE J. P., ADAMS J. W., ROVISNKY D. S., HOCKING D. P., EVANS A. R. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. 2020 a. - A new large-bodied Pliocene seal with unusual cutting teeth. Royal Society Open Science 7: 201591. https: // doi. org. 10.1098 / rsos. 201591" type="journal article" year="2020">
Rule
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411BC5F85B81BEF876" box="[187,237,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2020a
</bibRefCitation>
; see comments on the humerus above in the
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4044411855FC1C8408FB93" blockId="49.[811,1457,917,2027]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
present study). In extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411F4AFC1C85C9FC32" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1076,1178,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the medial component of the orientation of the femoral head and neck is always greater than in fossil and extant monachines. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411F9CFC5D840BFC73" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1250,1368,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411F9CFC5D840BFC73" box="[1250,1368,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4044411E21FC5C84F8FC72" box="[1375,1451,981,1007]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the fovea capitis is not defined on the femoral head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C404441183DFB9D85D4FA30" blockId="49.[811,1457,917,2027]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
The greater trochanter is roughly rectangular in anterior and posterior view, and oval in proximolateral view.Proximally, the greater trochanter extends more proximally than the femoral head. This has also been observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411FB9FBFD8479FB13" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1223,1322,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411850FB1D82E7FB33" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[814,948,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(char. 81[2]). Among extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411F87FB1D84D1FB33" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1273,1410,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the greater trochanter is higher than the femoral head, only in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411850FB5D82C4FB73" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[814,919,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411850FB5D82C4FB73" box="[814,919,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C40444118B7FB5D8532FB73" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[969,1121,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C40444118B7FB5D8532FB73" box="[969,1121,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From the previously published literature, the exact orientation of the femur needed to assess this character remains unclear, thus, allowing interpretation. It remains difficult to find the exact orientation of the long axis of the femur independently. Therefore, we consider the long axis to be perpendicular to the line of the least transverse width of the diaphysis (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C4044411F55FA1A8524FA30" box="[1067,1143,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="50.[132,143,1170,1187]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-437@50.[698,1267,213,763]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIG. 36. — Femora of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left femur in posterior view; B, the same femur in anterior view; C, labelled line drawing corresponding with A; D, labelled line drawing corresponding with B; E, right femur in anterior view; F, the same femur in posterior view; G, the same femur in medial view; H, the same femur in lateral view. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved parts, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671230/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C404441183DFA3A85E7F911" blockId="49.[811,1457,917,2027]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
On the posterior surface, the greater trochanter bears a deep trochanteric fossa (char. 82[0]). This fossa opens posteromedially and is covered proximally by a bony lip. Such a deep trochanteric fossa is a characteristic shared with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411E5FF99B84D0F9B1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1313,1411,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411801F9BB855BF9D1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[895,1032,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411FEAF9BB85ACF9D1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1172,1279,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411FEAF9BB85ACF9D1" box="[1172,1279,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411E44F9BB84CDF9D1" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[1338,1438,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4044411E44F9BB84CDF9D1" box="[1338,1438,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Apart from
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C40444118CDF9DB855FF9F1" box="[947,1036,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C40444118CDF9DB855FF9F1" box="[947,1036,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4044411FF5F9DB8440F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1163,1299,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
have no, or a strongly reduced, trochanteric fossa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C404441183DF91B857CF951" blockId="49.[811,1457,917,2027]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">The narrowest part of the diaphysis is slightly proximal to mid-length of the bone.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C404442183DF95B8025F911" blockId="49.[811,1457,917,2027]" lastBlockId="50.[130,777,1331,2027]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">
The epicondylar crest on the medial margin of the femur has a sub-vertical and distinctly straight medial margin in posterior view. Proximally, this crest terminates near mid-length of the bone, and just distal to a nutrient foramen (char. 85[1]). This foramen is observed on both femora of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C404441182BF8F882E0F816" box="[853,947,1905,1931]" pageId="49" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C40444118BEF8FB854EF811" box="[960,1053,1906,1932]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276) and on
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4044411F9CF8F8846EF816" box="[1250,1341,1905,1931]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI289; it is apparently absent in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4044411F4CF81885DEF836" box="[1074,1165,1937,1963]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI281 but could not be observed on the two other isolated femora available for this study (
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C404441180FF858829BF876" box="[881,968,2001,2027]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="49" pageNumber="78">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI284 and 296) since this region of the bone was damaged on these specimens. It is therefore not possible to determinate if this structure is a variation in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C43444219EDFADA825AFAF0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[659,777,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C43444219EDFADA825AFAF0" box="[659,777,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4344421BFAFAFD819CFA13" box="[132,207,1396,1422]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
or a specific feature of this taxon. A similar foramen is also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4344421A3DFA1D80D4FA30" box="[323,391,1428,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421A3DFA1D80D4FA30" box="[323,391,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(on the only known femur for this genus) but absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4344421A0CFA3A80BAFA50" box="[370,489,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421A0CFA3A80BAFA50" box="[370,489,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Distally, the epicondylar crest extends prominently, resulting in a lateral contortion of the distal epiphysis. This condition is not different from that in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4344421A69F99B80F2F9B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[279,417,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. By contrast, the development of the epicondylar crest is not as strong in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C434442195FF9BB83D5F9D1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[545,646,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, resulting in the lack of such a distolateral distortion of the distal epiphysis in the latter subfamily.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4344421BFAFB1B803DFB7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671230/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" startId="50.[132,143,1170,1187]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1127]" targetPageId="50" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4344421BFAFB1B803DFB7A" blockId="50.[132,1457,1170,1255]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4344421BFAFB1B81CEFB3F" baselines="1183,1183" box="[132,157,1170,1187]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 36. — Femora of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4344421A45FB1B8353FB3E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[315,512,1170,1187]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421A45FB1B8353FB3E" box="[315,512,1170,1187]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C434442197BFB1B8329FB3E" box="[517,634,1170,1187]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C434442180EFB1B822EFB3E" bold="true" box="[880,893,1170,1187]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
, left femur in posterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421F0FFB1B852DFB3E" bold="true" box="[1137,1150,1170,1187]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">B</emphasis>
, the same femur in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421EE2FB1B84F9FB3E" bold="true" box="[1436,1450,1170,1187]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">C</emphasis>
, labelled line drawing corresponding with
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421AA3FB2080B9FB27" bold="true" box="[477,490,1193,1210]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421A8BFB208350FB27" bold="true" box="[501,515,1193,1210]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">D</emphasis>
, labelled line drawing corresponding with B;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421800FB2082D9FB27" bold="true" box="[894,906,1193,1210]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">E</emphasis>
, right femur in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421FFFFB2085DFFB27" bold="true" box="[1153,1164,1193,1210]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">F</emphasis>
, the same femur in posterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421BFAFB3681C1FB4D" bold="true" box="[132,146,1215,1232]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">G</emphasis>
, the same femur in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421AD8FB3680E7FB4D" bold="true" box="[422,436,1215,1232]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">H</emphasis>
, the same femur in lateral view. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved parts, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4344421BE5F91B838DF836" blockId="50.[130,777,1331,2027]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">
The lateral epicondyle forms a short but distinct crest, proximally almost reaching just below the proximal tip of the epicondylar crest. As for the medial epicondyle, a strongly developed lateral epicondyle is a characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4344421904F97B8252F891" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[634,769,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, separating the subfamily from
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4344421AACF89B836AF8B1" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[466,569,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
. A rugosity on the anterolateral margin of the distal epiphysis marks the origin surface for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421A7FF8DB8095F8F6" box="[257,454,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">m. peroneus longus</emphasis>
(char. 86[1]). This condition is like that in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4344421A25F8F880B7F816" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[347,484,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for the extinct
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C43444219A7F8F8807FF836" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C43444219A7F8F8807AF836" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Callophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">Callophoca obscura</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
in which this surface is located laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4344421BE5F838829EFA30" blockId="50.[130,777,1331,2027]" lastBlockId="50.[810,1457,1331,1709]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">
The patellar facet on the anterior surface of the distal epiphysis is raised and marginally wider than it is high. With the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4344421894FABA8500FAD0" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1002,1107,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421894FABA8500FAD0" box="[1002,1107,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this corresponds to the condition in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C43444218C2FADA8515FAF0" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[956,1094,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4344421F11FADA858AFAF0" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1135,1241,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421F11FADA858AFAF0" box="[1135,1241,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the patellar facet is as high as it is wide. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4344421F57FAFA85DCFA10" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1065,1167,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the patellar facet is higher than it is wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C434442183DFA3A8440F930" blockId="50.[810,1457,1331,1709]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">
The distal condyles strongly differ in size, with the lateral condyle being significantly larger than the medial condyle (char. 84[1]). This condition has been observed in many extinct and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C43444218D9F99B855EF9B1" box="[935,1037,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, across both subfamilies. Whereas the lateral condyle is gently convex, the convexity of the medial condyle is faint. In posterior view, the medial condyle is also contorted distally and laterally, due to the strong development and distal projection of the epicondylar crest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4344421853F95B856CF971" blockId="50.[813,1087,1746,1772]" box="[813,1087,1746,1772]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C4344421853F95B856CF971" box="[813,1087,1746,1772]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4344421853F95B856CF971" box="[813,1087,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">
Patella (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C43444218FDF95A829DF971" box="[899,974,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="51.[132,143,591,608]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,549]" captionTargetId="figure-854@51.[132,776,214,549]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIG. 37. — Right (?) patella of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype MNHN.F.PPI276): A, right patella in anterior view;B, the same patella in articular or posterior view. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671234/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C43444218A5F95B8565F971" box="[987,1078,1746,1772]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="51.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="TABLE 21. — Measurements (in mm) of the patella of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276)." pageId="50" pageNumber="79">Table 21</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4344421853F97B84E1F876" blockId="50.[811,1458,1778,2028]" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">
The patella (probably right) is notably higher (
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C4344421E70F97B8421F891" box="[1294,1394,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="25.6">25.6 mm</quantity>
) than it is wide (
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C43444218E1F89B855AF8B1" box="[927,1033,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="23.1">23.1 mm</quantity>
), slightly tapering proximally (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C4344421E25F89B84FBF8B1" box="[1371,1448,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="51.[132,143,591,608]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,549]" captionTargetId="figure-854@51.[132,776,214,549]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIG. 37. — Right (?) patella of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype MNHN.F.PPI276): A, right patella in anterior view;B, the same patella in articular or posterior view. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671234/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="79">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4344421853F8B882DEF8D1" box="[813,909,1841,1868]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="51.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="TABLE 21. — Measurements (in mm) of the patella of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276)." pageId="50" pageNumber="79">Table 21</tableCitation>
). It is roughly symmetrical in anterior view. The articular facet for the femur is equally wide as high (
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C4344421E3EF8DB84F7F8F1" box="[1344,1444,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="19.7">19.7 mm</quantity>
), but also tapering proximally. The articular facet is slightly concave, and the anterior surface is strongly convex, giving the patella a crescent appearance in lateral view; with the maximum thickness of the patella (
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C4344421FD4F858845CF876" box="[1194,1295,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="50" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="15.9">15.9 mm</quantity>
) offset distally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4244431853FF5285D8FE9E" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" startId="51.[813,824,219,236]" targetBox="[814,1431,317,439]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="51" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4244431853FF5285D8FE9E" blockId="51.[811,1456,219,259]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4244431853FF528209FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[813,858,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
21. — Measurements (in mm) of the patella of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431F91FF5284E3FF71" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1263,1456,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431F91FF5284E3FF71" box="[1263,1456,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4244431855FF7B82CCFE9E" box="[811,927,242,259]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4244431850FEB48475FE2A" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<table id="F90A80E44C42BB8F1850FEB484C4FE2A" box="[814,1431,317,439]" colsContinueFrom="33.[134,763,340,564]" gridcols="2" gridrows="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<tr id="353A70064C42BB8F1850FEB484C4FECC" box="[814,1431,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<th id="76EB197A4C42BB8F1850FEB482AAFECC" box="[814,1017,317,337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431850FEB482C7FECC" bold="true" box="[814,916,317,337]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C42BB8F1FF5FEB484C4FECC" box="[1163,1431,317,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431FF5FEB484C4FECC" bold="true" box="[1163,1431,317,337]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">MNHN.F.PPI276 (holotype)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C42BB8F1850FED284C4FEF2" box="[814,1431,347,367]" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<td id="76EB197A4C42BB8F1850FED282AAFEF2" box="[814,1017,347,367]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Overall, height</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C42BB8F1FF5FED284C4FEF2" box="[1163,1431,347,367]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">25.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C42BB8F1850FEFA84C4FE1A" box="[814,1431,371,391]" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<td id="76EB197A4C42BB8F1850FEFA82AAFE1A" box="[814,1017,371,391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Overall, width</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C42BB8F1FF5FEFA84C4FE1A" box="[1163,1431,371,391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">22.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C42BB8F1850FE0284C4FE02" box="[814,1431,395,415]" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<td id="76EB197A4C42BB8F1850FE0282AAFE02" box="[814,1017,395,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Articular facet, height</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C42BB8F1FF5FE0284C4FE02" box="[1163,1431,395,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">20.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C42BB8F1850FE2A84C4FE2A" box="[814,1431,419,439]" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<td id="76EB197A4C42BB8F1850FE2A82AAFE2A" box="[814,1017,419,439]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Articular facet, width</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C42BB8F1FF5FE2A84C4FE2A" box="[1163,1431,419,439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">19.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4244431BFAFDC680F0FD13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671234" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671234/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" startId="51.[132,143,591,608]" targetBox="[132,775,215,549]" targetPageId="51" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4244431BFAFDC680F0FD13" blockId="51.[132,775,591,654]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4244431BFAFDC681CEFDFD" baselines="604,605" box="[132,157,591,608]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 37. — Right (?) patella of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431A04FDC6836CFDFD" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[378,575,591,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431A04FDC6836CFDFD" box="[378,575,591,608]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C424443193DFDC683E5FDFD" box="[579,694,591,608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431A64FDEF8074FDEA" bold="true" box="[282,295,614,631]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">A</emphasis>
, right patella in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C424443196AFDEF8372FDEA" bold="true" box="[532,545,614,631]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">B</emphasis>
, the same patella in articular or posterior view. Scale bar: 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4244431BFAFD5C8084FD6D" blockId="51.[130,778,725,2027]" box="[132,471,725,752]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C4244431BFAFD5C8084FD6D" box="[132,471,725,752]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431BFAFD5C8084FD6D" box="[132,471,725,752]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
Tibia-Fibula (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C4244431A62FD5F8034FD6D" box="[284,359,726,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="52.[132,143,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-259@52.[698,1267,782,1352]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIG. 38. — Left tibia and fibula of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left tibia and fibula in anterior view; B, the same tibia and fibula in posterior view; C, proximal view of the same tibia and fibula; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved areas, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671236/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4244431A0DFD5C809DFD6D" box="[371,462,725,752]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="53.[132,143,1235,1252]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="TABLE 22. — Measurements (in mm) of the tibia and fibula of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage; n/a, a character could not be measured." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4444451BFAFB5A8376FA8C" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C4444451BFAFB5A8376FA8C">Table 22</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4244431BFAFD7F83CCFC52" blockId="51.[130,778,725,2027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
For the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C4244431BA1FD7C806CFC92" box="[223,319,757,783]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431A17FD7C830DFC92" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[361,606,757,783]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431A17FD7C830DFC92" box="[361,606,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C424443191BFD7F8251FC8D" box="[613,770,758,784]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4244431BF8FC9F81B1FCAD" box="[134,226,790,816]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276, both left and right tibiae and fibulae are preserved. Notwithstanding fracturing, which is locally profound, both are complete. Both tibia and fibula are described together, because they are proximally fused (char. 88[1]). This is a characteristic uniting all
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431ACDFC1C834BFC32" box="[435,536,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of the extant monachine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431A08FC3C83CBFC52" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[374,664,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schauinslandi">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431A08FC3C83CBFC52" box="[374,664,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Neomonachus schauinslandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4244431BE5FC5D8257F951" blockId="51.[130,778,725,2027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
The proximal epiphysis of the fibula, fused to the proximal epiphysis of the tibia, bears no prominent features.The proximal epiphysis of the tibia is complex. It has two articular condyles for the femur, separated by the interconyloid area. The latter is divided into an anterior and posterior pit. The two pits are separated by the intercondylar eminence, which is divided into lateral and medial intercondylar tubercles. These structures are distinctly elevated to a degree observed in phocines in contrast to the condition in extant monachines in which they are very low. The anterior pit forms a round concavity, anteriorly buttressed by the tibial tuberosity and the tibial crest. This tibial tuberosity on the anterior margin of the proximal epiphysis is triangular in outline and slightly higher than it is wide. This triangular shape conforms with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431A5AFAFA80D9FA10" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[292,394,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431A5AFAFA80D9FA10" box="[292,394,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the extinct phocine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C42444319F1FAFA8253FA10" authorityName="Dewaele, Amson, Lambert &amp; Louwye" authorityYear="2017" box="[655,768,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Nanophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C42444319F1FAFA8253FA10" box="[655,768,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Nanophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431BB2FA1A8078FA30" box="[204,299,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
have a rather transversely elongate oval tibial tuberosity. The posterior pit slopes into well-defined popliteal notch, which contrast with the very shallow structure observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431BFCFA7A81BAF990" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[130,233,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431BFCFA7A81BAF990" box="[130,233,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The condyles are relatively concave more resembling the condition observed in phocine than in monachines. The lateral condyle is the larger of the two and faintly saddle-shaped: weakly concave in anterior view and weakly convex in lateral view. The smaller medial condyle is markedly saddle-shaped. Laterally, the medial condyle presents a distinct slope which forms the medial edge of the elevated intercondylar eminence
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4244431BE5F95B8020F876" blockId="51.[130,778,725,2027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
The diaphyses of the tibia and the fibula are relatively straight: the laterally sigmoidal curvature of the distal half of the diaphysis of the tibia is weak. This corresponds with the condition observed in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431ACEF8B8836AF8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[432,569,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431BDFF8D88058F8F6" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[161,267,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431BDFF8D88058F8F6" box="[161,267,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431A39F8D880EDF8F6" box="[327,446,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
in which this lateral curvature is more profound. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431A0AF8F88089F816" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[372,474,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, this curvature is also more prominent. The diaphyses of the tibia and fibula of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C42444319EFF8188256F836" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[657,773,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C42444319EFF8188256F836" box="[657,773,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4244431BFAF83B819FF851" box="[132,204,1970,1996]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are slender, compared to other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C424443196FF83883CAF856" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[529,665,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, and more conforming
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431A76F858803CF876" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[264,367,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C424443183DFE7F84F5FD0D" blockId="51.[811,1458,502,1358]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
The diaphysis of the tibia of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431F13FE7F840BFD8D" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1133,1368,502,528]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431F13FE7F840BFD8D" box="[1133,1368,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4244431E1EFE7E823AFDAC" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
bears deep anterior and posterior tibial fossae. These fossae are typically monachine in being approximately equally developed. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C42444318BFFDDF8574FDED" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[961,1063,598,624]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the anterior tibial fossa is reduced or even absent and the posterior tibial fossa is extremely deep.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C424443183DFD1F84F2FB93" blockId="51.[811,1458,502,1358]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
The distal extremity of the tibia, which bears the medial malleolus, has a smooth triangular articulation with the distal extremity of the fibula, which bears the lateral malleolus. The latter is notably thicker and wider than the diaphysis of the fibula. The articular facet for the astragalus on the medial malleolus is sub-triangular to sub-rounded in distal view and slightly concave. A medial lip and an anterior lip extend distal to the articular surface for the astragalus. The tendon grooves on the anterior and medial margins of the medial malleolus are strongly reduced.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4244431898FC3C85DBFC52" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[998,1160,949,975]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" pagination="20 - 161" refId="ref48718" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1981. - Les vertebres fossils de la Formation Pisco (Perou) Premiere partie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae: Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud Sacaco. Institut francais d'Etudes Andines, Memoire 6: 20 - 161." type="journal article" year="1981">Muizon (1981)</bibRefCitation>
already noted this character in other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C42444318AAFC5D850EFC73" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[980,1117,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, in contrast to extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431E3DFC5D8206FB92" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, in which these grooves are generally better developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C424443183DFB9D846AFB53" blockId="51.[811,1458,502,1358]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
On the lateral surface of the lateral malleolus, a thin but strongly-raised longitudinal ridge separates the tendon grooves for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C424443182DFBDC8541FBF3" box="[851,1042,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">m. peroneus brevis</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431F34FBDC845FFBF3" box="[1098,1292,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">m. peroneus longus</emphasis>
. Such a strong development of this ridge has been observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431E5EFBFD84D0FB13" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1312,1411,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
and the extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C42444318E2FB1D854DFB33" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[924,1054,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431F5CFB1D85DBFB33" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1058,1160,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431F5CFB1D85DBFB33" box="[1058,1160,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431FEAFB1D8454FB33" box="[1172,1287,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431FEAFB1D8454FB33" box="[1172,1287,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431E42FB1D84F5FB33" box="[1340,1446,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431E42FB1D84F5FB33" box="[1340,1446,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but not in other extinct and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431FD4FB3D8467FB53" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1194,1332,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C424443183DFB5D8517FA90" blockId="51.[811,1458,502,1358]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Distally, the medial malleolus extends slightly more distal than the lateral malleolus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C424443183DFA9A85B0FAD3" blockId="51.[811,1458,502,1358]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">The articular facet for the astragalus on the fibula is semi-circular to sub-oval and slightly concave.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4244431853FAFD823DFA10" blockId="51.[811,1456,1396,2028]" box="[813,878,1396,1421]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C4244431853FAFD823DFA10" box="[813,878,1396,1421]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431853FAFD823DFA10" box="[813,878,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Tarsus</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4244431853FA1A85D1F9F1" blockId="51.[811,1456,1396,2028]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431853FA1A82F1FA30" bold="true" box="[813,930,1427,1453]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Astragalus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C42444318CDFA1A8550FA30" box="[947,1027,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="53.[132,143,1026,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-263@53.[604,1267,298,812]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIG. 39. — Left astragalus and calcaneum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp.(holotype,MNHN.F.PPI276): A, astragalus in lateral view;B, the same astragalus in medial view; C, the same astragalus in proximal view; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings; G, left calcaneum in lateral view; H, the same calcaneum in medial view; I, the same calcaneum in proximal view; J-L, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved areas, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671238/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Figs 39</figureCitation>
A-C; 40A, B;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4244431FDCFA1A8451FA30" box="[1186,1282,1427,1453]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="54.[813,824,1273,1290]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-307@54.[697,1266,213,763]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 23. — Measurements (in mm) of the astragalus of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;n/a, a character could not be measured." pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Table 23</tableCitation>
). For the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C4244431E0BFA1A820DFA50" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431882FA3A85A8FA50" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1020,1275,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431882FA3A85A8FA50" box="[1020,1275,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4244431E7BFA3A84FAFA50" box="[1285,1449,1459,1485]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4244431853FA5A82D9FA70" box="[813,906,1491,1517]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276, both left and right astragali are preserved. With the exception of slight abrasion of the caudal processes, both astragali are complete. Another well preserved right astragalus is known in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4244431F58F9BA85D0F9D0" box="[1062,1155,1587,1613]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI282, only missing the lateral apex of the fibular facet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C424443183DF9FB84FDF876" blockId="51.[811,1456,1396,2028]" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
The body (talus) bears the articular facets for the tibia and fibula. It is prominent and high. The tibial facet, medially, is sub-rectangular and strongly convex. On the medial margin of the tibial facet a deep fossa marks the medioventral margin of the facet. Such a fossa is also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431E70F97B842CF891" box="[1294,1407,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431E70F97B842CF891" box="[1294,1407,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to a minor extent in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431F70F89B85DBF8B1" box="[1038,1160,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431F70F89B85DBF8B1" box="[1038,1160,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but not in
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4244431E72F89B84D3F8B1" box="[1292,1408,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4244431E72F89B842FF8B1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1292,1404,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="51" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Acrophoca</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The fibular facet, laterally, is sub-triangular and moderately concave. It extends laterally in a rounded and slightly upturned process. On the plantar aspect of the astragalus, the ectal facet is located ventral to the posterior part of the fibular facet. It is strongly concave and forms an elongated and oval-shaped facet. In distal view, the angle between the tibial and fibular
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4544441BFAFA588251F992" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671236" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671236/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" startId="52.[132,143,1489,1506]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1446]" targetPageId="52" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4544441BFAFA588251F992" blockId="52.[132,1455,1489,1551]" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4544441BFAFA5881CEFA7C" baselines="1502,1502" box="[132,157,1489,1506]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 38. — Left tibia and fibula of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441ADEFA588336FA7F" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[416,613,1489,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441ADEFA588336FA7F" box="[416,613,1489,1506]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4544441915FA5883B1FA7F" box="[619,738,1489,1506]" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C45444418A7FA5882B5FA7F" bold="true" box="[985,998,1489,1506]" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
, left tibia and fibula in anterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441E61FA58847FFA7F" bold="true" box="[1311,1324,1489,1506]" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
, the same tibia and fibula in posterior view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441A11FA6E802EFA65" bold="true" box="[367,381,1511,1528]" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
, proximal view of the same tibia and fibula;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441993FA6E825EFA65" bold="true" box="[749,781,1511,1528]" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">D -F</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved areas, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4544441BFAF9DB8327F971" blockId="52.[131,777,1618,2028]" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">
facets is approximately right. This corresponds with many other extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441AE3F9FB8379F911" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[413,554,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of the extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441A61F91B80F8F931" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[287,427,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
and the extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441916F91B83B3F931" box="[616,736,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441916F91B83B3F931" box="[616,736,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which this angle is obtuse, up to 120°. The neck is strongly reduced. It separates the talus from the head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4544441BE5F97B8533F8D6" blockId="52.[131,777,1618,2028]" lastBlockId="52.[811,1457,1618,2027]" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">
On the plantar aspect of the head, laterally, the sustentacular facet is elongate and narrow, widening distally, merging into the articular facets for the navicular and cuboid (char. 91[1]). This corresponds with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C454444196FF8D8832AF8F6" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[529,633,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, most extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441BFDF8F88058F816" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[131,267,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441A32F8F88096F816" box="[332,453,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441A32F8F88096F816" box="[332,453,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441AADF8F88307F816" box="[467,596,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441AADF8F8831BF816" box="[467,584,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Piscophoca</taxonomicName>
),
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C45444419F8F8F88251F816" box="[646,770,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
. In extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441B96F8188021F836" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[232,370,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441AD8F81B835DF836" box="[422,526,1938,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441AD8F81B835DF836" box="[422,526,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C45444419E5F8188256F836" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[667,773,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C45444419E5F8188256F836" box="[667,773,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441BCDF838804AF856" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[179,281,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441BCDF838804AF856" box="[179,281,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the sustentacular facet is wide and short. The medial interarticular sulcus, which separates the sustentacular facet from the proximal part of the navicular facet, is deep and wide. As in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441F56F9FB85E7F911" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1064,1204,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441850F91B82C7F931" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[814,916,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441850F91B82C7F931" box="[814,916,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a noticeable angulation marks the contact between the articular facets for the cuboid and the navicular. The articular facet for the navicular curves proximodorsally on the medial surface of the astragalus, terminating on a medial prominence at the ventral margin of the fossa below the tibial facet described above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C454444183DF8D88522F876" blockId="52.[811,1457,1618,2027]" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">
The caudal process is incompletely preserved on both astragali of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C4544441895F8F88501F816" box="[1003,1106,1905,1931]" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but is perfectly preserved on
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4544441853F81882DFF836" box="[813,908,1937,1963]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI.282. It is notably short compared to other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441850F83882EFF856" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[814,956,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441F3DF83885FDF856" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1091,1198,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441F3DF83885FDF856" box="[1091,1198,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441FC1F8388469F856" box="[1215,1338,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441FC1F8388469F856" box="[1215,1338,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441E35F83884F4F856" box="[1355,1447,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4544441E35F83884F4F856" box="[1355,1447,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="81">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4544441823F8588285F876" box="[861,982,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="52" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
(char. 90[2]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4444451FE0FD2F85D1FC5B" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<table id="F90A80E44C44BB8F1F5EFD2984C7FC5B" box="[1056,1428,672,966]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1F5EFD2984C7FD53" box="[1056,1428,672,718]" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1FE0FD2985FEFD53" box="[1182,1197,672,718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">L</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1E7FFD2984C7FD53" box="[1281,1428,672,718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">distal astragalar</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1F5EFD5984C7FD79" box="[1056,1428,720,740]" gridrow="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1F5EFD5985D1FD79" box="[1056,1154,720,740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">sulcus</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1F5EFCB584C7FC1E" box="[1056,1428,828,899]" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1E7FFCB584C7FC1E" box="[1281,1428,828,899]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">proximal astragalar facet</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1F5EFC1084C7FC5B" box="[1056,1428,921,966]" gridrow="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1F5EFC1085D1FC5B" box="[1056,1154,921,966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">tuberosity tuber</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4444451BFAFB8B8363FBCA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671238/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" startId="53.[132,143,1026,1043]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,982]" targetPageId="53" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4444451BFAFB8B8363FBCA" blockId="53.[132,1456,1026,1111]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4444451BFAFB8B81CEFB8F" baselines="1039,1039" box="[132,157,1026,1043]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 39. — Left astragalus and calcaneum of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451A90FB8B83FCFB8E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[494,687,1026,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451A90FB8B83FCFB8E" box="[494,687,1026,1043]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C44444519CDFB8B8272FB8E" box="[691,801,1026,1043]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rank="species">n. gen.,n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype,MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451F6EFB8B854EFB8E" bold="true" box="[1040,1053,1026,1043]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">A</emphasis>
, astragalus in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451F8BFB8B8451FB8E" bold="true" box="[1269,1282,1026,1043]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">B</emphasis>
, the same astragalus in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451A7BFB908040FBB7" bold="true" box="[261,275,1049,1066]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">C</emphasis>
, the same astragalus in proximal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451922FB90832FFBB7" bold="true" box="[604,636,1049,1066]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">D -F</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawings;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C44444518BDFB908282FBB7" bold="true" box="[963,977,1049,1066]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">G</emphasis>
, left calcaneum in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451FA8FB9085B7FBB7" bold="true" box="[1238,1252,1049,1066]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">H</emphasis>
, the same calcaneum in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451B91FBA681A6FBDD" bold="true" box="[239,245,1071,1088]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">I</emphasis>
, the same calcaneum in proximal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451944FBA68305FBDD" bold="true" box="[570,598,1071,1088]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">J -L</emphasis>
, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved areas, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4444451BFAFB5A8376FA8C" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C4444451BFAFB5A8376FA8C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4444451BFAFB5A8376FA8C" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" startId="53.[132,143,1235,1252]" targetBox="[133,771,1356,2018]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="53" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4444451BFAFB5A8376FA8C" blockId="53.[132,775,1235,1297]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4444451BFAFB5A81E1FB7E" baselines="1248,1248" box="[132,178,1235,1252]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
22. — Measurements (in mm) of the tibia and fibula of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C444445190EFB5A81E4FB66" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C444445190EFB5A81E4FB66" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4444451BC0FB638067FB66" box="[190,308,1258,1275]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451AC8FB638092FB66" bold="true" box="[438,449,1258,1275]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451BACFA8981BCFA8C" bold="true" box="[210,239,1280,1297]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4444451853FB5A84F1FA10" blockId="53.[811,1457,1235,2028]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451853FB5A82FAFB70" bold="true" box="[813,937,1235,1261]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Calcaneum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C44444518C7FB5D855BFB73" box="[953,1032,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="53.[132,143,1026,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-263@53.[604,1267,298,812]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIG. 39. — Left astragalus and calcaneum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp.(holotype,MNHN.F.PPI276): A, astragalus in lateral view;B, the same astragalus in medial view; C, the same astragalus in proximal view; D-F, corresponding labelled line drawings; G, left calcaneum in lateral view; H, the same calcaneum in medial view; I, the same calcaneum in proximal view; J-L, corresponding labelled line drawings. Areas in gray in the line drawings indicate incompletely preserved areas, either abraded or fractured. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671238/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Figs 39</figureCitation>
G-I; 40C;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4444451F05FB5D858AFB73" box="[1147,1241,1236,1262]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="55.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="TABLE 24. — Measurements (in mm) of the calcaneum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;n/a, a character could not be measured." pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Table 24</tableCitation>
). The left and right calcanea are both preserved for the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C4444451FCAFB7A8440FA90" box="[1204,1299,1267,1293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451E45FB7A82F3FAB0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451E45FB7A82F3FAB0" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C44444518D7FA9D8514FAB3" box="[937,1095,1300,1326]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4444451F29FA9D85E6FAB3" box="[1111,1205,1300,1326]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276. For the left calcaneum, the ventral portion is slightly abraded. The right calcaneum is missing its ventromedial half. A relatively well preserved right calcaneum is known in
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4444451FADFAFA847CFA10" box="[1235,1327,1395,1421]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI282.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4444451A93FAC5819FF87F" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<table id="F90A80E44C44BB8F1BFBFAC58250F87F" box="[133,771,1356,2018]" gridcols="4" gridrows="27" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBFAC58250FAFD" box="[133,771,1356,1376]" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92FAC583C1FAFD" box="[492,658,1356,1376]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451A93FAC583DCFAFD" bold="true" box="[493,655,1356,1376]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">MNHN.F.PPI276</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6FAC58250FAFD" box="[680,771,1356,1376]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C44444519D6FAC58250FAFD" bold="true" box="[680,771,1356,1376]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">MNHN.F.</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBFAEC8250FAE4" box="[133,771,1381,1401]" gridrow="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92FAEC83C1FAE4" box="[492,658,1381,1401]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451972FAEC8322FAE4" bold="true" box="[524,625,1381,1401]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">(holotype)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6FAEC8250FAE4" box="[680,771,1381,1401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C44444519CCFAEC83ABFAE4" bold="true" box="[690,760,1381,1401]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">PPI282</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBFA0D8250FA05" box="[133,771,1412,1432]" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBFA0D8084FA05" box="[133,471,1412,1432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451BF8FA0D81BFFA05" bold="true" box="[134,236,1412,1432]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92FA0D8371FA05" box="[492,546,1412,1432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451A85FA0D8348FA05" bold="true" box="[507,539,1412,1432]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EFA0D83C1FA05" box="[592,658,1412,1432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451927FA0D83DBFA05" bold="true" box="[601,648,1412,1432]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">right</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6FA0D8250FA05" box="[680,771,1412,1432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C44444519C0FA0D83BEFA05" bold="true" box="[702,749,1412,1432]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBFA288250FA28" box="[133,771,1441,1461]" gridrow="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBFA288084FA28" box="[133,471,1441,1461]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Overall, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92FA288371FA28" box="[492,546,1441,1461]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">224.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EFA2883C1FA28" box="[592,658,1441,1461]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">237.2e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6FA288250FA28" box="[680,771,1441,1461]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBFA308250FA50" box="[133,771,1465,1485]" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBFA308084FA50" box="[133,471,1465,1485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Proximal epiphysis, max. width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92FA308371FA50" box="[492,546,1465,1485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">62.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EFA3083C1FA50" box="[592,658,1465,1485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">65.5e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6FA308250FA50" box="[680,771,1465,1485]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBFA5B8250FA7B" box="[133,771,1490,1510]" gridrow="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBFA5B8084FA7B" box="[133,471,1490,1510]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Tibial plateau, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92FA5B8371FA7B" box="[492,546,1490,1510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">51.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EFA5B83C1FA7B" box="[592,658,1490,1510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">51.7e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6FA5B8250FA7B" box="[680,771,1490,1510]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBFA638250FA63" box="[133,771,1514,1534]" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBFA638084FA63" box="[133,471,1514,1534]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Diaphysis of the tibia, min. width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92FA638371FA63" box="[492,546,1514,1534]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">22.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EFA6383C1FA63" box="[592,658,1514,1534]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6FA638250FA63" box="[680,771,1514,1534]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF98B8250F98B" box="[133,771,1538,1558]" gridrow="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF98B8084F98B" box="[133,471,1538,1558]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Diaphysis of the tibia, min. breadth</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F98B8371F98B" box="[492,546,1538,1558]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF98B83C1F98B" box="[592,658,1538,1558]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F98B8250F98B" box="[680,771,1538,1558]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF9938250F9B3" box="[133,771,1562,1582]" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF9938084F9B3" box="[133,471,1562,1582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Diaphysis of the fibula, min. width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F9938371F9B3" box="[492,546,1562,1582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">8.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF99383C1F9B3" box="[592,658,1562,1582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F9938250F9B3" box="[680,771,1562,1582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF9BB8250F9DB" box="[133,771,1586,1606]" gridrow="9" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF9BB8084F9DB" box="[133,471,1586,1606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Diaphysis of the fibula, min. breadth</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F9BB8371F9DB" box="[492,546,1586,1606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">11.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF9BB83C1F9DB" box="[592,658,1586,1606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F9BB8250F9DB" box="[680,771,1586,1606]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF9C38250F9C3" box="[133,771,1610,1630]" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF9C38084F9C3" box="[133,471,1610,1630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Medial proximal articular facet, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F9C38371F9C3" box="[492,546,1610,1630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">19.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF9C383C1F9C3" box="[592,658,1610,1630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F9C38250F9C3" box="[680,771,1610,1630]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF9EB8250F9EB" box="[133,771,1634,1654]" gridrow="11" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF9EB8250F9EB" box="[133,771,1634,1654]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Medial proximal articular facet,</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF9F58250F90D" box="[133,771,1660,1680]" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF9F58084F90D" box="[133,471,1660,1680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F9F58371F90D" box="[492,546,1660,1680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">24.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF9F583C1F90D" box="[592,658,1660,1680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">25.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F9F58250F90D" box="[680,771,1660,1680]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF91D8250F935" box="[133,771,1684,1704]" gridrow="13" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF91D8084F935" box="[133,471,1684,1704]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Lateral proximal articular facet, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F91D8371F935" box="[492,546,1684,1704]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">25.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF91D83C1F935" box="[592,658,1684,1704]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">23.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F91D8250F935" box="[680,771,1684,1704]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF9258250F95D" box="[133,771,1708,1728]" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF9258084F95D" box="[133,471,1708,1728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Lateral proximal articular facet, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F9258371F95D" box="[492,546,1708,1728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">33.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF92583C1F95D" box="[592,658,1708,1728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">33.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F9258250F95D" box="[680,771,1708,1728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF94D8250F945" box="[133,771,1732,1752]" gridrow="15" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF94D8084F945" box="[133,471,1732,1752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Intercondylar groove, min. width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F94D8371F945" box="[492,546,1732,1752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">5.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF94D83C1F945" box="[592,658,1732,1752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">7.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F94D8250F945" box="[680,771,1732,1752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF9558250F96D" box="[133,771,1756,1776]" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF9558084F96D" box="[133,471,1756,1776]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Tibial tuberosity, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F9558371F96D" box="[492,546,1756,1776]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">15.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF95583C1F96D" box="[592,658,1756,1776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">17.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F9558250F96D" box="[680,771,1756,1776]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF97D8250F895" box="[133,771,1780,1800]" gridrow="17" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF97D8084F895" box="[133,471,1780,1800]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Tibial tuberosity, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F97D8371F895" box="[492,546,1780,1800]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">17.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF97D83C1F895" box="[592,658,1780,1800]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">17.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F97D8250F895" box="[680,771,1780,1800]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF8858250F8BD" box="[133,771,1804,1824]" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF8858084F8BD" box="[133,471,1804,1824]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Distal epiphysis of the tibia, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F8858371F8BD" box="[492,546,1804,1824]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">34.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF88583C1F8BD" box="[592,658,1804,1824]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">33.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F8858250F8BD" box="[680,771,1804,1824]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">36.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF8AD8250F8A5" box="[133,771,1828,1848]" gridrow="19" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF8AD8084F8A5" box="[133,471,1828,1848]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Distal epiphysis of the tibia, breadth</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F8AD8371F8A5" box="[492,546,1828,1848]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">28.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF8AD83C1F8A5" box="[592,658,1828,1848]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">26.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F8AD8250F8A5" box="[680,771,1828,1848]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">30.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF8B58250F8CD" box="[133,771,1852,1872]" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF8B58084F8CD" box="[133,471,1852,1872]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Distal epiphysis of the fibula, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F8B58371F8CD" box="[492,546,1852,1872]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">22.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF8B583C1F8CD" box="[592,658,1852,1872]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">19.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F8B58250F8CD" box="[680,771,1852,1872]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF8DD8250F8F5" box="[133,771,1876,1896]" gridrow="21" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF8DD8084F8F5" box="[133,471,1876,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Distal epiphysis of the fibula, breadth</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F8DD8371F8F5" box="[492,546,1876,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">26.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF8DD83C1F8F5" box="[592,658,1876,1896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">27.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F8DD8250F8F5" box="[680,771,1876,1896]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">23.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF8E48250F81C" box="[133,771,1901,1921]" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF8E48084F81C" box="[133,471,1901,1921]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Distal articular facet of tibia, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F8E48371F81C" box="[492,546,1901,1921]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">20.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF8E483C1F81C" box="[592,658,1901,1921]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">20.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F8E48250F81C" box="[680,771,1901,1921]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">25.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF80C8250F804" box="[133,771,1925,1945]" gridrow="23" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF80C8084F804" box="[133,471,1925,1945]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Distal articular facet of tibia, breadth</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F80C8371F804" box="[492,546,1925,1945]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">20.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF80C83C1F804" box="[592,658,1925,1945]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">21.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F80C8250F804" box="[680,771,1925,1945]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">29.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF8148250F82C" box="[133,771,1949,1969]" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF8148084F82C" box="[133,471,1949,1969]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Distal articular facet of fibula, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F8148371F82C" box="[492,546,1949,1969]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">16.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF81483C1F82C" box="[592,658,1949,1969]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">15.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F8148250F82C" box="[680,771,1949,1969]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF83C8250F854" box="[133,771,1973,1993]" gridrow="25" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF83C8084F854" box="[133,471,1973,1993]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Distal articular facet of fibula,</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1A92F83C8371F854" box="[492,546,1973,1993]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">21.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F192EF83C83C1F854" box="[592,658,1973,1993]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">21.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C44BB8F19D6F83C8250F854" box="[680,771,1973,1993]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">22.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C44BB8F1BFBF8478250F87F" box="[133,771,1998,2018]" gridrow="26" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
<th id="76EB197A4C44BB8F1BFBF8478250F87F" box="[133,771,1998,2018]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">breadth</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C444445183DFA1A8417F891" blockId="53.[811,1457,1235,2028]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
The calcaneum is elongated and slightly longer than the astragalus (
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C44444518DBFA3A8550FA50" box="[933,1027,1459,1485]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="54.[813,824,1273,1290]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-307@54.[697,1266,213,763]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="TABLE 23. — Measurements (in mm) of the astragalus of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations: e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;n/a, a character could not be measured." pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Table 23</tableCitation>
vs
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4444451F58FA3A85D7FA50" box="[1062,1156,1459,1485]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="55.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="TABLE 24. — Measurements (in mm) of the calcaneum of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;n/a, a character could not be measured." pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Table 24</tableCitation>
). Among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451F8DFA3A842FFA50" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1267,1404,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, this is a character uniting
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451F6DFA5A85DAFA70" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1043,1161,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451F6DFA5A85DAFA70" box="[1043,1161,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4444451FEEFA5A8589FA70" box="[1168,1242,1491,1517]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451E69FA5A84D2FA70" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1303,1409,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451E69FA5A84D2FA70" box="[1303,1409,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451853FA7A82CEF990" box="[813,925,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451853FA7A82CEF990" box="[813,925,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The astragalus and the calcaneum are of equal length in the other extinct monachines,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451FA5F99B8401F9B1" box="[1243,1362,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451FA5F99B8401F9B1" box="[1243,1362,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451EF6F99B8227F9D1" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451EF6F99B8227F9D1" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the astragalus is longer than the calcaneum in extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C444445180BF9DB82ADF9F1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[885,1022,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. The height/length ratio of the calcaneum of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451837F9FB82ECF911" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[841,959,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4444451837F9FB82ECF911" box="[841,959,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C44444518BBF9FA855CF910" box="[965,1039,1651,1677]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is approximately
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C4444451FB5F9FB847CF911" box="[1227,1327,1650,1676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4299999999999997" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="34.3">34.3 mm</quantity>
/
<quantity id="4CF2DFA14C4444451E46F9FB84C8F910" box="[1336,1435,1650,1677]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.26" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="62.6">62.6 mm</quantity>
= 0.548 and is within range of ratios observed in other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451852F93B82E5F951" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[812,950,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C44444518BAF93A857FF951" box="[964,1068,1715,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C44444518BAF93A857FF951" box="[964,1068,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451F13F93B85B6F951" box="[1133,1253,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C4444451F88F93B846AF950" box="[1270,1337,1714,1741]" degrees="0.509" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" precision="55" value="0.509">0.509</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C4444451E47F93B84D0F950" box="[1337,1411,1714,1741]" degrees="0.548" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" precision="55" value="-0.548">-0.548</geoCoordinate>
). In extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451807F95B8556F971" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[889,1029,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, the calcanea are proportionally shorter and higher (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C44444518CEF97B82A2F890" box="[944,1009,1778,1805]" degrees="0.583" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" precision="55" value="0.583">0.583</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C444445188FF97B8569F890" box="[1009,1082,1778,1805]" degrees="0.633" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" precision="55" value="-0.633">-0.633</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4444451F2FF97B85B7F891" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[1105,1252,1778,1804]" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" pagination="20 - 161" refId="ref48718" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1981. - Les vertebres fossils de la Formation Pisco (Perou) Premiere partie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae: Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud Sacaco. Institut francais d'Etudes Andines, Memoire 6: 20 - 161." type="journal article" year="1981">Muizon 1981</bibRefCitation>
: table 8)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C444446183DF89B8333FA10" blockId="53.[811,1457,1235,2028]" lastBlockId="54.[130,776,1267,2028]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="53" pageNumber="82">
On the medial surface, for the contact with the astragalus, the proximal astragalar facet is divisible in a discorectangular medial facet for articulation with the astragalus or ectal facet and a sub-triangular dorsal facet for articulation with the fibula or fibular facet (char. 92[1]). Both facets are at an obtuse angle of approximately 120°. This angle varies among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4444451E5FF83884F9F856" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1313,1450,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, ranging from an acute angle or closed parabolic shape, such as, for instance, in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A2AFB7A80EFFA90" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[340,444,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A2AFB7A80EFFA90" box="[340,444,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to a wide obtuse angle, such, as for instance, in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A33FA9A8097FAB0" box="[333,452,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A33FA9A8097FAB0" box="[333,452,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461938FA9A8380FAB0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[582,723,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
. The angle is obtuse (
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A53FABD8065FAD0" box="[301,310,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">c</emphasis>
. 120°) in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461AE3FABA8340FAD0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[413,531,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461AE3FABA8340FAD0" box="[413,531,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4744461964FABD8336FAD3" box="[538,613,1332,1358]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but the fibular contact is also strongly reduced, in other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461901FADA8256FAF0" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[639,773,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
and in the extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A3DFAFD80F8FA10" box="[323,427,1396,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A3DFAFD80F8FA10" box="[323,427,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Mirounga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A9FFAFA830FFA10" box="[481,604,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4744461BFAFB1A83B1FB26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671240" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671240/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" startId="54.[132,143,1171,1188]" targetBox="[133,1454,215,1128]" targetPageId="54" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4744461BFAFB1A83B1FB26" blockId="54.[132,1455,1171,1211]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4744461BFAFB1A81CEFB3E" baselines="1184,1184" box="[132,157,1171,1188]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 40. — Right astragalus and calcaneum referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461929FB1A824FFB39" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[599,796,1171,1188]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461929FB1A824FFB39" box="[599,796,1171,1188]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C474446185DFB1A82C9FB39" box="[803,922,1171,1188]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN.F.PPI282):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461F40FB1A8518FB39" bold="true" box="[1086,1099,1171,1188]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">A</emphasis>
, astragalus in proximal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461E36FB1A8406FB39" bold="true" box="[1352,1365,1171,1188]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">B</emphasis>
, the same astragalus in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A1EFB23803DFB26" bold="true" box="[352,366,1194,1211]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">C</emphasis>
, calcaneum in medial view. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4744461853FB7084E2FAD3" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" startId="54.[813,824,1273,1290]" targetBox="[133,1454,215,1128]" targetPageId="54" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4744461853FB7084E2FAD3" blockId="54.[811,1457,1273,1358]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4744461853FB708209FA94" baselines="1286,1286" box="[813,858,1273,1290]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
23. — Measurements (in mm) of the astragalus of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461F91FB7084FCFA97" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1263,1455,1273,1290]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461F91FB7084FCFA97" box="[1263,1455,1273,1290]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4744461855FA9982CDFABC" box="[811,926,1296,1313]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461F63FA99857BFABC" bold="true" box="[1053,1064,1296,1313]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461853FAAE826BFAA5" bold="true" box="[813,824,1319,1336]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">&gt;</emphasis>
, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461F0AFAB485C3FAD3" bold="true" box="[1140,1168,1341,1358]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4744461F0CFA0184D6F89C" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<table id="F90A80E44C47BB8F1850FA0184CFF89C" box="[814,1436,1416,1793]" colsContinueIn="55.[133,757,362,691]" gridcols="4" gridrows="15" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850FA0184CFFA01" box="[814,1436,1416,1436]" gridrow="0" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CFA018445FA01" box="[1138,1302,1416,1436]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461F0CFA018440FA01" bold="true" box="[1138,1299,1416,1436]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">MNHN.F.PPI276</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FFA0184CFFA01" box="[1345,1436,1416,1436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461E3FFA0184CFFA01" bold="true" box="[1345,1436,1416,1436]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">MNHN.F.</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850FA2B84CFFA2B" box="[814,1436,1442,1462]" gridrow="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CFA2B8445FA2B" box="[1138,1302,1442,1462]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461FEFFA2B85A5FA2B" bold="true" box="[1169,1270,1442,1462]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">(holotype)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FFA2B84CFFA2B" box="[1345,1436,1442,1462]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461E35FA2B84C2FA2B" bold="true" box="[1355,1425,1442,1462]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">PPI282</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850FA4984CFFA49" box="[814,1436,1472,1492]" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850FA49857EFA49" box="[814,1069,1472,1492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461850FA4982C7FA49" bold="true" box="[814,916,1472,1492]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CFA4985F7FA49" box="[1138,1188,1472,1492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461F00FA4985CDFA49" bold="true" box="[1150,1182,1472,1492]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EFA498445FA49" box="[1248,1302,1472,1492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461F9EFA49845CFA49" bold="true" box="[1248,1295,1472,1492]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">right</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FFA4984CFFA49" box="[1345,1436,1472,1492]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461E29FA4984D5FA49" bold="true" box="[1367,1414,1472,1492]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850FA6D84CFFA65" box="[814,1436,1508,1528]" gridrow="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850FA6D857EFA65" box="[814,1069,1508,1528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Overall, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CFA6D85F7FA65" box="[1138,1188,1508,1528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">59.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EFA6D8445FA65" box="[1248,1302,1508,1528]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">59.9e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FFA6D84CFFA65" box="[1345,1436,1508,1528]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">63.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850FA7584CFF98D" box="[814,1436,1532,1552]" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850FA75857EF98D" box="[814,1069,1532,1552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Overall, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CFA7585F7F98D" box="[1138,1188,1532,1552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">38.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EFA758445F98D" box="[1248,1302,1532,1552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">36.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FFA7584CFF98D" box="[1345,1436,1532,1552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">41.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850F99D84CFF9B5" box="[814,1436,1556,1576]" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850F99D857EF9B5" box="[814,1069,1556,1576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Caudal process, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CF99D85F7F9B5" box="[1138,1188,1556,1576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">17.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EF99D8445F9B5" box="[1248,1302,1556,1576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">16.6e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FF99D84CFF9B5" box="[1345,1436,1556,1576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">17.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850F9A584CFF9DD" box="[814,1436,1580,1600]" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850F9A5857EF9DD" box="[814,1069,1580,1600]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Caudal process, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CF9A585F7F9DD" box="[1138,1188,1580,1600]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">15.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EF9A58445F9DD" box="[1248,1302,1580,1600]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FF9A584CFF9DD" box="[1345,1436,1580,1600]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">17.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850F9CD84CFF9C5" box="[814,1436,1604,1624]" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850F9CD857EF9C5" box="[814,1069,1604,1624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Head, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CF9CD85F7F9C5" box="[1138,1188,1604,1624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">21.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EF9CD8445F9C5" box="[1248,1302,1604,1624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">20.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FF9CD84CFF9C5" box="[1345,1436,1604,1624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">22.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850F9D584CFF9ED" box="[814,1436,1628,1648]" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850F9D5857EF9ED" box="[814,1069,1628,1648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Head, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CF9D585F7F9ED" box="[1138,1188,1628,1648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">20.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EF9D58445F9ED" box="[1248,1302,1628,1648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">20.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FF9D584CFF9ED" box="[1345,1436,1628,1648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">21.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850F9FD84CFF915" box="[814,1436,1652,1672]" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850F9FD857EF915" box="[814,1069,1652,1672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Tibio-fibular head, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CF9FD85F7F915" box="[1138,1188,1652,1672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">31.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EF9FD8445F915" box="[1248,1302,1652,1672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">32.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FF9FD84CFF915" box="[1345,1436,1652,1672]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">30.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850F90584CFF93D" box="[814,1436,1676,1696]" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850F905857EF93D" box="[814,1069,1676,1696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Tibio-fibular head, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CF90585F7F93D" box="[1138,1188,1676,1696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">27.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EF9058445F93D" box="[1248,1302,1676,1696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">28.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FF90584CFF93D" box="[1345,1436,1676,1696]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850F92D84CFF925" box="[814,1436,1700,1720]" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850F92D857EF925" box="[814,1069,1700,1720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Navicular facet, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CF92D85F7F925" box="[1138,1188,1700,1720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">28.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EF92D8445F925" box="[1248,1302,1700,1720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">26.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FF92D84CFF925" box="[1345,1436,1700,1720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">32.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850F93484CFF94C" box="[814,1436,1725,1745]" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850F934857EF94C" box="[814,1069,1725,1745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Sustentacular facet, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CF93485F7F94C" box="[1138,1188,1725,1745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EF9348445F94C" box="[1248,1302,1725,1745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">25.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FF93484CFF94C" box="[1345,1436,1725,1745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">25.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850F95C84CFF974" box="[814,1436,1749,1769]" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850F95C857EF974" box="[814,1069,1749,1769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Ectal facet, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CF95C85F7F974" box="[1138,1188,1749,1769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">20.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EF95C8445F974" box="[1248,1302,1749,1769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">21.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FF95C84CFF974" box="[1345,1436,1749,1769]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">&gt; 21.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C47BB8F1850F96484CFF89C" box="[814,1436,1773,1793]" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<th id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1850F964857EF89C" box="[814,1069,1773,1793]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Ectal facet, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F0CF96485F7F89C" box="[1138,1188,1773,1793]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">9.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1F9EF9648445F89C" box="[1248,1302,1773,1793]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">8.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C47BB8F1E3FF96484CFF89C" box="[1345,1436,1773,1793]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">9.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4744461BE5FA1A83A4F816" blockId="54.[130,776,1267,2028]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
The sustentacular facet is long and strongly concave in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461BF8FA3A81AAFA50" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[134,249,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461BF8FA3A81AAFA50" box="[134,249,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4744461B82FA3A8010FA50" box="[252,323,1459,1485]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
It is proportionally as long as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C47444619F4FA3A83ADFA50" box="[650,766,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C47444619F4FA3A83ADFA50" box="[650,766,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461BFAFA5D8194FA70" box="[132,199,1492,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461BFAFA5D8194FA70" box="[132,199,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A7EFA5A803FFA70" box="[256,364,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A7EFA5A803FFA70" box="[256,364,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and phocines and differs from the very short facet of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A6EFA7A802AF990" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[272,377,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A6EFA7A802AF990" box="[272,377,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461AF8FA7A80BAF990" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[390,489,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461AF8FA7A80BAF990" box="[390,489,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and extant monachines. It significantly widens distally and its contact with the cuboid facet is proportionally longer than in other fossil monachines (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461BBEF9DB8079F9F1" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[192,298,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461BBEF9DB8079F9F1" box="[192,298,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A49F9DB80E6F9F1" box="[311,437,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A49F9DB80E1F9F1" box="[311,434,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Homiphoca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A97F9DB8304F9F1" box="[489,599,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A97F9DB8304F9F1" box="[489,599,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Among extant lobodontins, the distal edge of the sustentacular facet is slightly shorter than the medial edge of the cuboid facet in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C47444619EBF91B81FBF951" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C47444619EBF91B81FBF951" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A4DF93B80C4F951" box="[307,407,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A4DF93B80C4F951" box="[307,407,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both edges have the same length. The distal tip of the distal astragalar facet runs dorsally on the medial surface of the bone in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461ACEF97B8377F891" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[432,548,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461ACEF97B8377F891" box="[432,548,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4744461954F97B8327F891" box="[554,628,1778,1804]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as is observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461BDFF89B804BF8B1" box="[161,280,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461BDFF89B804BF8B1" box="[161,280,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A32F89B80E9F8B1" box="[332,442,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A32F89B80E9F8B1" box="[332,442,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while it does not extend as far dorsal in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461B95F8B88007F8D6" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[235,340,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461B95F8B88007F8D6" box="[235,340,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461A1CF8B88095F8D6" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[354,454,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A1CF8B88095F8D6" box="[354,454,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4744461937F8B88380F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[585,723,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. The proximal portion of the distal astragalar facet is horizontal, resting on the blunt secondary shelf of the sustentaculum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4744461BE5F81882AEF876" blockId="54.[130,776,1267,2028]" lastBlockId="54.[813,1457,1873,2027]" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">
The sulcus for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A46F81B80AFF836" box="[312,508,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">m. peroneus longus</emphasis>
and the trochlear sulcus are well-outlined and prominent, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C474446190DF8388251F856" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[627,770,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="54" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. The sulcus for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4744461A4BF85B8358F876" box="[309,523,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="83">m. peroneus longus</emphasis>
extends distal to the cuboid facet and is proximally marked by a small laterally pointing tuberosity. The cuboid facet is semi-circular to weakly crescent shaped. The medial tuberosity of the calcaneal tuber is weakly pointed, extending further than the lateral margin.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4644471BFAFF52825BFEAD" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" startId="55.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[133,757,362,691]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="55" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4644471BFAFF52825BFEAD" blockId="55.[131,776,219,304]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4644471BFAFF5281E1FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
24. — Measurements (in mm) of the calcaneum of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471939FF528254FF71" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[583,775,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471939FF528254FF71" box="[583,775,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4644471BFDFF7B81A6FE9E" box="[131,245,242,259]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471A0AFF7B802CFE9E" bold="true" box="[372,383,242,259]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471BFAFE8081DCFE87" bold="true" box="[132,143,265,282]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">&gt;</emphasis>
, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471AB2FE9680B4FEAD" bold="true" box="[460,487,287,304]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4644471AA5FEE38381FD2E" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<table id="F90A80E44C46BB8F1BFBFEE383A6FD2E" box="[133,757,362,691]" colsContinueFrom="54.[814,1436,1416,1793]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFEE383A6FEE3" box="[133,757,362,382]" gridrow="0" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FEE3832FFEE3" box="[475,636,362,382]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471AA5FEE3832FFEE3" bold="true" box="[475,636,362,382]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">MNHN.F.PPI276</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FEE383A6FEE3" box="[665,757,362,382]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C46444719E7FEE383A6FEE3" bold="true" box="[665,757,362,382]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">MNHN.F.</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFE0D83A6FE05" box="[133,757,388,408]" gridrow="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FE0D832FFE05" box="[475,636,388,408]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471A87FE0D830DFE05" bold="true" box="[505,606,388,408]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">(holotype)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FE0D83A6FE05" box="[665,757,388,408]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C46444719DDFE0D83BAFE05" bold="true" box="[675,745,388,408]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">PPI282</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFE2B83A6FE2B" box="[133,757,418,438]" gridrow="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFE2B8094FE2B" box="[133,455,418,438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471BFBFE2B81B8FE2B" bold="true" box="[133,235,418,438]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FE2B834CFE2B" box="[475,543,418,438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471A90FE2B835DFE2B" bold="true" box="[494,526,418,438]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">left</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFE2B832FFE2B" box="[562,636,418,438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C464447193FFE2B8323FE2B" bold="true" box="[577,624,418,438]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">right</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FE2B83A6FE2B" box="[665,757,418,438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C46444719D1FE2B838DFE2B" bold="true" box="[687,734,418,438]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">right</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFE4F83A6FE47" box="[133,757,454,474]" gridrow="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFE4F8094FE47" box="[133,455,454,474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Overall, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FE4F834CFE47" box="[475,543,454,474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">62.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFE4F832FFE47" box="[562,636,454,474]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">&gt; 59.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FE4F83A6FE47" box="[665,757,454,474]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">66.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFE5783A6FE6F" box="[133,757,478,498]" gridrow="4" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFE578094FE6F" box="[133,455,478,498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Overall, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FE57834CFE6F" box="[475,543,478,498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">33.3e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFE57832FFE6F" box="[562,636,478,498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FE5783A6FE6F" box="[665,757,478,498]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFE7F83A6FD97" box="[133,757,502,522]" gridrow="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFE7F8094FD97" box="[133,455,502,522]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Overall, maximum transverse width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FE7F834CFD97" box="[475,543,502,522]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">30.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFE7F832FFD97" box="[562,636,502,522]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FE7F83A6FD97" box="[665,757,502,522]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFD8783A6FDBF" box="[133,757,526,546]" gridrow="6" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFD878094FDBF" box="[133,455,526,546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Calcaneal tuber, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FD87834CFDBF" box="[475,543,526,546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">21.9e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFD87832FFDBF" box="[562,636,526,546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">&gt; 18.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FD8783A6FDBF" box="[665,757,526,546]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">25.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFDAF83A6FDA7" box="[133,757,550,570]" gridrow="7" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFDAF8094FDA7" box="[133,455,550,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Calcaneal tuber, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FDAF834CFDA7" box="[475,543,550,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">13.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFDAF832FFDA7" box="[562,636,550,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FDAF83A6FDA7" box="[665,757,550,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">13.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFDB783A6FDCF" box="[133,757,574,594]" gridrow="8" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFDB78094FDCF" box="[133,455,574,594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Cuboid facet, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FDB7834CFDCF" box="[475,543,574,594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">20.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFDB7832FFDCF" box="[562,636,574,594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FDB783A6FDCF" box="[665,757,574,594]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">22.4e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFDDF83A6FDF7" box="[133,757,598,618]" gridrow="9" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFDDF8094FDF7" box="[133,455,598,618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Cuboid facet, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FDDF834CFDF7" box="[475,543,598,618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">15.5e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFDDF832FFDF7" box="[562,636,598,618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FDDF83A6FDF7" box="[665,757,598,618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">18.9e</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFDE783A6FD1F" box="[133,757,622,642]" gridrow="10" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFDE78094FD1F" box="[133,455,622,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Proximal astragalar facet, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FDE7834CFD1F" box="[475,543,622,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">20.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFDE7832FFD1F" box="[562,636,622,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">20.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FDE783A6FD1F" box="[665,757,622,642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">21.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFD0F83A6FD07" box="[133,757,646,666]" gridrow="11" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFD0F8094FD07" box="[133,455,646,666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Proximal astragalar facet, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FD0F834CFD07" box="[475,543,646,666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">8.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFD0F832FFD07" box="[562,636,646,666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">8.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FD0F83A6FD07" box="[665,757,646,666]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">8.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C46BB8F1BFBFD1683A6FD2E" box="[133,757,671,691]" gridrow="12" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<th id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1BFBFD168094FD2E" box="[133,455,671,691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Distal astragalar facet, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F1AA5FD16834CFD2E" box="[475,543,671,691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">26.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F194CFD16832FFD2E" box="[562,636,671,691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">26.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C46BB8F19E7FD1683A6FD2E" box="[665,757,671,691]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">–</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4644471BFAFD7C8256FB93" blockId="55.[131,776,757,1038]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471BFAFD7C805EFC92" bold="true" box="[132,269,757,783]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Other tarsals</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C4644471A64FD7C8031FC92" box="[282,354,757,783]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="56.[132,143,1010,1027]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,967]" captionTargetId="figure-506@56.[697,1270,213,779]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIG. 41. — Tarsals of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A, left cuboid in proximal view; B, the same cuboid in lateral view;C, the same cuboid in medial view;D, left ectocuneiform in lateral view; E, right ectocuneiform in lateral view;F, left ectocuneiform in medial view;G, right ectocuneiform in medial view; H, left navicular in proximal view; I, the same navicular in lateral view; J, the same navicular in medial view. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671242/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). For the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C4644471ABBFD7C8372FC92" box="[453,545,757,783]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471940FD7C81FFFCB2" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471940FD7C81FFFCB2" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4644471BCFFC9F8012FCAD" box="[177,321,790,816]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4644471A37FC9F80F4FCAD" box="[329,423,790,816]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276, left and right cuboids, naviculars and ectocuneiforms are preserved. Whereas the left cuboid and navicular are virtually complete, the plantar portions their right counterparts, are strongly abraded. Both ectocuneiforms are preserved but the medial portion of the left and the plantar portion of the right are missing. On
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C4644471BF8FC5C81B2FC72" box="[134,225,981,1007]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI282; the right navicular and cuboid are preserved, the latter being incomplete in its distolateral region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4644471BFAFBBD837AF911" blockId="55.[129,776,1076,1676]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471BFAFBBD818EFBD3" bold="true" box="[132,221,1076,1102]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Cuboid.</emphasis>
The cuboid has a prominent convex facet for articulation with the calcaneum, proximally. This facet is transversely elongate, with a smoothly indented dorsal margin. This facet is roughly equidimensional in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471ABAFB1D837DFB33" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[452,558,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471ABAFB1D837DFB33" box="[452,558,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Transition between the articular facet for the calcaneum and the navicular, medi - ally, is smooth, whereas the facets are separated by a ridge in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471BFAFB7A81BEFA90" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[132,237,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471BFAFB7A81BEFA90" box="[132,237,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further medially, is an ovoid articular facet for the ectocuneiform, dorsally contacting the articular facet for the navicular. This facet does not extend onto the lateroplantar apophysis, as observed in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471AB8FADA8318FAF0" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[454,587,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, and in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471BFCFAFA81B4FA10" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[130,231,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
. This lateroplantar apophysis is transversely elongate and is separated from the main bone by a deep groove. This groove conveys the tendon of
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471AB2FA3D83DDFA50" box="[460,654,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">m. peroneus longus</emphasis>
. The distal tip of this apophysis is smooth, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471925FA5A83B6FA70" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[603,741,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471BFBFA7A81B8F990" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[133,235,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the distal tip of the apophysis of the cuboid bears a facet for articulation with the ventral portion of the proximal epiphysis of MtV. Distally, the articular facets for MtIV and MtV are merged into one large facet. This large facet is sub-rounded but medially invaginated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4644471BFAF93B83E4F871" blockId="55.[130,775,1714,2028]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471BFAF93B807CF951" bold="true" box="[132,303,1714,1740]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Ectocuneiform.</emphasis>
In its overall dimensions, the ectocuneiform is clearly monachine: with a height/length ratio of 0.62, the ectocuneiform of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471A38F97B80EFF891" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[326,444,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471A38F97B80EFF891" box="[326,444,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4644471ABDF97B835DF891" box="[451,526,1778,1804]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is proportionally elongate, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471A53F89B80E1F8B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[301,434,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C4644471AC1F8988352F8B1" box="[447,513,1809,1836]" degrees="0.560" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" precision="55" value="0.56">0.560</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C464447197FF898831AF8B1" box="[513,585,1809,1836]" degrees="0.625" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" precision="55" value="-0.625">-0.625</geoCoordinate>
), contrasting with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471BFCF8B881B3F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[130,224,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C4644471B92F8B88078F8D6" box="[236,299,1841,1867]" degrees="0.694" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" precision="55" value="0.694">0.694</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E14834C4644471A55F8B88021F8D6" box="[299,370,1841,1867]" degrees="0.714" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" precision="55" value="-0.714">-0.714</geoCoordinate>
). In addition, the strong development of the plantar process follows the condition in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444719FFF8D88256F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[641,773,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
too, while this process is less developed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471941F8F88196F836" authority="(Muizon 1981)" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">
Phocinae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C46444719CCF8F881EFF836" author="MUIZON C. DE" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" pagination="20 - 161" refId="ref48718" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1981. - Les vertebres fossils de la Formation Pisco (Perou) Premiere partie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae: Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud Sacaco. Institut francais d'Etudes Andines, Memoire 6: 20 - 161." type="journal article" year="1981">Muizon 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. On the distal margin, the concavity observed just dorsal to the plantar process in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471ACAF838834DF856" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[436,542,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471ACAF838834DF856" box="[436,542,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C464447192BF8388390F856" box="[597,707,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C464447192BF8388390F856" box="[597,707,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not observed in the ectocuneiform of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471A8EF8588335F876" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[496,614,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471A8EF8588335F876" box="[496,614,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4644471913F85B83E4F871" box="[621,695,2002,2028]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4644471853FF5E84E3FE4D" blockId="55.[811,1457,215,464]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471853FF5E82F0FF6C" bold="true" box="[813,931,215,241]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Navicular.</emphasis>
The navicular articulates proximally with the astragalus, distally with the cuneiforms and laterally with the cuboid. In proximal view, the navicular forms a scalene right triangle with a vertical lateral margin and a horizontal plantar margin. The articular facet for the astragalus is smoothly curving, L-shaped, and slightly concave. The medial tip of the articular facet is raised proximally. The lateral articular facet is vertically elongate. The distal portion is slightly damaged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4644471853FE7E85C9FD8C" blockId="55.[813,1178,502,529]" box="[813,1178,502,529]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="D0FDC5284C4644471853FE7E85C9FD8C" box="[813,1178,502,529]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471853FE7E85C9FD8C" box="[813,1178,502,529]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
Metatarsus (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C46444718D3FE7E82ABFD8D" box="[941,1016,502,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="58.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-24@58.[604,984,682,1526]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIG. 42. — Metatarsals of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): all photographs are accompanied by a line drawing of the proximal part of the bone: A, left MtI in dorsal view; B, left MtII in dorsal view; C, left MtIII in dorsal view; D, left MtIV in dorsal view; E, left MtV in dorsal view; F, left MtI in plantar view; G, left MtII in plantar view; H, left MtIII in plantar view; I, left MtIV in plantar view; J, left MtV in plantar view; K, left MtI in lateral view; L, left MTII in lateral view; M, left MtII in medial view; N, left MtIV in lateral view; O, left MtIV in medial view; P, right partial MTII in lateral view; Q, right partial MTII in medial view; R, right partial MTII in dorsal view; S, left MtV in medial view; T, left MtV in lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671244/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4644471F7BFE7F8534FD8D" box="[1029,1127,502,528]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="57.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="TABLE 25. — Measurements (in mm) of the metatarsals of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp.holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured; —, the character doesn’t apply to a given metatarsal. All measurements taken on left specimens, except when marked with “r”." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4844491BFAFF52805EFEE9" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C4844491BFAFF52805EFEE9">Tables 25</tableCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4644471F0BFE7F85C2FD8D" box="[1141,1169,502,528]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="57.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-794@57.[813,1456,790,1299]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="TABLE 26. — Proportions of the MtI in extant and extinct Phocidae. Color code: light orange, fossil taxa with relatively long MtI; dark orange, extant taxa with relatively long MtI; light green, fossil taxa with short MtI; dark green, extant taxa with short Mt1. Abbreviations: L, length; PW, proximal width; e, estimate for a character due to minor damage. Measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA">26</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4644471853FD9F82A0FCD2" blockId="55.[810,1457,534,848]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
All left metatarsals of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C4644471F3EFD9F85CCFDAD" box="[1088,1183,534,560]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471FBCFD9F84FCFDAD" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1218,1455,534,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471FBCFD9F84FCFDAD" box="[1218,1455,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4644471853FDBE82E9FDCC" box="[813,954,567,593]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C46444718BCFDBE854CFDCC" box="[962,1055,567,593]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276, are preserved but in diverse conditions. Whereas MtI is virtually complete, MtIII largely misses its proximal epiphysis. In addition, the proximal portion of the right MtII is preserved too. Overall, the dimensions of the metatarsals of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471888FD3C853FFD52" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1014,1132,693,719]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471888FD3C853FFD52" box="[1014,1132,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4644471F0DFD3F85ECFD4D" box="[1139,1215,694,720]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
follow the conditions observed in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471887FD5C85D7FD72" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1017,1156,725,751]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, with MtI being by far the longest metatarsal, followed by MtV, then MtII, and MtIV; and MtIII being the shortest metatarsal and half the length of MtI (
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C46444718FBFCBC82B0FCCD" box="[901,995,821,848]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="57.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="TABLE 25. — Measurements (in mm) of the metatarsals of the Magophoca brevirostris n. gen.,n. sp.holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations:e, estimate for a character due to minor damage;&gt;, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value; n/a, a character could not be measured; —, the character doesn’t apply to a given metatarsal. All measurements taken on left specimens, except when marked with “r”." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4844491BFAFF52805EFEE9" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C4844491BFAFF52805EFEE9">Table 25</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4644471853FCFC843DFA50" blockId="55.[810,1458,884,2027]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471853FCFC82AEFC13" bold="true" box="[813,1021,884,911]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Metatarsal I (MtI).</emphasis>
The first metatarsal is the longest of the pes, as usual in phocids. The MtI of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471FBDFC1C84E3FC32" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1219,1456,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471FBDFC1C84E3FC32" box="[1219,1456,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4644471853FC3C82EFFC52" box="[813,956,949,975]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is long and slender, to an extant greater than in most fossil and extant phocids. As shown on
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4644471F89FC5D8401FC73" box="[1271,1362,980,1006]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="57.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-794@57.[813,1456,790,1299]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="TABLE 26. — Proportions of the MtI in extant and extinct Phocidae. Color code: light orange, fossil taxa with relatively long MtI; dark orange, extant taxa with relatively long MtI; light green, fossil taxa with short MtI; dark green, extant taxa with short Mt1. Abbreviations: L, length; PW, proximal width; e, estimate for a character due to minor damage. Measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA">Table 26</tableCitation>
below, it is proportionally much longer than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471FBFFC7D8475FB93" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[1217,1318,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471FBFFC7D8475FB93" box="[1217,1318,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471E4AFC7D84FBFB93" box="[1332,1448,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471E4AFC7D84FBFB93" box="[1332,1448,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471853FB9D82C0FBB3" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[813,915,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471853FB9D82C0FBB3" box="[813,915,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444718DEFB9D8578FBB3" box="[928,1067,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C46444718DEFB9D8578FBB3" box="[928,1067,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Neomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471F1BFB9D8595FBB3" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[1125,1222,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471F1BFB9D8595FBB3" box="[1125,1222,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is even proportionally slightly longer than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471F43FBBD85FBFBD3" box="[1085,1192,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471F43FBBD85FBFBD3" box="[1085,1192,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and than an isolated MtI from Antwerp Basin referred by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4644471F0AFBDC8419FBF3" author="VAN BENEDEN P. - J." box="[1140,1354,1108,1135]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref49914" refString="VAN BENEDEN P. - J. 1877. - Description des ossements fossiles des environs d'Anvers, premiere partie. Pinnipedes ou amphitheriens. Annales du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique 1: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1877">Van Beneden (1877)</bibRefCitation>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471E17FBDC8282FB13" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delognii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471E17FBDC8282FB13" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Monotherium delognii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a referral which is not ascertainable since this bone does not belong to the same individual as the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C4644471E46FB1D84C7FB33" box="[1336,1428,1172,1198]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of that species (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C46444718B0FB3D85F0FB53" author="DEWAELE L. &amp; LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S." box="[974,1187,1204,1230]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" pagination="171669" refId="ref47010" refString="DEWAELE L., LAMBERT O. &amp; LOUWYE S. 2018 a. - A critical revision of the fossil record, stratigraphy and diversity of the Neogene seal genus Monotherium (Carnivora, Phocidae). Royal Society Open Science 5: Article 171669. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 171669" type="journal article" year="2018">
Dewaele
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471F53FB3C850EFB53" box="[1069,1117,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
2018a
</bibRefCitation>
). Besides of having similar proportions, this metatarsal is only 7%shorter that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471E43FB5D84FEFB73" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1341,1453,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471E43FB5D84FEFB73" box="[1341,1453,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4644471853FB7D8220FA93" box="[813,883,1268,1294]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Among
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444718B7FB7A851DFA90" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[969,1102,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, the MtI of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471FBDFB7A8465FA90" box="[1219,1334,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471E3CFB7A84FBFA90" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1346,1448,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471E3CFB7A84FBFA90" box="[1346,1448,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471853FA9A82EBFAB0" box="[813,952,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471853FA9A82EBFAB0" box="[813,952,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Neomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471888FA9A8506FAB0" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[1014,1109,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471888FA9A8506FAB0" box="[1014,1109,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471E5AFA9A84FEFAB0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1316,1453,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
. Among Fossil
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444718B9FABA851CFAD0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[967,1103,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, the shortest MtI are observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471850FADA82C7FAF0" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[814,916,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471850FADA82C7FAF0" box="[814,916,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444718BEFADA8567FAF0" box="[960,1076,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C46444718BEFADA8567FAF0" box="[960,1076,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Within extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471FA8FADA8409FAF0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1238,1370,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
the MtI of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471836FAFA82FAFA10" box="[840,937,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471836FAFA82FAFA10" box="[840,937,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444718A0FAFA8536FA10" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[990,1125,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C46444718A0FAFA8536FA10" box="[990,1125,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are relatively long, but in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471E0BFAFA8200FA30" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471E0BFAFA8200FA30" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444718F5FA1A854CFA30" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[907,1055,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C46444718F5FA1A854CFA30" box="[907,1055,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
individual variation exists (
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4644471E3DFA1A84CCFA30" box="[1347,1439,1427,1453]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="57.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-794@57.[813,1456,790,1299]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="TABLE 26. — Proportions of the MtI in extant and extinct Phocidae. Color code: light orange, fossil taxa with relatively long MtI; dark orange, extant taxa with relatively long MtI; light green, fossil taxa with short MtI; dark green, extant taxa with short Mt1. Abbreviations: L, length; PW, proximal width; e, estimate for a character due to minor damage. Measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA">Table 26</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471853FA3A82DEFA50" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[813,909,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
have relatively long MtI, except in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471F84FA3A8434FA50" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1274,1383,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471F84FA3A8434FA50" box="[1274,1383,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Erignathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C464447183DFA5A8515F876" blockId="55.[810,1458,884,2027]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">
The MtI of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444718B7FA5A856CFA70" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[969,1087,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C46444718B7FA5A856CFA70" box="[969,1087,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4644471F38FA5A85C0FA70" box="[1094,1171,1491,1517]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is slightly arched laterally and only slightly flattened dorsoplantarly. The proximal facet for articulation with the entocuneiform is transversely elongated and slightly concave. Laterally, this facet transitions into the articular facet for MtII. In contrast to other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444718FEF9FB855AF911" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[896,1033,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, there is no clear ridge separating both and the transition is rather smooth, as in extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471E38F91B8205F950" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. Although this margin is smooth, lacking a clear ridge, the proximal epiphysis of the MtI of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471FC0F95B8467F971" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1214,1332,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471FC0F95B8467F971" box="[1214,1332,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4644471E45F95B84D5F971" box="[1339,1414,1746,1772]" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a distinct, proximally pointed, styloid apophysis, medioventrally, at the margin between the articular facets for the entocuneiform and the MtII. This apophysis is more prominent than in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444718B7F8D88502F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[969,1105,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
(except
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471FCDF8D88479F8F6" box="[1203,1322,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471FCDF8D88479F8F6" box="[1203,1322,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and rather comparable to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C46444718AEF8F88560F816" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[976,1075,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4644471F19F8F8858DF816" box="[1127,1246,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="55" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4644471F19F8F8858DF816" box="[1127,1246,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="84">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The articular facet for MtII is convex and semi-cylindrical around the lateral margin of the proximal epiphysis. The articular facet for MtII is dorsoplantarly elongate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4944481BFAFC7B845CFBAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671242" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671242/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" startId="56.[132,143,1010,1027]" targetBox="[132,1456,215,967]" targetPageId="56" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4944481BFAFC7B845CFBAD" blockId="56.[132,1455,1010,1072]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4944481BFAFC7B81CEFB9F" baselines="1023,1023" box="[132,157,1010,1027]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 41. — Tarsals of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481A4CFC7B80A5FB9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[306,502,1010,1027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481A4CFC7B80A5FB9E" box="[306,502,1010,1027]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4944481A84FC7B8338FB9E" box="[506,619,1010,1027]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481820FC7B8238FB9E" bold="true" box="[862,875,1010,1027]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">A</emphasis>
, left cuboid in proximal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481F21FC7B853FFB9E" bold="true" box="[1119,1132,1010,1027]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">B</emphasis>
, the same cuboid in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481E03FC7B84D8FB9E" bold="true" box="[1405,1419,1010,1027]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">C</emphasis>
, the same cuboid in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481A0EFB80802DFB87" bold="true" box="[368,382,1033,1050]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">D</emphasis>
, left ectocuneiform in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C49444819E7FB8083F6FB87" bold="true" box="[665,677,1033,1050]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">E</emphasis>
, right ectocuneiform in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C49444818B5FB808285FB87" bold="true" box="[971,982,1033,1050]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">F</emphasis>
, left ectocuneiform in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481F88FB808457FB87" bold="true" box="[1270,1284,1033,1050]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">G</emphasis>
, right ectocuneiform in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481A7BFB968040FBAD" bold="true" box="[261,275,1055,1072]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">H</emphasis>
, left navicular in proximal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481962FB968371FBAD" bold="true" box="[540,546,1055,1072]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">I</emphasis>
, the same navicular in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481837FB968200FBAD" bold="true" box="[841,851,1055,1072]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">J</emphasis>
, the same navicular in medial view. Scale bar: 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4944481BE5FBFD83A8FAB0" blockId="56.[130,777,1140,1325]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">
The distal articular facet for the corresponding phalanx is morphologically similar to that of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C494448197AFB1D8339FB33" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[516,618,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C494448197AFB1D8339FB33" box="[516,618,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C49444819E2FB1D8254FB33" box="[668,775,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C49444819E2FB1D8254FB33" box="[668,775,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481BCEFB3D805CFB53" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[176,271,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
in that it bears a prominent articular keel.Among extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481BB0FB5D8067FB73" box="[206,308,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
, such a keel and a strong convexity of the phalangeal articular facets separates
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481A97FB7A8314FA90" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[489,583,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C49444819FCFB7A8256FA90" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[642,773,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
; the latter have flatter and simpler phalangeal articular facets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4944481BFAFADA825BF8B1" blockId="56.[130,777,1363,1836]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481BFAFADA800FFAF0" bold="true" box="[132,348,1363,1389]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">Metatarsal II (MtII).</emphasis>
The proximal epiphysis of MtII articulates with MtI medially, the mesocuneiform proximally and MtIII laterally. The articular facet for MtI is reniform in medial view, and weakly concave around the vertical axis. The proximal articular facet for the mesocuneiform is strongly concave. This corresponds with the condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481A83FA7A8330F990" baseAuthorityName="Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[509,611,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, rather than in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481BFBF99B805DF9B1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[133,270,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, in which this is facet is generally less concave. The lateral facet for articulation with MtIII is a weakly concave (laterally) to convex (proximolaterally) sub-triangular facet. The diaphysis of MtII is strongly slanted medially, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481BFDF91B805EF931" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[131,269,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481A47F91B80B3F930" authority=", MtII" authorityName="MtII" box="[313,480,1682,1709]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae, MtII</taxonomicName>
is generally straighter. The distal extremity is smooth and weakly-convex, with a small plantar keel. This conforms with other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481937F95B8386F971" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[585,725,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
and contrasts with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481A5BF97B80D8F891" box="[293,395,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, in which the articular facet for the phalanx is more convex with a more developed plantar keel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4944481BFAF8DB84F7FB73" blockId="56.[131,775,1873,2028]" lastBlockId="56.[811,1457,1140,1262]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481BFAF8DB8031F8F6" bold="true" box="[132,354,1873,1900]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">Metatarsal (MtIII).</emphasis>
This metatarsal is by far the shortest metatarsal in the pes, as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481A9DF8F8831AF816" box="[483,585,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
. The state of preservation of the only preserved MtIII for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481941F81883E6F836" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[575,693,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481941F81883E6F836" box="[575,693,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C49444819C2F81B8254F831" box="[700,775,1938,1964]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
does not allow a detailed description of the specimen, except for the distal epiphysis. As for MtII, the distal epiphysis is smooth and weakly-convex, with a reduced plantar keel. This corresponds with the condition observed in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481E3DFB1D8206FB53" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, but differs from the condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481FABFB3D846FFB53" box="[1237,1340,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
. Although incomplete, the diaphysis appears circular in cross-section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4944481853FA9D8436F9F0" blockId="56.[811,1457,1299,1645]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481853FA9D8553FAB0" bold="true" box="[813,1024,1299,1326]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">Metatarsal (MtIV).</emphasis>
The articular facet for MtIII is abraded, precluding description. On the lateral margin, there is the articulation facet for MtV. This facet forms a curving but straight angle, consisting of a horizontal dorsal leg and a vertical proximal leg. Although incomplete, the vertical leg appears longer than the horizontal leg. The dimensions of this articular facet match other monachines: this facet is proximodistally longer in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C49444818EDFA7A82A9F990" box="[915,1018,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
. The diaphysis is circular in cross-section, and slightly slanted laterally relative to the proximal epiphysis. The shape of the distal epiphysis follows the general shape in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481852F9DB82E6F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[812,949,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, as presented above for MtII and MtIII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4944481853F91B85B9F876" blockId="56.[811,1457,1682,2028]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4944481853F91B82ABF931" bold="true" box="[813,1016,1682,1708]" pageId="56" pageNumber="85">Metatarsal (MtV).</emphasis>
The fith metatarsal is the second largest bone, after MtI. MtV is slightly transversely compressed. The proximal epiphysis is dorsoplantarly expanded. The proximal epiphysis is transversely as robust as in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481E61F97B84F9F891" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1311,1450,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
. It is generally more gracile in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4944481F0CF89B858AF8B1" box="[1138,1241,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="56" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
. Dorsomedially, the proximal epiphysis sports a slightly convex articular facet corresponding in shape to the angular shape of the articular facet for MtV, laterally on MtIV. Proximally and laterally, this facet transitions in a facet for the articulation with the cuboid. This facet is slightly convex, has a convex proximodorsal margin, and an undulating distaloplantar margin.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4844491BFAFF52805EFEE9" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C4844491BFAFF52805EFEE9" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4844491BFAFF52805EFEE9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" startId="57.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,764,431,950]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="57" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4844491BFAFF52805EFEE9" blockId="57.[132,777,219,372]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4844491BFAFF5281E1FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
25. — Measurements (in mm) of the metatarsals of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C484449190FFF5281E4FE9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C484449190FFF5281E4FE9E" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4844491BC5FF7B8078FE9E" box="[187,299,242,259]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rank="species">n. gen.,n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C48444919EFFF7B83CFFE9E" bold="true" box="[657,668,242,259]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491ADAFE8080FCFE87" bold="true" box="[420,431,265,282]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">&gt;</emphasis>
, the character is larger than the provided measure, on the condition that the measure is not too far off the actual value;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491BFAFEBF81F2FEDA" bold="true" box="[132,161,310,327]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">n/a</emphasis>
, a character could not be measured;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491A98FEBF80AAFEDA" bold="true" box="[486,505,310,327]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</emphasis>
, the character doesn’t apply to a given metatarsal. All measurements taken on left specimens, except when marked with “
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491B86FEEA81ACFEE9" bold="true" box="[248,255,355,372]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">r</emphasis>
”.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4844491853FF528477FEDA" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" startId="57.[813,824,219,236]" targetBox="[814,1447,385,1296]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="57" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4844491853FF528477FEDA" blockId="57.[813,1457,219,327]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4844491853FF528209FF76" baselines="232,232" box="[813,858,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
26. — Proportions of the MtI in extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491F89FF52841AFF71" box="[1271,1353,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
. Color code:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491853FF7B82C4FE9E" bold="true" box="[813,919,242,259]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">light orange</emphasis>
, fossil taxa with relatively long MtI;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491FC6FF7B8470FE9E" bold="true" box="[1208,1315,242,259]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">dark orange</emphasis>
, extant taxa with relatively long MtI;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C48444918B5FE818578FE84" bold="true" box="[971,1067,264,281]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">light green</emphasis>
, fossil taxa with short MtI;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491E71FE818423FE84" bold="true" box="[1295,1392,264,281]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">dark green</emphasis>
, extant taxa with short Mt1. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491F2DFE96850DFEAD" bold="true" box="[1107,1118,287,304]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">L</emphasis>
, length;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491FD8FE968597FEAD" bold="true" box="[1190,1220,287,304]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">PW</emphasis>
, proximal width;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491E2DFE96840DFEAD" bold="true" box="[1363,1374,287,304]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">e</emphasis>
, estimate for a character due to minor damage. Measurements in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4844491850FE0884F5FA8D" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<table id="F90A80E44C48BB8F1850FE0884F4FA8D" box="[814,1447,385,1296]" gridcols="4" gridrows="35" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FE0884F4FE08" box="[814,1447,385,405]" gridrow="0" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FE08859DFE08" box="[814,1230,385,405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FE0882C0FE08" bold="true" box="[814,915,385,405]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FE088443FE08" box="[1242,1296,385,405]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491F91FE0885AFFE08" bold="true" box="[1263,1276,385,405]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">L</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FE088432FE08" box="[1324,1377,385,405]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491E4EFE088401FE08" bold="true" box="[1328,1362,385,405]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">PW</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFE0884F4FE08" box="[1392,1447,385,405]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491E0EFE0884F4FE08" bold="true" box="[1392,1447,385,405]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">PW/L</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FE2C84F4FE24" box="[814,1447,421,441]" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FE2C859DFE24" box="[814,1230,421,441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FE2C855DFE24" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[814,1038,421,441]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FE2C855DFE24" box="[814,1038,421,441]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4844491F6AFE2C85C4FE24" box="[1044,1175,421,441]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FE2C8443FE24" box="[1242,1296,421,441]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">115</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FE2C8432FE24" box="[1324,1377,421,441]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">27.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFE2C84F4FE24" box="[1392,1447,421,441]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FE3784F4FE4F" box="[814,1447,446,466]" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FE37859DFE4F" box="[814,1230,446,466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">(MNHN.F.PPI276)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FE6B84F4FE6B" box="[814,1447,482,502]" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FE6B859DFE6B" box="[814,1230,482,502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FE6B8566FE6B" bold="true" box="[814,1077,482,502]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
Other extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C48444918C6FE6B8566FE6B" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[952,1077,482,502]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FE7384F4FD93" box="[814,1447,506,526]" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FE73859DFD93" box="[814,1230,506,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FE738557FD93" baseAuthorityName="MNHN. F. SAS" baseAuthorityYear="1654" box="[814,1028,506,526]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FE738557FD93" box="[814,1028,506,526]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Acrophoca longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN.F.SAS563)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FE738443FD93" box="[1242,1296,506,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">109.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FE738432FD93" box="[1324,1377,506,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">30.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFE7384F4FD93" box="[1392,1447,506,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.272</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FD9A84F4FDBA" box="[814,1447,531,551]" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FD9A859DFDBA" box="[814,1230,531,551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FD9A85CDFDBA" authority="(MNHN. F. SAS 1627)" baseAuthorityName="MNHN. F. SAS" baseAuthorityYear="1627" box="[814,1182,531,551]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FD9A8288FDBA" box="[814,987,531,551]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Hadrokirus martini</emphasis>
(MNHN.F.SAS1627)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FD9A8443FDBA" box="[1242,1296,531,551]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">138.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FD9A8432FDBA" box="[1324,1377,531,551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">35.4e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFD9A84F4FDBA" box="[1392,1447,531,551]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.254</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FDA284F4FDA2" box="[814,1447,555,575]" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FDA2859DFDA2" box="[814,1230,555,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FDA282A5FDA2" baseAuthorityName="Hendey &amp; Repenning" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[814,1014,555,575]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FDA282A5FDA2" box="[814,1014,555,575]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Homiphoca capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN.F.AFS23)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FDA28443FDA2" box="[1242,1296,555,575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">102.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FDA28432FDA2" box="[1324,1377,555,575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">29.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFDA284F4FDA2" box="[1392,1447,555,575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.287</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FDCA84F4FDCA" box="[814,1447,579,599]" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FDCA859DFDCA" box="[814,1230,579,599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FDCA82FEFDCA" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1876" box="[814,941,579,599]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FDCA82FEFDCA" box="[814,941,579,599]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Monotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
? sp. (IRSNB 1227)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FDCA8443FDCA" box="[1242,1296,579,599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">122.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FDCA8432FDCA" box="[1324,1377,579,599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">30.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFDCA84F4FDCA" box="[1392,1447,579,599]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.249</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FDD284F4FDF2" box="[814,1447,603,623]" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FDD2859DFDF2" box="[814,1230,603,623]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FDD282BDFDF2" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[814,1006,603,623]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FDD282BDFDF2" box="[814,1006,603,623]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Piscophoca pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN.F.SAS564)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FDD28443FDF2" box="[1242,1296,603,623]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">126.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FDD28432FDF2" box="[1324,1377,603,623]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">31.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFDD284F4FDF2" box="[1392,1447,603,623]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.251</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FDFA84F4FD1A" box="[814,1447,627,647]" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FDFA859DFD1A" box="[814,1230,627,647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FDFA828AFD1A" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[814,985,627,647]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etrusca">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FDFA828AFD1A" box="[814,985,627,647]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Pliophoca etrusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MSNUP I-13993)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FDFA8443FD1A" box="[1242,1296,627,647]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">103.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FDFA8432FD1A" box="[1324,1377,627,647]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">32.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFDFA84F4FD1A" box="[1392,1447,627,647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.31</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FD1E84F4FD36" box="[814,1447,663,683]" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FD1E859DFD36" box="[814,1230,663,683]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FD1E82B6FD36" bold="true" box="[814,997,663,683]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
Extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491805FD1E82B6FD36" box="[891,997,663,683]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FD2684F4FD5E" box="[814,1447,687,707]" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FD26859DFD5E" box="[814,1230,687,707]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FD2682A9FD5E" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1779" box="[814,1018,687,707]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FD2682A9FD5E" box="[814,1018,687,707]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Monachus monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FD4084F4FD40" box="[814,1447,713,733]" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FD40859DFD40" box="[814,1230,713,733]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">(MNHN-ZM-AC-A7953)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FD408443FD40" box="[1242,1296,713,733]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">93.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FD408432FD40" box="[1324,1377,713,733]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">31.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFD4084F4FD40" box="[1392,1447,713,733]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.335</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FD6884F4FD68" box="[814,1447,737,757]" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FD68859DFD68" box="[814,1230,737,757]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FD688547FD68" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[814,1044,737,757]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FD688547FD68" box="[814,1044,737,757]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Neomonachus tropicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BMNH.1887.8.5.1)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FD688443FD68" box="[1242,1296,737,757]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">107.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FD688432FD68" box="[1324,1377,737,757]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">34.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFD6884F4FD68" box="[1392,1447,737,757]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.32</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FC8C84F4FC84" box="[814,1447,773,793]" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FC8C859DFC84" box="[814,1230,773,793]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FC8C82BCFC84" bold="true" box="[814,1007,773,793]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C484449180BFC8C82BCFC84" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[885,1007,773,793]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FC9484F4FCAC" box="[814,1447,797,817]" gridrow="15" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FC94859DFCAC" box="[814,1230,797,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FC94828FFCAC" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[814,988,797,817]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FC94828FFCAC" box="[814,988,797,817]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Hydrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FCBE84F4FCD6" box="[814,1447,823,843]" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FCBE859DFCD6" box="[814,1230,823,843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1970-325)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FCBE8443FCD6" box="[1242,1296,823,843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">158.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FCBE8432FCD6" box="[1324,1377,823,843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">40.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFCBE84F4FCD6" box="[1392,1447,823,843]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.253</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FCC684F4FCFE" box="[814,1447,847,867]" gridrow="17" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FCC6859DFCFE" box="[814,1230,847,867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FCC6828FFCFE" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[814,988,847,867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FCC6828FFCFE" box="[814,988,847,867]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Hydrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FCE084F4FCE0" box="[814,1447,873,893]" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FCE0859DFCE0" box="[814,1230,873,893]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1884-1152)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FCE08443FCE0" box="[1242,1296,873,893]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">146.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FCE08432FCE0" box="[1324,1377,873,893]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">37.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFCE084F4FCE0" box="[1392,1447,873,893]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.258</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FC0884F4FC08" box="[814,1447,897,917]" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FC08859DFC08" box="[814,1230,897,917]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FC088547FC08" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1163" box="[814,1044,897,917]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FC088547FC08" box="[814,1044,897,917]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB 15390)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FC088443FC08" box="[1242,1296,897,917]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">128.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FC088432FC08" box="[1324,1377,897,917]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">31</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFC0884F4FC08" box="[1392,1447,897,917]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.241</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FC1084F4FC30" box="[814,1447,921,941]" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FC10859DFC30" box="[814,1230,921,941]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FC1085C8FC30" authority="(IRSNB 1163)" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1163" box="[814,1179,921,941]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FC108547FC30" box="[814,1044,921,941]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
(IRSNB 1163)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FC108443FC30" box="[1242,1296,921,941]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">116</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FC108432FC30" box="[1324,1377,921,941]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">28.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFC1084F4FC30" box="[1392,1447,921,941]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.245</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FC3884F4FC58" box="[814,1447,945,965]" gridrow="21" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FC38859DFC58" box="[814,1230,945,965]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FC388558FC58" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1161" box="[814,1035,945,965]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcinophaga">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FC388558FC58" box="[814,1035,945,965]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Lobodon carcinophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FC4284F4FC42" box="[814,1447,971,991]" gridrow="22" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FC42859DFC42" box="[814,1230,971,991]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">(MNHN-ZM-AC-A7951)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FC428443FC42" box="[1242,1296,971,991]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">128.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FC428432FC42" box="[1324,1377,971,991]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">33.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFC4284F4FC42" box="[1392,1447,971,991]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.257</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FC6A84F4FC6A" box="[814,1447,995,1015]" gridrow="23" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FC6A859DFC6A" box="[814,1230,995,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FC6A85C2FC6A" authority="(IRSNB 1161)" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1161" box="[814,1169,995,1015]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carcinophaga">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FC6A8558FC6A" box="[814,1035,995,1015]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Lobodon carcinophaga</emphasis>
(IRSNB 1161)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FC6A8443FC6A" box="[1242,1296,995,1015]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">113</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FC6A8432FC6A" box="[1324,1377,995,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">34</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFC6A84F4FC6A" box="[1392,1447,995,1015]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.300</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FC7284F4FB92" box="[814,1447,1019,1039]" gridrow="24" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FC72859DFB92" box="[814,1230,1019,1039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FC7282A0FB92" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1164" box="[814,1011,1019,1039]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FC7282A0FB92" box="[814,1011,1019,1039]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRSNB 15389)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FC728443FB92" box="[1242,1296,1019,1039]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">117</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FC728432FB92" box="[1324,1377,1019,1039]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">33</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFC7284F4FB92" box="[1392,1447,1019,1039]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.282</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FB9A84F4FBBA" box="[814,1447,1043,1063]" gridrow="25" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FB9A859DFBBA" box="[814,1230,1043,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FB9A8529FBBA" authority="(IRSNB 1164)" baseAuthorityName="IRSNB" baseAuthorityYear="1164" box="[814,1146,1043,1063]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FB9A82A0FBBA" box="[814,1011,1043,1063]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
(IRSNB 1164)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FB9A8443FBBA" box="[1242,1296,1043,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">133</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FB9A8432FBBA" box="[1324,1377,1043,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">33</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFB9A84F4FBBA" box="[1392,1447,1043,1063]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.248</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FBBE84F4FBD6" box="[814,1447,1079,1099]" gridrow="26" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FBBE859DFBD6" box="[814,1230,1079,1099]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FBBE8287FBD6" bold="true" box="[814,980,1079,1099]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C484449180BFBBE8287FBD6" box="[885,980,1079,1099]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FBD984F4FBF9" box="[814,1447,1104,1124]" gridrow="27" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FBD9859DFBF9" box="[814,1230,1104,1124]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FBD982BBFBF9" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1776" box="[814,1000,1104,1124]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Erignathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FBD982BBFBF9" box="[814,1000,1104,1124]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Erignathus barbatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-ZM-AC-A7949)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FBD98443FBF9" box="[1242,1296,1104,1124]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">107.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FBD98432FBF9" box="[1324,1377,1104,1124]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">31.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFBD984F4FBF9" box="[1392,1447,1104,1124]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.292</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FBE184F4FBE1" box="[814,1447,1128,1148]" gridrow="28" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FBE1859DFBE1" box="[814,1230,1128,1148]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FBE182B7FBE1" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[814,996,1128,1148]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Halichoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grypus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FBE182B7FBE1" box="[814,996,1128,1148]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Halichoerus grypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FB0884F4FB08" box="[814,1447,1153,1173]" gridrow="29" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FB08859DFB08" box="[814,1230,1153,1173]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1981-165)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FB088443FB08" box="[1242,1296,1153,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">90.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FB088432FB08" box="[1324,1377,1153,1173]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">23.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFB0884F4FB08" box="[1392,1447,1153,1173]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.256</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FB1384F4FB33" box="[814,1447,1178,1198]" gridrow="30" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FB13859DFB33" box="[814,1230,1178,1198]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FB1382B7FB33" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[814,996,1178,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Halichoerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grypus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FB1382B7FB33" box="[814,996,1178,1198]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Halichoerus grypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FB3A84F4FB5A" box="[814,1447,1203,1223]" gridrow="31" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FB3A859DFB5A" box="[814,1230,1203,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">(MNHN-ZM-AC-1978-48)</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FB3A8443FB5A" box="[1242,1296,1203,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">102.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FB3A8432FB5A" box="[1324,1377,1203,1223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">23.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFB3A84F4FB5A" box="[1392,1447,1203,1223]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.234</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FB4284F4FB42" box="[814,1447,1227,1247]" gridrow="32" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FB42859DFB42" box="[814,1230,1227,1247]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FB4282E1FB42" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[814,946,1227,1247]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FB4282E1FB42" box="[814,946,1227,1247]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Phoca vitulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-ZM-AC-1894-524)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FB428443FB42" box="[1242,1296,1227,1247]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">84.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FB428432FB42" box="[1324,1377,1227,1247]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">21.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFB4284F4FB42" box="[1392,1447,1227,1247]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.243</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FB6D84F4FB65" box="[814,1447,1252,1272]" gridrow="33" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FB6D859DFB65" box="[814,1230,1252,1272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FB6D82E1FB65" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[814,946,1252,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitulina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FB6D82E1FB65" box="[814,946,1252,1272]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Phoca vitulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-ZM-AC-1983-792)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FB6D8443FB65" box="[1242,1296,1252,1272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">80.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FB6D8432FB65" box="[1324,1377,1252,1272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">19.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFB6D84F4FB65" box="[1392,1447,1252,1272]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.246</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1850FB7584F4FA8D" box="[814,1447,1276,1296]" gridrow="34" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1850FB75859DFA8D" box="[814,1230,1276,1296]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FB7582F4FA8D" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[814,935,1276,1296]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491850FB7582F4FA8D" box="[814,935,1276,1296]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Pusa hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-ZM-AC-17951)
</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1FA4FB758443FA8D" box="[1242,1296,1276,1296]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">75.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E52FB758432FA8D" box="[1324,1377,1276,1296]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">18.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1E0EFB7584F4FA8D" box="[1392,1447,1276,1296]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">0.250</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4844491BF8FE2683AFFC2B" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<table id="F90A80E44C48BB8F1BF8FE2683AFFC2B" box="[134,764,431,950]" gridcols="6" gridrows="21" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FE2683AFFE5E" box="[134,764,431,451]" gridrow="0" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FE2680D1FE5E" box="[134,386,431,451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491BF8FE2681BFFE5E" bold="true" box="[134,236,431,451]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FE2683AFFE5E" box="[398,764,431,451]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491AD3FE2683B6FE5E" bold="true" box="[429,741,431,451]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MNHN.F.PPI276 (holotype, left)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FE4483AFFE7C" box="[134,764,461,481]" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FE448085FE7C" box="[398,470,461,481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491AD0FE4480E7FE7C" bold="true" box="[430,436,461,481]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">I</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FE448371FE7C" box="[486,546,461,481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491A89FE448357FE7C" bold="true" box="[503,516,461,481]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">II</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FE44833DFE7C" box="[569,622,461,481]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C484449193EFE448300FE7C" bold="true" box="[576,595,461,481]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">III</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FE4483E3FE7C" box="[646,688,461,481]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C48444919F5FE4483CCFE7C" bold="true" box="[651,671,461,481]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">IV</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FE4483AFFE7C" box="[703,764,461,481]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C48444919A5FE4483BBFE7C" bold="true" box="[731,744,461,481]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">V</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FE7983AFFD99" box="[134,764,496,516]" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FE7980D1FD99" box="[134,386,496,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Overall, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FE798085FD99" box="[398,470,496,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">114.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FE79833DFD99" box="[486,622,496,516]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">80.4e&gt; 57.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FE7983E3FD99" box="[646,688,496,516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">66.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FE7983AFFD99" box="[703,764,496,516]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">93.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FD8183AFFD81" box="[134,764,520,540]" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FD8180D1FD81" box="[134,386,520,540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Proximal epiphysis, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FD818085FD81" box="[398,470,520,540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">&gt; 22.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FD818371FD81" box="[486,546,520,540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">21.9er</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FD81833DFD81" box="[569,622,520,540]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FD8183E3FD81" box="[646,688,520,540]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">23.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FD8183AFFD81" box="[703,764,520,540]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">&gt; 31.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FDA983AFFDA9" box="[134,764,544,564]" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FDA980D1FDA9" box="[134,386,544,564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Proximal epiphysis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FDA98085FDA9" box="[398,470,544,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">27.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FDA98371FDA9" box="[486,546,544,564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">16.9r</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FDA9833DFDA9" box="[569,622,544,564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FDA983E3FDA9" box="[646,688,544,564]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FDA983AFFDA9" box="[703,764,544,564]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">17.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FDB183AFFDD1" box="[134,764,568,588]" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FDB180D1FDD1" box="[134,386,568,588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Diaphysis, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FDB18085FDD1" box="[398,470,568,588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">12.9</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FDB18371FDD1" box="[486,546,568,588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">11.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FDB1833DFDD1" box="[569,622,568,588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">11.5e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FDB183E3FDD1" box="[646,688,568,588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">11.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FDB183AFFDD1" box="[703,764,568,588]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">16.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FDD883AFFDF8" box="[134,764,593,613]" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FDD880D1FDF8" box="[134,386,593,613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Diaphysis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FDD88085FDF8" box="[398,470,593,613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">16.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FDD88371FDF8" box="[486,546,593,613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">10.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FDD8833DFDF8" box="[569,622,593,613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">11.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FDD883E3FDF8" box="[646,688,593,613]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">11.7</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FDD883AFFDF8" box="[703,764,593,613]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">13.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FDE083AFFDE0" box="[134,764,617,637]" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FDE080D1FDE0" box="[134,386,617,637]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Distal epiphysis, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FDE08085FDE0" box="[398,470,617,637]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">18.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FDE08371FDE0" box="[486,546,617,637]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">18.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FDE0833DFDE0" box="[569,622,617,637]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">n/a</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FDE083E3FDE0" box="[646,688,617,637]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">16.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FDE083AFFDE0" box="[703,764,617,637]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">20.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FD0883AFFD08" box="[134,764,641,661]" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FD0880D1FD08" box="[134,386,641,661]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Distal epiphysis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FD088085FD08" box="[398,470,641,661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">17.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FD088371FD08" box="[486,546,641,661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">14.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FD08833DFD08" box="[569,622,641,661]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">15.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FD0883E3FD08" box="[646,688,641,661]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">15.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FD0883AFFD08" box="[703,764,641,661]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">n/a</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FD1083AFFD30" box="[134,764,665,685]" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FD1080D1FD30" box="[134,386,665,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtI, navicular facet, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FD108085FD30" box="[398,470,665,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">14.9e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FD108371FD30" box="[486,546,665,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FD10833DFD30" box="[569,622,665,685]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FD1083E3FD30" box="[646,688,665,685]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FD1083AFFD30" box="[703,764,665,685]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FD3883AFFD58" box="[134,764,689,709]" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FD3880D1FD58" box="[134,386,689,709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtI, navicular facet, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FD388085FD58" box="[398,470,689,709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">17.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FD388371FD58" box="[486,546,689,709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FD38833DFD58" box="[569,622,689,709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FD3883E3FD58" box="[646,688,689,709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FD3883AFFD58" box="[703,764,689,709]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FD4083AFFD40" box="[134,764,713,733]" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FD4080D1FD40" box="[134,386,713,733]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtI, facet for MtII, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FD408085FD40" box="[398,470,713,733]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">&gt; 17.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FD408371FD40" box="[486,546,713,733]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FD40833DFD40" box="[569,622,713,733]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FD4083E3FD40" box="[646,688,713,733]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FD4083AFFD40" box="[703,764,713,733]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FD6883AFFD68" box="[134,764,737,757]" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FD6880D1FD68" box="[134,386,737,757]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtI, facet for MtII, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FD688085FD68" box="[398,470,737,757]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">9.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FD688371FD68" box="[486,546,737,757]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FD68833DFD68" box="[569,622,737,757]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FD6883E3FD68" box="[646,688,737,757]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FD6883AFFD68" box="[703,764,737,757]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FD7083AFFC90" box="[134,764,761,781]" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FD7080D1FC90" box="[134,386,761,781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtII, facet for MtI, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FD708085FC90" box="[398,470,761,781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FD708371FC90" box="[486,546,761,781]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">19.9e</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FD70833DFC90" box="[569,622,761,781]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FD7083E3FC90" box="[646,688,761,781]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FD7083AFFC90" box="[703,764,761,781]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FC9883AFFCB8" box="[134,764,785,805]" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FC9880D1FCB8" box="[134,386,785,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtII, facet for MtI, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FC988085FCB8" box="[398,470,785,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FC988371FCB8" box="[486,546,785,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">12.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FC98833DFCB8" box="[569,622,785,805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FC9883E3FCB8" box="[646,688,785,805]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FC9883AFFCB8" box="[703,764,785,805]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FCA083AFFCA0" box="[134,764,809,829]" gridrow="15" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FCA080D1FCA0" box="[134,386,809,829]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtIV, facet for MtV, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FCA08085FCA0" box="[398,470,809,829]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FCA08371FCA0" box="[486,546,809,829]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FCA0833DFCA0" box="[569,622,809,829]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FCA083E3FCA0" box="[646,688,809,829]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">19.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FCA083AFFCA0" box="[703,764,809,829]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FCC883AFFCC8" box="[134,764,833,853]" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FCC880D1FCC8" box="[134,386,833,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtIV, facet for MtV, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FCC88085FCC8" box="[398,470,833,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FCC88371FCC8" box="[486,546,833,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FCC8833DFCC8" box="[569,622,833,853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FCC883E3FCC8" box="[646,688,833,853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">18.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FCC883AFFCC8" box="[703,764,833,853]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FCD383AFFCF3" box="[134,764,858,878]" gridrow="17" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FCD380D1FCF3" box="[134,386,858,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtV, facet for MtIV, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FCD38085FCF3" box="[398,470,858,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FCD38371FCF3" box="[486,546,858,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FCD3833DFCF3" box="[569,622,858,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FCD383E3FCF3" box="[646,688,858,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FCD383AFFCF3" box="[703,764,858,878]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">17.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FCFB83AFFC1B" box="[134,764,882,902]" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FCFB80D1FC1B" box="[134,386,882,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtV, facet for MtIV, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FCFB8085FC1B" box="[398,470,882,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FCFB8371FC1B" box="[486,546,882,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FCFB833DFC1B" box="[569,622,882,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FCFB83E3FC1B" box="[646,688,882,902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FCFB83AFFC1B" box="[703,764,882,902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">15.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FC0383AFFC03" box="[134,764,906,926]" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FC0380D1FC03" box="[134,386,906,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtV, cuboid facet, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FC038085FC03" box="[398,470,906,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FC038371FC03" box="[486,546,906,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FC03833DFC03" box="[569,622,906,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FC0383E3FC03" box="[646,688,906,926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FC0383AFFC03" box="[703,764,906,926]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">20.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C48BB8F1BF8FC2B83AFFC2B" box="[134,764,930,950]" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<th id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1BF8FC2B80D1FC2B" box="[134,386,930,950]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MtV, cuboid facet, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1AF0FC2B8085FC2B" box="[398,470,930,950]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1A98FC2B8371FC2B" box="[486,546,930,950]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F1947FC2B833DFC2B" box="[569,622,930,950]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19F8FC2B83E3FC2B" box="[646,688,930,950]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">—</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C48BB8F19C1FC2B83AFFC2B" box="[703,764,930,950]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">10.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4844491BE5FC7C80F6FBF3" blockId="57.[131,777,1012,1134]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
As in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491A67FC7D80F1FB93" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[281,418,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, and in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C484449190AFC7D8389FB93" box="[628,730,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the insertion for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491A67FB9C808EFBB3" box="[281,477,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">m. peroneus brevis</emphasis>
is well-developed. Though incomplete, it appears to be proximodistally slightly elongate and slightly saddle-shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4844491BFAFB1D8362FAB3" blockId="57.[131,777,1172,1676]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491BFAFB1D8035FB33" bold="true" box="[132,358,1172,1198]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Posterior phalanges</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C4844491A07FB1D8099FB33" box="[377,458,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="59.[132,143,1296,1313]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-709@59.[131,684,213,782]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIG. 43. — Phalanges of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. (holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): A-C, proximal tarsal phalanges in dorsal view; D, medial and lateral views of phalanx A. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671246/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C68847FF4C4844491AA4FB1D836EFB33" box="[474,573,1172,1198]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="59.[814,824,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="TABLE 27. — Measurements (in mm) of the posterior phalangesof theMagophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4A444B1850FF5285B8FE9E" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" tableUuid="DF7522CC4C4A444B1850FF5285B8FE9E">Table 27</tableCitation>
). Three complete phalanges; and a proximal and distal fragment belonging to one or two phalanges of the
<typeStatus id="54B1CCE64C4844491AA5FB5D8369FB73" box="[475,570,1236,1262]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1BEA814C484449193FFB5D83CDFB73" box="[577,670,1236,1262]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.PPI276 constitute all the posterior phalangeal material that is known for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491BD4FA9A80C4FAB0" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[170,407,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491BD4FA9A80C4FAB0" box="[170,407,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4844491AE0FA9D8362FAB3" box="[414,561,1300,1326]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4844491BE5FABA804FF911" blockId="57.[131,777,1172,1676]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
The diaphysis of each phalanx is slightly dorsoventrally flattened and the shapes of the distal and proximal epiphyses are strongly simplified. The proximal articular surface is roughly reniform and only slightly concave, and the distal articular surface is saddle-shaped. This corresponds with the condition in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491AC5FA5A831AFA70" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[443,585,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, rather than with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491BFAFA7A81B8F990" box="[132,235,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, in which the articular surfaces are generally much better developed, with keeled distal articular surfaces for a higher mobility of the fore- and hindflippers. In
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C48444919E7F9BB8251F9D1" box="[665,770,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
, the diaphyses of the phalanges are also more rounded in cross-section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4844491BFAF95B80B7F971" blockId="57.[132,484,1746,1772]" box="[132,484,1746,1772]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4844491BFAF89B80EDF876" blockId="57.[131,775,1810,2028]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
In the analysis performed here, the topology of the outgroup taxa, i.e. the stem-pinnipedimorph
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491969F8BB8253F8D6" authorityName="Barnes" authorityYear="1989" box="[535,768,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pteronarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goedertae">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491969F8BB8253F8D6" box="[535,768,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Pteronarctos goedertae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491BFAF8D881BFF8F6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[132,236,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Otariidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491B80F8D880B0F8F6" box="[254,483,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Arctocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491B80F8D880B0F8F6" box="[254,483,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Arctocephalus pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491959F8DB8397F8F6" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1820" box="[551,708,1873,1900]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="byronia">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491959F8DB8397F8F6" box="[551,708,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Otaria byronia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the odobenid
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491A6BF8F8808EF816" authorityName="IRSNB" authorityYear="1150" box="[277,477,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" genus="Odobenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosmarus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491A6BF8F8808EF816" box="[277,477,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Odobenus rosmarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been constrained by the backbone constraint tree adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C484449194DF8188253F836" author="RULE J. P. &amp; ADAMS J. W. &amp; MARX F. G. &amp; EVANS A. R. &amp; TENNYSON A. J. D. &amp; SCOFIELD R. P. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G." box="[563,768,1937,1963]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" pagination="20202318" refId="ref49434" refString="RULE J. P., ADAMS J. W., MARX F. G., EVANS A. R., TENNYSON A. J. D., SCOFIELD R. P. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G. 2020 b. - First monk seal from the Southern Hemisphere rewrites the evolutionary history of true seals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 287: 20202318. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2020.2318" type="journal article" year="2020">
Rule
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491912F81B83F3F836" box="[620,672,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
(2020b)
</bibRefCitation>
, with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491BC2F8388011F856" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1880" box="[188,322,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Odobenidae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491A21F8388096F856" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[351,453,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Otariidae</taxonomicName>
forming the clade Otarioidea as a sister group to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491A2AF85880E9F876" box="[340,442,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C484449183DFADD852CF816" blockId="57.[811,1457,1363,2027]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
In these conditions, the phylogenetic analysis using PAUP*4.0a169 yields 10 most parsimonious trees with a tree length of 261 after 14373 tried rearrangements. The strict consensus tree (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C4844491F5EFA3A853CFA50" box="[1056,1135,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="61.[132,143,1385,1402]" captionTargetBox="[321,1384,215,1343]" captionTargetId="graphics-296@61.[200,585,227,1334]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIG. 44. — Phylogenetic relationships of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. among Phocidae. Strict consensus tree of ten most parsimonious tree of the phylogenetic analysis. M. brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. nests among stem-lobodontines and is closest related to Hadrokirus martini and Piscophoca pacifica, also from Peru. Extinct species are preceded by a dagger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671248/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
) shows that the topology of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491850FA5A82EBFA70" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[814,952,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
is poorly resolved, with a large polytomy at the subfamily level. Most notably, Extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491E73FA7A84DBF990" box="[1293,1416,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
are collapsed. However, interestingly, the clade composed of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491851F9BB82FAF9D1" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[815,937,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491851F9BB82FAF9D1" box="[815,937,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C48444918C4F9BB8448F9D1" box="[954,1307,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C48444918C4F9BB8569F9D1" box="[954,1082,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Homiphoca</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491F36F9BA85C1F9D1" box="[1096,1170,1587,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Kawas</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491FDEF9BB8448F9D1" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[1184,1307,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Magophoca</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4844491E5BF9BA8424F9D0" box="[1317,1399,1587,1613]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491851F9DB82F1F9F1" box="[815,930,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491851F9DB82F1F9F1" box="[815,930,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is resolved,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491F4FF9DA8524F9F1" box="[1073,1143,1619,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491F4FF9DA8524F9F1" box="[1073,1143,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being siter genus to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491E14F9DA8239F911" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491E14F9DA8239F911" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C48444918D6F9FB8571F911" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[936,1058,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C48444918D6F9FB8571F911" box="[936,1058,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4844491F57F9FA852BF910" box="[1065,1144,1651,1677]" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
sister genus to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491E51F9FB84FBF911" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[1327,1448,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4844491E51F9FB84FBF911" box="[1327,1448,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, because of the poor resolution of the strict consensus tree at higher phylogenetic levels, we performed a second analysis, downweighing homoplasy through implied weighing using the Goloboff criterion, with the k-value set at three. This resulted in one most parsimonious tree (score of best tree found = –70.75714) after 2654 tried rearrangements (
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C4844491899F8D88560F8F1" box="[999,1075,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="62.[131,142,1386,1403]" captionTargetBox="[232,1445,215,1343]" captionTargetId="graphics-374@62.[139,716,227,1334]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIG. 45. — Phylogenetic relationships of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. among Phocidae, with Goloboff k-value set at three to downweigh homoplasy. Single most parsimonious tree of the phylogenetic analysis. M. brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. nests among stem-lobodontines and is closest related to Hadrokirus martini and Piscophoca pacifica, also from Peru. Bootstrap values higher than fifty are shown. Extinct species are preceded by a dagger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671250/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). The consistency index is 0.4280, and retention index is 0.6739.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C48444B183DF81B8098F9B1" blockId="57.[811,1457,1363,2027]" lastBlockId="59.[130,777,1427,2028]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="57" pageNumber="86">
In the literature, the higher-level topology of the three crown pinniped families (
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491F43F8388594F856" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1880" box="[1085,1223,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Odobenidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491FAFF8388464F856" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[1233,1335,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Otariidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491E14F8388207F876" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
) (and the extinct family
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4844491F21F8588475F876" box="[1119,1318,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Desmatophocidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Desmatophocidae</taxonomicName>
) varies, with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1BFAFA1A8055FA30" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1880" box="[132,262,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Odobenidae</taxonomicName>
either under Otarioidea (
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1974FA1A83DEFA30" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1880" box="[522,653,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Odobenidae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B19E5FA1A8253FA30" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[667,768,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Otariidae</taxonomicName>
) or under Phocomorpha (
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1AFAFA3A8354FA50" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1880" box="[388,519,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Odobenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Odobenidae</taxonomicName>
+Phocoidea) (e.g., Berta 1994;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4A444B1BB4FA5A80E8FA70" author="DEMERE T. A. &amp; BERTA A." box="[202,443,1491,1517]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" pagination="113 - 147" refId="ref46777" refString="DEMERE T. A. &amp; BERTA A. 2002. - The Miocene pinniped Desmatophoca oregonensis Condon, 1906 (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Astoria Formation, Oregon. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 93: 113 - 147." type="journal article" year="2002">Deméré &amp; Berta 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4A444B1AB6FA5A832AFA70" author="BERTA A. &amp; CHURCHILL M. &amp; BOESSENECKER R. W." box="[456,633,1491,1517]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" pagination="203 - 228" refId="ref45980" refString="BERTA A., CHURCHILL M. &amp; BOESSENECKER R. W. 2018. - The origin and evolutionary biology of pinnipeds: Seals, sea lions, and walruses. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46: 203 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev-earth- 082517 - 010009" type="journal article" year="2018">
Berta
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1979FA5D8369FA70" box="[519,570,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). The former topology corresponds with the resulting phylogenetic tree retrieved in the current study.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4B444A1BFAF8F48541F874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671244" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671244/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="87" startId="58.[132,143,1917,1934]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1880]" targetPageId="58" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4B444A1BFAF8F48541F874" blockId="58.[132,1455,1917,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4B444A1BFAF8F481CEF813" baselines="1930,1931" box="[132,157,1917,1934]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 42. — Metatarsals of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4B444A1A27F8F4834EF813" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[345,541,1917,1934]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1A27F8F4834EF813" box="[345,541,1917,1934]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4B444A195FF8F483C0F813" box="[545,659,1917,1934]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276): all photographs are accompanied by a line drawing of the proximal part of the bone:
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1A68F81D8070F838" bold="true" box="[278,291,1940,1957]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
, left MtI in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1A94F81D80A4F838" bold="true" box="[490,503,1940,1957]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
, left MtII in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A19BAF81D8381F838" bold="true" box="[708,722,1940,1957]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
, left MtIII in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A18DAF81D82E1F838" bold="true" box="[932,946,1940,1957]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
, left MtIV in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1FFBF81D85C2F838" bold="true" box="[1157,1169,1940,1957]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
, left MtV in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1E21F81D8439F838" bold="true" box="[1375,1386,1940,1957]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
, left MtI in plantar view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1A79F8228046F821" bold="true" box="[263,277,1963,1980]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">G</emphasis>
, left MtII in plantar view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1A98F82280A7F821" bold="true" box="[486,500,1963,1980]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">H</emphasis>
, left MtIII in plantar view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A19B4F8228383F821" bold="true" box="[714,720,1963,1980]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">I</emphasis>
, left MtIV in plantar view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A18D9F82282E2F821" bold="true" box="[935,945,1963,1980]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">J</emphasis>
, left MtV in plantar view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1FFAF82285C2F821" bold="true" box="[1156,1169,1963,1980]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">K</emphasis>
, left MtI in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1E28F8228432F821" bold="true" box="[1366,1377,1963,1980]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">L</emphasis>
, left MTII in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1A7EF84B8042F84E" bold="true" box="[256,273,1986,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">M</emphasis>
, left MtII in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1AA1F84B80BEF84E" bold="true" box="[479,493,1986,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">N</emphasis>
, left MtIV in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A19C2F84B8398F84E" bold="true" box="[700,715,1986,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">O</emphasis>
, left MtIV in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A18E1F84B82F8F84E" bold="true" box="[927,939,1986,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
, right partial MTII in lateral view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1FC0F84B859EF84E" bold="true" box="[1214,1229,1986,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">Q</emphasis>
, right partial MTII in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1BCAF8518192F874" bold="true" box="[180,193,2008,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">R</emphasis>
, right partial MTII in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A1AA8F85180B1F874" bold="true" box="[470,482,2008,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
, left MtV in medial view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4B444A19CCF85183EEF874" bold="true" box="[690,701,2008,2025]" pageId="58" pageNumber="87">T</emphasis>
, left MtV in lateral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4A444B1850FF5285B8FE9E" ID-Table-UUID="DF7522CC4C4A444B1850FF5285B8FE9E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7522CC4C4A444B1850FF5285B8FE9E" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" startId="59.[814,824,219,236]" targetBox="[814,1436,317,517]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="59" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4A444B1850FF5285B8FE9E" blockId="59.[813,1455,219,259]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4A444B1850FF528209FF71" baselines="232,233" box="[814,858,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
27. — Measurements (in mm) of the posterior phalanges of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1E30FF5282DAFE9E" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1E30FF5282DAFE9E" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4A444B18F3FF7B8552FE9E" box="[909,1025,242,259]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype (MNHN.F.PPI276).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4A444B1850FEB484C3FD98" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<table id="F90A80E44C4ABB8F1850FEB484CFFD98" box="[814,1436,317,517]" gridcols="4" gridrows="8" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<tr id="353A70064C4ABB8F1850FEB484CFFECC" box="[814,1436,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<th id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1850FEB4857BFECC" box="[814,1064,317,337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1850FEB482C7FECC" bold="true" box="[814,916,317,337]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F1AFEB484CFFECC" box="[1124,1436,317,337]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1F1AFEB484CFFECC" bold="true" box="[1124,1436,317,337]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">MNHN.F.PPI276 (holotype, left)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C4ABB8F1850FEE884CFFEE8" box="[814,1436,353,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<th id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1850FEE8857BFEE8" box="[814,1064,353,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Overall, length</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F1AFEE885F6FEE8" box="[1124,1189,353,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">70.2</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F8FFEE88448FEE8" box="[1265,1307,353,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">69.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1E18FEE884CFFEE8" box="[1382,1436,353,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">63.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C4ABB8F1850FEF084CFFE10" box="[814,1436,377,397]" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<th id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1850FEF0857BFE10" box="[814,1064,377,397]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Proximal epiphysis, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F1AFEF085F6FE10" box="[1124,1189,377,397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">13.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F8FFEF08448FE10" box="[1265,1307,377,397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">13.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1E18FEF084CFFE10" box="[1382,1436,377,397]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">11.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C4ABB8F1850FE1884CFFE38" box="[814,1436,401,421]" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<th id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1850FE18857BFE38" box="[814,1064,401,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Proximal epiphysis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F1AFE1885F6FE38" box="[1124,1189,401,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">17.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F8FFE188448FE38" box="[1265,1307,401,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">18.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1E18FE1884CFFE38" box="[1382,1436,401,421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">17.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C4ABB8F1850FE2084CFFE20" box="[814,1436,425,445]" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<th id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1850FE20857BFE20" box="[814,1064,425,445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Diaphysis, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F1AFE2085F6FE20" box="[1124,1189,425,445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">6.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F8FFE208448FE20" box="[1265,1307,425,445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">6.6</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1E18FE2084CFFE20" box="[1382,1436,425,445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">6.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C4ABB8F1850FE4884CFFE48" box="[814,1436,449,469]" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<th id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1850FE48857BFE48" box="[814,1064,449,469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Diaphysis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F1AFE4885F6FE48" box="[1124,1189,449,469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">11.1</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F8FFE488448FE48" box="[1265,1307,449,469]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">11.3</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1E18FE4884CFFE48" box="[1382,1436,449,469]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">11.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C4ABB8F1850FE5084CFFE70" box="[814,1436,473,493]" gridrow="6" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<th id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1850FE50857BFE70" box="[814,1064,473,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Distal epiphysis, height</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F1AFE5085F6FE70" box="[1124,1189,473,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">9.0</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F8FFE508448FE70" box="[1265,1307,473,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">8.5</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1E18FE5084CFFE70" box="[1382,1436,473,493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">8.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A70064C4ABB8F1850FE7884CFFD98" box="[814,1436,497,517]" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<th id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1850FE78857BFD98" box="[814,1064,497,517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Distal epiphysis, width</th>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F1AFE7885F6FD98" box="[1124,1189,497,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">13.8</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1F8FFE788448FD98" box="[1265,1307,497,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">13.4</td>
<td id="76EB197A4C4ABB8F1E18FE7884CFFD98" box="[1382,1436,497,517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">13.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7522CC4C4A444B1BFAFA998341FAD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671246" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10671246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671246/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" startId="59.[132,143,1296,1313]" targetBox="[132,775,215,1254]" targetPageId="59" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4A444B1BFAFA998341FAD3" blockId="59.[132,776,1296,1358]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53E4984C4A444B1BFAFA9981CEFABD" baselines="1309,1309" box="[132,157,1296,1313]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 43. — Phalanges of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1A22FA99837BFABC" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[348,552,1296,1313]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1A22FA99837BFABC" box="[348,552,1296,1313]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Magophoca brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4A444B194EFA9983FFFABC" box="[560,684,1296,1313]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype, MNHN.F.PPI276):
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1A5FFAAE8010FAA5" bold="true" box="[289,323,1319,1336]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">A -C</emphasis>
, proximal tarsal phalanges in dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B19CBFAAE8390FAA5" bold="true" box="[693,707,1319,1336]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">D</emphasis>
, medial and lateral views of phalanx
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1A0FFAB4802DFAD3" bold="true" box="[369,382,1341,1358]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">A</emphasis>
. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4A444B1BE5F9BB8597FCB2" blockId="59.[130,777,1427,2028]" lastBlockId="59.[811,1458,598,2028]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1BB3F9BB8063F9D1" box="[205,304,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
form a monophyletic clade, supported by 24 synapomorphies, of which 12 are unambiguous (with consistency index = 1). The unambiguous synapomorphies of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1BFCF91B81B6F931" box="[130,229,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
are: the position of the posterior end of the nasals posterior to the level of the maxilla-frontal suture (char. 5 [0&gt; 1]; the absence of the alisphenoid canal (char. 10[0&gt; 1]); a mortised jugal-squamosal contact (char. 15[0&gt; 1]); the lateral extremity of the tympanic bulla reaching lateral to mid-width of the glenoid fossa (char. 22[0&gt; 1]); the pit for the stylohyal oriented ventrally and anteriorly (char. 24[0&gt; 1]); a heavily pachyosteosclerotic mastoid (char. 26[0&gt; 1]); a paroccipital that is well separated from the mastoid (char. 28[0&gt; 1]); the posterior opening of the carotid canal and posterior lacerate foramen are separated (char. 30[1&gt; 0]); the pterygoids are laterally tilted and flaring posteriorly (char. 34[0&gt; 1]); the occipital condyles diverging dorsally (char. 35[0&gt; 1]); a femur lacking a lesser trochanter (char. 83[0&gt; 1]); and a well-developed calcaneal process on the astragalus (char. 90[1&gt; 2]). Ambiguous synapomorphies are characters 4, 6, 11, 23, 36, 58, 61, 62, 66, 80, 81, and 91 (further details, see Appendices 3, 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4A444B183DFCBC8407FB33" blockId="59.[811,1458,598,2028]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
The topology of the four species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1FB7FCBC847EFCD2" box="[1225,1325,821,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
agrees with the general topologies in other morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4A444B1F01FCFC8235FC32" author="BININDA-EMONDS O. R. P. &amp; RUSSELL A. P." pageId="59" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref46362" refString="BININDA-EMONDS O. R. P. &amp; RUSSELL A. P. 1996. - A morphological perspective on the phylogenetic relationships of the extant phocid seals (Mammalia: Carnivora: Phocidae). Bonner Zoologische Monographien 41: 1 - 256. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 44795135" type="journal article" year="1996">Bininda-Emonds &amp; Russell 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4A444B180BFC1C8519FC32" author="HIGDON J. W. &amp; BININDA-EMONDS O. R. P. &amp; BECK R. M. &amp; FERGUSON S. H." box="[885,1098,917,943]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" pagination="216" refId="ref47744" refString="HIGDON J. W., BININDA-EMONDS O. R. P., BECK R. M. D &amp; FERGUSON S. H. 2007. - Phylogeny and divergence of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia) assessed using a multigene dataset. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 2 - 216" type="journal article" year="2007">
Higdon
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B18ADFC1F855AFC32" box="[979,1033,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4A444B1F24FC1C843EFC32" author="FULTON T. L. &amp; STROBECK C." box="[1114,1389,917,943]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" pagination="1065 - 1070" refId="ref47568" refString="FULTON T. L. &amp; STROBECK C. 2010. - Multiple markers and multiple individuals refine true seal phylogeny and bring molecules and morphology back in line. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277: 1065 - 1070. https: // doi / org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2009.1783" type="journal article" year="2010">Fulton &amp; Strobeck 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4A444B1E03FC1C82E7FC52" author="RULE J. P. &amp; ADAMS J. W. &amp; MARX F. G. &amp; EVANS A. R. &amp; TENNYSON A. J. D. &amp; SCOFIELD R. P. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G." pageId="59" pageNumber="88" pagination="20202318" refId="ref49434" refString="RULE J. P., ADAMS J. W., MARX F. G., EVANS A. R., TENNYSON A. J. D., SCOFIELD R. P. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G. 2020 b. - First monk seal from the Southern Hemisphere rewrites the evolutionary history of true seals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 287: 20202318. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2020.2318" type="journal article" year="2020">
Rule
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1853FC3C8231FC53" box="[813,866,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2020b
</bibRefCitation>
). The subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1F0FFC3C8586FC52" box="[1137,1237,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
is supported by 18 synapomorphies, of which three are unambiguous. These are: the major axes of the glenoid fossa are slightly convergent posteriorly (char. 20[0&gt; 1]); the posterior opening of the carotid canal is visible in dorsal view (char. 29[0&gt; 1]); a sacrum composed of four fused sacral vertebrae (char. 56[1&gt; 2]). Ambiguous synapomorphies are characters 16, 23, 25, 55, 61, 65, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73, 75, 79, 82, and 84.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4A444B183DFB3D85A8F9B0" blockId="59.[811,1458,598,2028]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
This phylogenetic analysis focuses on extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1850FB5D82EAFB73" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[814,953,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, and especially the phylogenetic relationships of extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B18DCFB7A8578FA90" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[930,1067,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
among extant taxa. The subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1851FA9A82E6FAB0" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[815,949,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
is supported by 23 synapomorphies, of which five unambiguous: a reduced scapular spine (char. 59[0&gt; 1]); a flattened distal end of the styloid process of the ulna (char. 71[0&gt; 1]); an anterolaterally-oriented fossa for
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1E4BFAFD823DFA30" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">m. peroneus longus</emphasis>
on the femur (char. 86[0&gt; 1]); a strongly developed anterior tibial fossa (char. 89[0&gt; 1]); and MtIII approximately 50% (or more) shorter than MtI (char. 93[0&gt; 1]). Ambiguous synapomorphies are characters 1, 2, 3, 12, 14, 37, 39, 49, 53, 57, 60, 63, 64, 77, 78, 85, and 91.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4A444B183DF9BB84F7F971" blockId="59.[811,1458,598,2028]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
The topology of the phylogenetic relationships of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1E38F9BB8201F9F0" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
confirm the well-established separation of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1E6EF9DB84C6F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1296,1429,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
in three tribes:
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B18D4F9FB8560F911" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[938,1075,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
, Miroungini, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1F91F9FB8434F911" box="[1263,1383,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
. In the present study, as constrained by the constraint tree,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1E47F91B84FDF931" box="[1337,1454,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
are the first to branch off, with Miroungini, represented by
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1853F95A82BBF971" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[813,1000,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leonina">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1853F95A82BBF971" box="[813,1000,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Mirounga leonina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forming a sister clade with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1E6DF95B84F3F971" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1299,1440,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4A444C183DF97B8004FD0D" blockId="59.[811,1458,598,2028]" lastBlockId="60.[130,778,215,1262]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B183DF97B8295F891" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Marx, Evans, Tennyson, Scofield &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[835,966,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Eomonachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B183DF97B8295F891" box="[835,966,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Eomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1F7FF97B8534F891" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" box="[1025,1127,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1F7FF97B8534F891" box="[1025,1127,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Pliophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are confirmed as
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1E51F97B84F8F891" box="[1327,1451,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Monachini">Monachini</taxonomicName>
, together with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B18B1F89B8568F8B1" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[975,1083,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B18B1F89B8568F8B1" box="[975,1083,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Monachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1F0BF89B845BF8B1" box="[1141,1288,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1F0BF89B845BF8B1" box="[1141,1288,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Neomonachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4A444B1E65F89B84F4F8B1" author="TAVANI G." box="[1307,1447,1810,1836]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref49769" refString="TAVANI G. 1941. - Revisione dei resti del pinnipede conservato nel museo di geologia di Pisa. Palaeontographica Italica 40: 97 - 112." type="journal article" year="1941">Tavani 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4A444B1853F8BB82B0F8D1" author="BERTA A. &amp; KIENLE S. &amp; BIANUCCI G. &amp; SORBI S." box="[813,995,1841,1868]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" pagination="889144" refId="ref46038" refString="BERTA A., KIENLE S., BIANUCCI G. &amp; SORBI S. 2015. - A reevaluation of Pliophoca etrusca (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Pliocene of Italy: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35: e 889144. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2014.889144" type="journal article" year="2015">
Berta
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1810F8BB82F7F8D6" box="[878,932,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4A444B188DF8BB85F9F8D1" author="BERTA A. &amp; CHURCHILL M. &amp; BOESSENECKER R. W." box="[1011,1194,1841,1868]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" pagination="203 - 228" refId="ref45980" refString="BERTA A., CHURCHILL M. &amp; BOESSENECKER R. W. 2018. - The origin and evolutionary biology of pinnipeds: Seals, sea lions, and walruses. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46: 203 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev-earth- 082517 - 010009" type="journal article" year="2018">
Berta
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1F4BF8BB8539F8D6" box="[1077,1130,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4A444B1FC4F8B8842AF8D6" author="RULE J. P. &amp; ADAMS J. W. &amp; MARX F. G. &amp; EVANS A. R. &amp; TENNYSON A. J. D. &amp; SCOFIELD R. P. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G." box="[1210,1401,1841,1867]" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" pagination="20202318" refId="ref49434" refString="RULE J. P., ADAMS J. W., MARX F. G., EVANS A. R., TENNYSON A. J. D., SCOFIELD R. P. &amp; FITZGERALD E. M. G. 2020 b. - First monk seal from the Southern Hemisphere rewrites the evolutionary history of true seals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 287: 20202318. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2020.2318" type="journal article" year="2020">
Rule
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1F8AF8BB847AF8D6" box="[1268,1321,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2020b
</bibRefCitation>
). All four extant
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B18D5F8D88567F8F6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[939,1076,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1F3CF8D885F4F8F6" box="[1090,1191,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1F3CF8D885F4F8F6" box="[1090,1191,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Hydrurga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1FCAF8D88413F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Pierard" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1204,1344,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1FCAF8D88413F8F6" box="[1204,1344,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Leptonychotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1E30F8D884FBF8F6" box="[1358,1448,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Lobodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1E30F8D884FBF8F6" box="[1358,1448,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Lobodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1820F8F882A4F816" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[862,1015,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4A444B1820F8F882A4F816" box="[862,1015,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="88">Ommatophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) group together as crown
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1E60F8F884FFF816" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1310,1452,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
. All extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B18D4F8188567F836" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[938,1076,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
included in this study fall outside the crown group. Extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4A444B1FC2F8388416F856" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[1212,1349,1969,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
form two sister monophyletic sister clades. This is a strong indicator that a detailed phylogenetic analysis of extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1BF8FF7E805DFE8C" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[134,270,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1A3BFF7E809EFE8C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[325,461,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
in particular, is much needed. However, this is beyond the scope of the current study. The clade composed of extant and extinct
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C197FFEBE83D6FECC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[513,645,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
is supported by seven synapomorphies, of which three are unambiguous. These are: a parasagittal orientation of the medial margins of the tympanic bullae (char. 21[0&gt; 1]); the presence of a lip in the anteromedial region of the mastoid, abutting the posteromedial edge of the tympanic bulla (char. 27[0&gt; 1]); and a well-developed articular surface for the fibula on the calcaneum (char. 92[0&gt; 1]). Ambiguous synapomorphies are characters 52, 60, 80, and 84. Crown lobodontins are supported by five synapomorphies, all ambiguous (characters 11, 57, 69, 74, 80).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4D444C1BE5FD1F80B7FBD2" blockId="60.[130,778,215,1262]" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">
The first of the extinct lineage of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1974FD1F83C6FD2D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[522,661,662,688]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
to branch off, is
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1BBAFD3C8064FD52" authorityName="Rule, Adams, Rovinsky, Hocking, Evans &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2020" box="[196,311,693,719]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Sarcodectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1BBAFD3C8064FD52" box="[196,311,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Sarcodectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the western North Atlantic, followed by
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1BDBFD5C8043FD72" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1981" box="[165,272,725,751]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Acrophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1BDBFD5C8043FD72" box="[165,272,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Acrophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the southeast Pacific. The remaining five extinct lobodontins, the clade composed of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C193CFD7C83E6FC92" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[578,693,757,783]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C193CFD7C83E6FC92" box="[578,693,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C19BDFD7F8193FCB2" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C19BDFD7F8193FCB2" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1BB0FC9F8040FCB2" box="[206,275,790,815]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1BB0FC9F8040FCB2" box="[206,275,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1A5FFC9C80CBFCB2" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[289,408,789,815]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1A5FFC9C80CBFCB2" box="[289,408,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4D444C1ADEFC9F80BEFCAD" box="[416,493,790,816]" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1956FC9C83CBFCB2" box="[552,664,789,815]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1956FC9C83CBFCB2" box="[552,664,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, branches in two groups, interestingly along paleobiogeographic lines: the South Atlantic taxa
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1AF8FCDC80ACFCF2" box="[390,511,853,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1AF8FCDC80ACFCF2" box="[390,511,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C194BFCDF8329FCF2" box="[565,634,854,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C194BFCDF8329FCF2" box="[565,634,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are retrieved as sister species, which is coherent as far as biogeography is concerned and gives credit to the hypothesis of
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0FB54C4D444C19CCFC1C819CFC52" author="HENDEY Q. B." pageId="60" pageNumber="89" pagination="99 - 113" refId="ref47699" refString="HENDEY Q. B. 1972. - The evolution and dispersal of the Monachinae (Mammalia: Pinnipedia). Annals of the South African Museum 59: 99 - 113. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40938908" type="journal article" year="1972">Hendey (1972)</bibRefCitation>
to place the geographic origin of the south African monachine
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1A75FC5D80DBFC73" box="[267,392,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1A75FC5D80DBFC73" box="[267,392,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the eastern seaboard of South America. The Southeastern Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1977FC7D832CFB93" authorityName="Amson &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2014" box="[521,639,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hadrokirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1977FC7D832CFB93" box="[521,639,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Hadrokirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C19EEFC7D8254FB93" authority="Dewaele &amp; Muizon, 2024" authorityName="Dewaele &amp; Muizon" authorityYear="2024" box="[656,775,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Magophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C19EEFC7D8254FB93" box="[656,775,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Magophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D132D4C4D444C1BFAFB9C8182FBB2" box="[132,209,1045,1071]" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1A74FB9D8029FBB3" box="[266,378,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1A74FB9D8029FBB3" box="[266,378,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Piscophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a sister clade to the clade composed of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1B96FBBD8032FBD3" box="[232,353,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1B96FBBD8032FBD3" box="[232,353,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Homiphoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1AE6FBBC808EFBD3" box="[408,477,1077,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Kawas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAE564C4D444C1AE6FBBC808EFBD3" box="[408,477,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Kawas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB572444C4D444C1BE5FBDC8255FB73" blockId="60.[130,778,215,1262]" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">
Bootstrap values (&lt;50%) for the tree are shown in
<figureCitation id="13316EC14C4D444C19CDFBDD83ADFBF2" box="[691,766,1108,1135]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="62.[131,142,1386,1403]" captionTargetBox="[232,1445,215,1343]" captionTargetId="graphics-374@62.[139,716,227,1334]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIG. 45. — Phylogenetic relationships of Magophoca brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. among Phocidae, with Goloboff k-value set at three to downweigh homoplasy. Single most parsimonious tree of the phylogenetic analysis. M. brevirostris n. gen., n. sp. nests among stem-lobodontines and is closest related to Hadrokirus martini and Piscophoca pacifica, also from Peru. Bootstrap values higher than fifty are shown. Extinct species are preceded by a dagger." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10671250/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="89">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
. Whereas there is absolute support for the phocid monophyly and moderate to high support for the phylogenetic relationships of phocines included in this study, bootstrap support for the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A09C74C4D444C1BD4FB5D8063FB73" baseAuthorityName="Berta &amp; Wyss" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[170,304,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="60" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
is low, yet at 53% above the 50% threshold.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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