treatments-xml/data/03/81/10/0381104DFFD6B942EAF0F94EF7B8FF56.xml

<document id="66EC770DAFDF766FE03B511446329F20" ID-CLB-Dataset="291187" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5424.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27034233-3add-4d32-8128-33e9f7d21630" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10821361" ID-ZooBank="524CF65D-F877-42E1-B983-EDC7D3ED1623" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1710500736614" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gordon, Dennis P., Randolph Quek, Z. B. &amp; Huang, Danwei" docDate="2024" docId="0381104DFFD6B942EAF0F94EF7B8FF56" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5424.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5424 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5424.3.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhabdopleura decipula Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang 2024, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="345" masterDocId="FFB86835FFC5B955EA67FFECF562FF83" masterDocTitle="Four new species and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from New Zealand, with a review and key to all described extant taxa" masterLastPageNumber="357" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="342" updateTime="1710848539165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="D38352F407C8C28F00F9901662BAD202" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="549D1C77A51ADEDC2810835E4A1034F1">
<mods:title id="A44D5BC9488F4582B6FC2E1774ABFCC1">Four new species and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from New Zealand, with a review and key to all described extant taxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6615F0A954EDE97D0A41534FEE7573A9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C852414833BC0CA60DC200C0DBC7F6EF">
<mods:roleTerm id="8F5C6438E1426B180C7E9197D3F1C2FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E0F8DAC77A074B6ABB902047141E14AB">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E40CC5DB6C03D5E0A184A82ACED9C98B">National Institute of Water &amp; Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="14C5F6A3340E7DEF4B4DC2B546F36628" type="personal">
<mods:role id="41A55B8F5E4E9AA1D874BF93D6968E71">
<mods:roleTerm id="82271172D69D83C84854D1ED7DB689D0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1BF2CFC77434AB079A68309A1535619E">Randolph Quek, Z. B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="37C27E69121D3111440F5229CE6685F8" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7998-7052</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7B80824C741C68C1B64AE0D538D4AA29">National Institute of Water &amp; Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand &amp; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1B40B5F6AE2E92D6AE4C9DEAA257B723" type="email">randolphquek@u.nus.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B70B11D0C2C6DE78D3F12F32480047C6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="67ACBF8EB25A63DAB960BC5978581FE4">
<mods:roleTerm id="B0FAB33A44F95F96A783557879ED744C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AC45EBB16CF36EA1C3085722C344A749">Huang, Danwei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A1DB2B9B3FCDEBE3FE1963B4D3945250">National Institute of Water &amp; Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand &amp; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore &amp; National Institute of Water &amp; Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand &amp; Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Singapore &amp; National Institute of Water &amp; Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand &amp; Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore &amp; National Institute of Water &amp; Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="74DF531F2911D9DEFB0D14B9C5F012E1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B8DC81E728A2F3F57CA73AA08AB995CD" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="04C4D041A4B99C2940B55C218D83C956">
<mods:title id="1B57BD5395AF5B752A2729FF6FCEF3EF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CD1A67CA982594106FE9C7186B2CAA92">
<mods:date id="0C564570C045D63B1E0E17E3DFC346DF">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="87CC5589DF2C0178972FC7C68E418A87" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="451BB8F749A5FD36EBFC55F7FEB192B5">2024-03-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1FF7326E15D75D58CF5E46D09FC01B7C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C7B750483387B830A5B789AF3C6E5871">5424</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D0DDE8C2B912CCBFAE163EED803254FA" type="issue">
<mods:number id="B49520A13D3ED9618C684C726406E40D">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="24586B9C1C85AC348C039AEA88F6A445" unit="page">
<mods:start id="EC1BD504168207D9CA1868B9B71482A6">323</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B9D8667DC692F06B17DBDB1BF1F0736C">357</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="853EB1D318E055BDCC79D91DD601CDB3">
<mods:url id="FEDC5A2A036F594AEF29474E3C95D3ED">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5424.3.3</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="6222F82378C91F5819EEEE62762A7854">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="41F6DBB4C071B44435D6B225C56459ED" type="CLB-Dataset">291187</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6BC5FDBF1F4A0FFCB9D3416A26E34BB3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5424.3.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C950EAB70072AB09657312EADCBD7505" type="GBIF-Dataset">27034233-3add-4d32-8128-33e9f7d21630</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3D9C8EDD9D6769C289135627A6643F79" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D5B693CF7A5BDB86CD557AD90821D39F" type="Zenodo-Dep">10821361</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4A486E90EA17ED0F13FA14798798DB5C" type="ZooBank">524CF65D-F877-42E1-B983-EDC7D3ED1623</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0381104DFFD6B942EAF0F94EF7B8FF56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10838143" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10838143" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381104DFFD6B942EAF0F94EF7B8FF56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381104DFFD6B942EAF0F94EF7B8FF56" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFD6B946EAF0F94EF49EF93E" box="[151,508,1698,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD6B946EAF0F94EF49EF93E" blockId="19.[151,508,1698,1761]" box="[151,508,1698,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<heading id="D0DF1637FFD6B946EAF0F94EF49EF93E" bold="true" box="[151,508,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD6B946EAF0F94EF49EF93E" bold="true" box="[151,508,1698,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD6B946EAF0F94EF4D0F93E" authority="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang, 2024" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,434,1698,1725]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="decipula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD6B946EAF0F94EF4D0F93E" bold="true" box="[151,434,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">Rhabdopleura decipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FC032FFD6B946EBDEF94FF49EF93E" box="[441,508,1699,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFD6B946EAF0F92BF48CF962" box="[151,494,1735,1761]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD6B946EAF0F92BF48CF962" blockId="19.[151,508,1698,1761]" box="[151,494,1735,1761]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
(
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD6B946EAF8F92BF45BF962" box="[159,313,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1335,1359]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,181,1311]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[193,1394,181,1311]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Interpretative images illustrating morphological terms and measured characters. A, part of creeping tube (ct) of an unidentified Rhabdopleura (NIWA 158518) from Kermadec Ridge, with flat lateral margin (flm), faint oblique fusellar sutures and two ringed erect tubes (et) produced directly from the frontal surface of a creeping tube. B, distal end of an erect tube of Rhabdopleura francesca n. sp. (NIWA 158157), showing a vertical series of ring-like fuselli (f), the rim of each comprising a curled fusellar collar (fc). Tube diameter (td) is measured between fusellar collars; fusellus height (fh) is the distance between the bases of a pair of fusellar collars. C, transmitted-light image of part of a principal (‘creeping’) tube of R. emancipata n. sp. (NIWA 161211) showing a young zooid with contracted arm tentacles (at), stomach (st), rectum (r) and cephalic shield (cs), part of which is concealed by the reddish-brown stolon (black stolon or pectocaulus). D, aperture of an erect tube of R. francesca n. sp.; note the smooth-surfaced interior devoid of vertical fusellar fibrils. E, part of a creeping tube of an unidentified Rhabdopleura (NIWA 90267) from Cavalli Seamount with frontal fusellar sutures (fs, two arrowed). The white lines show the zigzag (zz) portion of the sutures (note the proximalwards shift to the left), with zigzags rendered as straight lines between points of intersection, regardless of suture curvature, to obtain measured angles (one example shown). F, close-up of part of R. francesca n. sp. (NIWA 158157) showing chains of dark ‘dormant buds’ (db) lying upon short stretches of the black stolon (bs); walls of enveloping creeping tubes almost invisible in image." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821365/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">Figs 2B, D, F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD6B946EB23F92BF4E5F962" box="[324,391,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,248,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[284,1303,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-28@20.[271,1316,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhabdopleura francesca n. sp.: A, section of creeping tube of holotype with a broken erect tube; note the small erect-tube diameter relative to the width of the creeping tube. Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp.: B, holotype NIWA 162592 (left) and paratype 1 (NIWA 161212) colonies on broken shells; C, reflected-light image of part of a paratype 2 colony (NIWA 161213) seen in transparency on smooth shell, showing a loop of one creeping-tube branch curving back on itself, with a narrow crossconnection (cc) of the pectocaulus; erect tubes and zooids (z) and a dormant body (db) also seen. D, SEM image of same colony at lower magnification, with branch loop in C at top right. E, another part of same colony seen in transparency, showing a zooid inside a creeping tube to the left (distal) of a dark dormant body. Scale bars: A, 500 μm; B, 10 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 2 mm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821383/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">9B‒E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD6B946EBF5F92BF484F962" box="[402,486,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[275,1312,181,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[262,1325,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp., A, C, D, holotype 162592; B, E, paratype 3 NIWA 162591; F, paratype 4 NIWA 158517; G‒K, paratype 2 NIWA 161213. A, broken-tipped erect tube. B, distal end of young erect tube. C, D, subdistal and middle parts of same fully formed erect tube. E, F, parts of creeping tubes with some point-to-point suture zigzags highlighted. G, a prosicula (ps) and metasicula (ms); H‒K, reflected-light (H, I) and SEM (J, K) images of new colonies, with numbers indicating the inferred budding sequence (subsequent development seems to vary) of creeping tubes; the metasicula produces one or two metasiculae while one side of the prosicula is internally partitioned off to produce both a backwards-directed tube and an opposing creeping tube. Black stolons occur in H and a zooid in I. Scale bars: A, E‒H, 200 μm; B, 100 μm; C, D, K, 50 μm; I, J, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821387/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">10A‒K</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFD6B946EAF0F8E2F033F816" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD6B946EAF0F8E2F033F816" blockId="19.[151,1437,1806,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD6B946EAF0F8E2F4E2F8AB" bold="true" box="[151,384,1806,1832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B40AB06FFD6B946EBE1F8E3F4B1F8CE" collectingDate="2016-10-14" collectionCode="NIWA" collectorName="Stn Z &amp; Stewart-Snares" elevation="167" latitude="-47.823" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.768" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" specimenCode="NIWA 162592" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD6B946EBE1F8E3F497F8AA" box="[390,501,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<typeStatus id="54931FF9FFD6B946EBE1F8E3F492F8AA" box="[390,496,1807,1833]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB8E0920FFD6B946EB9BF8E3F7C3F8AA" box="[508,673,1806,1833]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 162592</specimenCode>
, 
<collectorName id="26DDC48DFFD6B946E8CCF8E3F78AF8AA" box="[683,744,1807,1833]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">Stn Z</collectorName>
19247, 
<collectorName id="26DDC48DFFD6B946E95DF8E3F686F8AA" box="[826,996,1807,1833]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">Stewart-Snares</collectorName>
shelf, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CC79CFFD6B946EE49F8E3F1C9F8AA" box="[1070,1195,1807,1833]" degrees="47.8230" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" precision="5" value="-47.823">47.8230° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CC79CFFD6B946EED0F8E3F026F8AA" box="[1207,1348,1807,1833]" degrees="166.7680" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" precision="5" value="166.768">166.7680° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFD6B946EF28F8E3F0F5F8AA" box="[1359,1431,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="167.0">
<elevation id="00054668FFD6B946EF28F8E3F0F5F8AA" box="[1359,1431,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="167.0">167 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF96879BFFD6B946EAF0F8DFF434F8CE" box="[151,342,1843,1869]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" value="2016-10-14">
<collectingDate id="EFD27E73FFD6B946EAF0F8DFF434F8CE" box="[151,342,1843,1869]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" value="2016-10-14">14 October 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, in ethanol
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B40AB06FFD6B946EBBAF8DFF102F8CE" box="[477,1120,1843,1869]" collectingDate="2016-10-14" collectionCode="NIWA" collectorName="Stn Z &amp; Stewart-Snares" elevation="167" latitude="-47.823" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.768" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" specimenCode="NIWA 161212" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD6B946EBBAF8DFF7EAF8CE" box="[477,648,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<typeStatus id="54931FF9FFD6B946EBBAF8DFF72DF8CF" box="[477,591,1843,1868]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
1‒2:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB8E0920FFD6B946E8E8F8DFF656F8CE" box="[655,820,1843,1869]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 161212</specimenCode>
, same data as for holotype
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B40AB06FFD6B946EE0EF8DFF464F8F2" collectionCode="TRIP" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" specimenCode="NIWA 158517" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD6B946EE0EF8DFF187F8CE" box="[1129,1253,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<typeStatus id="54931FF9FFD6B946EE0EF8DFF1B2F8CF" box="[1129,1232,1843,1868]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
3
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCode id="DB8E0920FFD6B946EE94F8DFF0FAF8CE" box="[1267,1432,1842,1869]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 158517</specimenCode>
, Stn 
<collectionCode id="ED39399EFFD6B946EAA0F8BAF464F8F2" box="[199,262,1878,1905]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">TRIP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B40AB06FFD6B946EB62F8BAF1B9F8F2" box="[261,1243,1878,1905]" collectingDate="2008-02-16" collectionCode="TRIP" elevation="190" latitude="-48.685" location="southern Snares" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.41" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
2577/45, 
<location id="8EF7F780FFD6B946EB16F8BBF745F8F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381104DFFD6B942EAF0F94EF7B8FF56:8EF7F780FFD6B946EB16F8BBF745F8F2" box="[369,551,1879,1905]" latitude="-48.685" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.41" name="southern Snares" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">southern Snares</location>
shelf, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CC79CFFD6B946E81EF8BAF799F8F2" box="[633,763,1878,1905]" degrees="48.6850" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" precision="5" value="-48.685">48.6850° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CC79CFFD6B946E96CF8BBF6FFF8F2" box="[779,925,1879,1905]" degrees="166.4100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" precision="5" value="166.41">166.4100° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFD6B946E9CBF8BBF69BF8F2" box="[940,1017,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="190.0">
<elevation id="00054668FFD6B946E9CBF8BBF69BF8F2" box="[940,1017,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF96879BFFD6B946EE6FF8BBF1B9F8F2" box="[1032,1243,1879,1905]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" value="2008-02-16">
<collectingDate id="EFD27E73FFD6B946EE6FF8BBF1B9F8F2" box="[1032,1243,1879,1905]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" value="2008-02-16">16 February 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD6B946EE8FF8BBF0FEF8F2" box="[1256,1436,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">Other material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B40AB06FFD6B946EAF0F897F02FF816" box="[151,1357,1914,1941]" collectingDate="2016-10-14" collectionCode="NIWA" collectorName="Stn Z &amp; Stewart-Snares" elevation="163" latitude="-47.591" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="166.717" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" specimenCode="NIWA 162591" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB8E0920FFD6B946EAF0F897F458F816" box="[151,314,1914,1941]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 162591</specimenCode>
(part), 
<collectorName id="26DDC48DFFD6B946EBEAF897F4A9F816" box="[397,459,1915,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">Stn Z</collectorName>
19246, 
<collectorName id="26DDC48DFFD6B946E879F897F7AAF816" box="[542,712,1915,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">Stewart-Snares</collectorName>
shelf, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CC79CFFD6B946E974F896F6F0F816" box="[787,914,1914,1941]" degrees="47.5910" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" precision="5" value="-47.591">47.5910° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1CC79CFFD6B946E9F9F897F14EF816" box="[926,1068,1915,1941]" degrees="166.7170" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" precision="5" value="166.717">166.7170° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFD6B946EE5FF897F1E3F816" box="[1080,1153,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="163.0">
<elevation id="00054668FFD6B946EE5FF897F1E3F816" box="[1080,1153,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="163.0">163 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FF96879BFFD6B946EEEAF897F02FF816" box="[1165,1357,1915,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" value="2016-10-14">
<collectingDate id="EFD27E73FFD6B946EEEAF897F02FF816" box="[1165,1357,1915,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" value="2016-10-14">14 October 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFD6B946EAA0F873F7E5F85E" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD6B946EAA0F873F7E5F85E" blockId="19.[151,1437,1806,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD6B946EAA0F873F42CF83A" bold="true" box="[199,334,1951,1977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">Etymology.</emphasis>
Latin 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD6B946EBF8F873F49DF83A" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[415,511,1951,1977]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="19" pageNumber="342" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="decipula">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD6B946EBF8F873F49DF83A" box="[415,511,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">decipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, trap, snare, alluding to the provenance of the species northeast of The Snares Islands, Stewart-Snares shelf, 
<collectingCountry id="F33FE1CBFFD6B946EB8EF82FF7E1F85E" box="[489,643,1987,2013]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="342">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF57F1D3FFD1B941EAF0F91CF008F862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821383" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10821383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821383/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" startId="20.[151,248,1776,1800]" targetBox="[284,1303,181,1732]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD1B941EAF0F91CF008F862" blockId="20.[151,1436,1776,2017]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD1B941EAF0F91CF471F88B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1776,1800]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD1B941EB7BF91CF776F88B" authority="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang, 2024" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[284,532,1776,1800]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="francesca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD1B941EB7BF91CF776F88B" box="[284,532,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">Rhabdopleura francesca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD1B941E87BF91CF735F88B" bold="true" box="[540,599,1776,1800]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FC032FFD1B941E87BF91CF735F88B" box="[540,599,1776,1800]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD1B941E801F91CF71CF88B" bold="true" box="[614,638,1776,1800]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">A,</emphasis>
section of creeping tube of holotype with a broken erect tube; note the small erect-tube diameter relative to the width of the creeping tube. 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD1B941E89BF8F8F684F8AF" authority="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang, 2024" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[764,998,1812,1836]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="decipula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD1B941E89BF8F8F684F8AF" box="[764,998,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">Rhabdopleura decipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD1B941E98BF8F8F146F8AF" bold="true" box="[1004,1060,1812,1836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FC032FFD1B941E98BF8F8F146F8AF" box="[1004,1060,1812,1836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD1B941EE56F8F8F125F8AF" bold="true" box="[1073,1095,1812,1836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">B,</emphasis>
holotype NIWA 162592 (left) and paratype 1 (NIWA 161212) colonies on broken shells; 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD1B941E8A2F8D4F7BFF8D3" bold="true" box="[709,733,1848,1872]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">C,</emphasis>
reflected-light image of part of a paratype 2 colony (NIWA 161213) seen in transparency on smooth shell, showing a loop of one creeping-tube branch curving back on itself, with a narrow crossconnection (cc) of the pectocaulus; erect tubes and zooids (z) and a dormant body (db) also seen. 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD1B941EE32F86CF10FF81B" bold="true" box="[1109,1133,1920,1944]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">D,</emphasis>
SEM image of same colony at lower magnification, with branch loop in C at top right. 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD1B941E8DFF848F7ADF83F" bold="true" box="[696,719,1956,1980]" pageId="20" pageNumber="343">E,</emphasis>
another part of same colony seen in transparency, showing a zooid inside a creeping tube to the left (distal) of a dark dormant body. Scale bars: A, 500 μm; B, 10 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 2 mm; E, 400 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF57F1D3FFD0B940EAF0F902F0EBF85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10821387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821387/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="344" startId="21.[151,248,1774,1798]" targetBox="[275,1312,181,1750]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD0B940EAF0F902F0EBF85C" blockId="21.[151,1436,1774,2015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="344">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD0B940EAF0F902F47DF885" bold="true" box="[151,287,1774,1798]" pageId="21" pageNumber="344">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD0B940EB4FF902F776F885" authority="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang, 2024" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[296,532,1774,1798]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="344" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="decipula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD0B940EB4FF902F776F885" box="[296,532,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="344">Rhabdopleura decipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD0B940E87BF902F735F885" bold="true" box="[540,599,1774,1798]" pageId="21" pageNumber="344">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FC032FFD0B940E87BF902F735F885" box="[540,599,1774,1798]" pageId="21" pageNumber="344" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, A, C, D, holotype 162592; B, E, paratype 3 NIWA 162591; F, paratype 4 NIWA 158517; G‒K, paratype 2 NIWA 161213. 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD0B940E856F8FEF72BF8A9" bold="true" box="[561,585,1810,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="344">A,</emphasis>
broken-tipped erect tube. 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD0B940E92CF8FEF600F8A9" bold="true" box="[843,866,1810,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="344">B,</emphasis>
distal end of young erect tube. 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD0B940EEF2F8FEF1A9F8A9" bold="true" box="[1173,1227,1810,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="344">C, D,</emphasis>
subdistal and middle parts of same fully formed erect tube. 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD0B940E843F8DAF735F8CD" bold="true" box="[548,599,1846,1870]" pageId="21" pageNumber="344">E, F,</emphasis>
parts of creeping tubes with some point-to-point suture zigzags highlighted. 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD0B940EF08F8DAF0EAF8CD" bold="true" box="[1391,1416,1846,1870]" pageId="21" pageNumber="344">G,</emphasis>
a prosicula (ps) and metasicula (ms); 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD0B940EB9AF8B6F754F8F1" bold="true" box="[509,566,1882,1906]" pageId="21" pageNumber="344">H‒K,</emphasis>
reflected-light (H, I) and SEM (J, K) images of new colonies, with numbers indicating the inferred budding sequence (subsequent development seems to vary) of creeping tubes; the metasicula produces one or two metasiculae while one side of the prosicula is internally partitioned off to produce both a backwards-directed tube and an opposing creeping tube. Black stolons occur in H and a zooid in I. Scale bars: A, E‒H, 200 μm; B, 100 μm; C, D, K, 50 μm; I, J, 400 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFD3B943EAA0FF7AF48DFEC3" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD3B943EAA0FF7AF48DFEC3" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EAA0FF7AF420FF33" bold="true" box="[199,322,150,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Erect ringed tubes budded directly from surface of creeping tubes. Colony ramifying over dead shell, up to 
<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFD3B943EB71FF56F42EFF56" box="[278,332,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
length or diameter. Erect tubes spaced 630‒1116 μm apart, mean erect-tube diameter 136 μm, mean fusellus height 32 μm. Creeping tubes sinuous, zigzag sutures inconspicuous, on about a third to half of convexity width; zigzag angles 26‒44°. Dormant bodies common. Three to four creeping tubes can be initiated from sicula and immediate daughter tubes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFD3B943EAA0FEA6F6DDFBFF" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD3B943EAA0FEA6F77EFE52" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EAA0FEA6F43BFEE7" bold="true" box="[199,345,330,356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Description.</emphasis>
Inception of ringed erect tubes is direct. Colony encrusting surface of dead shell, ramifying mostly irregularly over surface (
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD3B943EBCDFE82F762FE0B" box="[426,512,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,248,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[284,1303,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-28@20.[271,1316,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhabdopleura francesca n. sp.: A, section of creeping tube of holotype with a broken erect tube; note the small erect-tube diameter relative to the width of the creeping tube. Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp.: B, holotype NIWA 162592 (left) and paratype 1 (NIWA 161212) colonies on broken shells; C, reflected-light image of part of a paratype 2 colony (NIWA 161213) seen in transparency on smooth shell, showing a loop of one creeping-tube branch curving back on itself, with a narrow crossconnection (cc) of the pectocaulus; erect tubes and zooids (z) and a dormant body (db) also seen. D, SEM image of same colony at lower magnification, with branch loop in C at top right. E, another part of same colony seen in transparency, showing a zooid inside a creeping tube to the left (distal) of a dark dormant body. Scale bars: A, 500 μm; B, 10 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 2 mm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821383/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
), with generally curved and sinuous or sections between side branches, produced at various angles at non-regular intervals; spreading up to at least 
<quantity id="4CD00CBEFFD3B943E93CFE7EF6F0FE2E" box="[859,914,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
across substratum, forming conspicuous dark-brown to black continuous tracery.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD3B943EAA0FE36F640FD2B" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
Creeping tubes frequently sinuous in their course, even on very smooth shell; convex part of tube 238‒344 (293) μm (
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EAA9FE13F5BEFD9B" box="[206,220,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">n</emphasis>
= 18), with flattened marginal lamina along both sides, also of variable width [36‒67 (51) μm, n = 10], its edges often diffuse and not well defined. Surface fusellar sutures very thin (
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD3B943E984FDCEF106FDBF" box="[995,1124,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[275,1312,181,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[262,1325,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp., A, C, D, holotype 162592; B, E, paratype 3 NIWA 162591; F, paratype 4 NIWA 158517; G‒K, paratype 2 NIWA 161213. A, broken-tipped erect tube. B, distal end of young erect tube. C, D, subdistal and middle parts of same fully formed erect tube. E, F, parts of creeping tubes with some point-to-point suture zigzags highlighted. G, a prosicula (ps) and metasicula (ms); H‒K, reflected-light (H, I) and SEM (J, K) images of new colonies, with numbers indicating the inferred budding sequence (subsequent development seems to vary) of creeping tubes; the metasicula produces one or two metasiculae while one side of the prosicula is internally partitioned off to produce both a backwards-directed tube and an opposing creeping tube. Black stolons occur in H and a zooid in I. Scale bars: A, E‒H, 200 μm; B, 100 μm; C, D, K, 50 μm; I, J, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821387/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Fig. 10E, F</figureCitation>
), with point-to-point zigzag angles of predominantly 26‒44 (35)°, mode 35° (
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E8D0FDABF7A7FDE3" box="[695,709,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">n</emphasis>
= 75); zigzag sequence occupying c. 35‒55% of convexity width, with zigzag components mostly gently curved. Pectocaulus running along floor of creeping tubes, including under dormant bodies within tubes, 26‒33 (29) μm wide (
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E8BFFD63F784FD2B" box="[728,742,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">n</emphasis>
= 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD3B943EAA0FD5FF69BFC03" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
Erect tubes up to 1863 μm long, spaced at distances of c. 630‒1116 μm along creeping tubes, projecting at right angles to creeping tube. Tube diameter between fusellar collars 107‒160 (136) μm (
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EE55FD3BF122FD73" box="[1074,1088,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">n</emphasis>
= 35), collars generally weakly projecting circumferentially around tube [1.3‒9.2 (4.3) μm, 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E923FD17F630FC97" box="[836,850,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">n</emphasis>
= 44], lightly crinkled and generally horizontal for most of tube length, more crinkled and irregular in proximal third and distalmost parts of tube. Fusellus height in standard section of tube 17‒49 (32) μm (
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E838FCAFF70FFCDF" box="[607,621,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">n</emphasis>
= 105), fuselli generally shorter in proximal third and distalmost parts of tubes; number of fusellar collars in 500 μm of erect tube 12‒20 (16) (
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E9C6FC8BF6CDFC03" box="[929,943,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">n</emphasis>
= 16).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD3B943EAA0FC67F4D5FC4B" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
Dormant bodies moderately common, mostly parallel-sided or curved, rounded at each end (
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD3B943EEBCFC66F036FC27" box="[1243,1364,906,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="20.[151,248,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[284,1303,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-28@20.[271,1316,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhabdopleura francesca n. sp.: A, section of creeping tube of holotype with a broken erect tube; note the small erect-tube diameter relative to the width of the creeping tube. Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp.: B, holotype NIWA 162592 (left) and paratype 1 (NIWA 161212) colonies on broken shells; C, reflected-light image of part of a paratype 2 colony (NIWA 161213) seen in transparency on smooth shell, showing a loop of one creeping-tube branch curving back on itself, with a narrow crossconnection (cc) of the pectocaulus; erect tubes and zooids (z) and a dormant body (db) also seen. D, SEM image of same colony at lower magnification, with branch loop in C at top right. E, another part of same colony seen in transparency, showing a zooid inside a creeping tube to the left (distal) of a dark dormant body. Scale bars: A, 500 μm; B, 10 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 2 mm; E, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821383/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Fig. 9C, E</figureCitation>
), each proximal to an erect tube.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD3B943EAA0FC3EF678FB92" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
Zooids seen mostly in creeping parts of tubes in preserved material, some zooids extended into proximal parts of erect tubes; zooid length 511‒689 μm (561 μm), 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E8BEFC1BF785FB93" box="[729,743,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">n</emphasis>
= 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD3B943EAA0FBF6F6DDFBFF" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
Prosicula of founding individual (
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD3B943E821FBF6F7CCFBB7" box="[582,686,1050,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[275,1312,181,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[262,1325,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp., A, C, D, holotype 162592; B, E, paratype 3 NIWA 162591; F, paratype 4 NIWA 158517; G‒K, paratype 2 NIWA 161213. A, broken-tipped erect tube. B, distal end of young erect tube. C, D, subdistal and middle parts of same fully formed erect tube. E, F, parts of creeping tubes with some point-to-point suture zigzags highlighted. G, a prosicula (ps) and metasicula (ms); H‒K, reflected-light (H, I) and SEM (J, K) images of new colonies, with numbers indicating the inferred budding sequence (subsequent development seems to vary) of creeping tubes; the metasicula produces one or two metasiculae while one side of the prosicula is internally partitioned off to produce both a backwards-directed tube and an opposing creeping tube. Black stolons occur in H and a zooid in I. Scale bars: A, E‒H, 200 μm; B, 100 μm; C, D, K, 50 μm; I, J, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821387/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
) subspherical to suboval, typically slightly longer [322‒504 (442) μm, 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EAABFBD3F5B8FBDB" box="[204,218,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">n</emphasis>
= 12] than wide [344‒491 (403) μm, n = 12]; metasicula (proximal part of initial creeping tube) with fine oblique sutures and first zigzag angles; prosicular zooid c. 444 μm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFD3B942EAA0FB6AF7B8FF56" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD3B943EAA0FB6AF105FA42" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EAA0FB6AF459FB23" bold="true" box="[199,315,1158,1184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943EB23FB6AF72FFB23" authority="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang, 2024" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[324,589,1158,1184]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="decipula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EB23FB6AF72FFB23" box="[324,589,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Rhabdopleura decipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E830FB6AF7F5FB23" bold="true" box="[599,663,1158,1184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FC032FFD3B943E830FB6AF7F5FB23" box="[599,663,1158,1184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is very similar in most respects to 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943EE49FB6BF1DFFB23" authority="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang, 2024" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[1070,1213,1158,1184]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="francesca" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EE49FB6BF1DFFB23" box="[1070,1213,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">R. francesca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EEA2FB6AF064FB23" bold="true" box="[1221,1286,1158,1184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FC032FFD3B943EEA2FB6AF064FB23" box="[1221,1286,1158,1184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, overlapping in virtually all characters, although means may differ. The biggest character difference is in the number of fusellar collars in 500 μm of erect tube, respectively 10‒12 (11) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943E958FB23F6AFFB6B" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[831,973,1230,1256]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="francesca">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E958FB23F6AFFB6B" box="[831,973,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">R. francesca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 12‒20 (16) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943EECAFB23F04CFB6B" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[1197,1326,1230,1256]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="decipula">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EECAFB23F04CFB6B" box="[1197,1326,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">R. decipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two species are undoubtedly closely related, which is supported by the concatenated 16S+18S rRNA phylogeny (
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD3B943EF08FB1EF5DFFAB3" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,466,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-154@6.[169,1418,453,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood phylogeny for Rhabdopleura reconstructed on: A, concatenated 16S+18S rRNA genes; B, 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes. Numbers adjacent to nodes represent bootstrap support (≥ 50) /posterior probability (≥0.8) values." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821367/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Nevertheless, comparison of pairwise distances and the phylogeny both concur that they are genetically distinct, when compared to distances and branch lengths in conspecific 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943E906FAD7F689FAD7" authorityName="Beli, Cameron &amp; Piraino" authorityYear="2018" box="[865,1003,1338,1364]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="recondita">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E906FAD7F689FAD7" box="[865,1003,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">R. recondita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD3B943E99BFAD6F134FAD7" box="[1020,1110,1338,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,466,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-154@6.[169,1418,453,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood phylogeny for Rhabdopleura reconstructed on: A, concatenated 16S+18S rRNA genes; B, 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes. Numbers adjacent to nodes represent bootstrap support (≥ 50) /posterior probability (≥0.8) values." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821367/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
; Tables S2, S3). Indeed, 16S distances between 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943EB0CFAB3F495FAFB" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[363,503,1374,1400]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="francesca">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EB0CFAB3F495FAFB" box="[363,503,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">R. francesca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943E848FAB3F7CDFAFB" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[559,687,1374,1400]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="decipula">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E848FAB3F7CDFAFB" box="[559,687,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">R. decipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stood at 0.07, which is much larger than the intraspecific distance within 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EA81FA6FF407FA1F" box="[230,357,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
N. 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943EB61FA6FF407FA1F" box="[262,357,1411,1436]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="normani">normani</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
with an average of 0.002. Similarly, the 18S distance between the two species is 0.007, which is also several times larger than the average of 0.002 between conspecifics in 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943E985FA4BF102FA43" box="[994,1120,1447,1472]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E985FA4BF102FA43" box="[994,1120,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">R. normani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD3B943EAA0FA26F423F8AB" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
Several examples of colony initiation were seen (
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD3B943E88AFA26F61AFA67" box="[749,888,1482,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[275,1312,181,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[262,1325,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp., A, C, D, holotype 162592; B, E, paratype 3 NIWA 162591; F, paratype 4 NIWA 158517; G‒K, paratype 2 NIWA 161213. A, broken-tipped erect tube. B, distal end of young erect tube. C, D, subdistal and middle parts of same fully formed erect tube. E, F, parts of creeping tubes with some point-to-point suture zigzags highlighted. G, a prosicula (ps) and metasicula (ms); H‒K, reflected-light (H, I) and SEM (J, K) images of new colonies, with numbers indicating the inferred budding sequence (subsequent development seems to vary) of creeping tubes; the metasicula produces one or two metasiculae while one side of the prosicula is internally partitioned off to produce both a backwards-directed tube and an opposing creeping tube. Black stolons occur in H and a zooid in I. Scale bars: A, E‒H, 200 μm; B, 100 μm; C, D, K, 50 μm; I, J, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821387/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Fig. 10H‒K</figureCitation>
), based on larvae that had settled on very smooth white shell, allowing details of budding from the prosicula to be seen. Externally, the prosicula appears featureless, and is symmetrical or nearly so, with the metasicula sometimes slightly offset, in which case two metasiculae may protrude from the prosicula (
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFD3B943EBB9F9DAF725F9D3" box="[478,583,1590,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1774,1798]" captionTargetBox="[275,1312,181,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[262,1325,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Rhabdopleura decipula n. sp., A, C, D, holotype 162592; B, E, paratype 3 NIWA 162591; F, paratype 4 NIWA 158517; G‒K, paratype 2 NIWA 161213. A, broken-tipped erect tube. B, distal end of young erect tube. C, D, subdistal and middle parts of same fully formed erect tube. E, F, parts of creeping tubes with some point-to-point suture zigzags highlighted. G, a prosicula (ps) and metasicula (ms); H‒K, reflected-light (H, I) and SEM (J, K) images of new colonies, with numbers indicating the inferred budding sequence (subsequent development seems to vary) of creeping tubes; the metasicula produces one or two metasiculae while one side of the prosicula is internally partitioned off to produce both a backwards-directed tube and an opposing creeping tube. Black stolons occur in H and a zooid in I. Scale bars: A, E‒H, 200 μm; B, 100 μm; C, D, K, 50 μm; I, J, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821387/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">Fig. 10K</figureCitation>
), establishing two creeping tubes that may run together for a short distance before diverging to allow colony spread. Additionally, a curved internal longitudinal partition develops within the sicular cocoon [or dome in the terminology of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFD3B943E8DCF992F634F91A" author="Dilly, P. N." box="[699,854,1662,1689]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref21723" refString="Dilly, P. N. (1985 a) The prosicular stage of Rhabdopleura (Pterobranchia: Hemichordata). Journal of Zoology, London, A, 206, 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1985. tb 05642. x" type="journal article" year="1985">Dilly (1985a)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFD3B943E9F4F992F119F91B" author="Strano, F. &amp; Micaroni, V. &amp; Beli, E. &amp; Mercurio, S. &amp; Scari, G. &amp; Pennati, R. &amp; Piraino, S." box="[915,1147,1662,1689]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" pagination="1657 - 1666" refId="ref25438" refString="Strano, F., Micaroni, V., Beli, E., Mercurio, S., Scari, G., Pennati, R. &amp; Piraino, S. (2019) On the larva and the zooid of the pterobranch Rhabdopleura recondita Beli, Cameron and Piraino, 2018 (Hemichordata, Graptolithina). Marine Biodiversity, 49, 1657 - 1666. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 018 - 0933 - 2" type="journal article" year="2019">
Strano 
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E981F993F179F91B" box="[998,1051,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
], partitioning off another zooid bud that develops into a second (or third) creeping tube that immediately diverges to left and right. Thus three of four creeping tubes can be produced from the primary complex of buds. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFD3B943EE7EF92AF1B4F963" author="Stebbing, A. R. D." box="[1049,1238,1734,1760]" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" pagination="205 - 212" refId="ref25392" refString="Stebbing, A. R. D. (1970 b) Aspects of the reproduction and life cycle of Rhabdopleura compacta (Hemichordata). Marine Biology, 5, 205 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00346908" type="journal article" year="1970">Stebbing (1970b</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5) depicted a similar internal partition within the prosicula of the primary zooid in 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943E9FFF907F141F887" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" box="[920,1059,1771,1796]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="compacta">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943E9FFF907F141F887" box="[920,1059,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">R. compacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, quickly establishing two parallel creeping tubes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFD3B942EAA0F8DFF7B8FF56" blockId="22.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">
Two species were discovered to have co-occurred at the same station, one of them corresponding to 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD3B943EF70F8DFF0F7F8CF" authorityName="Gordon &amp; Randolph Quek &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2024" box="[1303,1429,1842,1868]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="22" pageNumber="345" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="decipula">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD3B943EF70F8DFF0F7F8CF" box="[1303,1429,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="345">R. decipula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Part of NIWA 162591 (see material examined) that was sequenced recovered at least two mitochondrial contigs of different species that could not be retrospectively separated out. Determining if two morphological entities can be recognized in the remaining registered sample labelled NIWA 162591 would compromise it, given that SEM is the easiest way to characterize the key non-genetic characters. Nevertheless, the discovery of two genetic entities at the same station highlights the potential problem posed by cryptic speciation. More sampling of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFD2B942EEC8FF7BF02DFF32" box="[1199,1359,151,177]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="23" pageNumber="346" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFD2B942EEC8FF7BF02DFF32" box="[1199,1359,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="346">Rhabdopleura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the Stewart-Snares shelf is necessary resolve this issue.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>