173 lines
23 KiB
XML
173 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FC01BA6C38EBC6C045AE36F2827D3E90">Four new species and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from New Zealand, with a review and key to all described extant taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="93A9E287A5CB78022F3B4A565FE540AD">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2DB8FC87A3203225223F2072B98F1D85">National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="123FB292C74CCCCF3B53B4F9F8E7EF44">Randolph Quek, Z. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="974716D5B8FD03E7A42B4ADA2EA67B28">National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EB2FAECFDBBD67EF06C2337BCD8DE5F5">Huang, Danwei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="854B1EF68DDF11CE5A973EDC62E67713">National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore & National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Singapore & National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand & Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore & National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private Bay 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEAF0FDCEF793FDBF" ID-CoL="4RW6W" authority="Jullien & Calvet, 1903" authorityName="Jullien & Calvet" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,753,546,573]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="manubialis">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEAF0FDCEF4B0FDBE" bold="true" box="[151,466,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Rhabdopleura manubialis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFCBB95BEBBDFDCEF793FDBF" author="Jullien, J. & Calvet, L." box="[474,753,546,572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref22692" refString="Jullien, J. & Calvet, L. (1903) Bryozoaires provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle. Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques accompli par le Prince Albert I, 23, 1 - 188, 18 pls." type="journal article" year="1903">Jullien & Calvet, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFCBB95BE967FDCEF606FDBF" box="[768,868,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[175,1413,182,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[162,1426,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Original illustrations of described species of Rhabdopleura characterized by indirect inception of ringed erect tubes from creeping tubes via an intervening adnate portion that comprises a blind-ending branch. A, Rhabdopleura normani (from Allman 1869, pl. 8, fig. 1). Note that most of the colony is adherent; only the ringed tubes (rt) are erect, the proximal part of each side branch (ppsb) is adherent and the oblique sutures are not shown. B, schematic interpretative depiction of R. normani (after Andres 1977). C, D, Rhabdopleura grimaldii (from Jullien 1890, p. 181); note that ringed erect tubes (rt) are mostly lacking, with only the adherent proximal parts of side branches (ppsb) present. D is a cropped part of C to show the proximal parts of two side branches, with fusellar sutures and Jullien’s putative ‘very fine tubes’ (vft)—actually the side walls of the tapering pectocaulus, the proximal end of which is transparent, hence the apparent gap between it and the pectocaulus of the creeping tube. E, F, Rhabdopleura striata (from Schepotieff 1909, pl. 7, figs 2, 7); E shows longitudinally striated erect parts of side branches; oblique sutures on prostrate parts omitted in E but shown in F, with characteristic web of fusellar sutures (wfs) in branch angles from main creeping tube. G, Rhabdopleura manubialis (from Jullien & Calvet, 1903, pl. 1, fig. 2) with dormant bodies (db)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821369/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Figs 4G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFCBB95BE916FDCEF6F6FDBE" box="[881,916,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1294,1318]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,181,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[249,1337,181,1270]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rhabdopleura grimaldii Jullien, 1890 (A‒D, syntype MNHN-IB-2014-386) and R. manubialis Jullien & Calvet, 1903 (E, syntype MNHN-IB-2014-387). A, B, oblique views of two erect ringed tubes. C, adherent proximal part of a side branch (apsb), with a tapering pectocaulus (tp) (its side walls appearing as converging brown lines) and the broken base of an erect tube (bbet). D, similar to C, but also showing the creeping tube (ct) from which the broader side branch originated; note the faint outlines of oblique sutures on the creeping tube and side branch. E, erect ringed tube. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C‒E, 200 μm. Images cropped from photos supplied by Pierre Lozuet, MNHN, Paris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821375/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">6E</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54931FF9FFCBB95BEAF0FD87F5B0FD06" box="[151,210,619,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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the southeastern tip of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF33B21FFCBB95BE800FD87F785FD06" box="[615,743,619,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Pico Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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,
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[
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1CC79CFFCBB95BEE54FD87F1D8FD06" box="[1075,1210,619,645]" degrees="28.0239" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" precision="5" value="-28.0239">28.0239° W</geoCoordinate>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFCBB95BEEBAFD87F0FAFD06" author="Stebbing, A. R. D." box="[1245,1432,619,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" pagination="209 - 221" refId="ref25339" refString="Stebbing, A. R. D. (1970 a) The status and ecology of Rhabdopleura compacta (Hemichordata) from Plymouth. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 50, 209 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400000722" type="journal article" year="1970">Stebbing (1970a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 211), the original Paris meridian corrected to Greenwich], on dead bryozoans and a sertularian hydroid “en compagnie de
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEB5DFD5FF73AFD4E" authority="Grimaldii." authorityName="Grimaldii." box="[314,600,691,717]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEB5DFD5FF73AFD4E" box="[314,600,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Rhabdopleura Grimaldii.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”
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<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFCBB95BEAA0FD3BF72CFCDE" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCBB95BEAA0FD3BF72CFCDE" blockId="14.[151,1437,618,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEAA0FD3BF406FD73" bold="true" box="[199,356,726,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Key features.</emphasis>
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Inception of ringed erect tubes is indirect. The species occurred at the same station as
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEF77FD3BF0F7FD72" ID-CoL="4RW6V" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1890" box="[1296,1429,727,753]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEF77FD3BF0F7FD72" box="[1296,1429,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">R. grimaldii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the light-yellowish <3 cm-long colony lacked the ‘tubes très fins’ and had dormant buds (‘statoblasts’) in adherent parts of some blind-ending side branches. The dark pectocaulus is visibly continuous from the main creeping tube(s) into the side branches.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C332F2D0FFCBB95BEAA0FC8AF462FA1E" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCBB95BEAA0FC8AF7EDFBFE" blockId="14.[151,1437,618,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEAA0FC8AF426FC03" bold="true" box="[199,324,870,896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Comment.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="49EC6FB9FFCBB95BEB2AFC8BF4C1FC02" box="[333,419,871,897]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">MNHN</collectingRegion>
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Paris sent two close-up images of this species based on the unique
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<typeStatus id="54931FF9FFCBB95BEEC8FC8BF064FC02" box="[1199,1286,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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(MNHN-IB-2014-387), which occurs on a fenestrate bryozoan, but the information content is very limited, again because creeping tubes are highly transparent and reflective; fusellar sutures were not clear enough in the images for zigzag angles to be measured. One erect ringed tube [
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||
<figureCitation id="1313BDDEFFCBB95BE8C7FC3FF79AFC6E" box="[672,760,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1294,1318]" captionTargetBox="[262,1325,181,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[249,1337,181,1270]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rhabdopleura grimaldii Jullien, 1890 (A‒D, syntype MNHN-IB-2014-386) and R. manubialis Jullien & Calvet, 1903 (E, syntype MNHN-IB-2014-387). A, B, oblique views of two erect ringed tubes. C, adherent proximal part of a side branch (apsb), with a tapering pectocaulus (tp) (its side walls appearing as converging brown lines) and the broken base of an erect tube (bbet). D, similar to C, but also showing the creeping tube (ct) from which the broader side branch originated; note the faint outlines of oblique sutures on the creeping tube and side branch. E, erect ringed tube. Scale bars: A, B, 100 μm; C‒E, 200 μm. Images cropped from photos supplied by Pierre Lozuet, MNHN, Paris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10821375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10821375/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
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] was well imaged, however [
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long, diameter 118‒131 (126) μm], with fusellus height 11‒24 (18) μm]. Creeping-tube width is 98‒110 (104) μm (n = 2), adherent-tube convexity width 177‒178 μm and creeping-tube stolon width is 20‒32 (26) μm (n = 3). Fusellar-collar extensions are greater than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEB0EFBD3F492FBDA" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1890" box="[361,496,1087,1113]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
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<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEB0EFBD3F492FBDA" box="[361,496,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">R. grimaldii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and there is no trace of a narrowing pectocaulus in side-branches. It is clear that the species is not synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BE866FB8FF7EAFBFE" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1890" box="[513,648,1123,1149]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BE866FB8FF7EAFBFE" box="[513,648,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">R. grimaldii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B97A15BFFCBB95BEAA0FB6BF462FA1E" blockId="14.[151,1437,618,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">
|
||
The Latin epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEBF5FB6BF770FB22" authorityName="Jullien & Calvet" authorityYear="1903" box="[402,530,1159,1185]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="manubialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEBF5FB6BF770FB22" box="[402,530,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">manubialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
means ‘manual’ or ‘captured,’ with no obvious application to the description or illustration. If we assume that the sole illustration of the species was accurately rendered (as per camera lucida), zigzag angles are 57°‒81°, mean 72°, mode 70° (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BE8BCFB23F78BFB6B" box="[731,745,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 34); the range of angles (57‒81°) just overlaps with that for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEAA7FB1FF420FA8F" box="[192,322,1267,1292]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="normani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEAA7FB1FF420FA8F" box="[192,322,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">R. normani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[54‒61°, mean 57°, mode 55°] based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9DCAAFFCBB95BE97CFB1FF6B3FA8E" author="Allman, G. J." box="[795,977,1267,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" pagination="95 - 109" refId="ref20662" refString="Allman, G. J. (1869) On Rhabdopleura, a new form of Polyzoa, from deep-sea dredging in Shetland. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, 4, 95 - 109, pl. 8." type="journal article" year="1869">Allman’s (1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 8, fig. 4) illustration.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEE90FB1FF475FAB2" authorityName="Jullien & Calvet" authorityYear="1903" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="manubialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEE90FB1FF475FAB2" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">Rhabdopleura manubialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been treated as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BE89AFAFBF6E3FAB3" box="[765,897,1303,1328]" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="normani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BE89AFAFBF6E3FAB3" box="[765,897,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">R. normani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but more work needs to be carried out on the latter species. External tube diameter between fusellar collars is 143‒154 (148) μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEE00FAD7F117FAD7" box="[1127,1141,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10) and fusellus height is 24‒41 (33) μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEB15FAB3F4E2FAFB" box="[370,384,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20),
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEBB2FAB3F49BFAFB" box="[469,505,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
less than and almost completely non-overlapping with equivalent metrics for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28DAD8FFCBB95BEFE4FAB3F59BFA1F" class="Pterobranchia" family="Rhabdopleuridae" genus="Rhabdopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdopleurida" pageId="14" pageNumber="337" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="normani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C7D49FFCBB95BEFE4FAB3F59BFA1F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="337">R. normani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |