236 lines
26 KiB
XML
236 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="71DF9FACE04456440D7ECBCCFB1891E5">Taxonomy of the sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Bahia State, including ontogenetic variation and an illustrated key to the Brazilian species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="88A7691EB5582D4B97B75DEABC7A3712">Cunha, Rosana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E861BB44BBF8B15D9FED0A461FA1A609" type="email">rosana.fcunha@alumni.usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F4D3836004D6F80A16A5677DDE075AFC">Martins, Luciana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2591B227E1A0122827ED41BFA4241D22" type="email">rosana.fcunha@alumni.usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B80D6E8CFA118ABD3E38B14CA28FC131">Menegola, Carla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A8AE55D43807CB1AE5E49ACF6B3AD9ED" type="email">carla.menegola@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E2A8A8D8A981C8E222252B4C72FB38E8">Souto, Camilla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CBE561281B2146DCBBE29F50EE028F2B" type="email">rosana.fcunha@alumni.usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F319A871CD25B09E0B41D0D081754022">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F90CD29401376F3CB39F2D4250B51F6C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="312C075F6EBA1E51A5CC71BB03B2269E">2021-04-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A3608C0F3D2F9BCB69BDFF4070F5C714">4955</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5AFE76040732A32FC6748E2EF16FE598" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4955.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FF6987EEFFB7FFCEFF54459A7C85FA81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4701415" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181198516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4701415" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF6987EEFFB7FFCEFF54459A7C85FA81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF6987EEFFB7FFCEFF54459A7C85FA81" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FFB7FFCEFF54459A7DA6FD5D" box="[151,468,654,681]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="777F36F8FFB7FFCEFF54459A7DA6FD5D" blockId="26.[151,468,654,681]" box="[151,468,654,681]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFF54459A7DA6FD5D" bold="true" box="[151,468,654,681]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFF2D459A7DA6FD5D" ID-CoL="1981e95a-cf73-44f5-ad3a-73181b9eff7f" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[238,468,654,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFF2D459A7D31FD5C" bold="true" box="[238,323,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Othilia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFE89459A7DA6FD5D" author="Gray, J. E." box="[330,468,654,680]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref55826" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 6 (37), 175 - 184 + 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443296" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FFB7FFCEFF5445C778D5FD1E" box="[151,1191,723,747]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="777F36F8FFB7FFCEFF5445C778D5FD1E" blockId="26.[151,1191,723,747]" box="[151,1191,723,747]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFF5445C77D51FD1E" bold="true" box="[151,291,723,747]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<typeStatus id="A87B885AFFB7FFCEFF5445C77CBEFD1E" box="[151,204,723,747]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFEE945C77EDAFD1E" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[298,680,723,747]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinophora">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFEE945C77D8AFD1E" box="[298,504,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Othilia echinophora</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFDC645C77ED3FD1E" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[517,673,723,747]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref57035" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Meline, Bruxelles, 568 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="A87B885AFFB7FFCEFD7545C77E91FD1E" box="[694,739,723,747]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
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by subsequent designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFBD845C778E9FD1E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1051,1179,723,747]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref54832" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 76, i - xiii + 1 - 420 pp., 122 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="book chapter" year="1911">Fisher, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FFB7FFCEFF54440D7C85FA81" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="777F36F8FFB7FFCEFF54440D7E6EFC31" blockId="26.[151,1437,793,1396]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFF54440D7D79FCC6" bold="true" box="[151,267,793,819]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Previously demoted as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFD76440D7F5CFCC6" box="[693,814,793,819]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFD76440D7F5CFCC6" box="[693,814,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Echinaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFC9B440D780AFCC1" author="Clark, A. & Tortonese, E." box="[856,1144,793,820]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="65 - 71" refId="ref52603" refString="Clark, A. & Tortonese, E. (1986) Echinaster sepositus madseni n. subsp., from West Africa (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano, 127, 65 - 71." type="journal article" year="1986">Clark & Tortonese (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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because of the lack of exclusive morphological characters (see
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFD8244297F23FCAD" author="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E." box="[577,849,829,856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey [1992]</bibRefCitation>
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for a thorough revision), the re-erection of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFF5444757C94FC8E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,230,865,891]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFF5444757C94FC8E" box="[151,230,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Othilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is supported by morphological (
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFD9B44757FEAFC8E" author="Fontanella, F. M. & Hopkins, T. S." box="[600,920,865,891]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="91 - 95" refId="ref55064" refString="Fontanella, F. M. & Hopkins, T. S. (2003) Preliminary phylogeny of Echinaster (Othilia) from the Gulf of Mexico based on morphological characters (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Feral, J. P. & David, B. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Echinoderm Research, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, 3 - 7 September 2001. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 91 - 95." type="book chapter" year="2003">Fontanella & Hopkins 2003</bibRefCitation>
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) and molecular evidence (Lopes
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFAD14476793EFC8E" box="[1298,1356,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
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2016). These phylogenies have shown that
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFDED44917E0FFC6A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[558,637,901,927]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFDED44917E0FFC6A" box="[558,637,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Othilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a monophyletic group and that the genus
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFBB244917898FC6A" box="[1137,1258,901,927]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFBB244917898FC6A" box="[1137,1258,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Echinaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is more closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFEC444BE7D19FC36" box="[263,363,938,963]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFEC444BE7D19FC36" box="[263,363,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Henricia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than to
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFE0544BD7E67FC36" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[454,533,937,963]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFE0544BD7E67FC36" box="[454,533,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Othilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="777F36F8FFB7FFCEFF0444D97F63FB6E" blockId="26.[151,1437,793,1396]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFF0444D97E62FC12" author="Fontanella, F. M. & Hopkins, T. S." box="[199,528,973,999]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="91 - 95" refId="ref55064" refString="Fontanella, F. M. & Hopkins, T. S. (2003) Preliminary phylogeny of Echinaster (Othilia) from the Gulf of Mexico based on morphological characters (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Feral, J. P. & David, B. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Echinoderm Research, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, 3 - 7 September 2001. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 91 - 95." type="book chapter" year="2003">Fontanella & Hopkins (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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found five synapomorphies supporting the genus
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFBFD44D978FFFC12" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1086,1165,973,999]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFBFD44D978FFFC12" box="[1086,1165,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Othilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but unfortunately these were not listed in their paper. A.M.
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<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFDDD44E57EDEFBFE" author="Clark, A. M." box="[542,684,1009,1035]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref52434" refString="Clark, A. M. (1987) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea Echinasteridae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 53, 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1987">Clark (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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distinguished
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFC8D44E57FB5FBFE" box="[846,967,1009,1035]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFC8D44E57FB5FBFE" box="[846,967,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Echinaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFBCA44E5782AFBFE" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1033,1112,1009,1035]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFBCA44E5782AFBFE" box="[1033,1112,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Othilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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using two diagnostic characters: the arrangement of the dorsolateral plates, which are organized into an irregular reticulum in
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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFB234301792BFBDA" box="[1248,1369,1045,1071]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFB234301792BFBDA" box="[1248,1369,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Echinaster</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and a regular reticulum in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFEBF432D7DB9FBA6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[380,459,1081,1107]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFEBF432D7DB9FBA6" box="[380,459,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Othilia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; and the presence of actinal plates between the inferomarginal and adambulacral plates in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFF7743497D5FFB82" box="[180,301,1117,1143]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFF7743497D5FFB82" box="[180,301,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Echinaster</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, Lopes
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFE3F434A7E47FB82" box="[508,565,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2016) mentioned that, based on the literature,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFB8E434A79EEFB8D" authority="Marenzeller, 1895" authorityName="Marenzeller" authorityYear="1895" box="[1101,1436,1117,1144]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFB8E434A782CFB82" box="[1101,1118,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFBAF434978BAFB82" box="[1132,1224,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">callosus</emphasis>
|
|
Marenzeller, 1895
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFF0443967D97FB6E" authority="(Gray, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[199,485,1153,1180]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luzonicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFF0443967CAAFB6E" box="[199,216,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">E</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFF2543957D22FB6E" box="[230,336,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">luzonicus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFE9D43957DAFFB6E" author="Gray, J. E." box="[350,477,1153,1179]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref55826" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 6 (37), 175 - 184 + 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443296" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
do not have actinal plates.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="777F36F8FFB7FFCEFF0443B17D69FB11" blockId="26.[151,1437,793,1396]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|
Three species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFE4D43B17DAFFB4A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[398,477,1189,1215]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFE4D43B17DAFFB4A" box="[398,477,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Othilia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been reported for the Brazilian coast:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFC1F43B278F0FB4A" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[988,1154,1189,1216]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFC1F43B278F0FB4A" box="[988,1154,1189,1216]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFB5043B27934FB4A" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1171,1350,1189,1216]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinophora">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFB5043B27934FB4A" box="[1171,1350,1189,1216]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O. echinophora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFA4243B27D61FB16" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guyanensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFA4243B27D61FB16" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O. guyanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="777F36F8FFB7FFCEFF0443F97C85FA81" blockId="26.[151,1437,793,1396]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|
Species of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFE7B43F97E75FAF2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[440,519,1261,1287]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Othilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFE7B43F97E75FAF2" box="[440,519,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Othilia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are commercially exploited in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFFB7FFCEFCAA43F9787FFAF2" box="[873,1037,1261,1287]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFFB7FFCEFB8643F978F4FAF2" box="[1093,1158,1261,1287]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
|
as souvenirs and for the aquarium trade, and they are also used for medicinal (treatment of asthma and alcoholism) and religious purposes (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFF5C42217E7DFABA" author="Nobre, C. & Campos-Creasey, L. S." box="[159,527,1333,1359]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="61 - 68" refId="ref59862" refString="Nobre, C. & Campos-Creasey, L. S. (2000) Efeito da salinidade no desenvolvimento larval de Echinaster echinophorus (Lamarck 1816) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology, 4, 61 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.14210 / bjast. v 4 n 1. p 61 - 68" type="journal article" year="2000">Nobre & Campos-Creasey 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFDDA42217EACFABA" author="Alves, R. N. & Neto, N. L. & Brooks, S. E. & Albuquerque, U. P." box="[537,734,1333,1360]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="600 - 608" refId="ref49443" refString="Alves, R. N., Neto, N. L., Brooks, S. E. & Albuquerque, U. P. (2009) Commercialization of animal-derived remedies as complementary medicine in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 124, 600 - 608. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jep. 2009.04.049" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|
Alves
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFDA042227EE7FABA" box="[611,661,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFD2A42217FB5FABA" author="Alves, R. N. & Dias, T. L. P." box="[745,967,1333,1359]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="159 - 174" refId="ref49512" refString="Alves, R. N. & Dias, T. L. P. (2010) Uso de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicacoes para conservacao. Tropical Conservation Science, 3 (2), 159 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1177 / 194008291000300204" type="journal article" year="2010">Alves & Dias 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FFB7FFCEFC10422178D9FABA" author="Martins, L. & Souto, C. & Magalhaes, W. F. & Alves, O. F. S. & Rosa, I. L. & Sampaio, C. L. S." box="[979,1195,1333,1360]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="53 - 59" refId="ref58862" refString="Martins, L., Souto, C., Magalhaes, W. F., Alves, O. F. S., Rosa, I. L. & Sampaio, C. L. S. (2012) Echinoderm harvesting in Todosos-Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil: the aquarium trade. Sitientibus serie Ciencias Biologicas, 12 (1), 53 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.13102 / scb 123" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
Martins
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFBF142227816FABA" box="[1074,1124,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
[as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFFB7FFCEFB1842217CAFFA86" authorityName="A.M.Clark" authorityYear="1987" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guyanensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFFB7FFCEFB1842217CAFFA86" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Echinaster guyanensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
]).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |