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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.46.5155" ID-GBIF-Dataset="08165480-740b-4b5a-99de-3ee420a8e7b5" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-46-85" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DD72D402FFD6FFEEFF8FFFB2FFFC4479" ID-ZBK="C5ABD12099B04BE2BFFEB67CA5B1AF80" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575075" ID-ZooBank="C5ABD12099B04BE2BFFEB67CA5B1AF80" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2607-46-85" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) developing on ficus whitefly Singhiellasimplex (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) in China and Taiwan" checkinTime="1451252160288" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ko, Chiun Cheng, Shih, Yuan Tung, Schmidt, Stefan &amp; Polaszek, Andrew" docDate="2015" docId="68CAF3F8955D226B1B242D6ECA58F6B8" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 46: 85-90" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46" docPubDate="2015-11-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.46.5155" docTitle="Encarsia singhiellae Shih &amp; Polaszek 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="3E0E06D7-3280-44E4-B2C3-56BED3E54000" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="DD72D402FFD6FFEEFF8FFFB2FFFC4479" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="DD72D402FFD6FFEEFF8FFFB2FFFC4479" masterDocTitle="A new species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) developing on ficus whitefly Singhiella simplex (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) in China and Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1678748550515" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) developing on ficus whitefly Singhiella simplex (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) in China and Taiwan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ko, Chiun Cheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shih, Yuan Tung</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Stefan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-8706</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen, Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">schmidt.s@snsb.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Polaszek, Andrew</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-3353</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2015-11-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>46</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>85</mods:start>
<mods:end>90</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.46.5155</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.46.5155</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-46-85</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5ABD12099B04BE2BFFEB67CA5B1AF80</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DD72D402FFD6FFEEFF8FFFB2FFFC4479</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">575075</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127901872" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3E0E06D7-3280-44E4-B2C3-56BED3E54000" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68CAF3F8955D226B1B242D6ECA58F6B8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/3E0E06D7-3280-44E4-B2C3-56BED3E54000" authority="Shih &amp; Polaszek" authorityName="Shih &amp; Polaszek" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Encarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encarsia singhiellae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singhiellae" status="sp. n.">Encarsia singhiellae Shih &amp; Polaszek</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="86">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. E. singhiellae sp. n.: 1 Head, frontal view 2 Head, back view 3 Fore leg 4 Mid leg 5 Hind leg 6 Dorsal mesosoma 7 Dorsal metasoma 8 Antenna 9 Fore wing." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.46.5155.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/66925" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Figs 1-9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–15" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10 - 15. E. singhiellae sp. n.: 10 Apex of antenna 11 Detail of compound eye 12 Articulation of tibia and femur, fore leg 13 Ventral habitus 14 Mouth 15 Articulation of tibia and femur, mid leg." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.46.5155.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/66926" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">, 10-15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="description of female">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Description of female.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
Colour: Head yellow, antenna yellow, slightly darker towards apex. Mesosoma yellow except following light brown: pronotum, posterior margin of
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="87" start="start">mesoscutum</pageBreakToken>
, anterior margin of scutellum, axillae and sides of propodeum. Metasoma yellow except T5 dark brown in strong contrast. Base of T1, and T4, infuscate centrally. Fore wing slightly infuscate below marginal vein. Legs yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
Morphology: Mandibles each with three small teeth. Stemmaticum with five robust setae and reticulate surface sculpture. Antennal formula 1,1,4,2. F1, F2, F3 approximately equal in length, with any of the three antennomeres the longest in different specimens. Pedicel with two robust setae dorsally. F4 0.9 times F1 (0.85 in holotype); F5 0.7-0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
F1 (0.73 in HT); F6 0.8-1.0times F1 (0.9 in HT); funicle length 2.5times clava length (2.3 in HT). F1-F6 with the following numbers of multiporous plate sensilla: F1:0; F2:2; F3:2; F4:3; F5:3 F6:3. Mid lobe of mesoscutum with 4 or 5 pairs of setae, 1 lateral pair and 3-4 centrally (one central seta unpaired in holotype); side lobes with three setae. Scutellar sensilla closely placed, separated by less than the maximum width of one sensillum. Distance between posterior pair of scutellar setae 2 times distance between posterior pair (2.1 times in HT). Fore wing 2.8 times maximum width of disc (2.84 in HT). Marginal fringe 0.26 times maximum width of disc (0.25 in HT). Submarginal vein with 3 setae; marginal vein anteriorly with 7-9 setae (8+9 in HT). Basal cell with 9-15 setae (11+12 in HT). Tarsal formula 5-5-5. Mid tibial spur 0.56 times corresponding basitarsus. Mid tibia with a prominent spine-like seta apically. Metasomal tergites with the following numbers of setae: T1: 0, T2: 2, T3: 2, T4: 2, T5: 4, T6: 4, T7: 4. Ovipositor 1.2 times mid tibia; 2nd valvifers 3.8 times third valvulae (3.7 in HT).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="965376" doi="10.3897/JHR.46.5155.figures1-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/66925" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" start="Figures 1–9" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Figures 1-9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. singhiellae" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="singhiellae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. singhiellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n.:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">1</emphasis>
Head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">2</emphasis>
Head, back view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">3</emphasis>
Fore leg
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">4</emphasis>
Mid leg
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">5</emphasis>
Hind leg
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">6</emphasis>
Dorsal mesosoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">7</emphasis>
Dorsal metasoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">8</emphasis>
Antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">9</emphasis>
Fore wing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="965378" doi="10.3897/JHR.46.5155.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/66926" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" start="Figures 10–15" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Figures 10-15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. singhiellae" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="singhiellae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. singhiellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n.:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">10</emphasis>
Apex of antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">11</emphasis>
Detail of compound eye
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">12</emphasis>
Articulation of tibia and femur, fore leg
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">13</emphasis>
Ventral habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">14</emphasis>
Mouth
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">15</emphasis>
Articulation of tibia and femur, mid leg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-10-06" collectingDateMax="2011-07-07" collectingDateMin="2010-10-06" collectorName="Y. T. Shih, J Huang, A Polaszek, Wang" country="CHINA" latitude="24.481" location="Xiamen" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="118.089" specimenCount="2020" specimenCount-female="10" stateProvince="Fujian" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
female (NHM) on slide, labelled &quot;TAIWAN: Taoyuan, Kuanyin (
<geoCoordinate degrees="25.034" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="25.034">25.034°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="121.113" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="121.113">121.113°E</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingDate value="2011-07-07">07 July 2011</collectingDate>
, ex
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Singh" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singhiella simplex" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Singhiella simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectedFrom>
on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ficus microcarpa" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Ficus microcarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
<collectorName>Y.T. Shih</collectorName>
col.
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shih &amp; Polaszek" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Encarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encarsia singhiellae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singhiellae">Encarsia singhiellae</taxonomicName>
Shih &amp; Polaszek&quot;;
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (NHM, NTU).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Fujian">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68CAF3F8955D226B1B242D6ECA58F6B8:B009EEFC78846238BC543DC04996480C" country="CHINA" latitude="24.481" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="118.089" name="Xiamen" stateProvince="Fujian">Xiamen</location>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.481" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="24.481">24.481°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="118.089" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="118.089">118.089°E</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingDate value="2010-10-06">
6.x.
<specimenCount type="generic">2010 ex</specimenCount>
</collectingDate>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Singh" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singhiella simplex" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Singhiella simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectedFrom>
on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ficus microcarpa" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Ficus microcarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
,
<collectorName>J Huang</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>A Polaszek</collectorName>
, Z-H
<collectorName>Wang</collectorName>
col. (
<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, FAFU).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="species group placement">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Species group placement.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
The close proximity of the scutellar sensilla, coupled with three setae on the submarginal vein might suggest placement of the new species in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. strenua" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="strenua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. strenua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, but the shape of the stigma vein indicates that this placement would be incorrect.
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. strenua" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="strenua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. strenua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species have a distinct constriction between the marginal and stigmal veins. DNA analysis of the 28S D2 region places
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. singhiellae" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="singhiellae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. singhiellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. far away from the monophyletic
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. strenua" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="strenua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. strenua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, in an assemblage that includes
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. tricolor" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. tricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Foerster,
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. tachii" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="tachii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. tachii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Polaszek &amp; Hayat), and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. mineoi" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="mineoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. mineoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Viggiani (S. Schmidt, unpublished data).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shih &amp; Polaszek" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Encarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encarsia singhiellae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singhiellae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Encarsia singhiellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore currently unplaced with respect to any known species group of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Encarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encarsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Encarsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The sequence has been deposited in GenBank under accession number KT279403.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
In the key to Chinese
<taxonomicName authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Encarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encarsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Encarsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" pagination="1825 - 1966" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222939800770911" refId="B5" refString="Huang, J, Polaszek, A, 1998. A revision of the Chinese species of Encarsia Foerster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): parasitoids of whiteflies, scale insects and aphids (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae, Aphidoidea). Journal of Natural History 32: 1825 - 1966, DOI: 10.1080/00222939800770911" title="A revision of the Chinese species of Encarsia Foerster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): parasitoids of whiteflies, scale insects and aphids (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae, Aphidoidea)." url="10.1080/00222939800770911" volume="32" year="1998">Huang and Polaszek 1998</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. singhiellae" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="singhiellae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. singhiellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. keys to
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. noyesana" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="noyesana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. noyesana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Huang &amp; Polaszek, 1998. It can be easily distinguished from that species by the three setae on the submarginal vein (two in
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. noyesana" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="noyesana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. noyesana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 2-segmented clava (3-segmented in
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. noyesana" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="noyesana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">E. noyesana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and the distinct colour pattern of the metasoma.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Singh" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singhiella simplex" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Singhiella simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Singh) (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aleyrodidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="88" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shih &amp; Polaszek" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Encarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encarsia singhiellae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singhiellae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Encarsia singhiellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is not closely related to any known
<taxonomicName authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Encarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encarsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Encarsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, either in the Oriental Region or elsewhere. It has several unusual characters as follows: antenna with two robust setae on the pedicel, and F1 having distinct sculpture; anterior apex of mid tibia with one distinct long spine-like seta. The following
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="89" start="start">character</pageBreakToken>
states place the new species in the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Encarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encarsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">Encarsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: fore and hind tarsi five-segmented, eight antennomeres (excluding radicle), scutellum with two pairs of setae, marginal vein longer than submarginal vein, stigmal vein very short and postmarginal vein absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
It is the first recorded parasitoid of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Singh" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singhiella simplex" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">Singhiella simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Asia, and appears to show a high degree of host specificity, as there are no host records from other whitefly species. The species is currently only known from the type locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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