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<mods:title id="A55897AE15DD311021AC29D680CFA0B3">Genera of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera): a review of the global fauna, with descriptions of new taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="040FDFC1E48603A711085FF35527FA8A">Solis, Alma</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA989E59A5FD0E948C" bold="true" box="[151,712,151,178]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
9. Genus
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA990559A5FD0E948C" ID-CoL="BF8H8" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis, 2017" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2017" box="[268,712,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA990559A5FE69948F" bold="true" box="[268,431,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Paratischeria</emphasis>
Diškus &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFAEFFEA9A3B59A5FD0E948C" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K." box="[562,712,151,177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref50942" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K. (2017) Urticaceae-feeders from the family Tischeriidae: descriptions of two new species and new genus Paratischeria gen. nov. Biologija, 63 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.6001 / biologija. v 63 i 1.3470" type="journal article" year="2017">Stonis, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E80636FEFFAEFFEA989E5989FE8494E8" blockId="93.[151,712,151,213]" box="[151,322,187,213]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
(
<figureCitation id="70822A7BFFAEFFEA98965989FEFC94E8" box="[159,314,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–416" captionStartId="94.[151,262,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,171,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-25@94.[154,1434,166,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 411–416. Details of male genitalia of Paratischeria spp. 411, P. boehmerica Diškus &amp; Stonis, uncus, tegumen and dorsal plate, lateral view, holotype, slide no. AD1055 (MfN); 412, P. grossa Diškus &amp; Stonis, uncus, tegumen, and dorsal plate, ventral view, paratype, slide no.AD1037 (MfN); 413, same, capsule, holotype, slide no.AD1066 (MfN) (after Stonis et al. 2021a); 414, P. ferruginea Diškus &amp; Stonis, dorsal plate and vinculum, paratype, slide no. AD842 (ZMUC); 415, same, phallus, slide no. AD867 (ZMUC); 416, P. fasciata Diškus &amp; Stonis, phallus, holotype, slide no. AD868 (ZMUC) (after Stonis et al. 2017)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261299/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figs 411–416</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="A0A36575FFAEFFEA989E5832FB359525" box="[151,1267,256,280]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E80636FEFFAEFFEA989E5832FB359525" blockId="93.[151,1267,256,280]" box="[151,1267,256,280]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8A911D0FFAEFFEA989E5832FB359525" box="[151,1267,256,280]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<treatmentCitation id="691810EFFFAEFFEA989E5832FDED9525" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K." box="[151,555,256,280]" page="4" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" year="2017">
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA989E5832FDED9525" ID-CoL="BF8H8" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis, 2017: 4" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,555,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA989E5832FEE49525" box="[151,290,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Paratischeria</emphasis>
Diškus &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFAEFFEA99995832FDED9525" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K." box="[400,555,256,280]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref50942" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K. (2017) Urticaceae-feeders from the family Tischeriidae: descriptions of two new species and new genus Paratischeria gen. nov. Biologija, 63 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.6001 / biologija. v 63 i 1.3470" type="journal article" year="2017">Stonis, 2017: 4</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="3702885CFFAEFFEA9A3C5832FDA19525" box="[565,615,256,280]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<treatmentCitation id="691810EFFFAEFFEA9ACD5832FB299525" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K." box="[708,1263,256,280]" page="19" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" year="2017">
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9ACD5832FB299525" ID-CoL="BHW5T" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis, 2017: 8 - 19" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis NEPTI" authorityPageNumber="8 - 19" authorityYear="2017" box="[708,1263,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA9ACD5832FC069525" box="[708,960,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Paratischeria ferruginea</emphasis>
Diškus &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFAEFFEA9C245832FB299525" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K." box="[1069,1263,256,280]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref50942" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K. (2017) Urticaceae-feeders from the family Tischeriidae: descriptions of two new species and new genus Paratischeria gen. nov. Biologija, 63 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.6001 / biologija. v 63 i 1.3470" type="journal article" year="2017">Stonis, 2017: 8–19</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A0A36575FFAEFFEA989E5877FF0B9765" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA989E5877FED49562" bold="true" box="[151,274,325,351]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
In the male genitalia, species of
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9A7C5874FCC9955D" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2017" box="[629,783,326,352]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA9A7C5874FCC9955D" box="[629,783,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Paratischeria</emphasis>
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are characterized by the presence of a dorsal plate (sclerite) and anellus, as well as a very long basal process of the valva; phallus is usually expanded (with lateral projections) basally. In the female genitalia, the genus is characterized by large ovipositor lobes, small, indistinctive lateral lobes, and a longitudinally folded membrane between inner prela. Leaf mines of
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9BEF5880FB4695F1" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2017" box="[998,1152,434,460]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA9BEF5880FB4695F1" box="[998,1152,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Paratischeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are irregular blotch-like, sometimes with short, relatively wide lateral galleries. Larvae feed on
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9BBD58E4FBEA95CD" box="[948,1068,470,496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
host plants but one South-South East Asian species,
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA997E58C9FD9B9629" authority="(Meyrick)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" box="[375,605,506,532]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hestias">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA997E58C9FE279629" box="[375,481,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. hestias</emphasis>
(Meyrick)
</taxonomicName>
, is recorded feeding on
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9B6458C8FBD19629" box="[877,1047,506,532]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Helicteres" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA9B6458C8FC199629" box="[877,991,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Helicteres</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9C2D58C8FB679629" box="[1060,1185,506,532]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
; a nidus is usually not round but elongated or irregular, often indistinctive.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E80636FEFFAEFFEA98CE5B70FE5B96F5" blockId="93.[151,1437,325,1936]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
External characters of the adults and wing venation characters are not informative and, therefore, insufficient for the differentiation of
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA99B15B54FD8196BD" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[440,583,614,640]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Neotischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA99B15B54FD8196BD" box="[440,583,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Neotischeria</emphasis>
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because of their general uniformity or, in some cases, variability of these characters within the entire family; however, at least some species are characterized by a bright ochre spot or ochre fascia for the forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E80636FEFFAEFFEA98CE5BE0FF0B9765" blockId="93.[151,1437,325,1936]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA98CE5BE0FED796D1" bold="true" box="[199,273,722,748]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Notes.</emphasis>
In our cladograms,
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<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA99FC5BE0FD4996D1" box="[501,655,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Paratischeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appeared as a separate clade. Depending on the outgroup, it is either the sister taxon to the large cluster of (
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA9A375BC4FC9C972D" box="[574,858,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
Pafazaria +
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9AC25BC4FC9C972D" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2021" box="[715,858,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Neotischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotischeria</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA9B605BC5FCBA972D" box="[873,892,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">+</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA9B855BC4FB3E972D" box="[908,1272,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
Astrotischeria +
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9C415BC4FB3E972D" authorityName="Diskus" authorityYear="2023" box="[1096,1272,758,784]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gnathitischeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gnathitischeria</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) (
<figureCitation id="70822A7BFFAEFFEA9D065BC4FA49972D" box="[1295,1423,758,784]" captionStart="FIGURES 63, 64" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,192,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-20@21.[154,1434,181,1592]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 63, 64. The Maximum Likelihood trees of Tischeriidae based on the 608 bp long mtDNA CO1-5’ sequences. The Kimura 2-parameter model (1.000 replicates) was used to calculate divergence. The best supported and resolved dichotomies are highlighted. 63, using the same (as in the Fig. 62) 11 randomly selected sequences of species representing 11 genera of Tischeriidae; the families of host plants are shown to the right of the tree; 64, same, but omitting Rytietia uncinata sp. nov.; the distribution of species is shown to the right of the tree" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261163/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figs 63, 64</figureCitation>
), or
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA98BE5A28FE979709" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2017" box="[183,337,794,820]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA98BE5A28FE979709" box="[183,337,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Paratischeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sister taxon to
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9A405A28FD219709" authorityName="Puplesis &amp; Diskus" authorityYear="2003" box="[585,743,794,820]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Astrotischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA9A405A28FD219709" box="[585,743,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Astrotischeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="70822A7BFFAEFFEA9AFE5A28FC8C9709" box="[759,842,794,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="20.[151,250,999,1023]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,202,954]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[154,1434,196,960]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 62. The Maximum Likelihood tree of 11 randomly selected sequences of species representing 11 genera of Tischeriidae (Table 1 + downloaded Paratischeria ferruginea HM244395, Neotischeria neotropicana HM244391, Dishkeya bifurcata LNAUT3265-15, Coptotrichoides serjaniphaga OK017167) based on the 608 bp long mtDNA CO1-5’ sequences). The Kimura 2-parameter model (1.000 replicates) was used to calculate divergence. The best supported and resolved dichotomies are highlighted. The morphological differences of genitalia are shown to the right of the tree" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261161/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
). Both cases do not conflict with the morphological data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0A36575FFAEFFEA98CE5A53FCE593AD" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="description">
<paragraph id="E80636FEFFAEFFEA98CE5A53FBBA97D5" blockId="93.[151,1437,325,1936]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA98CE5A53FED59746" bold="true" box="[199,275,865,891]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Adult.</emphasis>
Head: frontal tuft overlapping the frons, comprised of long, slender lamellar scales; pecten distinctive; collar distinctly paired, comprised of slender lamellar scales. Forewing varies from unicolourous to sparsely speckled with dark scales apically and along costal and dorsal margins; South American species are known possessing a distinctive bright ochre spot or bright ochre fascia. Hindwing slender, androconia absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E80636FEFFAEFFEA98CE5AC0FF1C9149" blockId="93.[151,1437,325,1936]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA98CE5AC0FEBE9036" bold="true" box="[199,376,1009,1036]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Male genitalia</emphasis>
. Uncus always with two very long, usually slender, sometimes wide lateral lobes. Socii membranous, medium small, distinctly spinose, clearly paired (sometimes well-separated), only occasionally, in
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9D815D25FF239069" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hestias">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA9D815D25FF239069" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. hestias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, weakly paired. Tegumen long or moderately long, without a frame-like thickening, however, at least a couple of Asian species with thickened projections in corners laterally; diaphragm without spines; pseudognathos absent; dorsally to valvae, there is a distinctive but variously developed dorsal lobe (previously named the dorsal sclerite) (
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFAEFFEA98965D94FEAF90FD" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K." box="[159,361,1190,1216]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref50942" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K. (2017) Urticaceae-feeders from the family Tischeriidae: descriptions of two new species and new genus Paratischeria gen. nov. Biologija, 63 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.6001 / biologija. v 63 i 1.3470" type="journal article" year="2017">
Stonis
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA98E75D95FEE690FD" box="[238,288,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFAEFFEA997D5D94FE7B90FD" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Monro, A. K. &amp; Dai, X. &amp; Xu, J." box="[372,445,1190,1216]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="247 - 264" refId="ref50859" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Monro, A. K., Dai, X. &amp; Xu, J. (2021 a) Most trumpet moths don't feed on plants of the nettle family but Paratischeria does: the first discovery of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) on Urticaceae in Asia. Zootaxa, 5040 (2), 247 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5040.2.5" type="journal article" year="2021">2021a</bibRefCitation>
). Valva slender to moderately wide, sometimes with a basal lobe; basal process of valva unusually very long. Transtilla and juxta absent. Anellus membranous, caudally slightly angular, bilobed, laterally with a few lateral chetae. Vinculum usually long or medium long, with a widely rounded triangular (occasionally band-like) ventral plate. Phallus slender, rod-like, basally usually expanded (with lateral projections at the base), apically divided, with two-four spines or without, rarely apically complex, additionally with four slender lateral lobes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E80636FEFFAEFFEA98CE5C4CFE10933D" blockId="93.[151,1437,325,1936]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA98CE5C4CFE5091AA" bold="true" box="[199,406,1405,1432]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Ovipositor lobes large to very large; the gap between ovipositor lobes wide; second pair of ovipositor lobes usually two–three times smaller in comparison to main ovipositor lobes; lateral lobes short, indistinctive.Anterior apophyses often almost equal in length with posterior apophyses, or slightly shorter, or longer. Prela with three pairs of relatively long rod-like projections; membrane between inner prela longitudinally folded; caudal sclerite with a distinctive slender and pointed caudal spine, otherwise, indistinctive, weakly thickened. Antrum absent. Accessory sac either absent or small and slender; ductus spermathecae short and slender, with usually 2–3 small coils; there are at least two exceptions known: a short ductus spermathecae with 10–12 large coils and a long ductus spermathecae with about 18 large coils; vesicle usually plate-like, irregularly rounded. Corpus bursae long, gradually narrowing towards caudal end or usually with a slender, short to very long “neck”; pectinations of main body of corpus bursae absent, but occasionally there are indistinctive tiny spines on slender “neck” of the corpus bursae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E80636FEFFAEFFEA98CE5E3BFCE593AD" blockId="93.[151,1437,325,1936]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA98CE5E3BFE85931E" bold="true" box="[199,323,1801,1827]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Bionomics</emphasis>
. The genus is trophically associated with
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9B3B5E38FC6C9319" box="[818,938,1802,1828]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA9BE15E38FBA79319" box="[1000,1121,1802,1828]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
host plants. Leaf mines of
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFAEFFEA989E5E1CFEF79375" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,305,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFAEFFEA989E5E1CFEF79375" box="[151,305,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Paratischeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are irregular blotch-like, sometimes elongated and with short, but relatively wide, lateral galleries; frass absent or very little sparsely deposited; a nidus is usually not rounded but elongated or indistinctive, invisible (larvae usually hiding under larger veins in the leaf mine).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="BCC66676FFADFFE9989E5E58FA9093C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261299/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" startId="94.[151,262,1898,1922]" targetBox="[160,1428,171,1884]" targetPageId="94" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E80636FEFFADFFE9989E5E58FA9093C5" blockId="94.[151,1437,1898,2040]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFADFFE9989E5E58FEAC93BF" bold="true" box="[151,362,1898,1922]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">FIGURES 411–416.</emphasis>
Details of male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFADFFE99A995E59FC8A93BF" box="[656,844,1899,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFADFFE99A995E59FCDC93BE" box="[656,794,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Paratischeria</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
411,
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFADFFE99B8C5E59FB0093BE" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[901,1222,1899,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boehmerica">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFADFFE99B8C5E59FBD393BE" box="[901,1045,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. boehmerica</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
, uncus, tegumen and dorsal plate, lateral view, holotype, slide no. AD1055 (MfN); 412,
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFADFFE99B315EBBFB87939D" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[824,1089,1928,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossa">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFADFFE99B315EBBFC55939D" box="[824,915,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. grossa</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
, uncus, tegumen, and dorsal plate, ventral view, paratype, slide no. AD1037 (MfN); 413, same, capsule, holotype, slide no. AD1066 (MfN) (after
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFADFFE99CDE5E97FA579380" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Monro, A. K. &amp; Dai, X. &amp; Xu, J." box="[1239,1425,1957,1981]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="247 - 264" refId="ref50859" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Monro, A. K., Dai, X. &amp; Xu, J. (2021 a) Most trumpet moths don't feed on plants of the nettle family but Paratischeria does: the first discovery of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) on Urticaceae in Asia. Zootaxa, 5040 (2), 247 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5040.2.5" type="journal article" year="2021">
Stonis
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFADFFE99D135E94FA8A9380" box="[1306,1356,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al.</emphasis>
2021a
</bibRefCitation>
); 414,
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFADFFE998C05EF1FE3193E6" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis NEPTI" authorityYear="2017" box="[201,503,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFADFFE998C05EF1FE8D93E6" box="[201,331,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. ferruginea</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal plate and vinculum, paratype, slide no. AD842 (ZMUC); 415, same, phallus, slide no. AD867 (ZMUC); 416,
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFADFFE999895ED3FD5393C5" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[384,661,2016,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFADFFE999895ED3FE2193C5" box="[384,487,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P. fasciata</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
, phallus, holotype, slide no. AD868 (ZMUC) (after
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFADFFE99C975ED2FA9693C5" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K." box="[1182,1360,2016,2040]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref50942" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K. (2017) Urticaceae-feeders from the family Tischeriidae: descriptions of two new species and new genus Paratischeria gen. nov. Biologija, 63 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.6001 / biologija. v 63 i 1.3470" type="journal article" year="2017">
Stonis
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFADFFE99CEA5ED3FAD693C5" box="[1251,1296,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="A0A36575FFACFFE898CE59A4FDE99624" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="E80636FEFFACFFE898CE59A4FA98957C" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE898CE59A4FCC3948D" bold="true" box="[199,773,150,177]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Species diversity and geographical distribution.</emphasis>
The genus occurs in the tropical biome of South America (from
<collectingCountry id="90AE766EFFACFFE898D75989FEFD94E8" box="[222,315,187,213]" name="Ecuador" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="90AE766EFFACFFE899695989FE7194E8" box="[352,439,187,213]" name="Bolivia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
), equatorial Africa, and South and South
<collectingCountry id="90AE766EFFACFFE89B8E5989FC2994E8" box="[903,1007,187,213]" name="China" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">East Asia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="90AE766EFFACFFE89BF65989FBFB94E8" box="[1023,1085,187,213]" name="India" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90AE766EFFACFFE89C415989FBB894E8" box="[1096,1150,187,213]" name="Laos" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Laos</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="90AE766EFFACFFE89CBC5989FADF94E8" box="[1205,1305,187,213]" name="Vietnam" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
). Currently, the genus is comprised of six species: South American
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFACFFE89B0B59EDFBFF94C4" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[770,1081,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE89B0B59EDFCB194C4" box="[770,887,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">P. fasciata</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFACFFE89C4D59EDFA5E94C4" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis NEPTI" authorityYear="2017" box="[1092,1432,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE89C4D59EDFB1094C4" box="[1092,1238,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">P. ferruginea</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
, the equatorial African
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFACFFE8999B5831FC699520" authority="(Ghesquiere) (Stonis et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Ghesquiere" box="[402,943,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urticicolella">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE8999B5831FDF09520" box="[402,566,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">P. urticicolella</emphasis>
(Ghesquière) (
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFACFFE89AD75831FC619520" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K." box="[734,935,259,285]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref50942" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Paulaviciute, B. &amp; Monro, A. K. (2017) Urticaceae-feeders from the family Tischeriidae: descriptions of two new species and new genus Paratischeria gen. nov. Biologija, 63 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.6001 / biologija. v 63 i 1.3470" type="journal article" year="2017">
Stonis
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE89B255831FC989520" box="[812,862,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, South Asian
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFACFFE89C405831FF1D957C" authority="(Meyrick) (Xu et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hestias">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE89C405831FB759520" box="[1097,1203,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">P. hestias</emphasis>
(Meyrick) (
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFACFFE89D335831FF15957C" author="Xu, J. &amp; Dai, X. &amp; Liu, P. &amp; Bai, H. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Stonis, J. R." pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="331 - 344" refId="ref53152" refString="Xu, J., Dai, X., Liu, P., Bai, H., Diskus, A. &amp; Stonis, J. R. (2017) First report on Paratischeria from Asia (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae). Zootaxa, 4350 (2), 331 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4350.2.8" type="journal article" year="2017">
Xu
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE89D6D5831FA539520" box="[1380,1429,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and South East Asian
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFACFFE899D55815FCF8957C" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[476,830,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boehmerica">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE899D55815FDBA957C" box="[476,636,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">P. boehmerica</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFACFFE89B405815FA9C957C" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis (Stonis et al. 2021 a)" box="[841,1370,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossa">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE89B405815FC68957D" box="[841,942,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">P. grossa</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis (
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFACFFE89C725815FA94957C" author="Stonis, J. R. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Monro, A. K. &amp; Dai, X. &amp; Xu, J." box="[1147,1362,295,321]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="247 - 264" refId="ref50859" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Monro, A. K., Dai, X. &amp; Xu, J. (2021 a) Most trumpet moths don't feed on plants of the nettle family but Paratischeria does: the first discovery of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) on Urticaceae in Asia. Zootaxa, 5040 (2), 247 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5040.2.5" type="journal article" year="2021">
Stonis
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE89CC35815FB3D957C" box="[1226,1275,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2021a
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E80636FEFFACFFE898CE5879FDE99624" blockId="95.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
According to the currently available data,
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFACFFE89AA35879FCD39558" box="[682,789,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Paratischeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hestias">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE89AA35879FCD39558" box="[682,789,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">P. hestias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the broadest distribution; this species was originally described from India (
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFACFFE89990585DFD8895B4" author="Meyrick, E." box="[409,590,366,393]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="353 - 384" refId="ref49392" refString="Meyrick, E. (1915 b) s. n. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 1 (12), 353 - 384. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 39853 # page / 408 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1915">Meyrick 1915b</bibRefCitation>
), was recently found in northern Vietnam (
<bibRefCitation id="8C284B0FFFACFFE89C4E585DFB3195B4" author="Xu, J. &amp; Dai, X. &amp; Liu, P. &amp; Bai, H. &amp; Diskus, A. &amp; Stonis, J. R." box="[1095,1271,367,393]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="331 - 344" refId="ref53152" refString="Xu, J., Dai, X., Liu, P., Bai, H., Diskus, A. &amp; Stonis, J. R. (2017) First report on Paratischeria from Asia (Lepidoptera: Tischeriidae). Zootaxa, 4350 (2), 331 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4350.2.8" type="journal article" year="2017">
Xu
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE89C7C585DFB6C95B4" box="[1141,1194,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
), and here we provide new data from Laos: 1 Ô,
<specimenCount id="FEBFFD77FFACFFE89A2558A1FD9F9590" box="[556,601,403,429]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="90AE766EFFACFFE89A6358A1FD719590" box="[618,695,403,429]" name="Laos" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">LAOS</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="2A7DF81CFFACFFE89ACD58A1FC7E9590" box="[708,952,403,429]" country="Laos" name="Louangphabang" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Luang Prabang Prov.</collectingRegion>
, Nong Khiaw,
<geoCoordinate id="8D8D5039FFACFFE89C6E58A1FB359590" box="[1127,1267,403,429]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="15" seconds="33" value="20.6425">20°38’33”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8D8D5039FFACFFE89D0858A1FA5E9590" box="[1281,1432,403,429]" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" precision="15" seconds="30" value="102.674995">102°40’30”E</geoCoordinate>
, elevation
<quantity id="2F419B1BFFACFFE8990F5885FE8995EC" box="[262,335,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="480.0">480 m</quantity>
, mining larva on
<taxonomicName id="2FB94D7DFFACFFE89A1F5885FD7795EC" box="[534,689,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Helicteres" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="DACDEAECFFACFFE89A1F5885FD4E95EC" box="[534,648,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Helicteres</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="9C07103EFFACFFE89AB75885FCF495EC" box="[702,818,439,465]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2020-02-11">11.ii.2020</date>
, field card no. 5325, leg. A. Diškus, genitalia slide nos AD1116Ô, AD1114
<specimenCount id="FEBFFD77FFACFFE8998958E9FE4B95C8" box="[384,397,475,501]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(MfN); 1 Ô, same label data, genitalia slide no. AD1101Ô (from adult in pupal skin, no pinned specimen preserved) (GNU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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