464 lines
38 KiB
XML
464 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348" ID-PMC="PMC4856908" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-62-113" ID-Pensoft-UUID="050EFFB2B0695065FF90613CFFD7FFF4" ID-PubMed="27212887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576368" ModsDocID="1314-2003-62-113" checkinTime="1460814327255" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Clark, Vincent Ralph, Bentley, Joanne, Dold, Anthony P., Zikishe, Vathiswa & Barker, Nigel P." docDate="2016" docId="C01D75CD4A4722EEC4BC67BA2D1C86BC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 62: 113-124" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 62" docPubDate="2016-04-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348" docTitle="Macowania revoluta Oliv." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="050EFFB2B0695065FF90613CFFD7FFF4" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="050EFFB2B0695065FF90613CFFD7FFF4" masterDocTitle="The rediscovery of the Great Winterberg endemic Lotononis harveyi B. - E. van Wyk after 147 years, and notes on the poorly known Amathole endemic Macowania revoluta Oliv. (southern Great Escarpment, South Africa)" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="115" updateTime="1668141668108" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The rediscovery of the Great Winterberg endemic Lotononis harveyi B. - E. van Wyk after 147 years, and notes on the poorly known Amathole endemic Macowania revoluta Oliv. (southern Great Escarpment, South Africa)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Clark, Vincent Ralph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Great Escarpment Biodiversity Programme, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">vincentralph.clark@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bentley, Joanne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dold, Anthony P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zikishe, Vathiswa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>South African National Biodiversity Institute, Threatened Plants Programme, c / o Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Barker, Nigel P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Great Escarpment Biodiversity Programme, School of Plant & Crops Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-04-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>62</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>113</mods:start>
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<mods:end>124</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-62-113</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">050EFFB2B0695065FF90613CFFD7FFF4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576368</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="systematic">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127896603" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C01D75CD4A4722EEC4BC67BA2D1C86BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C01D75CD4A4722EEC4BC67BA2D1C86BC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C01D75CD-4A47-22EE-C4BC-67BA2D1C86BC" authority="Oliv." authorityName="Oliv." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania revoluta" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">Macowania revoluta Oliv.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Localities of Lotononis harveyi B. - E. van Wyk and Macowania revoluta Oliv. in the Great Winterberg-Amatholes, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Cartography by J. Bentley." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/85202" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 2" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Plate 2. The poorly known Great Winterberg-Amatholes endemic Macowania revoluta Oliv. A a capitulum showing the distinctive dark involucral bract margins (Bentley J 1) B shrubby, candelabra growth-habit (above Wolf River Main Forest along the Amathole Hiking Trail, specimen not collected) C detail of flowering stem (Bentley J 1) D young plant showing ruderal tendencies (Clark VR 451). Photographs by C. McKune (A), V. R. Clark (B, D) and N. Bergh (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348.plate2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/85203" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">; Plate 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="116" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania revoluta" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Macowania revoluta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the type species of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Macowania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, was first collected by Peter MacOwan in the eastern part of the Amatholes sometime prior to 1870 and described by Daniel Oliver in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Icones Plantarum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, JD" journalOrPublisher="Icones Plantarum" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" pagination="49 - 50" refId="B10" refString="Hooker, JD, 1867-1871. Plate 1062, Macowania revoluta Oliv., Compositae. Icones Plantarum 11: 49 - 50" title="Plate 1062, Macowania revoluta Oliv., Compositae." volume="11" year="1867 - 1871">Hooker 1867-1871</bibRefCitation>
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). This almost exclusively southern African genus was later revised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, CA" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" pagination="348 - 350" publicationUrl="10.4102/abc.v2i1.1766" refId="B16" refString="Smith, CA, 1927. The genus Macowania, Oliv. Bothalia 2: 348 - 350, DOI: 10.4102/abc.v2i1.1766" title="The genus Macowania, Oliv." url="10.4102/abc.v2i1.1766" volume="2" year="1927">Smith (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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. Relatively few collections of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania revoluta" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Macowania revoluta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exist (most specimens being repeat collections by a few historical collectors, see below).
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<bibRefCitation author="Raimondo, D" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" refId="B13" refString="Raimondo, D, 2008. Macowania revoluta Oliv. In: National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2014.1." title="Macowania revoluta Oliv." volumeTitle="National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2014.1." year="2008">Raimondo (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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indicates that this species had not been re-collected since before 1949, although herbarium investigations by JB indicate that there is one collection from 1976 (albeit with virtually no other data).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
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The first concrete records of this
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<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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continued existence was a collection in July 2010 by JB and Nicola Bergh (Compton Herbarium) in the vicinity of Keiskammahoek (Locality 1 - the closest record to the type locality), followed by a second specimen in October 2010 by APD near the Madonna & Child Waterfall in Hogsback (Locality 2). Following this, in December 2014, the species was found by VRC to be abundant in the central Amathole mountains along the Amatola Hiking Trail (Localities 3-5). In March 2015 another plant was recorded by VZ from Isidenge State Forest on the road to Evelyn Hut (one of the overnight huts on the Amatola Hiking Trail; Locality 6).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980153" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348.plate2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/85203" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" start="Plate 2" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Plate 2.</emphasis>
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The poorly known Great Winterberg-Amatholes endemic
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania revoluta" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Macowania revoluta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Oliv.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">A</emphasis>
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a capitulum showing the distinctive dark involucral bract margins (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Bentley J 1</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">B</emphasis>
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shrubby, candelabra growth-habit (above Wolf River Main Forest along the Amathole Hiking Trail, specimen not collected)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
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detail of flowering stem (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Bentley J 1</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">D</emphasis>
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young plant showing ruderal tendencies (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Clark VR 451</emphasis>
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). Photographs by C. McKune (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">A</emphasis>
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), V.R. Clark (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">B</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">D</emphasis>
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) and N. Bergh (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="key characters confirming rediscovery">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Key characters confirming rediscovery.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="116">The plant is typically an erect, candelabra-like shrub 50 cm to three metres tall, but often lax and weedy when small. The leaves are distinctly linear, dark green, sticky glandular and sweetly aromatic with strongly revolute margins (hence its specific name) and a raised abaxial midrib. Both disc and ray florets are yellow, with the ray floret petals rounded upwards. The involucre is bell-shaped with distinctly long bracts; the margins are strikingly dark-brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
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Another species endemic to the GWA,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Arrowsmithia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arrowsmithia styphelioides" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="styphelioides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Arrowsmithia styphelioides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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- earlier believed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilliard, OM" journalOrPublisher="Notes from the Royal Botanical Gardens Edinburgh" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" pagination="230 - 233" refId="B9" refString="Hilliard, OM, Burtt, B, 1985. Notes on some plants of southern Africa. Notes from the Royal Botanical Gardens Edinburgh 42: 230 - 233" title="Notes on some plants of southern Africa." volume="42" year="1985">Hilliard and Burtt (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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to be closely affiliated to
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Macowania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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- has since been
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="117" start="start">found</pageBreakToken>
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by recent phylogenetic analysis to be nested within
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Macowania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as sister to
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania revoluta" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Macowania revoluta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Bentley, J" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="120" publicationUrl="10.1186/1471-2148-14-27" refId="B1" refString="Bentley, J, Verboom, GA, Bergh, NG, 2014. Erosive processes after tectonic uplift stimulate vicariant and adaptive speciation: evolution in an Afrotemperate-endemic paper daisy genus. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-27" title="Erosive processes after tectonic uplift stimulate vicariant and adaptive speciation: evolution in an Afrotemperate-endemic paper daisy genus." url="10.1186/1471-2148-14-27" volume="14" year="2014">Bentley et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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; the taxonomic revision is currently in progress).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Arrowsmithia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arrowsmithia styphelioides" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="styphelioides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Arrowsmithia styphelioides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs in its sharply acuminate, ovate leaves, absence of the raised abaxial midrib, as well as in several features of the reproductive organs. Otherwise, no
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="118" start="start">other</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Macowania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are currently known from the GWA (
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, VR" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" pagination="159 - 174" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.008" refId="B5" refString="Clark, VR, Dold, AP, McMaster, C, McGregor, G, Bredenkamp, C, Barker, NP, 2014. Rich Sister, Poor Cousin: Plant Diversity and Endemism in the Great Winterberg-Amatholes (Great Escarpment, Eastern Cape, South Africa). South African Journal of Botany 92: 159 - 174, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.008" title="Rich Sister, Poor Cousin: Plant Diversity and Endemism in the Great Winterberg-Amatholes (Great Escarpment, Eastern Cape, South Africa)." url="10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.008" volume="92" year="2014">Clark et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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), with the next closest known population of another species (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania pulvinaris" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulvinaris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Macowania pulvinaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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N.E.Br.) being on the Andriesberg, 115 km to the north.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="population assessment">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Population assessment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
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At Locality 1,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania revoluta" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Macowania revoluta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was found to be locally abundant, with plants in excess of one meter in height and forming the dominant species. Only one plant was noted at Locality 2, growing on the edges of a derelict
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus patula" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="patula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Pinus patula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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plantation and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="De Wild" authorityYear="1925" class="Equisetopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia mearnsii" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="mearnsii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Acacia mearnsii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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De Wild. invasions. Locality 3 contained about 20 plants, 0.5-1 m tall, with two in flower and many others in seed. Locality 4 comprised a large colony (ca. 50 m
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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100 m in extent) with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania revoluta" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Macowania revoluta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(1-3 m tall) forming the dominant species; many were in flower. Locality 5 consisted of a dense but small colony (1-3 m tall) covering ca. 50 m
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10 m; also with many in flower. Only one plant was located at Locality 6, and was not in flower.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="habitat and ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
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Based on the information on the type material,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, VR" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" pagination="159 - 174" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.008" refId="B5" refString="Clark, VR, Dold, AP, McMaster, C, McGregor, G, Bredenkamp, C, Barker, NP, 2014. Rich Sister, Poor Cousin: Plant Diversity and Endemism in the Great Winterberg-Amatholes (Great Escarpment, Eastern Cape, South Africa). South African Journal of Botany 92: 159 - 174, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.008" title="Rich Sister, Poor Cousin: Plant Diversity and Endemism in the Great Winterberg-Amatholes (Great Escarpment, Eastern Cape, South Africa)." url="10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.008" volume="92" year="2014">Clark et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that this species should be looked for along forest edge and in adjacent grassland. This was a good deduction, as the plants form dense colonies on wet scarp slopes, on cliff-tops, on the margins of indigenous forests, and on the edges of pine plantations and alien thickets.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania revoluta" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Macowania revoluta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally prefers wet areas, and can form the dominant component of mountain fynbos in suitable habitat, co-occurring with various
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eudicots" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Erica" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Erica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Pelargonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pelargonium cordifolium" order="Geraniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cordifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Pelargonium cordifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cav.) Curtis,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Psoralea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psoralea glabra" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Psoralea glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
E.Mey.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(L.) Kuhn subsp. aquilinum" class="Pteridopsida" family="Hypolepidaceae" genus="Pteridium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pteridium aquilinum subsp. aquilinum" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="aquilinum" subSpecies="aquilinum">Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. aquilinum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus rigidus" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Rubus rigidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Widdringtonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Widdringtonia nodiflora" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Widdringtonia nodiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Powrie.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="conservation status and threats">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Conservation status and threats.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania revoluta" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Macowania revoluta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently listed as Data Deficient (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Raimondo, D" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="8" pageNumber="121" refId="B13" refString="Raimondo, D, 2008. Macowania revoluta Oliv. In: National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2014.1." title="Macowania revoluta Oliv." volumeTitle="National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2014.1." year="2008">Raimondo 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but is obviously much more common than previously thought. Despite the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
local abundance, its ruderal tendencies, and being somewhat tolerant of less dense alien vegetation, it is (mostly) known from one quarter degree grid on a small mountain range that is under severe pressure from woody alien invasive species (notably
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia dealbata" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="dealbata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Acacia dealbata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Link,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Wild" authorityYear="1925" class="Equisetopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia mearnsii" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="mearnsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Acacia mearnsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia melanoxylon" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="melanoxylon">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Acacia melanoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
R.Br. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus patula" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="patula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Pinus patula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Furthermore, the potential impacts of climate change on this (and other local montane endemics) is currently unknown. Also,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="it’s">it's</normalizedToken>
|
||
response to fire (and autecology in general) is unknown and requires investigation. Accordingly we recommend the status
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Rare’">'Rare'</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="recommended areas for further exploration">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Recommended areas for further exploration.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Macowania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macowania revoluta" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Macowania revoluta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
potentially occurs anywhere along the wet southern scarp of the Amathole Mountains, between Katberg Pass and Stutterheim. So far it has not been recorded on the adjacent Great Winterberg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="historical collections and localities">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Historical collections and localities</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
(a selection of these is mapped in Figure
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Localities of Lotononis harveyi B. - E. van Wyk and Macowania revoluta Oliv. in the Great Winterberg-Amatholes, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Cartography by J. Bentley." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.8348.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/85202" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA & 3227CD, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): rocky summit of Pirie Mountain, Buffelsrivier, Kaffraria (label detail differs among the duplicates). October 1887 (this date on the GRA specimen is a bit of an enigma, as it post-dates the species description).
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Macowan P 2013</emphasis>
|
||
(BOL, E, GH, GRA, K, NYBG, P, PRE; type specimens).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): summit of Pirie mountains, Kaffraria. 1200 m (4000'), October 1884.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Leighton (J?) 225</emphasis>
|
||
(GRA, NBG, PRE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="119" start="start">-</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): summit of Mount Pirie. May 1887.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Tyson W 2935</emphasis>
|
||
(PRE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): Perie (=Pirie), Kaffraria. August 1892.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Sim TR s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(BOL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): Pirie. 1200 m (4000'), September 1892.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Sim TR 3283</emphasis>
|
||
(NU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): Summit of Perie (=Pirie). 900 m (3000'), November 1893.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Flanagan HG 2144</emphasis>
|
||
(GRA, BOL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): Summit of Perie (=Pirie) mountains. 11th September 1901.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Galpin EE 5930</emphasis>
|
||
(PRE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3226DB, Amathole Mountains (Victoria East): Hogsback, common in scrub. January 1920.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Rattray G 304</emphasis>
|
||
(GRA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (Keiskammahoek): Wolf River Plateau, forest margins in scrub. 29th October 1921.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Stayner FJ 28</emphasis>
|
||
(GRA, PRE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3226DB, Amathole Mountains (Cathcart): Hogsback. September 1925.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Pole Evans IB 1748</emphasis>
|
||
(PRE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3226DB, Amathole Mountains (Stockenstrom): hillside above forest at Hogsback. 28th October 1946.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Esterhuyse E 13,249</emphasis>
|
||
(BOL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): Wolf Ridge, Hogsback. 1200 m (4000'), 10th September 1947.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Story R 3119</emphasis>
|
||
(GRA, PRE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (Keiskammahoek): Wolf River Forest. 18th September 1947.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Dyer RA 104</emphasis>
|
||
(GRA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (Keiskammahoek): Gwili-Gwili Mountain, old military road to Evelyn Valley. 25th April 1949.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Story R 3797</emphasis>
|
||
(PRE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (Keiskammahoek): No details. 1976.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Gibbs Russell s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(NU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): summit of Mount Pirie. No date.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Macowan P 9053</emphasis>
|
||
(PRE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3226BC, Katberg (Fort Beaufort): no details. No date.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Macowan P s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(PRE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): Pirie. November, no year.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Sim TR 1029</emphasis>
|
||
(PRE).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (King Williams Town): Pirie. No date.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Sim TR 3130</emphasis>
|
||
(NU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" type="recent collections and localities">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Recent collections and localities.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (Stutterheim): between isiDengi Forest Station and Evelyn Valley Forestry Station.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-32.725555">32°43'32"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="27.241667">27°14'30"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1208 m, 27th July 2010.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Bentley J 1 & 5</emphasis>
|
||
(NBG) (=
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Locality 1</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3226DB, Amathole Mountains (Cathcart): above Madonna & Child Waterfall, Hogsback,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-32.6075">32°36'27"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="26.963057">26°57'47"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1106 m, 7th October 2010.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Dold T 15,010</emphasis>
|
||
(GRA) (=
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Locality 2</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="120" start="start">-</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (Stutterheim): about one kilometre from Dontsa Hut on the Amatola Hiking Trail (Day 2 from Maden Dam side): in an earth road drain on the edge of a pine plantation next to a forestry road.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-32.59611">32°35'46"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="27.224722">27°13'29"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 948 m, 3rd December 2014.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Clark VR 450</emphasis>
|
||
(GRA) (=
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Locality 3</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (Stutterheim): about five kilometres from Dontsa Hut towards Cata Hut on the Amatola Hiking Trail (Day 3 from Maden Dam side): montane fynbos and streams banks.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-32.577778">32°34'40"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="27.175278">27°10'31"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1371 m, 4th December 2014.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Clark VR 451</emphasis>
|
||
(GRA) (=
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Locality 4</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (Stutterheim): along the Amatola Hiking Trail towards Zingcuka Hut (Day 5 from Maden Dam side): along a cliff top above Wolf River Main Forest.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-32.567497">32°34'03"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="04" value="27.084446">27°05'04"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1259 m, 6th December 2014 (=
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Locality 5; only photographs were taken, by VRC</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="120">
|
||
-Eastern Cape Province, 3227CA, Amathole Mountains (Stutterheim): from Isidenge State Forest on the road to Evelyn Hut.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-32.724724">32°43'29"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="27.243612">27°14'37"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1198 m, 15th April 2015. (=
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="120">Locality 6; only photographs were taken, by VZ</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |