243 lines
20 KiB
XML
243 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.30.6147" ID-PMC="PMC3881355" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-30-33" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D914FFF0FFC8FF9C2C0A744BED3DFFF7" ID-PubMed="24399899" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576187" ModsDocID="1314-2003-30-33" checkinTime="1451251802241" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wagner, Warren L., Wagner, Anthony J. & Lorence, David H." docDate="2013" docId="B419556ED5F5F8157BF92784DA46BE24" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 30: 33-64" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 30" docPubDate="2013-11-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.30.6147" docTitle="Cyrtandra thibaultii Fosberg & Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 28. 1981." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="D914FFF0FFC8FF9C2C0A744BED3DFFF7" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="D914FFF0FFC8FF9C2C0A744BED3DFFF7" masterDocTitle="Revision of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Marquesas Islands" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1668140974741" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Marquesas Islands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wagner, Warren L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wagnerw@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wagner, Anthony J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, HI 96741 - 9599, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-11-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>33</mods:start>
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<mods:end>64</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.30.6147</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.30.6147</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-30-33</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D914FFF0FFC8FF9C2C0A744BED3DFFF7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576187</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B419556ED5F5F8157BF92784DA46BE24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B419556ED5F5F8157BF92784DA46BE24" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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3.
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<taxonomicName LSID="B419556E-D5F5-F815-7BF9-2784DA46BE24" authority="Fosberg & Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 28. 1981." authorityName="Fosberg & Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 28. 1981." class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyrtandra thibaultii" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="thibaultii">Cyrtandra thibaultii Fosberg & Sachet, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 47: 28. 1981.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Cyrtandra thibualtii Fosberg & Sachet A Habit, S. Perlman et al 10095 (PTBG) B Flower, lateral view C Corolla, longitudinal section. Drawn from Perlman et al 10095 (US) and field images." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10496" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Marquesas Islands: Nuku Hiva: Tovii, 850-900 m, 9 July 1975, J.-C.Thibault 134 (holotype: US-02969235!; isotype: US!).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
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Shrubs 2-5 m. Leaves opposite, borne on upper 4-8 nodes, oblong-elliptic to elliptic, 16-29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6.5-13 cm, upper surface glabrate or ferruginous pubescent on veins, lower surface densely or moderately ferruginous pubescent, apex acuminate,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="41" start="start">base</pageBreakToken>
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cuneate, petioles 2-6 cm long, appressed ferruginous pubescent. Flowers in open, loose cymes, 14-30 cm long, arising in the upper leaf axils, appressed ferruginous pubescent, peduncle 80-90 mm long, ca. 1-2 mm in diameter, pedicels 10-15 mm, elongating to 25-30 mm in fruit, bracts triangular, ca. 6-11 mm; calyx cylindrical-ellipsoid, pale green, plicate, 25-45 mm long, appressed ferruginous pubescent, lobes 5-17 mm long, deciduous after anthesis; corolla funnelform, tube 25-50 mm long, lobes about 15-20 mm long; style 10 mm long, appressed to spreading pubescent. Berry fusiform, ca. 45 mm long. Seeds broadly elliptic or ovoid, 0.3-0.4 mm long, reticulate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Marquesas Islands, scattered, on Nuku Hiva from the Toovii Plateau to Mt. Ooumu, and on Ua Pou from Oave, Teavahaakiti, and Pouakei, from 700 to 1050 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="thibaultii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Cyrtandra thibaultii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="collina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Metrosideros collina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forest Brown" authorityYear="1935" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="marquesana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Weinmannia marquesana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="B. C. Stone" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Hombr. & Jacquinot ex Decne." class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Freycinetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pandanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="impavida">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Freycinetia impavida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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forest with an association with diverse shrubs and trees such as species of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Cheirodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Cheirodendron</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Rosopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coprosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Coprosma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Crossostylis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Crossostylis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Hernandiaceae" genus="Hernandia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Hernandia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aquifoliaceae" genus="Ilex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Ilex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rutales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Melicope</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psychotria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Psychotria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Trimenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Trimenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Flacourtiaceae" genus="Xylosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Xylosma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Conservation Status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
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IUCN Red List Category: Endangered EN B1ab (i,ii,iii) + 2 ab (i,ii,iii). B2: total area of occupancy less than 5000 km2 (ca. 445 km2). B1a, severely fragmented; B1b (i-iii), habitat continuing decline inferred. The suitable habitat for
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<taxonomicName genus="Cyrtandrathibaultii" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Cyrtandrathibaultii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on Nuku Hiva (ca. 340 km2) and Ua Pou (ca. 105 km2), is restricted to mountain slopes and summits, indicated as an endangered environment that is threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest (
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<bibRefCitation author="Florence, J" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="24" pageNumber="57" pagination="226 - 237" refId="B8" refString="Florence, J, Lorence, DH, 1997. Introduction to the flora and vegetation of the Marquesas Islands. Allertonia 7: 226 - 237" title="Introduction to the flora and vegetation of the Marquesas Islands." volume="7" year="1997">Florence and Lorence 1997</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Mueller-Dombois, D" journalOrPublisher="Springer, New York" pageId="24" pageNumber="57" pagination="444 - 460" refId="B14" refString="Mueller-Dombois, D, Fosberg, FR, 1998. Marquesas. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. Springer, New York: 444 - 460" title="Marquesas. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands." year="1998">Mueller-Dombois and Fosberg 1998</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, J-Y" editor="Gillespie, RG" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="24" pageNumber="57" pagination="332 - 338" refId="B13" refString="Meyer, J-Y, Salvat, B, 2009. French Polynesia, Biology. In: Gillespie, RG, Clague, DA, Eds., Encyclopedia of Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley: 332 - 338" title="French Polynesia, Biology." volumeTitle="Encyclopedia of Islands." year="2009">Meyer and Salvat 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Specimens Examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Marquesas Islands. Nuku Hiva:</emphasis>
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Toovii Valley, 3 July 1970, Gillett 2156 (BISH, US);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
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de montagne
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<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’ouest">l'ouest</normalizedToken>
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de Toovii, 2 March 1973,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hallé">Halle</normalizedToken>
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2064 (US); Toovii region, NW of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Economie">l'Economie</normalizedToken>
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Rurale complex along new road to airport over flanking mountains, 1020-1030 m, 3 August 1988, Lorence, Wagner, Montgomery, Florence & Bishop 6268 (PAP); Toovii,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="épaulement">epaulement</normalizedToken>
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S du Mt. Ooumu, 880 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.85">8°51'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="west" minutes="8" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-140.13333">140°8'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 December 1982, Florence 4232 (BISH [2], K, NY, P, US); Toovii, vallon du
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<normalizedToken originalValue="réservoir">reservoir</normalizedToken>
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, 830 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.866667">8°52'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="west" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-140.15">140°9'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 26 May 1984, Florence 6737 (BISH [2]); Toovii Plateau, spur of Mt. Ooumu, 790 m, 16 July 1977,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gagné">Gagne</normalizedToken>
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1048 (BISH, US); W part of Toovii, along new road W of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Economie">l'Economie</normalizedToken>
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Rurale, 1170 m, 16 July 1988, Wagner, Lorence, Florence & Perlman 6096 (BISH, P, US) & 6097 (BISH, MO, US); Toovii Plateau,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Economie">l'Economie</normalizedToken>
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Rurale, along new road, 994 m, 16 July 1988, Perlman, Wagner, Lorence & Florence 10095 (BISH, PTBG, US); Toovii, N of agriculture station, along drainage and up to ridge, 808 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="8.6" value="-8.835722">8°50'8.6"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="west" minutes="8" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="6.8" value="-140.13522">140°8'6.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 22 June 1997, Wood & Meyer 6325 (MPU, P, PAP, PTBG, US, WU), Wood & Meyer 6325-A (PTBG); between Taiohae Bay and Hooumi Bay,>700 m, 20 July 1977,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gagné">Gagne</normalizedToken>
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1150 (BISH, US); S of Airport road, drainages of Tapueahu gulch, to NW of Toovii over summit crest, 963 m, 21 September 1995, Perlman & Wood 15020 (BISH, MO, P, PAP, PTBG, US, WU).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Ua Pou:</emphasis>
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Vallon en contrebas de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="crête">crete</normalizedToken>
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reliant Poumaka et la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="crête">crete</normalizedToken>
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sommitale Oave-Teavahaakiti, 750 m, 22 July 2003, Meyer 2541 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Pou Maka, ridge between Pou Maka and
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="42" start="start">Oave</pageBreakToken>
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, 792 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="7.7" value="-9.385472">9°23'7.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="west" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-140.06667">140°4'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 22 July 2005, Perlman 19730 (P, PAP, PTBG, US); forested ridge and slopes up to Pouakei, northwest side, 930 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.4">9°24'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="west" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-140.08333">140°5'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 21 Nov 2003, Wood 10428 (PTBG, US); forested ridge and slopes up to Teavahaakiti, northwest side, 914 m, 24 Nov 2003, Wood 10449 (PTBG, US).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
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The sample used (Wood 10428) in the molecular study by
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, JR" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="24" pageNumber="57" pagination="982 - 994" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.002" refId="B6" refString="Clark, JR, Wagner, WL, Roalson, EH, 2009. Patterns of diversification and ancestral range reconstruction in the Southeast Asian-Pacific angiosperm lineage Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae). Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 53: 982 - 994, 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.002" title="Patterns of diversification and ancestral range reconstruction in the Southeast Asian-Pacific angiosperm lineage Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.002" volume="53" year="2009">Clark et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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was identified as
|
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nukuhivensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Cyrtandra nukuhivensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but during this taxonomic revision it was re-identified as the closely related
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="thilbaultii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Cyrtandra thilbaultii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10496" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Cyrtandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="thibualtii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Cyrtandra thibualtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fosberg & Sachet
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">A</emphasis>
|
||
Habit, S. Perlman et al 10095 (PTBG)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
Flower, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">C</emphasis>
|
||
Corolla, longitudinal section. Drawn from Perlman et al 10095 (US) and field images.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |