379 lines
43 KiB
XML
379 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.880.32810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4259d046-58b3-4a83-b76f-1880ee51b8d1" ID-PMC="PMC6803357" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-880-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E55FD13BE3335AB19EED10E036E9ABD5" ID-PubMed="31649481" ID-ZooBank="EFFE7128E4A242F684CE0BDDD5E0A447" ModsDocID="1313-2970-880-43" checkinTime="1571094687158" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jiang, Zhen, Liu, Jianing & Qin, Daozheng" docDate="2019" docId="5804BA4F6A425552B3FD23F12459D9A2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 880: 43-59" docOrigin="ZooKeys 880" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.880.32810" docTitle="Pochazia shantungensis Chou & Lu 1977" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E55FD13BE3335AB19EED10E036E9ABD5" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="E55FD13BE3335AB19EED10E036E9ABD5" masterDocTitle="Sperm ultrastructure of Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu) and Ricania speculum (Walker) (Hemiptera, Ricaniidae) with phylogenetic implications" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668167882465" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Sperm ultrastructure of Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu) and Ricania speculum (Walker) (Hemiptera, Ricaniidae) with phylogenetic implications</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Jiang, Zhen</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Liu, Jianing</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Qin, Daozheng</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>880</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>43</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>59</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.880.32810</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.880.32810</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-880-43</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EFFE7128E4A242F684CE0BDDD5E0A447</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E55FD13BE3335AB19EED10E036E9ABD5</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159709676" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5804BA4F6A425552B3FD23F12459D9A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5804BA4F6A425552B3FD23F12459D9A2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="5804BA4F-6A42-5552-B3FD-23F12459D9A2" authority="Chou & Lu, 1977" authorityName="Chou & Lu" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Ricaniidae" genus="Pochazia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pochazia shantungensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shantungensis">Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu, 1977)</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The mature spermatozoa of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. shantungensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="shantungensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. shantungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are held together (totally 128 spermatozoa per spermatodesm) in the form of coiled sperm bundles in the seminal vesicles. Anterior ends of heads are embedded in a homogenous matrix that forms the spermatodesmata (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of P. shantungensis. A, B Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa C light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (H, arrow) and wavy flagellum (F) D, E TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (a) and nucleus (N). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-C); 2 µm (D); 0.5 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1">Fig. 1A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spermatozoon is long and filiform when it is separated from the bundles and exposed to a 0.9% saline solution (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of P. shantungensis. A, B Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa C light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (H, arrow) and wavy flagellum (F) D, E TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (a) and nucleus (N). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-C); 2 µm (D); 0.5 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is approximately 127
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in mean length and has an elongate single head (about 16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and a conventional single flagellum (about 111
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. shantungensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="shantungensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. shantungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
|
||
light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">H</emphasis>
|
||
, arrow) and wavy
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="flagellum">flagellum</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">F</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
|
||
) and nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.5µm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The head is formed by the nucleus and the acrosome. The acrosome has an irregular saccular acrosomal vesicle and a perforatorium, both located anterior to the nucleus (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of P. shantungensis. A, B Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa C light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (H, arrow) and wavy flagellum (F) D, E TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (a) and nucleus (N). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-C); 2 µm (D); 0.5 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Between the base of the perforatorium and the anterior portion of the nucleus is a noticeable transition (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of P. shantungensis. A, B Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa C light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (H, arrow) and wavy flagellum (F) D, E TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (a) and nucleus (N). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-C); 2 µm (D); 0.5 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">
|
||
3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The acrosome gradually invaginates posteriorly to form a subacrosomal space in which the anterior part of the elongated nucleus is inserted (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nuclei, different in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">
|
||
3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–N">B-N</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), are full of homogeneous condensed chromatin and are separated from each other by a cell membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. TEM and light micrographs of spermatozoa and spermatodesms of P. shantungensis. A, B Light micrographs of spermatodesm and spermatozoa C light micrograph of a single spermatozoon with the head (H, arrow) and wavy flagellum (F) D, E TEM micrographs of cross-sections of spermatozoa, showing the acrosome (a) and nucleus (N). Arrow shows head cluster, asterisk indicates the acrosome. Scale bars: 20 µm (A-C); 2 µm (D); 0.5 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346580" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure1">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ovoid nucleus measures approximately 0.94
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter in cross-section; in longitudinal-section, it turns into a cylinder-shape (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. shantungensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="shantungensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. shantungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
|
||
), nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
|
||
nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
), mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">md</emphasis>
|
||
), accessory body (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ab</emphasis>
|
||
), axoneme (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ax</emphasis>
|
||
), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ax</emphasis>
|
||
), mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">md</emphasis>
|
||
) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B, D</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">C, E</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The nucleus-flagellum transition region has a centriole and centriolar adjunct (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The centriole starts near the terminal incurvation of the nucleus and terminates anterior of the axoneme (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); it is parallel to the moderately electron-dense centriole adjunct (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The centriole adjunct contains dense granules between the accessory bodies and mitochondrial derivatives in longitudinal profile (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); in cross-section the centriole adjunct arises near the end of the nucleus and terminates anterior to the mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">
|
||
Fig. 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–K">I-K</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nucleus is wrapped by the centriolar adjunct (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Figs 2B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">
|
||
3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–M">I-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). In several transverse profiles of spermatozoa, the posterior nucleus region overlaps the different regions of accessory bodies and mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cross-sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome B-E serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (a), the nucleus (N), and the plasma membrane (pm) F oval nucleus (N) G-N nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory bodies (ab), axoneme (ax). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (ca). Scale bars: 0.5 µm (B-D); 0.2 µm (A, K, L, N); 0.1 µm (E-J, M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3">
|
||
Fig. 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–L">G-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346582" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Cross-sections of spermatozoa of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. shantungensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="shantungensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. shantungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
Acrosome, showing the dothideoid acrosome
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
serial cross-sections of head showing the dothideoid acrosome (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
|
||
), the nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
), and the plasma membrane (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">pm</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">F</emphasis>
|
||
oval nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–N">G-N</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
nucleus-flagellum transition region, showing the nucleus (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">N</emphasis>
|
||
), mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">md</emphasis>
|
||
), accessory bodies (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ab</emphasis>
|
||
), axoneme (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ax</emphasis>
|
||
). The asterisk indicates the centriolar adjunct (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ca</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars: 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A, K, L, N</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–J">E-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
, M
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The flagellum region contains an axoneme, two mitochondrial derivatives and two accessory bodies (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">
|
||
Fig. 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); they are parallel to each other throughout most of the length of the flagellum (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">
|
||
Fig. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The axoneme arises from the centriole (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is composed of two innermost microtubules, nine outermost accessory microtubules, and nine doublets, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 microtubules arrangement in insects (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">Fig. 4D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mitochondrial derivatives and accessory bodies are symmetrical in size and diameter in cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">
|
||
Fig. 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each mitochondrial derivative is made up of one serrated electron-dense area, one small oval electron-lucid portion and one mitochondrial cristae region (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In longitudinal-section, the mitochondrial derivatives are positioned lateral to the axoneme and are initiated near the extreme base of the centriole adjunct (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">
|
||
Fig. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cristae are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, bearing regular intervals (42 nm) between adjacent derivatives (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Longitudinal sections of spermatozoa of P. shantungensis. A, B Spermatozoa, showing acrosome (a), nucleus (N), arrow indicates connection area between acrosome and nucleus C nucleus-flagellum transition, showing nucleus (N), mitochondrial derivatives (md), accessory body (ab), axoneme (ax), arrow indicates centriole, triangular arrowhead indicates centriolar adjunct D, E flagella of sperm, showing axoneme (ax), mitochondrial derivatives (md) and cristae (arrow). Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B, D); 0.1 µm (C, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346581" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure2">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The accessory bodies are fishhook-shaped; they originate from the centriolar adjunct between the axoneme and mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">
|
||
Fig. 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Close to the posterior sperm tip, the axoneme becomes disorganized step by step, and the accessory bodies gradually taper to a cone-shape, while the mitochondrial derivatives disappear (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the terminal region of the flagellum, the doublet microtubules are the last to disappear (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of P. shantungensis. A-D Flagella, showing axoneme (ax), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (ab), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (md), containing oval lucent region (1), serrated electron-dense region (2) and mitochondrial cristae region (3) E-F flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (ax) become disordered, accessory bodies (ab) become smaller G axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (am), nine doublet microtubules (dm) and two innermost central microtubules (cm) H Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2 µm (A); 0.5 µm (B); 0.1 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.880.32810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/346583" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Cross-sections of the sperm flagellum of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. shantungensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="shantungensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">P. shantungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Flagella, showing axoneme (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ax</emphasis>
|
||
), fishhook-shaped accessory bodies (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ab</emphasis>
|
||
), D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">md</emphasis>
|
||
), containing oval lucent region (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">1</emphasis>
|
||
), serrated electron-dense region (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">2</emphasis>
|
||
) and mitochondrial cristae region (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">3</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
flagellum, mitochondrial derivatives slowly disappear, axonemes (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ax</emphasis>
|
||
) become disordered, accessory bodies (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">ab</emphasis>
|
||
) become smaller
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">G</emphasis>
|
||
axoneme, showing the typical 9 + 9 + 2 pattern, nine outermost accessory microtubules (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">am</emphasis>
|
||
), nine doublet microtubules (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">dm</emphasis>
|
||
) and two innermost central microtubules (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">cm</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">H</emphasis>
|
||
Showing doublet microtubules finally disappearing. Scale bars: 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–H">C-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |