499 lines
63 KiB
XML
499 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="E064FEA3D59A9050B7E809A6137B753B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.213474" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2986e33c-aa05-49c5-a0a1-0cc9ffefd96b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="213474" ID-ZooBank="06E5E6C5-8272-446B-932F-B3DF43ACFA" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460521737957" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Li, Yang & Liu, Rui-Yu" docDate="2012" docId="0914B557B54BFFF4FF5BFE6CFEDCFEAF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03476p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3476" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aulactinia Agassiz" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="F52DCD2FB54AFFF1FFCCFFB4FFB3FFCB" masterDocTitle="Aulactinia sinensis, a new species of sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Yellow Sea" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="62" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698314694847" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="48387CDBB6FF62A78E2A9E43F9D54B4C">Aulactinia sinensis, a new species of sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Yellow Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="45116582C7AAC3AC48A981292DE4B255">Li, Yang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AA307E8D692DD94737221E8E6AF63B16">Liu, Rui-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3618E0AD9F9AA574CCBA94C18A9D09B9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CD38791E634A36B46C28A845B34ADFAD">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7FEBE2A6EF6FBEECC8FBC29F173F369A">3476</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0914B557B54BFFF4FF5BFE6CFEDCFEAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5623741" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119525812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5623741" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0914B557B54BFFF4FF5BFE6CFEDCFEAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0914B557B54BFFF4FF5BFE6CFEDCFEAF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="C9A757CAB54BFFF0FF5BFE6CFC2EFC93" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="81020441B54BFFF0FF5BFE6CFD26FE39" blockId="1.[151,661,472,499]" box="[151,661,472,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="DA4AB32DB54BFFF0FF5BFE6CFD26FE39" bold="true" box="[151,661,472,499]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF5BFE6CFD26FE39" bold="true" box="[151,661,472,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FF22FE6DFE61FE39" ID-CoL="7NQ5K" authority="Agassiz" authorityName="Agassiz" box="[238,466,472,499]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF22FE6DFEDEFE38" bold="true" box="[238,365,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Aulactinia</emphasis>
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Agassiz
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="E52C79B0B54BFFF0FE35FE6CFD26FE39" author="Verrill" box="[505,661,472,498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1864) List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1, 29 - 60." type="journal article" year="1864">Verrill, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="81020441B54BFFF0FF5BFDABFC2EFC93" blockId="1.[151,1436,543,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF5BFDABFEA5FDF3" bold="true" box="[151,278,543,568]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Definition.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FED2FDABFE20FDFC" box="[286,403,543,567]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Actiniidae</taxonomicName>
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with well developed pedal disc. All or most of column with more or less distinct adhesive verrucae which are often simple but sometimes lobed in distal part of body. Verrucae may or may not be arranged in obvious vertical rows, and foreign bodies are commonly attached to them.
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FBAEFDDDFEE1FD6F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">No marginal spherules or pseudospherules</emphasis>
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. Sphincter more or less circumscribed, sometimes circumscribed-diffuse. Tentacles short to intermediate length, simple; longitudinal muscles ectodermal or mesoectodermal. Commonly two well developed siphonoglyphs. Usually mesenteries numerous, with two pairs of directives. All stronger mesenteries fertile, although directives sterile in some species. Retractors commonly strong, more or less restricted. Mesenteries grow from proximal end and therefore may be more numerous proximally than distally. Cnidom: Spirocysts, basitrichs,
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF5BFCF4FE64FC93" box="[151,471,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Microbasic b-mastigophores</emphasis>
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, microbasic
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FDABFCF5FDC6FC93" box="[615,629,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">p</emphasis>
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-mastigophore,
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FCE9FCF4FC25FC93" box="[805,918,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">holotrichs</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9A757CAB54BFFF0FF0BFCD0FBDAFCB7" box="[199,1129,867,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="81020441B54BFFF0FF0BFCD0FBDAFCB7" blockId="1.[151,1436,543,1216]" box="[199,1129,867,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF0BFCD0FED1FCB7" bold="true" box="[199,354,867,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B54BFFF0FF0BFCD0FEB1FCB7" box="[199,258,868,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FEA5FCD0FD13FCB7" authority="Agassiz" authorityName="Agassiz" box="[361,672,868,892]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capitata">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FEA5FCD0FDF3FCB7" box="[361,576,868,892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Aulactinia capitata</emphasis>
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Agassiz
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="E52C79B0B54BFFF0FD0FFCD0FCE6FCB7" author="Verrill" box="[707,853,868,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1864) List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1, 29 - 60." type="journal article" year="1864">Verrill, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9A757CAB54BFFF0FF0BFC3CFA88FB74" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="81020441B54BFFF0FF0BFC3CFC8BFBBC" blockId="1.[151,1436,543,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF0BFC3CFE83FC6B" bold="true" box="[199,304,904,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Remark.</emphasis>
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The definition is reworded from
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<bibRefCitation id="E52C79B0B54BFFF0FD65FC3CFCCAFC54" box="[681,889,903,927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" refString="Dunn, D. F., Chia, F. S. & Levine, R. (1980) Nomenclature of Aulactinia (= Bunodactis), with description of Aulactinia incubans n. sp. (Coelenterata: Actiniaria), an internally brooding sea anemone from Puget Sound. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 2071 - 2080." type="journal article">Dunn et al. (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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with the following modifications: “No marginal spherules but there may be pseudospherules” is replaced by “no marginal spherules or pseudospherules” to redefine the genus to include only species lacking pseudospherules as suggested by
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<bibRefCitation id="E52C79B0B54BFFF0FBF8FC7BFB5BFC2C" author="England" box="[1076,1256,975,999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" refString="England, K. W. (1987) Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 53, 4, 205 - 292." type="journal article" year="1987">
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<collectingCountry id="F9AA44D1B54BFFF0FBF8FC7BFB22FC2C" box="[1076,1169,975,999]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">England</collectingCountry>
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(1987)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. “Microbasic
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FA48FC64FA21FC23" box="[1412,1426,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">b</emphasis>
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- mastigophores” is added, as the cnidae are substantially distinguished from basitrichs in usually having a broad capsule with a shaft of large diameter (
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<bibRefCitation id="E52C79B0B54BFFF0FDAEFBA3FCBDFBE4" author="England" box="[610,782,1047,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" refString="England, K. W. (1991) Nematocysts of sea anemones (Actiniaria, Ceriantharia and Corallimorpharia: Cnidaria): nomenclature. Hydrobiologia, 216 / 217, 691 - 697." type="journal article" year="1991">
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<collectingCountry id="F9AA44D1B54BFFF0FDAEFBA3FD77FBE4" box="[610,708,1047,1071]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">England</collectingCountry>
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, 1991
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</bibRefCitation>
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). “atrichs in some” is replaced by “holotrichs,” as these cnidae bear small spines and so are correctly termed holotrichs (
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<bibRefCitation id="E52C79B0B54BFFF0FC47FB88FB07FB9F" author="Edmands" box="[907,1204,1084,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" refString="Edmands, S. & Fautin, D. G. (1991) Description of Aulactinia veratra n. comb. (= Cnidopus veratra) (Coelenterata: Actiniaria) from Australia. Records Western Australian Museum, 15, 1, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="1991">Edmands & Fautin, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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), and holotrichs are always present in species of
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<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FE1AFBD4FC87FBBC" authority="Acuna et al., 2007" authorityName="Acuna et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[470,820,1119,1144]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FE1AFBD4FDF8FBB3" box="[470,587,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Aulactinia</emphasis>
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(Acuña et al., 2007)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="81020441B54BFFF0FF0BFB30FA88FB74" blockId="1.[151,1436,543,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FF0BFB30FE8FFB57" box="[199,316,1156,1180]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF0BFB30FE8FFB57" box="[199,316,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Aulactinia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FE0CFB30FC62FB57" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1860" box="[448,977,1156,1180]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FE0CFB30FDFFFB57" box="[448,588,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Anthopleura</emphasis>
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Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FC13FB30FB48FB57" authority="Verrill, 1899" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[991,1275,1156,1180]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FC13FB30FBEEFB57" box="[991,1117,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Bunodactis</emphasis>
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Verrill, 1899
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FAC6FB30FE97FB74" authority="Verrill, 1899" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FAC6FB30FA2FFB57" box="[1290,1436,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Bunodosoma</emphasis>
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Verrill, 1899
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FE97FB1CFDE5FB74" authority="Boveri, 1893" authorityName="Boveri" authorityYear="1893" box="[347,598,1191,1215]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Gyractis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FE97FB1CFE08FB74" box="[347,443,1192,1215]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Gyractis</emphasis>
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Boveri, 1893
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</taxonomicName>
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, but can be distinguished from these genera according to
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<tableCitation id="CC3F31FAB54BFFF0FB2DFB13FA86FB74" box="[1249,1333,1191,1215]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1264,1288]" captionTargetBox="[151,1266,1353,1789]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of some characteristics of Aulactinia and related genera (from Verrill 1864; Carlgren 1949; Dunn et al. 1980; England 1987, 1992; Acuña et al. 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D5C254C9B54BFFF0FF5BFB44FD75FAE3" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="D5C254C9B54BFFF0FF5BFB44FD75FAE3">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="D5C254C9B54BFFF0FF5BFB44FD75FAE3" ID-Table-UUID="D5C254C9B54BFFF0FF5BFB44FD75FAE3" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D5C254C9B54BFFF0FF5BFB44FD75FAE3" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[151,1266,1353,1789]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="81020441B54BFFF0FF5BFB44FD75FAE3" blockId="1.[151,1436,1264,1320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF5BFB44FEBAFAC3" bold="true" box="[151,265,1264,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
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Comparison of some characteristics of
|
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<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FD61FB45FCAFFAC3" box="[685,796,1265,1288]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FD61FB45FCAFFAC3" box="[685,796,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Aulactinia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and related genera (from Verrill 1864; Carlgren 1949; Dunn et al. 1980; England 1987, 1992; Acuña et al. 2007).
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="81020441B54BFFF0FF69FAEFFEAFF936" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<table id="F3BDF6E1B54B000EFF5BFAFDFB41F936" box="[151,1266,1353,1789]" gridcols="3" gridrows="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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||
<tr id="3F8D0603B54B000EFF5BFAFDFB41FA4B" box="[151,1266,1353,1408]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFF5BFAFDFDEFFA4B" box="[151,604,1353,1408]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Genus Verrucae</th>
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||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFD74FAFDFC72FA4B" box="[696,961,1353,1408]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Marginal spherules/ Marginal pseudospherules</th>
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||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFB4BFAFDFB41FA4B" box="[1159,1266,1353,1408]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Holotrichs</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="3F8D0603B54B000EFF5BFA23FB41FA66" box="[151,1266,1431,1453]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
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<th id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFF5BFA23FDEFFA66" box="[151,604,1431,1453]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FF69FA23FDFFFA66" authority="Present" authorityName="Present" box="[165,588,1431,1453]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF69FA23FE97FA66" box="[165,292,1431,1453]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Anthopleura</emphasis>
|
||
Present
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFD74FA23FC72FA66" box="[696,961,1431,1453]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Marginal spherules</td>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFB4BFA23FB41FA66" box="[1159,1266,1431,1453]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Present</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B54B000EFF5BFA76FB41FA12" box="[151,1266,1474,1497]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFF5BFA76FDEFFA12" box="[151,604,1474,1497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FF69FA77FDFFFA12" authority="Present" authorityName="Present" box="[165,588,1475,1497]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF69FA77FEBDFA12" box="[165,270,1475,1497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Aulactinia</emphasis>
|
||
Present
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFD74FA76FC72FA12" box="[696,961,1474,1497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFB4BFA76FB41FA12" box="[1159,1266,1474,1497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Present</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B54B000EFF5BFA5BFB41F9CE" box="[151,1266,1519,1541]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFF5BFA5BFDEFF9CE" box="[151,604,1519,1541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FF69FA5BFDFFF9CE" authority="Present" authorityName="Present" box="[165,588,1519,1541]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF69FA5BFEA4F9CE" box="[165,279,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Bunodactis</emphasis>
|
||
Present
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFD74FA5BFC72F9CE" box="[696,961,1519,1541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFB4BFA5BFB41F9CE" box="[1159,1266,1519,1541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Absent</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B54B000EFF5BF9AFFB41F9FA" box="[151,1266,1563,1585]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFF5BF9AFFDEFF9FA" box="[151,604,1563,1585]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FF69F9AFFDF9F9FA" authority="Absent" authorityName="Absent" box="[165,586,1563,1585]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF69F9AFFE99F9FA" box="[165,298,1563,1585]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Bunodosoma</emphasis>
|
||
Absent
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFD74F9AFFC72F9FA" box="[696,961,1563,1585]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Marginal spherules</td>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFB4BF9AFFB41F9FA" box="[1159,1266,1563,1585]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Present</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B54B000EFF5BF9F3FB41F996" box="[151,1266,1607,1629]" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFF5BF9F3FDEFF996" box="[151,604,1607,1629]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FF69F9FCFDFFF996" authority="Present" authorityName="Present" box="[165,588,1608,1629]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Gyractis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF69F9FCFF4FF996" box="[165,252,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Gyractis</emphasis>
|
||
Present
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFD74F9F3FC72F996" box="[696,961,1607,1629]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Marginal pseudospherules</td>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFB4BF9F3FB41F996" box="[1159,1266,1607,1629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Absent</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B54B000EFF5BF976FB41F936" box="[151,1266,1730,1789]" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB54B000EFF5BF976FDEFF936" box="[151,604,1730,1789]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF5BF976FE51F917" bold="true" box="[151,482,1730,1756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54BFFF0FF5BF976FECEF917" box="[151,381,1730,1756]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF5BF976FECEF917" bold="true" box="[151,381,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Aulactinia sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8FA6528B54BFFF0FE48F976FE51F917" box="[388,482,1730,1756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Figures 1–3
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C9A757CAB54BFFF3FF5BF899FBDCFF1F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B54BFFF3FF5BF899FBDCFF1F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1837,2006]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1435,151,212]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54BFFF0FF5BF899FECDF88D" bold="true" box="[151,382,1837,1862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B54BFFF0FE48F899FE5CF88E" box="[388,495,1837,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: MBM184210, Yellow Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F9AA44D1B54BFFF0FCE6F899FC72F88D" box="[810,961,1837,1862]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Jiaozhou Bay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Cangkou,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E4896286B54BFFF0FBF2F899FB15F88E" box="[1086,1190,1837,1861]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" precision="925" value="36.183334">36°11’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E4896286B54BFFF0FB7EF899FA96F88E" box="[1202,1317,1837,1861]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" precision="925" value="120.35">120°21’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, intertidal, Coll. Xiuji Zhang,
|
||
<date id="F5032281B54BFFF0FEB1F8E5FDBCF8A2" box="[381,527,1873,1897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" value="1953-07-05">5 July 1953</date>
|
||
, preserved in 70% ethanol.
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B54BFFF0FCAAF8E6FC65F8A1" box="[870,982,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: Yellow Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F9AA44D1B54BFFF0FB4DF8E5FAADF8A1" box="[1153,1310,1873,1898]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">Jiaozhou Bay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Cangkou,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E4896286B54BFFF0FF5BF8C1FE9DF846" box="[151,302,1909,1933]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="36.19389">36°11’38’’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E4896286B54BFFF0FEF2F8C1FE50F846" box="[318,483,1909,1933]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="120.3575">120°21’27’’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
: MBM119975,
|
||
<date id="F5032281B54BFFF0FD54F8C1FD07F846" box="[664,692,1909,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" value="2012-04-27">27</date>
|
||
April 2012; MBM119976, MBM119977, and MBM119978 at
|
||
<date id="F5032281B54BFFF0FA42F8C1FEB8F87A" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" value="2012-05-05">5 May 2012</date>
|
||
. Other specimens: MBM184488, place and Coll. same as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B54BFFF0FC45F82DFC5EF87A" box="[905,1005,1945,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F5032281B54BFFF0FC3BF82DFB63F87A" box="[1015,1232,1945,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" value="1954-09-23">23 September 1954</date>
|
||
, preserved in 70% ethanol; MBM119979, and MBM119980, at
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B54BFFF0FD45F80AFD0AF81D" box="[649,697,1982,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<date id="F5032281B54BFFF0FCD3F809FC1BF81E" box="[799,936,1981,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" value="2012-05-05">5 May 2012</date>
|
||
; MBM119981, three specimens, Yellow Sea, Qingdao, beach of Huiquan Bay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E4896286B548FFF3FDDDFF23FD14FF64" box="[529,679,151,175]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" precision="15" value="36.052776">36°03’10’’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E4896286B548FFF3FD78FF23FCE5FF64" box="[692,854,151,175]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" precision="15" value="120.33611">120°20’10’’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, intertidal,
|
||
<date id="F5032281B548FFF3FC1AFF23FBD0FF64" box="[982,1123,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" value="2012-05-06">6 May 2012</date>
|
||
; MBM184223, Yellow Sea, Qingdao, Shazikou,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E4896286B548FFF3FEB5FF08FE52FF1F" box="[377,481,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" precision="925" value="36.1">36°06’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E4896286B548FFF3FE21FF08FDD3FF1F" box="[493,608,188,212]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" precision="925" value="120.53333">120°32’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, intertidal,
|
||
<date id="F5032281B548FFF3FD11FF08FCDCFF1F" box="[733,879,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" value="1951-07-12">12 July 1951</date>
|
||
, preserved in formalin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="D5C254C9B548FFF3FF5BFB0AFE27FB33" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213476/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[152,1435,267,1190]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B548FFF3FF5BFB0AFE27FB33" blockId="2.[151,1436,1214,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B548FFF3FF5BFB0AFEA5FB1F" bold="true" box="[151,278,1214,1237]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B548FFF3FE0AFB0BFD3AFB1E" box="[454,649,1215,1237]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B548FFF3FE0AFB0BFD3AFB1E" box="[454,649,1215,1237]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Aulactinia sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8FA6528B548FFF3FD5EFB0BFD57FB1F" box="[658,740,1215,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Scale = 10 mm. A. External morphology of holotype. B. Internal morphology of holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C9A757CAB548FFF2FF0BFA93FDE4FE02" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B548FFF3FF0BFA93FD95FA1B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B548FFF3FF0BFA93FEF2FA8B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1319,1344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B548FFF3FE86FA9CFE0CFA8B" box="[330,447,1320,1344]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Actiniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 48 vertical rows of endocoelic adhesive verrucae from margin to middle column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FF52FAF8FEBFFAAF" box="[158,268,1356,1380]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,267,1190]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,267,1190]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. Scale = 10 mm. A. External morphology of holotype. B. Internal morphology of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213476/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 2B); distal-most of each row protuberant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FCE3FAF8FC27FAAF" box="[815,916,1356,1380]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,179,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1399,179,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anatomy of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Two distal-most verrucae of holotype. Scale = 0.5 mm. B. Holotype, dissected to show circumscribed endodermal sphincter muscle (SM) and marginal stoma (MS). Scale = 1.0 mm. C. Cross section of marginal sphincter muscle of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. D. Longitudinal section through a verruca of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. E. Cross section through middle column of holotype, showing diffuse mesenterial retractor muscle (R), parietal muscle (P), and oocytes (O). Left arrow indicates pennon of parietobasilar muscle. Scale = 500 μm. F. Zooxanthellae from tentacle tissue. Scale = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213478/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Body elongated, sub-cylindrical, usually widening distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FEB8FAC4FE50FA43" box="[372,483,1392,1416]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,267,1190]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,267,1190]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. Scale = 10 mm. A. External morphology of holotype. B. Internal morphology of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213476/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 2B). Marginal sphincter muscle endodermal, circumscribed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FB2CFAC4FAE1FA43" box="[1248,1362,1392,1416]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,179,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1399,179,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anatomy of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Two distal-most verrucae of holotype. Scale = 0.5 mm. B. Holotype, dissected to show circumscribed endodermal sphincter muscle (SM) and marginal stoma (MS). Scale = 1.0 mm. C. Cross section of marginal sphincter muscle of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. D. Longitudinal section through a verruca of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. E. Cross section through middle column of holotype, showing diffuse mesenterial retractor muscle (R), parietal muscle (P), and oocytes (O). Left arrow indicates pennon of parietobasilar muscle. Scale = 500 μm. F. Zooxanthellae from tentacle tissue. Scale = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213478/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Mesenteries in 48 pairs, all those with muscles fertile. Full complement of tentacles 96, arranged in five cycles; inner a little longer than outer ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B548FFF3FF0BFA68FABCF897" blockId="2.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B548FFF3FF0BFA68FE9DFA3E" bold="true" box="[199,302,1500,1525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Column.</emphasis>
|
||
Column elongated, sub-cylindrical, commonly wider from proximal to distal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FB74FA68FA92FA3F" box="[1208,1313,1500,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,267,1190]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,267,1190]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. Scale = 10 mm. A. External morphology of holotype. B. Internal morphology of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213476/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 2B). In life, color brown proximally, darker distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FD51F9B4FCB2F9D3" box="[669,769,1536,1560]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1403,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1403,1925]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Expanded live specimen in situ. Note oral disc and spotted tentacles. B. Lateral view of partially contracted live specimen settled in aquarium. Note brown column and longitudinally arrayed verrucae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213477/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B); mesenterial insertions visible when expanded. Column length to
|
||
<quantity id="4645A9A4B548FFF3FEC0F990FEDDF9F7" box="[268,366,1572,1596]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 mm</quantity>
|
||
when fully extended (
|
||
<quantity id="4645A9A4B548FFF3FDB2F990FD4CF9F7" box="[638,767,1572,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="44.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="40.0">40–48 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B548FFF3FCE1F990FC27F9F7" box="[813,916,1572,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), diameter to
|
||
<quantity id="4645A9A4B548FFF3FBF1F990FB21F9F7" box="[1085,1170,1572,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in life (
|
||
<quantity id="4645A9A4B548FFF3FB36F990FAC9F9F7" box="[1274,1402,1572,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="13.0">13–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B548FFF3FF5BF9FCFF4DF9AB" box="[151,254,1608,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
); oral disc diameter to
|
||
<quantity id="4645A9A4B548FFF3FDCCF9FCFDE3F9AB" box="[512,592,1608,1632]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
(approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4645A9A4B548FFF3FCC5F9FCFCEAF9AB" box="[777,857,1608,1632]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B548FFF3FCB1F9FCFC6CF9AB" box="[893,991,1608,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
whose oral disc contracted); pedal disc diameter to
|
||
<quantity id="4645A9A4B548FFF3FED3F9D8FEDCF94F" box="[287,367,1644,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
when live (
|
||
<quantity id="4645A9A4B548FFF3FE3AF9D8FDC2F94F" box="[502,625,1644,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B548FFF3FD5AF9D8FD4EF94F" box="[662,765,1644,1668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Column covered from margin to middle part with simple, endocoelic, adhesive verrucae arrayed in 48 regular longitudinal series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FC1FF924FB8FF963" box="[979,1084,1680,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,267,1190]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,267,1190]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Morphology of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. Scale = 10 mm. A. External morphology of holotype. B. Internal morphology of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213476/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 2B). Verrucae of first three endocoels extend to middle column, up to 15 each row; those of highest endocoels set on margin and upper column only, usually 5–7 each row. Verrucae on upper column more prominent than those on middle column, to
|
||
<quantity id="4645A9A4B548FFF3FAF0F96CFACCF93B" box="[1340,1407,1752,1776]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and cup-shaped; lobulated or protuberant in margin; distal-most verrucae of each row largest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FAD4F948FAC4F8DF" box="[1304,1399,1788,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,179,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1399,179,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anatomy of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Two distal-most verrucae of holotype. Scale = 0.5 mm. B. Holotype, dissected to show circumscribed endodermal sphincter muscle (SM) and marginal stoma (MS). Scale = 1.0 mm. C. Cross section of marginal sphincter muscle of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. D. Longitudinal section through a verruca of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. E. Cross section through middle column of holotype, showing diffuse mesenterial retractor muscle (R), parietal muscle (P), and oocytes (O). Left arrow indicates pennon of parietobasilar muscle. Scale = 500 μm. F. Zooxanthellae from tentacle tissue. Scale = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213478/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). In life, verrucae paler than column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FDFEF894FD27F8F3" box="[562,660,1824,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1403,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1403,1925]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Expanded live specimen in situ. Note oral disc and spotted tentacles. B. Lateral view of partially contracted live specimen settled in aquarium. Note brown column and longitudinally arrayed verrucae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213477/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B), hold stones and shell debris. Margin denticulate, with prominent endocoelic marginal projections; each projection may bear two or more verrucae on its adoral surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B548FFF3FF0BF8D3FA2FF827" blockId="2.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B548FFF3FF0BF8D3FE51F84B" bold="true" box="[199,482,1895,1920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Oral disc and tentacles.</emphasis>
|
||
Oral disc typically brownish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FCF6F8DCFC2FF84B" box="[826,924,1896,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1403,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1403,1925]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Expanded live specimen in situ. Note oral disc and spotted tentacles. B. Lateral view of partially contracted live specimen settled in aquarium. Note brown column and longitudinally arrayed verrucae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213477/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A), some light greenish. Mouth round, lies in center of disc; color brown, pink to white; mesenterial insertions visible as pale lines. Tentacles short in preservation, but up to
|
||
<quantity id="4645A9A4B548FFF3FE55F804FE5BF803" box="[409,488,1968,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
in live specimens; hexamerously arranged in five cycles, and the inner a little longer than the outer ones; full complement 96. Color paler than oral disc, and with white spots on oral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B548FFF3FAD5F860FACAF827" box="[1305,1401,2004,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1403,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1403,1925]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. External morphology of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Expanded live specimen in situ. Note oral disc and spotted tentacles. B. Lateral view of partially contracted live specimen settled in aquarium. Note brown column and longitudinally arrayed verrucae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213477/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="64">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B549FFF2FF0BFF2CFC60FEF7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FF0BFF2CFE16FF7B" bold="true" box="[199,421,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Internal Anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Two elongate, symmetrical siphonoglyphs; each attached to pair of directive mesenteries. To 48 pairs of mesenteries hexamerously arranged in four cycles; all perfect in most developed individuals (those of highest order in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B549FFF2FEA6FF6AFE7FFF3D" box="[362,460,222,246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
without muscles, but with delicate mesenterial filaments distally). All mesenteries with muscles fertile, including directives. Mesenteries same number distally and proximally. Large marginal stoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B549FFF2FF52FE90FF4DFEF7" box="[158,254,292,316]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,179,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1399,179,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anatomy of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Two distal-most verrucae of holotype. Scale = 0.5 mm. B. Holotype, dissected to show circumscribed endodermal sphincter muscle (SM) and marginal stoma (MS). Scale = 1.0 mm. C. Cross section of marginal sphincter muscle of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. D. Longitudinal section through a verruca of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. E. Cross section through middle column of holotype, showing diffuse mesenterial retractor muscle (R), parietal muscle (P), and oocytes (O). Left arrow indicates pennon of parietobasilar muscle. Scale = 500 μm. F. Zooxanthellae from tentacle tissue. Scale = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). All examined specimens female. Zooxanthellate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B549FFF2FC9FFE90FC00FEF7" box="[851,947,292,316]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,179,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1399,179,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anatomy of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Two distal-most verrucae of holotype. Scale = 0.5 mm. B. Holotype, dissected to show circumscribed endodermal sphincter muscle (SM) and marginal stoma (MS). Scale = 1.0 mm. C. Cross section of marginal sphincter muscle of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. D. Longitudinal section through a verruca of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. E. Cross section through middle column of holotype, showing diffuse mesenterial retractor muscle (R), parietal muscle (P), and oocytes (O). Left arrow indicates pennon of parietobasilar muscle. Scale = 500 μm. F. Zooxanthellae from tentacle tissue. Scale = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B549FFF2FF0BFEF3FC05FE48" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Marginal sphincter muscle endodermal and palmate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B549FFF2FCE6FEF3FC2BFE94" box="[810,920,327,351]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,179,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1399,179,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anatomy of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Two distal-most verrucae of holotype. Scale = 0.5 mm. B. Holotype, dissected to show circumscribed endodermal sphincter muscle (SM) and marginal stoma (MS). Scale = 1.0 mm. C. Cross section of marginal sphincter muscle of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. D. Longitudinal section through a verruca of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. E. Cross section through middle column of holotype, showing diffuse mesenterial retractor muscle (R), parietal muscle (P), and oocytes (O). Left arrow indicates pennon of parietobasilar muscle. Scale = 500 μm. F. Zooxanthellae from tentacle tissue. Scale = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Longitudinal retractor muscles diffuse (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B549FFF2FF52FEDFFF4DFE48" box="[158,254,363,387]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,179,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1399,179,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anatomy of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Two distal-most verrucae of holotype. Scale = 0.5 mm. B. Holotype, dissected to show circumscribed endodermal sphincter muscle (SM) and marginal stoma (MS). Scale = 1.0 mm. C. Cross section of marginal sphincter muscle of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. D. Longitudinal section through a verruca of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. E. Cross section through middle column of holotype, showing diffuse mesenterial retractor muscle (R), parietal muscle (P), and oocytes (O). Left arrow indicates pennon of parietobasilar muscle. Scale = 500 μm. F. Zooxanthellae from tentacle tissue. Scale = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Parietobasilar muscles with short free pennon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B549FFF2FCF8FEDFFC27FE48" box="[820,916,363,387]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,179,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1399,179,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anatomy of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. A. Two distal-most verrucae of holotype. Scale = 0.5 mm. B. Holotype, dissected to show circumscribed endodermal sphincter muscle (SM) and marginal stoma (MS). Scale = 1.0 mm. C. Cross section of marginal sphincter muscle of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. D. Longitudinal section through a verruca of MBM 184223. Scale = 200 μm. E. Cross section through middle column of holotype, showing diffuse mesenterial retractor muscle (R), parietal muscle (P), and oocytes (O). Left arrow indicates pennon of parietobasilar muscle. Scale = 500 μm. F. Zooxanthellae from tentacle tissue. Scale = 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213478/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B549FFF2FF0BFE3AFDE4FE02" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Cnidom. Spirocysts, basitrichs, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FD7AFE3AFD77FE6D" box="[694,708,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FBC9FE3BFBA0FE6D" box="[1029,1043,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores, holotrichs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198618C4B549FFF2FA9DFE3AFF1BFE02" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,812,835]" captionTargetBox="[391,1195,411,786]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[391,1196,411,791]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Representative cnidae from Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. Scale = 20 μm; refer to Table 2 for size and distribution. A. Spirocyst. B. Large basitrich. C. Small basitrich. D. Microbasic p - mastigophore. E. Microbasic b - mastigophore. F. Holotrich." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213479/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). See
|
||
<tableCitation id="CC3F31FAB549FFF2FF20FE05FE8DFE02" box="[236,318,433,457]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,503,527]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,639,1349]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution and size of cnidae of Aulactinia sinensis sp. nov. Letters after each type of cnida refer to Figure 4. N is the proportion of examined individuals with a particular type of cnida; n is the number of cnidae measured. Cnidae data of A. capitata from Sebens 1998 are given for comparison. We distinguish two size classes of basitrichs (Figure 4 B, C) as their ranges are non-overlapping in actinopharynx, although their boundary in tentacles is less distinct." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D5C254C9B549FFF2FF5BFE43FA2EFDA4" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="D5C254C9B549FFF2FF5BFE43FA2EFDA4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
for distribution and size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="D5C254C9B549FFF2FF5BFE43FA2EFDA4" ID-Table-UUID="D5C254C9B549FFF2FF5BFE43FA2EFDA4" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D5C254C9B549FFF2FF5BFE43FA2EFDA4" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[151,1437,639,1349]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B549FFF2FF5BFE43FA2EFDA4" blockId="3.[151,1437,503,623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FF5BFE43FEB9FDC4" bold="true" box="[151,266,503,527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution and size of cnidae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B549FFF2FD4CFE4CFCF9FDC4" box="[640,842,504,527]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FD4CFE4CFCF9FDC4" box="[640,842,504,527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Aulactinia sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8FA6528B549FFF2FC9EFE4CFC16FDC4" box="[850,933,504,527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Letters after each type of cnida refer to Figure 4. N is the proportion of examined individuals with a particular type of cnida; n is the number of cnidae measured. Cnidae data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B549FFF2FE8DFD8CFE0BFD84" box="[321,440,568,591]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FE8DFD8CFE0BFD84" box="[321,440,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">A. capitata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sebens 1998 are given for comparison. We distinguish two size classes of basitrichs (Figure 4B, C) as their ranges are non-overlapping in actinopharynx, although their boundary in tentacles is less distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B549FFF2FF69FD34FBBBFA8F" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<table id="F3BDF6E1B549000EFF5BFDCBFA2EFA8E" box="[151,1437,639,1349]" gridcols="3" gridrows="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFDCBFA2EFD5D" box="[151,1437,639,662]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFDCBFDB1FD5D" box="[151,514,639,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Tissue and Cnida type</th>
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFD5EFDCBFB96FD5D" box="[658,1061,639,662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">N n Range, in μm</th>
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFB39FDCBFA2EFD5D" box="[1269,1437,639,662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B549FFF2FB39FD35FAD7FD5D" box="[1269,1380,641,662]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FB39FD35FAD7FD5D" box="[1269,1380,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">A. capitata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFD12FA2EFD77" box="[151,1437,678,700]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFD12FDB1FD77" box="[151,514,678,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Tentacle</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFD78FA2EFCC2" box="[151,1437,716,777]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFD78FDB1FCC2" box="[151,514,716,777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Spirocyst (A) Large basitrich (B)</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFD5EFD78FB96FCC2" box="[658,1061,716,777]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">4/4 92 10.0–29.0 × 1.4–3.0 4/4 104 15.0–30.0 × 2.0–2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFB39FD78FA2EFCC2" box="[1269,1437,716,777]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">9–27 35–45</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFCADFA2EFCE4" box="[151,1437,793,815]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFCADFDB1FCE4" box="[151,514,793,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Small basitrich (C)</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFD5EFCADFB96FCE4" box="[658,1061,793,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">4/4 26 7.0–14.0 × 1.0–2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFB39FCADFA2EFCE4" box="[1269,1437,793,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">12–26</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFC8BFA2EFC9E" box="[151,1437,831,853]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFC8BFDB1FC9E" box="[151,514,831,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Holotrich (F)</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFD5EFC8BFB96FC9E" box="[658,1061,831,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">4/4 36 8.0–30.0 × 2.5–8.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFCD1FA2EFCB0" box="[151,1437,869,891]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFCD1FDB1FCB0" box="[151,514,869,891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Column</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFC3FFA2EFC26" box="[151,1437,907,1005]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFC3FFDB1FC26" box="[151,514,907,1005]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Basitrich (C) Holotrich (F) Actinopharynx</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFD5EFC3FFB96FC26" box="[658,1061,907,1005]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">4/4 86 (6.7) 9.7–19.0 × 0.7–2.0 4/4 31 10.0–70.0 × 3.0–12.0</td>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFB39FC3FFA2EFC26" box="[1269,1437,907,1005]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">10–39</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFC49FA2EFBF1" box="[151,1437,1021,1082]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFC49FDB1FBF1" box="[151,514,1021,1082]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FEF5FC4BFEF5FBDF" box="[313,326,1023,1044]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore (D) Large basitrich (B)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFD5EFC49FB96FBF1" box="[658,1061,1021,1082]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">4/4 30 20.0–27.5 × 4.0–6.2 4/4 63 20.0–30.0 × 2.0–4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFB39FC49FA2EFBF1" box="[1269,1437,1021,1082]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">14–20 16–38</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFBFEFA2EFB67" box="[151,1437,1098,1196]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFBFEFDB1FB67" box="[151,514,1098,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Small basitrich (C) Holotrich (F) Filament</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFD5EFBFEFB96FB67" box="[658,1061,1098,1196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">4/4 24 6.0–16.1 × 1.1–2.0 4/4 34 15.0–67.0 × 3.0–10.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFB08FA2EFB32" box="[151,1437,1212,1273]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFB08FDB1FB32" box="[151,514,1212,1273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FEF5FB08FEF5FB19" box="[313,326,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore (E) Microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FEF5FB57FEF5FB33" box="[313,326,1251,1272]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore (D)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFD5EFB08FB96FB32" box="[658,1061,1212,1273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">4/4 52 26.3–49.0 × 4.0–6.1 4/4 63 20.0–33.0 × 4.0–7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFB39FB08FA2EFB32" box="[1269,1437,1212,1273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">16–41 15–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFABDFA2EFAD4" box="[151,1437,1289,1311]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFABDFDB1FAD4" box="[151,514,1289,1311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Small basitrich (C)</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFD5EFABDFB96FAD4" box="[658,1061,1289,1311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">4/4 45 10.0–16.0 × 1.0–2.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8D0603B549000EFF5BFA9BFA2EFA8E" box="[151,1437,1327,1349]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFF5BFA9BFDB1FA8E" box="[151,514,1327,1349]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Holotrich (F)</th>
|
||
<td id="7C5C6F7FB549000EFD5EFA9BFB96FA8E" box="[658,1061,1327,1349]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">4/4 62 14.0–51.0 × 3.7–10.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D5C254C9B549FFF2FF5BF82EFEF4F826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213477/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[151,1436,1403,1924]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B549FFF2FF5BF82EFEF4F826" blockId="3.[151,1436,1946,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FF5BF82EFEA1F87B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1946,1969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
External morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B549FFF2FDDEF82EFD61F87B" box="[530,722,1946,1968]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B549FFF2FDDEF82EFD61F87B" box="[530,722,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="65">Aulactinia sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8FA6528B549FFF2FD14F82FFC94F87B" box="[728,807,1947,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. Expanded live specimen in situ. Note oral disc and spotted tentacles. B. Lateral view of partially contracted live specimen settled in aquarium. Note brown column and longitudinally arrayed verrucae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D5C254C9B54EFFF5FF5BF8F1FD28F838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213478/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[194,1398,179,1855]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B54EFFF5FF5BF8F1FD28F838" blockId="4.[151,1437,1861,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54EFFF5FF5BF8F1FEA0F890" bold="true" box="[151,275,1861,1884]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54EFFF5FE51F8F2FDEDF897" box="[413,606,1862,1884]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54EFFF5FE51F8F2FDEDF897" box="[413,606,1862,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="66">Aulactinia sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A8FA6528B54EFFF5FDA9F8F2FD06F890" box="[613,693,1862,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. Two distal-most verrucae of holotype. Scale = 0.5 mm. B. Holotype, dissected to show circumscribed endodermal sphincter muscle (SM) and marginal stoma (MS). Scale = 1.0 mm. C. Cross section of marginal sphincter muscle of MBM184223. Scale = 200 μm. D. Longitudinal section through a verruca of MBM184223. Scale = 200 μm. E. Cross section through middle column of holotype, showing diffuse mesenterial retractor muscle (R), parietal muscle (P), and oocytes (O). Left arrow indicates pennon of parietobasilar muscle. Scale = 500 μm. F. Zooxanthellae from tentacle tissue. Scale = 10 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C9A757CAB54FFFF4FF0BFF23FB5CFED7" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B54FFFF4FF0BFF23FB5CFED7" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54FFFF4FF0BFF23FDB0FF7B" bold="true" box="[199,515,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Distribution and Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
In mudflat or sand flat, low intertidal zone, Qingdao coast, Yellow Sea. All observed individuals buried in the mud or sand, with gravel and shell debris adherent to column. Collected specimens attached to stones or shells, but not tightly, so that each could be stripped intact. About 20 individuals were detected in a two hour survey at
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B54FFFF4FD8DFEB1FDC2FED6" box="[577,625,261,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, and no other actiniarians were observed nearby.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C9A757CAB54FFFF4FF0BFE9CFEDCFEAF" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="81020441B54FFFF4FF0BFE9CFEDCFEAF" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C9D853B54FFFF4FF0BFE9CFEFDFE8B" bold="true" box="[199,334,296,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46BD7FC2B54FFFF4FDE1FE93FD35FEF4" box="[557,646,295,319]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis">sinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Latin for “Chinese”, it refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E06BAE3B54FFFF4FB8DFE9CFBC2FE8B" box="[1089,1137,296,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the species. Its gender is feminine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |