420 lines
52 KiB
XML
420 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="75BF5E5F5FC75E5F87248869F4299ABE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.183373" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0d7eca74-c851-4e3a-9503-9c3909a8ccc8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="183373" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459904382763" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Artois, Tom J. & Tessens, Bart S." docDate="2008" docId="03C687D8FFB3FF4FFF69E4A8FADA0863" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01849p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1849" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paulodora watsoni Artois & Tessens, 2008, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFFFFFA0FFA3FF5EFFFEE43FFF870F79" masterDocTitle="Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve new species" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698228922093" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="D595557E9CB593D0E42E8DA068A25EA4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BA5B6DF11B0F2B94D41CCD74D7641F8A">
|
||
<mods:title id="087A97A83DEFD74975A9255ADCD2D844">Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="E6D4B6A768DEC23D98E699E95AD9BB91" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C0BE7508DE5F32F6A0AA5570F16A8C17">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="26BFB8B94CAB4587FAAAAF7F45507038">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D7C5E69178338EDCE44E2ED32702B327">Artois, Tom J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7AB5E2D25374224B7284658F5BC50703" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5D3E8935E089F8F3ADB75A853E7A04B6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3F03FE8FCA22A855E0ADB0AF16540B13">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3985AE6AECC9DFCE9638F263C1198D01">Tessens, Bart S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C65AFF157CA3B6CB870AE1DAB5A054A3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="BE8CC7090F146FDCE612751672A23FCE" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="EF4556B292EFF70C0F212F4225288047">
|
||
<mods:title id="891679E92D240C1598D9DE0BB11C7890">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6F50DF4336A78304705FEA6B974E1938">
|
||
<mods:date id="E8D60CB2BCE242BB21DBB33A4D6AD50B">2008</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="79B499D8400AE13AE337D422F6F138A5" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="2345C6DC26B40222F3D00BDB7F9291BC">1849</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="A7A5810B3507D498D134AFA1CD7832CD" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="5E1DFDA503BF403A3D1FBB0BA72C2422">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="194FD81EF21CE5B0C1E016FF2974B798">27</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="3D9C9A72AB8DDC9CD90476F9C6FF9DFB">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4523BCFBED303E654B68CDE732D932FE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.183373</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4EF220427721315A922A18ED817FA32E" type="GBIF-Dataset">0d7eca74-c851-4e3a-9503-9c3909a8ccc8</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D2F8482DBCB51928E49C50AECC8435BD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6B4DD24BA41D5F4941252E435C45B447" type="Zenodo-Dep">183373</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C687D8FFB3FF4FFF69E4A8FADA0863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6229725" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119373269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6229725" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C687D8FFB3FF4FFF69E4A8FADA0863" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C687D8FFB3FF4FFF69E4A8FADA0863" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3756545FFB3FF4EFF69E4A8FEA30FAD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4EFF69E4A8FE440FC8" blockId="16.[151,451,151,212]" box="[151,451,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading id="D09881A2FFB3FF4EFF69E4A8FE440FC8" bold="true" box="[151,451,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFF69E4A8FE440FC8" bold="true" box="[151,451,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFF69E4A8FEFE0FC8" ID-CoL="75VBD" box="[151,377,151,177]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="watsoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFF69E4A8FEFE0FC8" bold="true" box="[151,377,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paulodora watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22857A7FFB3FF4EFE7FE4A8FE440FC8" box="[385,451,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4EFF69E485FEA30FAD" blockId="16.[151,451,151,212]" box="[151,292,186,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13542A4BFFB3FF4EFF61E485FF610FAD" box="[159,230,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[271,1321,183,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[256,1335,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paulodora schockaerti n. sp. A, Atrial organs (from a live specimen). B, Prostate stylet type I (from the holotype). P. subcontorta Schockaert, 1982 C, Prostate stylet type I (from a specimen from Zanzibar). P. watsoni n. sp. D, Prostate stylet type I (from the holotype). P. a n c o r a n. sp. E, picture of the prostate stylet type I (from the holotype). P. contortoides n. sp. F, idem (from the holotype), P. contortoides n. sp. F, idem (from the holotype), P. drepanophora n. sp. G, idem (from the holotype), P. porcellus n. sp. H, idem (from the holotype), P. hamifer n. sp. I, idem (from the holotype), P. schockaerti n. sp. J, idem (from the holotype), P. subcontorta Schockaert, 1982 K, idem (from the same specimen as C), P. w a t s o n i n. sp. L, idem (from the holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183377/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D, L)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3756545FFB3FF4EFF69E535FCD10E0D" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4EFF69E535FCD10E0D" blockId="16.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFF69E535FD9B0E5D" bold="true" box="[151,540,266,292]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Localities in the Indian Ocean</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFB3FF4EFDD3E535FD120E5D" box="[557,661,266,292]" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Island (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFB3FF4EFD04E535FCED0E5D" box="[762,874,266,292]" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
), mangrove area near Pete (southern region of Unguja), sea grass from a large exposed sea grass field (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFCA7E50DFC4C0E32" box="[857,971,306,331]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFCA7E50DFC4C0E32" box="[857,971,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thalassia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<date id="FFD1100EFFB3FF4EFC17E50DFBF60E35" box="[1001,1137,306,332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1995-08-16">16/08/1995</date>
|
||
) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB3FF4EFB73E50DFB460E35" box="[1165,1217,306,332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality). English Point,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFB3FF4EFF1DE565FED00E0D" box="[227,343,346,372]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mombasa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFB3FF4EFE98E565FE3F0E0D" box="[358,440,346,372]" name="Kenya" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
), green algae (
|
||
<quantity id="4C979B2BFFB3FF4EFD9DE565FD0D0E0D" box="[611,650,346,372]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="5.0">5m</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<date id="FFD1100EFFB3FF4EFD5CE565FCCE0E0D" box="[674,841,346,372]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1987-10">October 1987</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3756545FFB3FF4EFF3BE5BDFC1E0EBD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4EFF3BE5BDFC1E0EBD" blockId="16.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFF3BE5BDFEB50EE5" bold="true" box="[197,306,386,412]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material</emphasis>
|
||
. Studies on live animals. Four whole mounts (two from each locality), one of them designated
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB3FF4EFF69E595FF790EBD" box="[151,254,426,452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7EAE0BFFB3FF4EFEF3E595FEE10EBD" box="[269,358,426,452]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
, no. 7450), another one
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB3FF4EFD7FE595FD610EBD" box="[641,742,426,452]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(HU, no. 365).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3756545FFB3FF4EFF3BE5EDFE380D6D" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4EFF3BE5EDFE380D6D" blockId="16.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFF3BE5EDFECD0E95" bold="true" box="[197,330,466,492]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Named after Dr. Nikki Watson (Armidale,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFB3FF4EFCADE5EDFC440E95" box="[851,963,466,492]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), for her contributions to flatworm morphology and systematics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3756545FFB3FF4EFF3BE61DFBED0C55" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4EFF3BE61DFC030D1D" blockId="16.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFF3BE61DFED20D45" bold="true" box="[197,341,546,572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus and the internal organisation as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFC9DE61DFC670D42" box="[867,992,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. c o n t o r t a</emphasis>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB3FF4EFBDAE61DFAE90D45" author="Schockaert" box="[1060,1390,546,572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="26" refString="Schockaert, E. R. & Karling, T. G. (1975) Anatomy and taxonomy of some species of Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from N. Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal areas. Zoologica Scripta, 4, 133 - 143." type="journal article" year="1975">Schockaert & Karling 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In most specimens, the oviducts are swollen and filled with sperm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4EFF38E64DFBED0C55" blockId="16.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB3FF4EFE50E64DFE660DF5" box="[430,481,626,652]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
I is large and heavily built. It is 129–149 µm long (= 138, n = 4). It almost immediately makes a 270° turn, continues more or less straight for some distance and distally turns again 90°. The inner stylet can be followed over almost all of the length of the outer one. Just distally from the funnelshaped proximal end of the stylet, the outer stylet forms an inconspicuous fold that continues as a gutter along whole of the length of the outer stylet. In this fold presumably the sperm is drained.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3756545FFB3FF4EFF3BE705FDBD0CB5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4EFF3BE705FDBD0CB5" blockId="16.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFF3BE705FEBA0C2D" bold="true" box="[197,317,826,852]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFE2EE705FDCA0C2A" box="[464,589,826,851]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFE2EE705FDCA0C2A" box="[464,589,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paulodora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a heavily-built prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB3FF4EFC0CE705FBA20C2D" box="[1010,1061,826,852]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
I ca 138 µm long, immediately making a 270° turn, near to the distal tip again turning 90°. Outer stylet proximally forming an inconspicuous fold, continuing as a gutter to the distal tip of the stylet. Bursal stalk very short. Ovaries long-drawn, kidneyshaped. Seminal receptacles absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3756545FFB3FF4FFF3BE7E5FADA0863" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4EFF3BE7E5FCF90B3D" blockId="16.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFF3BE7E5FECE0C8D" bold="true" box="[197,329,986,1012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. The taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFE27E7E5FDD10C8A" box="[473,598,986,1011]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFE27E7E5FDD10C8A" box="[473,598,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paulodora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of a large number of very similar species, which are typically found in tropical areas all over the world, as well as in the Mediterranean. Only
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFBAAE03DFB550B62" box="[1108,1234,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. c o n t o r t a</emphasis>
|
||
occurs at higher latitudes (Swedish west coast, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB3FF4EFDD4E015FCF50B3D" author="Schockaert" box="[554,882,1066,1092]" pageId="16" pageNumber="26" refString="Schockaert, E. R. & Karling, T. G. (1975) Anatomy and taxonomy of some species of Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from N. Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal areas. Zoologica Scripta, 4, 133 - 143." type="journal article" year="1975">Schockaert & Karling 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4EFF38E06DFEEA0A4D" blockId="16.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The presence of the hard “nozzles” (x in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13542A4BFFB3FF4EFD5BE06DFD6F0B15" box="[677,744,1106,1132]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[203,1390,209,1490]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[187,1400,194,1491]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paulodora ancora n. sp. A, Prostate stylet type I (from the holotype). P. contortoides n. sp. B, Caudal body end (from a live specimen). C, Reconstruction of the atrial organs from the left side. D, Prostate stylet type I (from the holotype). E, Prostate stylet type I (from a specimen from La Réuniuon). P. drepanophora n. sp. F, Prostate stylet type I (from the holotype). P. h a m i f e r n. sp. G, Prostate stylet type I (from the holotype). P. porcellus n. sp. H, Prostate stylet type I (from the holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183376/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C) on the ovaries, the fact that the ejaculatory duct turns about 270° around the prostate vesicle, and the fact that the oviducts and/or the female duct are tightly grown together with the male bursa are unique and diagnostic features of the taxon, and most probably are synapomorphies of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFE23E0F4FDDD0B9D" box="[477,602,1227,1252]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFE23E0F4FDDD0B9D" box="[477,602,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paulodora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB3FF4EFD61E0F5FC660B9D" author="Artois" box="[671,993,1226,1252]" pageId="16" pageNumber="24" refString="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. (1998) A cladistic re-assessment of the Polycystis species complex (Polycystididae, Eukalyptorhynchia). Hydrobiologia, 383, 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="1998">Artois & Schockaert 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species differ from each other mostly in the detailed construction of the stylet, but also some features of the female system may differ from species to species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB3FF4FFF38E17DFA970E7B" blockId="16.[151,1437,266,2012]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,152,1818]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Most species have long-drawn, somewhat kidney-shaped ovaries with the oocytes arranged in rows, the smallest ones situated most proximally (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB3FF4EFD63E155FC530AFD" author="Artois" box="[669,980,1386,1412]" pageId="16" pageNumber="24" refString="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. (1998) A cladistic re-assessment of the Polycystis species complex (Polycystididae, Eukalyptorhynchia). Hydrobiologia, 383, 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="1998">Artois & Schockaert 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFBF6E154FB160AFD" box="[1032,1169,1387,1412]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="porcellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFBF6E154FB160AFD" box="[1032,1169,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. porcellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFB5EE154FA900AFD" box="[1184,1303,1387,1412]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hamifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFB5EE154FA900AFD" box="[1184,1303,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. hamifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFADBE154FF480AD5" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schockaerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFADBE154FF480AD5" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. schockaerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFEF2E1ACFE300AD5" box="[268,439,1427,1452]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Polycystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="subcontorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFEF2E1ACFE300AD5" box="[268,439,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. subcontorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, the ovaries are globular, as is the case in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFB8FE1ADFA9A0AD5" box="[1137,1309,1426,1452]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Polycystididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and even most Eukalyptorhynchia). The globular shape of the ovaries is therefore probably a synplesiomorphy of the four species mentioned. Three of these four species have seminal receptacles that are placed asymmetrically on the oviducts:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFEA7E234FD86095D" box="[345,513,1547,1572]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Polycystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="subcontorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFEA7E234FD86095D" box="[345,513,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. subcontorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFDEEE234FD00095D" box="[528,647,1547,1572]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hamifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFDEEE234FD00095D" box="[528,647,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. hamifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFD3EE234FCE4095D" box="[704,867,1547,1572]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schockaerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFD3EE234FCE4095D" box="[704,867,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. schockaerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The appearance of these vesicles can vary from small optically-transparent vacuoles in specimens that are female immature (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB3FF4EFB98E20DFAA90935" author="Schockaert" box="[1126,1326,1586,1612]" pageId="16" pageNumber="26" refString="Schockaert, E. R. (1982) Turbellaria from Somalia II. Kalyptorhynchia (Part 2). Monitore Zoologico Italiano (N. S.), Suppl. 17, 81 - 96." type="book chapter" year="1982">Schockaert 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to large vesicles with multiple sperm-containing compartments in specimens that had presumably just copulated, as is illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13542A4BFFB3FF4EFECAE2BDFEFC09E5" box="[308,379,1666,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[271,1321,183,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[256,1335,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paulodora schockaerti n. sp. A, Atrial organs (from a live specimen). B, Prostate stylet type I (from the holotype). P. subcontorta Schockaert, 1982 C, Prostate stylet type I (from a specimen from Zanzibar). P. watsoni n. sp. D, Prostate stylet type I (from the holotype). P. a n c o r a n. sp. E, picture of the prostate stylet type I (from the holotype). P. contortoides n. sp. F, idem (from the holotype), P. contortoides n. sp. F, idem (from the holotype), P. drepanophora n. sp. G, idem (from the holotype), P. porcellus n. sp. H, idem (from the holotype), P. hamifer n. sp. I, idem (from the holotype), P. schockaerti n. sp. J, idem (from the holotype), P. subcontorta Schockaert, 1982 K, idem (from the same specimen as C), P. w a t s o n i n. sp. L, idem (from the holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183377/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A. The presence of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB3FF4EFD66E2BDFD4C09E5" box="[664,715,1666,1692]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of receptacle is unique within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFB96E2BDFA9F09E5" box="[1128,1304,1666,1692]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Polycystididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and therefore these three species probably form a monophyletic group. Moreover,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFC12E294FA9209BD" box="[1004,1301,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFC12E294FB1509BD" box="[1004,1170,1707,1732]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schockaerti">P. schockaerti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFB63E294FA9209BD" box="[1181,1301,1707,1732]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hamifer">P. hamifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFAB3E294FF7C0995" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Polycystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="subcontorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFAB3E294FF7C0995" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. subcontorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all have a more-or-less hook-shaped stylet, with a straight proximal part and a longer, curved distal part. The proximal part is relatively longest in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFD46E2C4FCDC086D" box="[696,859,1787,1812]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schockaerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFD46E2C4FCDC086D" box="[696,859,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. schockaerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the stylet starting to curve only at about its midpoint. In this species, the semitubular fold of the outer stylet is just as long as the straight part itself. The large plate-like extension formed by the outer stylet is yet another typical feature that distinguishes this species from the other two species. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFDF8E34CFD0608F5" box="[518,641,1907,1932]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hamifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFDF8E34CFD0608F5" box="[518,641,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. hamifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFD42E34CFCE008F5" box="[700,871,1907,1932]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Polycystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="subcontorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFD42E34CFCE008F5" box="[700,871,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. subcontorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the straight proximal part of the stylet is much shorter. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFEE4E3A4FE1208CD" box="[282,405,1947,1972]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hamifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFEE4E3A4FE1208CD" box="[282,405,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. hamifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the semitubular fold of the proximal part of the outer stylet is still obvious, although smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFEB4E3FCFE6A08A5" box="[330,493,1987,2012]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schockaerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFEB4E3FCFE6A08A5" box="[330,493,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. schockaerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFD81E3FCFCA008A5" box="[639,807,1987,2012]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Polycystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="subcontorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFD81E3FCFCA008A5" box="[639,807,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. subcontorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is lacking. The stylet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB3FF4EFBA2E3FCFA8308A5" box="[1116,1284,1987,2012]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Polycystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="subcontorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB3FF4EFBA2E3FCFA8308A5" box="[1116,1284,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. subcontorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also much longer than in the other two species, which gives the stylet a more elegant appearance. The stylet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFAD2E4A7FF3E0FA0" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="porcellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFAD2E4A7FF3E0FA0" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. porcellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the same basic construction as in the other three species, but here the distal part is relatively longer and more slender, and is turned over a 270° angle, thereby losing the typical hook-shaped appearance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB2FF4FFF38E52FFEB40C23" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
All other species presented in this paper have the long-drawn ovaries typical of the taxon, and additional seminal receptacles are lacking. Of these remaining species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFCA4E507FB9A0E28" box="[858,1053,312,337]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="drepanophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFCA4E507FB9A0E28" box="[858,1053,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. drepanophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species with a sickleshaped stylet, somewhat comparable with the hook-shaped stylet of the species discussed above. However, in this species the “grip of the sickle” (probably) consists of the short, slightly curved proximal double-walled stylet proper, while the blade is formed by a flap-like projection that is attached to this stylet. In the four species discussed above, the sickle is formed by the entire prostate stylet. Only
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFBE1E5E7FBED0E88" box="[1055,1130,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. f e l i s</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFB80E5E7FAA40E8B" author="Marcus" box="[1150,1315,472,498]" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" refString="Marcus, E. (1954) Turbellaria Brazileiros (11). Papeis avulsos do Departemento de Zoologia-Secrataria da Agricultura- S. Paulo-Brazil, 11, 419 - 489." type="journal article" year="1954">Marcus, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFACDE5E7FEE20D63" author="Artois" pageId="17" pageNumber="24" refString="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. (1998) A cladistic re-assessment of the Polycystis species complex (Polycystididae, Eukalyptorhynchia). Hydrobiologia, 383, 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="1998">Artois & Schockaert, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFE5CE63FFC260D63" authority="Artois & Schockaert, 2001" authorityName="Artois & Schockaert" authorityYear="2001" box="[418,929,512,538]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="asymmetrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFE5CE63FFDD10D60" box="[418,598,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. asymmetrica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFD9EE63FFC260D63" author="Artois" box="[608,929,512,538]" pageId="17" pageNumber="25" refString="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. (2001) Interstitial fauna of the Galapagos: Duplacrorhynchinae, Macrorhynchinae, Polycystidinae, Gyratricinae (Platyhelminthes Polycystididae). Tropical Zoology, 14, 63 - 85." type="journal article" year="2001">Artois & Schockaert, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a similar sickle-shaped stylet. These two species have an identical stylet morphology, and therefore were considered subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFB25E617FAAF0D38" box="[1243,1320,552,577]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="felis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFB25E617FAAF0D38" box="[1243,1320,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. felis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFAADE617FE170D13" author="Artois" pageId="17" pageNumber="25" refString="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. (2001) Interstitial fauna of the Galapagos: Duplacrorhynchinae, Macrorhynchinae, Polycystidinae, Gyratricinae (Platyhelminthes Polycystididae). Tropical Zoology, 14, 63 - 85." type="journal article" year="2001">Artois & Schockaert (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They, however, clearly and consistently differ from each other in the construction of the female genital system, and hence are better treated as separate species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFC0FE647FAB90DEB" author="Artois" box="[1009,1342,632,658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="25" refString="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. (2001) Interstitial fauna of the Galapagos: Duplacrorhynchinae, Macrorhynchinae, Polycystidinae, Gyratricinae (Platyhelminthes Polycystididae). Tropical Zoology, 14, 63 - 85." type="journal article" year="2001">Artois & Schockaert (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB2FF4FFEDFE69FFE0F0DC3" box="[289,392,672,698]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFE47E69FFD230DC0" box="[441,676,672,697]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="subSpecies" species="felis" subSpecies="asymmetrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFE47E69FFD230DC0" box="[441,676,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. felis asymmetrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB2FF4FFCF5E69FFCE10DC3" box="[779,870,672,698]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
is present in the collections of the Zoologisches Museum der Universität Göttingen. From this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB2FF4FFD34E6F7FCAF0D9B" box="[714,808,712,738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, a serially-sectioned specimen should be designated
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB2FF4FFF69E6CFFE850C73" box="[151,258,752,778]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(whole mounts are lacking), but repeated requests for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFB2FF4FFC4EE6CFFB8C0C73" box="[944,1035,752,778]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
were unsuccessful up to now. For a diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFEBFE727FE750C48" box="[321,498,792,817]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="asymmetrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFEBFE727FE750C48" box="[321,498,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. asymmetrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFE04E728FDB30C48" bold="true" box="[506,564,791,817]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
, we refer to the diagnosis given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFC29E727FA9A0C4B" author="Artois" box="[983,1309,792,818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="25" refString="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. (2001) Interstitial fauna of the Galapagos: Duplacrorhynchinae, Macrorhynchinae, Polycystidinae, Gyratricinae (Platyhelminthes Polycystididae). Tropical Zoology, 14, 63 - 85." type="journal article" year="2001">Artois & Schockaert (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFAB0E727FEAA0C20" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
P. f e l i s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFF69E77FFEAA0C20" box="[151,301,832,857]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="asymmetrica">asymmetrica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB2FF4FFF38E757FD9C0B5B" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The stylet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFE9BE757FDAD0CF8" box="[357,554,872,897]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="drepanophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFE9BE757FDAD0CF8" box="[357,554,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. drepanophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
largely resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFC9EE757FC280CF8" box="[864,943,872,897]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="felis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFC9EE757FC280CF8" box="[864,943,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. felis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFC15E757FB190CF8" box="[1003,1182,872,897]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="asymmetrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFC15E757FB190CF8" box="[1003,1182,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. asymmetrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is much sturdier and distally ends in a very blunt tip. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFD92E7AFFD3C0CD0" box="[620,699,912,937]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="felis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFD92E7AFFD3C0CD0" box="[620,699,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. felis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFD08E7AFFC2E0CD0" box="[758,937,912,937]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="asymmetrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFD08E7AFFC2E0CD0" box="[758,937,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. asymmetrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the distal part of the stylet is slender and appears more fragile, distally ending in a more sharp point. Moreover, it is also much shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFAEDE787FF5A0C80" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="drepanophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFAEDE787FF5A0C80" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. drepanophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in the other two species, being only 53 µm long [84 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFC1EE7DFFB130C80" box="[992,1172,992,1017]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="asymmetrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFC1EE7DFFB130C80" box="[992,1172,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. asymmetrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 73–90 µm in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFABBE7DFFA170C80" box="[1349,1424,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. f e l i s</emphasis>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFF3DE037FD880B5B" author="Artois" box="[195,527,1032,1058]" pageId="17" pageNumber="25" refString="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. (2001) Interstitial fauna of the Galapagos: Duplacrorhynchinae, Macrorhynchinae, Polycystidinae, Gyratricinae (Platyhelminthes Polycystididae). Tropical Zoology, 14, 63 - 85." type="journal article" year="2001">Artois & Schockaert (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB2FF4FFF38E00FFBF30BE3" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The stylet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFE9DE00FFE540B30" box="[355,467,1072,1097]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ancora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFE9DE00FFE540B30" box="[355,467,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. ancora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
slightly resembles that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFCF4E00FFC000B30" box="[778,903,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. c o n t o r t a</emphasis>
|
||
, which also has a stylet that is bent at a right angle in about its middle (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFDFCE067FCC80B0B" author="Schockaert" box="[514,847,1112,1138]" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" refString="Schockaert, E. R. & Karling, T. G. (1975) Anatomy and taxonomy of some species of Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from N. Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal areas. Zoologica Scripta, 4, 133 - 143." type="journal article" year="1975">Schockaert & Karling 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The flap-like projections of the outer stylet are, however, much larger than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFE0AE0BFFDF60BE0" box="[500,625,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. c o n t o r t a</emphasis>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFD2DE0BFFCD30BE0" box="[723,852,1152,1177]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Polycystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFD2DE0BFFCD30BE0" box="[723,852,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. contorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the long spur is lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB2FF4FFF38E097FC150ACB" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
On the other hand, the stylet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFDC4E097FD6F0BB8" box="[570,744,1192,1217]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="contortoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFDC4E097FD6F0BB8" box="[570,744,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. contortoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFBE5E097FB1D0BB8" box="[1051,1178,1192,1217]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Polycystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFBE5E097FB1D0BB8" box="[1051,1178,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. contorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, some consistent differences can be found, justifying the appointment of a new species for the specimens from the Indian Ocean.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFEBBE0C7FE4F0A68" box="[325,456,1272,1297]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Polycystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFEBBE0C7FE4F0A68" box="[325,456,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. contorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a stylet that also bends at a right angle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFC23E0C7FAAD0A6B" author="Schockaert" box="[989,1322,1272,1298]" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" refString="Schockaert, E. R. & Karling, T. G. (1975) Anatomy and taxonomy of some species of Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from N. Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal areas. Zoologica Scripta, 4, 133 - 143." type="journal article" year="1975">Schockaert & Karling 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is much larger (51–57 µm) and is bent about in its middle. In this species the outer stylet forms one plate-like extension, which winds around the stylet and follows its course throughout its whole length. Compared to the situation in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFEDAE14FFE5B0AF0" box="[292,476,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFEDAE14FFE5F0AF0" box="[292,472,1392,1417]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="contortoides">P. contortoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the part of the plate that is parallel to the proximal part of the stylet starts much more proximally in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFE7EE1A7FE7A0AC8" box="[384,509,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. c o n t o r t a</emphasis>
|
||
, just beneath the proximal funnel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFB2FF4FFF38E1FFFADA0863" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,1818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFEAAE1FFFE4A0AA0" box="[340,461,1472,1497]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="watsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFEAAE1FFFE4A0AA0" box="[340,461,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFCEAE1FFFC160AA0" box="[788,913,1472,1497]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFCEAE1FFFC160AA0" box="[788,913,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paulodora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have an elongated stylet that makes a large turn:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFF28E1D7FD98097B" authority="Marcus, 1948" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1948" box="[214,543,1512,1538]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="matarazzoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFF28E1D7FEF20978" box="[214,373,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. matarazzoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFE83E1D7FD98097B" author="Marcus" box="[381,543,1512,1538]" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" refString="Marcus, E. (1948) Turbellaria do Brasil. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de S. Paulo, 13, 111 - 243." type="journal article" year="1948">Marcus, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFDA7E1D7FA1F097B" authority="(Pereyaslawzewa, 1892) Artois & Schockaert, 1998" authorityName="(Pereyaslawzewa, 1892) Artois & Schockaert" authorityYear="1998" box="[601,1432,1512,1538]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dolichocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFDA7E1D7FCAC0978" box="[601,811,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. dolichocephala</emphasis>
|
||
(Pereyaslawzewa, 1892)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFB2FF4FFBA7E1D7FA1F097B" author="Artois" box="[1113,1432,1512,1538]" pageId="17" pageNumber="24" refString="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. (1998) A cladistic re-assessment of the Polycystis species complex (Polycystididae, Eukalyptorhynchia). Hydrobiologia, 383, 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="1998">Artois & Schockaert, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both, however, have a more slender and much longer stylet. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFC85E22FFBCB0950" box="[891,1100,1552,1577]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dolichocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFC85E22FFBCB0950" box="[891,1100,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. dolichocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it turns over more than 360° and the outer stylet proximally forms a very large fold. This fold is lacking in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFBC7E207FB520928" box="[1081,1237,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. m a t a r a z z o i</emphasis>
|
||
, which makes it more reminiscent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFE75E25FFD840900" box="[395,515,1632,1657]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="watsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFE75E25FFD840900" box="[395,515,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However the exceptional length of the stylet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFBBDE25FFB650900" box="[1091,1250,1632,1657]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="matarazzoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFBBDE25FFB650900" box="[1091,1250,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. matarazzoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, its slenderness and the fact that it coils much more make it clearly different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFC02E2B7FBF209D8" box="[1020,1141,1672,1697]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="watsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFC02E2B7FBF209D8" box="[1020,1141,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the three species discussed here the bursal stalk is rather long and slender, and at least in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFC19E28FFB3C09B0" box="[999,1211,1712,1737]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dolichocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFC19E28FFB3C09B0" box="[999,1211,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. dolichocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFB04E28FFA1F09B0" box="[1274,1432,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. m a t a r a z z o i</emphasis>
|
||
(partly) covered by a basement membrane (pseudocuticula) only. In all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFB2FF4FFB63E2E7FA9D0988" box="[1181,1306,1752,1777]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paulodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFB2FF4FFB63E2E7FA9D0988" box="[1181,1306,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paulodora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the bursal stalk is much shorter, and covered by an epithelium that in some cases is degenerating (pseudociliation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |