347 lines
50 KiB
XML
347 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="F4B20ACEFF9D6B12F3FD835DE0DBD799" ID-CLB-Dataset="276815" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5165.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0b3e63f8-e436-4933-8175-1fc0e46bffe1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6831887" ID-ZooBank="87810F4C-9824-4EBB-AE58-1CCFD65FDEE3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657785028843" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Peña Cantero, Álvaro L." docDate="2022" docId="03A987E5FFE30D5B2391FD0034B56104" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5165.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5165 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Candelabrum bitentaculatum Peña Cantero 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="278" masterDocId="FF90FF9DFFE20D5F2306FFA8375E6339" masterDocTitle="On a few benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Kerguelen Islands (southern Indian Ocean), including the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="286" masterPageNumber="274" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1699362667074" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DC3DA7CF098C74310F378E5BFBC0DAED">On a few benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Kerguelen Islands (southern Indian Ocean), including the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="35BA4701793E512DB4F1EF7F140D95F1">Peña Cantero, Álvaro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B02B6ADEE886A33A5F2AA52494DA8C77">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9653D902344E0AAC1FA3A7DDEE1F30B2">
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<mods:date id="6279353FE817575FF367A791F5B2B923">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="86A0A51DCE62845E30541D0AF86EE514">2022-07-14</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="263F0F35B9CB268C84D62144E65B13DC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5165.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A987E5FFE30D5B2391FD0034B56104" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831875" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217277732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6831875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987E5FFE30D5B2391FD0034B56104" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987E5FFE30D5B2391FD0034B56104" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
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<subSubSection id="C31A6578FFE30D5E2391FD00353E61FB" box="[151,608,680,707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E2391FD00353E61FB" blockId="1.[151,608,680,742]" box="[151,608,680,707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
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<heading id="D0F7819FFFE30D5E2391FD00353E61FB" bold="true" box="[151,608,680,707]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E2391FD00353E61FB" bold="true" box="[151,608,680,707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E2391FD0036A261FA" ID-CoL="f91ec702-5f8c-46f3-8215-fb89a89174c8" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,508,680,707]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E2391FD0036A261FA" bold="true" box="[151,508,680,707]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE30D5E2105FD00353E61FB" box="[515,608,680,706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A6578FFE30D5E2391FD64365561DF" box="[151,267,716,742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E2391FD64365561DF" blockId="1.[151,608,680,742]" box="[151,267,716,742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133B2A76FFE30D5E2399FD64365C61DF" box="[159,258,716,742]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox-0="[245,1345,179,1837]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,166,1608]" captionTargetId-0="figure-16@2.[242,1345,179,1838]" captionTargetId-1="figure-27@3.[151,1436,166,1608]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, hydranth; B, basal and middle part of polyp; C, general view of polyp’s gonophore-bearing middle part; D, blastostyles with gonophores; E, blastostyles; F, general view of a portion of polyp’s distal part showing the location of putative male gonophore (arrow), with close-up showing that gonophore; G, general view of basal part of polyp; H, basal part of hydranth showing blastostyle-like structures (arrow pointing to one of them clearly showing the capitate and sucker tentacles), close-up showing sucker tentacles with perisarc plate. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (D)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, discharged microbasic eurytele; B, undischarged microbasic eurytele (arrow); C, larger and smaller desmonemes and?mastigophore (arrow); D, larger and smaller desmonemes; E, discharged desmoneme; F, stenotele. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831889" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831891" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6831889/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6831891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A6578FFE30D5E2391FCBC363E606B" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E2391FCBC363E606B" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E2391FCBC36DF6017" bold="true" box="[151,385,788,814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B683CAEFFE30D5E228FFCBC363E606B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4435920301" collectionCode="MNHN, IK" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54BB8851FFE30D5E228FFCBC36A86017" box="[393,502,788,814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: PROTEKER 2:
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<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E21B3FCBD34116017" box="[693,847,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Baie Philippe</emphasis>
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, one polyp
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<quantity id="4CF89B16FFE30D5E20D3FCBC336C6016" box="[981,1074,788,815]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="108.0">108 mm</quantity>
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long, with gonophores (
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<collectionCode id="ED11AE36FFE30D5E2643FCBC32C26017" box="[1349,1436,788,814]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">MNHN</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED11AE36FFE30D5E2391FC9037E8606B" box="[151,182,824,850]" country="Ukraine" name="Zoological Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">IK</collectionCode>
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–2012–10431).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A6578FFE30D5E23C1FCF434ED6672" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E23C1FCF4327F60A3" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E23C1FCF4360F604F" bold="true" box="[199,337,860,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Description</emphasis>
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. Hydranth about
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<quantity id="4CF89B16FFE30D5E211CFCF43526604E" box="[538,632,860,887]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="108.0">108 mm</quantity>
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long, with an 8 mm-long basal part, a gonophore-bearing middle part, about
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<quantity id="4CF89B16FFE30D5E23DAFC28367560A2" box="[220,299,896,923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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long, and a 60 mm-long distal part provided with hundreds of capitate tentacles (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A76FFE30D5E27BCFC28324D60A3" box="[1210,1299,896,922]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,179,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-16@2.[242,1345,179,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, hydranth; B, basal and middle part of polyp; C, general view of polyp’s gonophore-bearing middle part; D, blastostyles with gonophores; E, blastostyles; F, general view of a portion of polyp’s distal part showing the location of putative male gonophore (arrow), with close-up showing that gonophore; G, general view of basal part of polyp; H, basal part of hydranth showing blastostyle-like structures (arrow pointing to one of them clearly showing the capitate and sucker tentacles), close-up showing sucker tentacles with perisarc plate. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831889/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E23C1FC0D365F6777" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
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Mature blastostyles unbranched, short, with up to six distal capitate tentacles and up to three basal, spherical gonophores in close proximity (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A76FFE30D5E2105FC60352260DB" box="[515,636,968,994]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,179,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-16@2.[242,1345,179,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, hydranth; B, basal and middle part of polyp; C, general view of polyp’s gonophore-bearing middle part; D, blastostyles with gonophores; E, blastostyles; F, general view of a portion of polyp’s distal part showing the location of putative male gonophore (arrow), with close-up showing that gonophore; G, general view of basal part of polyp; H, basal part of hydranth showing blastostyle-like structures (arrow pointing to one of them clearly showing the capitate and sucker tentacles), close-up showing sucker tentacles with perisarc plate. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831889/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1B–E</figureCitation>
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). The most basal gonophore barely developed, the others mature (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A76FFE30D5E2669FC6037E2673F" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,179,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-16@2.[242,1345,179,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, hydranth; B, basal and middle part of polyp; C, general view of polyp’s gonophore-bearing middle part; D, blastostyles with gonophores; E, blastostyles; F, general view of a portion of polyp’s distal part showing the location of putative male gonophore (arrow), with close-up showing that gonophore; G, general view of basal part of polyp; H, basal part of hydranth showing blastostyle-like structures (arrow pointing to one of them clearly showing the capitate and sucker tentacles), close-up showing sucker tentacles with perisarc plate. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831889/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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). Number of tentacles on blastostyles without gonophores ranging from a single distal tentacle to six (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A76FFE30D5E263FFC4437F26713" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,179,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-16@2.[242,1345,179,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, hydranth; B, basal and middle part of polyp; C, general view of polyp’s gonophore-bearing middle part; D, blastostyles with gonophores; E, blastostyles; F, general view of a portion of polyp’s distal part showing the location of putative male gonophore (arrow), with close-up showing that gonophore; G, general view of basal part of polyp; H, basal part of hydranth showing blastostyle-like structures (arrow pointing to one of them clearly showing the capitate and sucker tentacles), close-up showing sucker tentacles with perisarc plate. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831889/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1B– E</figureCitation>
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). A few gonophores, the most distal ones, arising directly from the polyp’s body wall between normal tentacles (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A76FFE30D5E2399FB9C37AA6777" box="[159,244,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,179,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-16@2.[242,1345,179,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, hydranth; B, basal and middle part of polyp; C, general view of polyp’s gonophore-bearing middle part; D, blastostyles with gonophores; E, blastostyles; F, general view of a portion of polyp’s distal part showing the location of putative male gonophore (arrow), with close-up showing that gonophore; G, general view of basal part of polyp; H, basal part of hydranth showing blastostyle-like structures (arrow pointing to one of them clearly showing the capitate and sucker tentacles), close-up showing sucker tentacles with perisarc plate. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831889/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E23C1FBF036586783" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
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Hydranth basal part with blastostyle-like structures with four distal capitate tentacles, but also with five sucker tentacles below, forming a sort of crown (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A76FFE30D5E2177FBD435B067AF" box="[625,750,1148,1174]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,179,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-16@2.[242,1345,179,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, hydranth; B, basal and middle part of polyp; C, general view of polyp’s gonophore-bearing middle part; D, blastostyles with gonophores; E, blastostyles; F, general view of a portion of polyp’s distal part showing the location of putative male gonophore (arrow), with close-up showing that gonophore; G, general view of basal part of polyp; H, basal part of hydranth showing blastostyle-like structures (arrow pointing to one of them clearly showing the capitate and sucker tentacles), close-up showing sucker tentacles with perisarc plate. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831889/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1G–H</figureCitation>
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). Some of the sucker tentacles with a small piece of perisarc (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A76FFE30D5E2399FB0837A76783" box="[159,249,1184,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,179,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-16@2.[242,1345,179,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, hydranth; B, basal and middle part of polyp; C, general view of polyp’s gonophore-bearing middle part; D, blastostyles with gonophores; E, blastostyles; F, general view of a portion of polyp’s distal part showing the location of putative male gonophore (arrow), with close-up showing that gonophore; G, general view of basal part of polyp; H, basal part of hydranth showing blastostyle-like structures (arrow pointing to one of them clearly showing the capitate and sucker tentacles), close-up showing sucker tentacles with perisarc plate. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831889/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E23C1FB6C34ED6672" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
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Cnidome (
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<figureCitation id="133B2A76FFE30D5E2246FB6C36D967E7" box="[320,391,1220,1246]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1624,1648]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-27@3.[151,1436,166,1608]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, discharged microbasic eurytele; B, undischarged microbasic eurytele (arrow); C, larger and smaller desmonemes and?mastigophore (arrow); D, larger and smaller desmonemes; E, discharged desmoneme; F, stenotele. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831891/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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) consisting of microbasic euryteles [22.6±1.1 x 8.9±0.5 µm (n= 10), range 21–24 x 8–10 µm],?mastigophores [20.1±0.9 x 6.3±0.3 µm (n= 10), range 19–21.5 x 6–6.5 µm], larger desmonemes [13.1±0.2 x 10.1±0.2 µm (n= 10), range 13 x 10–10.5 µm], smaller desmonemes [9.3±0.4 x 6.4±0.3 µm (n= 10), range 9–10 x 6–7 µm] and stenoteles [11±0.0 x 9±0.0 µm (n= 10), range 11 x 9 µm].
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31A6578FFE30D5B23C1FAFC34466294" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E23C1FAFC359D66E3" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E23C1FAFC36656657" bold="true" box="[199,315,1364,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Although the area below the gonophore-bearing blastostyles extends over the basal eight millimetres, the blastostyle-like structures described above, provided with both capitate and sucker tentacles, only extent over the most basal five millimetres. If the presence of these sucker tentacles defined the basal part of the polyp, it then would be shorter, only five millimetres long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E23C1FA4C321D651B" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
|
||
The isolated gonophores arising directly from the hydranth body wall between tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A76FFE30D5E27C4FA4C324966C7" box="[1218,1303,1508,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,179,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-16@2.[242,1345,179,1838]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov.: A, hydranth; B, basal and middle part of polyp; C, general view of polyp’s gonophore-bearing middle part; D, blastostyles with gonophores; E, blastostyles; F, general view of a portion of polyp’s distal part showing the location of putative male gonophore (arrow), with close-up showing that gonophore; G, general view of basal part of polyp; H, basal part of hydranth showing blastostyle-like structures (arrow pointing to one of them clearly showing the capitate and sucker tentacles), close-up showing sucker tentacles with perisarc plate. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831889/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
), above the blastostyle area, might represent male gonophores. If this were the case, the species would be monoecious.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E23C1F98432D865B7" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E23C1F9843551657F" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,527,1580,1606]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E23C1F9843551657F" box="[199,527,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E2113F9843533657F" bold="true" box="[533,621,1580,1606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE30D5E2113F9843533657F" box="[533,621,1580,1606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from all known species of the genus by the unique blastostyle-like structure of the basal part of the polyp. From the southern hemisphere
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E209AF9F833686553" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" box="[924,1078,1616,1642]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E209AF9F833686553" box="[924,1078,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E279FF9F837BB65B7" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E279FF9F837BB65B7" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E23EAF9DC361865B7" bold="true" box="[236,326,1652,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE30D5E23EAF9DC361865B7" box="[236,326,1652,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also differs in several important features, mainly concerning the gonophore-bearing blastostyles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E23C1F93136586427" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
|
||
By having unbranched blastostyles, the present species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E20DCF93032C9658B" authority="(Briggs, 1928)" baseAuthorityName="Briggs" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[986,1431,1688,1714]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E20DCF93033BB658B" box="[986,1253,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B02FFE30D5E27F1F93032CE658B" author="Briggs, E. A." box="[1271,1424,1688,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" pagination="305 - 315" refId="ref7284" refString="Briggs, E. A. (1928) Studies in Australian athecate hydroids. I. Two new species of the genus Myriothela. Records of the Australian Museum, 16 (7), 305 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.16.1928.792" type="journal article" year="1928">Briggs, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose blastostyles have an irregularly lobed base, from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E201DF914339965EF" authority="(Manton, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Manton" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[795,1223,1724,1750]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="penola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E201DF914335465EF" box="[795,1034,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum penola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B02FFE30D5E271DF91433E165EF" author="Manton, S. M." box="[1051,1215,1724,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" pagination="255 - 293" refId="ref7902" refString="Manton, S. M. (1940) On two new species of the hydroid Myriothela. Scientific Reports of the British Graham Land Expedition, 1 (4), 255 - 293." type="journal article" year="1940">Manton, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has irregularly lobed or branched blastostyles, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E21B4F94833D065C3" authority="(Briggs, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Briggs" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[690,1166,1760,1786]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="meridianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E21B4F948348265C3" box="[690,988,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum meridianum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B02FFE30D5E20E8F94833D965C3" author="Briggs, E. A." box="[1006,1159,1760,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref7338" refString="Briggs, E. A. (1938). Hydroida. Scientific Report of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911 - 1914, 9 (4), 1 - 46, pls. 15 - 16." type="journal article" year="1938">Briggs, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose blastostyles are branched.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5E23C1F88136B264B3" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
|
||
In the arrangement of the blastostyles, which have no defined pattern,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E20E8F8803266647B" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[1006,1336,1832,1858]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E20E8F8803266647B" box="[1006,1336,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E2647F88032C2647B" bold="true" box="[1345,1436,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE30D5E2647F88032C2647B" box="[1345,1436,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E2222F8E43583645F" authority="(Manton, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Manton" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[292,733,1868,1894]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E2222F8E4357B645F" box="[292,549,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum capensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B02FFE30D5E2133F8E4358A645F" author="Manton, S. M." box="[565,724,1868,1894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" pagination="255 - 293" refId="ref7902" refString="Manton, S. M. (1940) On two new species of the hydroid Myriothela. Scientific Reports of the British Graham Land Expedition, 1 (4), 255 - 293." type="journal article" year="1940">Manton, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E2015F8E53322645F" authority="(Millard, 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Millard" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[787,1148,1868,1895]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tentaculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E2015F8E53498645F" box="[787,966,1868,1895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">C. tentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B02FFE30D5E20D3F8E4332B645F" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[981,1141,1868,1894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" pagination="427 - 487" refId="ref8057" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1966) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part III. The Gymnoblastea and small families of the Calyptoblastea. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (18), 427 - 487." type="journal article" year="1966">Millard, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the blastostyles are arranged in a single whorl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE30D5C23C1F83D3695645F" blockId="1.[151,1437,788,2038]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,1764,2033]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
|
||
In the number of gonophores per blastostyle,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E21DAF83C33766497" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[732,1064,1940,1966]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E21DAF83C33766497" box="[732,1064,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E2735F83C33CE6497" bold="true" box="[1075,1168,1940,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE30D5E2735F83C33CE6497" box="[1075,1168,1940,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also differs from most species. As indicated above, there are only three gonophores, the most basal one barely developed. By contrast, in the species considered, the number of gonophores is higher. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE30D5E2081F874326E64CF" authority="(Briggs, 1928)" baseAuthorityName="Briggs" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[903,1328,2012,2038]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE30D5E2081F87433DA64CF" box="[903,1156,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="275">Candelabrum australe</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B02FFE30D5E2792F874327964CF" author="Briggs, E. A." box="[1172,1319,2012,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="275" pagination="305 - 315" refId="ref7284" refString="Briggs, E. A. (1928) Studies in Australian athecate hydroids. I. Two new species of the genus Myriothela. Records of the Australian Museum, 16 (7), 305 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.16.1928.792" type="journal article" year="1928">Briggs, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three to four mature and six to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D06FD7AFFE10D5C22B0F94C353E65C7" box="[438,608,1764,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" type="immature">eight immature</specimenCount>
|
||
gonophores,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C21FCF94C343965C7" baseAuthorityName="Manton" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[762,871,1764,1790]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="penola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C21FCF94C343965C7" box="[762,871,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">C. penola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has up to 10 gonophores,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C2797F94C324D65C7" baseAuthorityName="Manton" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1169,1299,1764,1790]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C2797F94C324D65C7" box="[1169,1299,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nine and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C2685F94C36776419" baseAuthorityName="Millard" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tentaculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C2685F94C36776419" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">C. tentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C2265F8AE34FC6418" authority="Galea & Schories, 2014" authorityName="Galea & Schories" authorityYear="2014" box="[355,930,1798,1825]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C2265F8AE35D76419" box="[355,649,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">Candelabrum valdiviensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B02FFE10D5C2194F8AE34FC6418" author="Galea, H. R. & Schories, D. & Forsterra, G. & Haussermann, V." box="[658,930,1798,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref7418" refString="Galea, H. R., Schories, D., Forsterra, G. & Haussermann, V. (2014) New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa, 3852 (1), 1 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3852.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Galea & Schories, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to eight. Even
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C2771F8AE36C0647A" authority="(Jaderholm, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="austrogeorgiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C2771F8AE3799647A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">Candelabrum austrogeorgiae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B02FFE10D5C23D0F88136C8647A" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[214,406,1833,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref7648" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1904) Mitteilungen ueber einige von der Schwedischen Antarctic-Expedition 1901 - 1903 eingesammelte Hydroiden. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Series 4, 3 (Notes et Revue 1), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1904">Jäderholm, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose blastostyles usually have one to three gonophores, has been observed with up to six gonophores per blastostyle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7F667BFFE00D5D2391F8E0323B64C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6831889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831889/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="276" startId="2.[151,250,1864,1888]" targetBox="[245,1345,179,1837]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE00D5D2391F8E0323B64C9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1864,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE00D5D2391F8E0364D6459" bold="true" box="[151,275,1864,1888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="276">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE00D5D221CF8E0351A6459" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[282,580,1864,1888]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="276" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE00D5D221CF8E0351A6459" box="[282,580,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="276">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE00D5D214CF8E035C56459" bold="true" box="[586,667,1864,1888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE00D5D214CF8E035C56459" box="[586,667,1864,1888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="276" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: A, hydranth; B, basal and middle part of polyp; C, general view of polyp’s gonophore-bearing middle part; D, blastostyles with gonophores; E, blastostyles; F, general view of a portion of polyp’s distal part showing the location of putative male gonophore (arrow), with close-up showing that gonophore; G, general view of basal part of polyp; H, basal part of hydranth showing blastostyle-like structures (arrow pointing to one of them clearly showing the capitate and sucker tentacles), close-up showing sucker tentacles with perisarc plate. Scale bar: 10 mm (A, B), 5 mm (D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7F667BFFE10D5C2391F9F035716580" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6831891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831891/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" startId="3.[151,250,1624,1648]" targetBox="[151,1436,166,1608]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE10D5C2391F9F035716580" blockId="3.[151,1437,1624,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C2391F9F0364B6549" bold="true" box="[151,277,1624,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C2218F9F035146549" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[286,586,1624,1648]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C2218F9F035146549" box="[286,586,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C2154F9F035FB6549" bold="true" box="[594,677,1624,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE10D5C2154F9F035FB6549" box="[594,677,1624,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: A, discharged microbasic eurytele; B, undischarged microbasic eurytele (arrow); C, larger and smaller desmonemes and?mastigophore (arrow); D, larger and smaller desmonemes; E, discharged desmoneme; F, stenotele. Scale bar: 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE10D5C23C1F8C7340464C9" blockId="3.[151,1437,1764,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">
|
||
In the number of tentacles on the blastostyles,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C21CAF8C6334B64B1" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[716,1045,1902,1928]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C21CAF8C6334B64B1" box="[716,1045,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C271AF8C7332B64B0" bold="true" box="[1052,1141,1903,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE10D5C271AF8C7332B64B0" box="[1052,1141,1903,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which has up to six distal tentacles, differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C2291F83A35616492" baseAuthorityName="Briggs" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[407,575,1937,1964]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="meridianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C2291F83A35616492" box="[407,575,1937,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">C. meridianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has none, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C2038F83A34996492" baseAuthorityName="Briggs" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[830,967,1937,1964]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C2038F83A34996492" box="[830,967,1937,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">C. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has only one distal tentacle.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C2662F83A36EC64F7" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="austrogeorgiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C2662F83A36EC64F7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">Candelabrum austrogeorgiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has either a single stout, elongated tentacle at the tip, or a few smaller, weakly developed ones. On the other end,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE10D5C22A4F87F350B64C9" baseAuthorityName="Millard" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[418,597,2006,2033]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="277" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tentaculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE10D5C22A4F87F350B64C9" box="[418,597,2006,2033]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="277">C. tentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has about 25 tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE60D5B23C1FF3F368263EC" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">
|
||
By its naked basal part,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE60D5B22D7FF3F34476388" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[465,793,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B22D7FF3F34476388" box="[465,793,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B2019FF3F34266388" bold="true" box="[799,888,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE60D5B2019FF3F34266388" box="[799,888,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE60D5B2738FF3F33986388" baseAuthorityName="Briggs" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1086,1222,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="harrisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B2738FF3F33986388" box="[1086,1222,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">C. harrisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the basal part is covered with perisarc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE60D5B23C1FF7734466294" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B02FFE60D5B23C1FF7736D363C0" author="Vanhoffen, E." box="[199,397,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" pagination="269 - 340" refId="ref8525" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11 (Zoology 3), 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE60D5B22FFFF77341A63C1" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[505,836,223,249]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="austrogeorgiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B22FFFF77341A63C1" box="[505,836,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">Candelabrum austrogeorgiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE60D5B2075FF7733F263C0" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1904" box="[883,1196,223,249]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Myriothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="austro-georgiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B2075FF7733F263C0" box="[883,1196,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">Myriothela Austro-georgiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Kerguelen, indicating that his material coincided completely with the upper part of the specimen depicted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B02FFE60D5B27B1FEAB322A6224" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[1207,1396,258,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref7690" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von derschwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm (1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 2, fig. 1). However, Vanhöffen’s material consisted of a 10-mm-long fragment corresponding to the most distal part of a polyp, with about 40 rows of densely packed, capitate tentacles. In the light of the present results, it is plausible to consider that Vanhöffen’s material could actually belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE60D5B2040FEC733D062B0" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[838,1166,367,393]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B2040FEC733D062B0" box="[838,1166,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B2792FEC733B362B0" bold="true" box="[1172,1261,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE60D5B2792FEC733B362B0" box="[1172,1261,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which also has a distal part provided with hundreds of capitate tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31A6578FFE60D5B23C1FE1F36A862CC" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE60D5B23C1FE1F36A862CC" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B23C1FE1F36AB62E9" bold="true" box="[199,501,438,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE60D5B22FDFE1F341D62E8" authority="Peña Cantero, 2022" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[507,835,439,465]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B22FDFE1F341D62E8" box="[507,835,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">Candelabrum bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B204CFE1F34FD62E8" bold="true" box="[842,931,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247579AFFE60D5B204CFE1F34FD62E8" box="[842,931,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was collected at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B16FFE60D5B27D0FE1F324262E8" box="[1238,1308,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" unit="m" value="102.0">102 m</quantity>
|
||
in Philippe Bay; gonophores in November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31A6578FFE60D5B23C1FE5734B56104" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36F3FFE60D5B23C1FE5734B56104" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B23C1FE5736106120" bold="true" box="[199,334,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D70FFE60D5B2135FE5735856120" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2022" box="[563,731,511,537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Candelabridae" genus="Candelabrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bitentaculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAE1FFE60D5B2135FE5735856120" box="[563,731,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="278">bitentaculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the presence of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D06FD7AFFE60D5B2701FE57332B6120" box="[1031,1141,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="278" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of tentacles, capitate and sucker-tentacles, in the blastostyle-like structures of the hydranth basal part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |