321 lines
29 KiB
XML
321 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="5A8664BEE99E6C2B81D604B64DB2E9D0" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4225.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="37263" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.259087" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05be601b-f9f1-4952-ac09-7012ef31aab0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="259087" ID-ZooBank="4676EE59-569B-4197-B108-9B32FD88E68E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1485243787505" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Skartveit, John & Nel, André" docDate="2017" docId="03A9879CFFCAF40A45D335907EC43F67" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4225.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4225 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Plecia maimensis Gentilini 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FF90FFE4FFFEF43C4544344E7D193E27" masterDocTitle="Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698436270113" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="4E2292D76D1C7BCDB0E3FE2FC11B0524" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="824EF6755B3ED55C06E37F41D7CAC98E">
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<mods:title id="310D391A01113F7A3FB3DFC8BE6E5B22">Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7884168063C8197D4ED631C1AE75BB80" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5F233D967EF6B5AAB06C652445FBC0D0">Skartveit, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="19B7F9A3BF4814F733B5136DF1659DBC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="575E005DE784818B215FB98F428440E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D9C0A29D109A30B5D85B920A3CC6897D">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C7FCA79F8FB66CD9173C0EA7DC4D7889">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="17CF08283EC20089160E1D4F4127004B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9ADF5B2402A2E4DB4FD302F489B5F397">
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<mods:date id="7B3A295E68741370ACFA290EC434C1BC">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A7CA532F249852558A060C1BE88D48EC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8059F903D21897F563744C7BF13358AD">4225</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7C541BDF009BD002414C28D95802D3B8" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6CBED8E2231F7A5115C58B37EFC45D34">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A0BA3FA667EF5464CB4427644C574E05">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2C3EAEB84CF2047283E9C55D4D7727A8" type="CLB-Dataset">37263</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F758744689F02DD06660540BB79EE9C9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.259087</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BB0C77B7F466171B7DC36AFBC5C8A530" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A912D9C104BF51BD061229D176314393" type="Zenodo-Dep">259087</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A9879CFFCAF40A45D335907EC43F67" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6039650" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127624366" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6039650" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9879CFFCAF40A45D335907EC43F67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9879CFFCAF40A45D335907EC43F67" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="C31A6501FFCAF40845D335907C843C3D" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF40845D335907F303FDF" blockId="52.[151,553,478,538]" box="[151,553,478,504]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="D0F781E6FFCAF40845D335907F303FDF" bold="true" box="[151,553,478,504]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D09FFCAF40845D335907F303FDF" ID-CoL="8DFGN" authority="Gentilini, 1993" authorityName="Gentilini" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,553,478,504]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maimensis">
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40845D335907F303FDF" bold="true" box="[151,553,478,504]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40845D335907C703FDF" bold="true" box="[151,361,478,504]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Plecia maimensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B7BFFCAF408443535907F303FDF" author="Gentilini" box="[369,553,478,504]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Gentilini, G. (1993) New species of Plecia from the Oligocene of Southeastern France. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 125, 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="1993">Gentilini, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF40845D3364F7C843C3D" blockId="52.[151,553,478,538]" box="[151,413,513,538]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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(Figs. 45
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40845BE364C7C113C3E" box="[250,264,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
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46, 149
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF4084418364C7C733C3E" box="[348,362,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
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153)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A6501FFCAF40845D336077E983CCA" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF40845D336077F3A3C78" blockId="52.[151,547,585,607]" box="[151,547,585,607]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1011A4FFCAF40845D336077F3A3C78" box="[151,547,585,607]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D09FFCAF40845D336077F063C78" ID-CoL="8DFGN" authority="Gentilini, 1993: 158" authorityName="Gentilini" authorityPageNumber="158" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,543,585,607]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maimensis">
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40845D336077C503C78" box="[151,329,585,607]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Plecia maimensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA1109BFFCAF408440B36077F063C78" author="Gentilini" box="[335,543,585,607]" page="158" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF914B7BFFCAF408440B36077CF53C78" author="Gentilini" box="[335,492,585,607]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Gentilini, G. (1993) New species of Plecia from the Oligocene of Southeastern France. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 125, 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="1993">Gentilini, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 158
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF40845D336C37E983CCA" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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We have not studied the type of this species. It is possibly a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D09FFCAF408468736C2794B3C83" box="[963,1106,652,676]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="livida">
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408468736C2794B3C83" box="[963,1106,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Plecia livida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but this is uncertain. Unique among fossil bibionids, this species was described from a male and female specimen
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408410836FF79AD3CEF" box="[1100,1204,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">in copula</emphasis>
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, thus the association of male and female is less tentative than in the other fossil species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A6501FFCAF408458336B67CC63D86" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458336B67FC33D13" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408458336B67CAB3D36" bold="true" box="[199,434,760,785]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Material (tentative)</emphasis>
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Males: RGL Bois d’Asson 3, Bois d’Asson 24, Bois d’Asson 85, Bois d’Asson 90, Bois d’Asson 122, Bois d’Asson 139, Bois d’Asson 179.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF4084583370E7F273D5A" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Females: RGL Dauphin 1, Dauphin 2, Bois d’Asson 4, Dauphin 28, Bois d’Asson 70, Dauphin 132, Dauphin 144, Dauphin 172, Bois d’Asson 176.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458337C67CC63D86" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" box="[199,479,904,929]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408458337C67C583D86" bold="true" box="[199,321,904,929]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Localities.</emphasis>
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Bois d’Asson
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31A6501FFCAF408458337E2785A3DCE" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458337E2785A3DCE" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408458337E27C583DE2" bold="true" box="[199,321,940,965]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The species is quite similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D09FFCAF40847E237E27E2F3DE3" box="[678,822,940,964]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="livida">
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40847E237E27E2F3DE3" box="[678,822,940,964]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Plecia livida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the rounded lobe at the base of the gonostylus in the male and the slight kink in Rs at the furcation with R2+
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<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408466637917E5A3DCE" box="[802,835,976,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
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the female may be diagnostic for the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31A6501FFCAF40A458337B87EC43F67" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458337B87E333A28" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" box="[199,810,1014,1039]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408458337B87C6D3A28" bold="true" box="[199,372,1014,1039]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Redescription.</emphasis>
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Male: Total length
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<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408471537B97FC13A28" box="[593,728,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.55" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="6.55" valueMax="8.3" valueMin="4.8">
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4.8
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408473037B67F9B3A28" box="[628,642,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
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8.3 mm
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</quantity>
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(N=7).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458330557EF13A5B" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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Head (fig. 150): Length
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<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF40844A230557F953A14" box="[486,652,1051,1075]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.87" valueMax="0.97" valueMin="0.77">
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0.77
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<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408475330527F3C3A14" box="[535,549,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
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0.97 mm
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</quantity>
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(N=3), width
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<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408467330557E873A14" box="[823,926,1051,1075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.01">1.01 mm</quantity>
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(N=1). Dark brown, probably black in life. Antenna slender, flagellum 7- or 8-segmented. Rostrum slightly elongated, approximately half as long as compound eye. Ocellar triangle rather low, not very prominent. Palp robust.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458330C87CA63AE3" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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Thorax: Length
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<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF40844CD30C87F0F3AB8" box="[393,534,1158,1183]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.5">
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1.5
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||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40844E830C67CA33AB8" box="[428,442,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
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||
2.4 mm
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||
</quantity>
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(N=7), width
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||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408478C30C87E3D3AB8" box="[712,804,1158,1183]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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(N=1). Dark brown, probably black in life. Pile not conspicuous. Haltere pale.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458330807F933B71" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B683CD7FFCAF408458330807F933B71" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1425980293" location="Costa" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Costa">
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Wing (fig. 149): Length
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<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408449830817F7D3AC0" box="[476,612,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.199999999999999" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="5.199999999999999" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="4.3">
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||
4.3
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||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40844BB309E7F143AC0" box="[511,525,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
6.1 mm
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||
</quantity>
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(N=7), width
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<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408464230807E943AC0" box="[774,909,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.6">
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||
1.6
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||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408466D309E7E2E3AC0" box="[809,823,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
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||
2.4 mm
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||
</quantity>
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(N=7), length/width = 2.42
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||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF4084181309E79CA3AC0" box="[1221,1235,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
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||
2.79 (N=7). Light brownish, radial veins brown, more posterior veins concolourous with membrane. Subcosta distinctive, straight. R2+3 short and curved.
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<collectingRegion id="49C4F868FFCAF40844DF31597CC23B08" box="[411,475,1303,1327]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Costa</collectingRegion>
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||
extends to nearly half-way between apices of R4+5 and M1. R4+5 apically moderately curved. Wing vein measurements in
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<tableCitation id="C6820331FFCAF408477431737F9C3B71" box="[560,645,1341,1366]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="58.[151,239,260,283]" captionTargetBox="[159,1378,310,1034]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="TABLE 3. Plecia maimensis, morio and rheniana, wing measurements" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F6602FFC4F40645D3354A7E943F3C" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" tableUuid="DF7F6602FFC4F40645D3354A7E943F3C">Table 3</tableCitation>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF4084583312C7C693BE5" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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Legs: Brown, slender but not particularly long. Tarsi slender. Metatibial spur dark brown, short, relatively strong. Length of fore femur
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||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408449F31CB7F293BBA" box="[475,560,1413,1438]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
(N=1), fore tibia
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||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF40847B031C87E633BBA" box="[756,890,1414,1438]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.3">
|
||
1.3
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||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408465231C87E3D3BBA" box="[790,804,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.8 mm
|
||
</quantity>
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||
(N=4), hind femur
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408411031CB79C33BBA" box="[1108,1242,1413,1438]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.6">
|
||
1.6
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408413231C8799D3BBA" box="[1142,1156,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.2 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=4), hind tibia
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF40845D331E47C073BE6" box="[151,286,1450,1474]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.8">
|
||
1.8
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40845FE31E47DD13BE6" box="[186,200,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.3 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458331837E343BC1" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" box="[199,813,1485,1510]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Abdomen: Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF40844DE31807F383BC2" box="[410,545,1485,1510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="3.1">
|
||
3.1
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40844F931807CD23BC2" box="[445,459,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.9 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=7). Brown, conical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458331BF7FEA3875" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Terminalia (fig. 152): Hypopygium width
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408478731BF7E74382E" box="[707,877,1521,1546]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.85" valueMin="0.75">
|
||
0.75
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40847B031BC7E1B382E" box="[756,770,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.85 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=4). Dark brown. Epandrium dome-shaped, apically with three short, knob-like points. Gonostylus
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408465932587EDD380A" box="[797,964,1557,1582]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.449999999999999" metricValueMax="5.699999999999999" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.44499999999999995" valueMax="0.57" valueMin="0.32">
|
||
0.32
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408460932587E42380A" box="[845,859,1558,1581]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.57 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
long (N=6), slender, digitiform, slightly curved, basally with a rounded, knob-like dorsal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458332137F9E3851" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" box="[199,647,1629,1654]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Female: Total length 7.0
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408449C32107CFF3852" box="[472,486,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF40844A232137F253852" box="[486,572,1629,1654]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(N=9)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458332CF78843899" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Head (fig. 151): Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408449232CC7F6138BE" box="[470,632,1665,1690]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="8.1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.83" valueMax="0.85" valueMin="0.81">
|
||
0.81
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408474332CC7F0C38BE" box="[519,533,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.85 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=2), width
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408465332CF7EA038BE" box="[791,953,1665,1690]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.95" metricValueMax="10.4" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="0.895" valueMax="1.04" valueMin="0.75">
|
||
0.75
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408460C32CC7E4F38BE" box="[840,854,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.04 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=7). Dark brown, rounded, a little wider than long. Compound eye flat, about as long as temples. Antenna slender and pointed, flagellum 7- or 8-segmented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF4084583328779E238C5" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" box="[199,1275,1737,1762]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Thorax: Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408443932847F1D38C6" box="[381,516,1738,1762]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="1.9">
|
||
1.9
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40844E432847CB738C6" box="[416,430,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.9 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=8), width
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF40847E032877E3338C6" box="[676,810,1737,1762]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.8" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.5">
|
||
1.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408478332847FCC38C6" box="[711,725,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.1 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=6). Dark brown. Haltere light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458332A37EE43950" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B683CD7FFCAF408458332A37EE43950" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1425980297" location="Costa" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Costa">
|
||
Wing: Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408442F32A37CEB3922" box="[363,498,1773,1798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.1" valueMin="5.9">
|
||
5.9
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40844C932A07C823922" box="[397,411,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
8.1 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=9), width
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF40847D132A07E053922" box="[661,796,1774,1798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.3">
|
||
2.3
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40847FC32A07FDF3922" box="[696,710,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
3.2 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=9), length/width = 2.31
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF408411132A0797A3922" box="[1109,1123,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.71 (N=9). Light brownish fumose, veins brown. Pterostigma light brown, rather indistinctive.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C4F868FFCAF40846D5335C7EC8390D" box="[913,977,1810,1834]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
extends half-way between apices of R4+5 and M1. Rs with a little kink where R2+3 branches off. R2+3 moderately long, strongly curved basally. R4+5 moderately curved apically. Crossvein R-M vertical. Wing vein measurements in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6820331FFCAF40846E733117EE13950" box="[931,1016,1887,1912]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="58.[151,239,260,283]" captionTargetBox="[159,1378,310,1034]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="TABLE 3. Plecia maimensis, morio and rheniana, wing measurements" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F6602FFC4F40645D3354A7E943F3C" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" tableUuid="DF7F6602FFC4F40645D3354A7E943F3C">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458333CA7C8339BB" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" box="[199,410,1923,1948]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Legs: Dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458333E979BE39E7" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" box="[199,1191,1959,1984]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Abdomen: Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF40844DE33E97F383998" box="[410,545,1959,1984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="5.85" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="4.5">
|
||
4.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40844F933E67CD23998" box="[445,459,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
7.2 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=9), width
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B6FFFCAF408478533E97E513998" box="[705,840,1959,1984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.5">
|
||
1.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCAF40847A033E67FEB3998" box="[740,754,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.4 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(N=8). Reddish brown, robust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCAF408458333857EBC39C3" blockId="52.[151,1437,652,2020]" box="[199,933,1995,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Terminalia (fig. 153): Cerci large and prominent, two-segmented.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7F6602FFCBF40945D333757F383957" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCBF40945D333757F383957" blockId="53.[151,744,1851,2027]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCBF40945D333757C743976" bold="true" box="[151,365,1851,1874]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURES 149–153.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D09FFCBF409443733727FDC3975" authority="Gentilini, 1993" authorityName="Gentilini" authorityYear="1993" box="[371,709,1852,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EA98FFCBF409443733727F3C3975" box="[371,549,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Plecia maimensis</emphasis>
|
||
Gentilini, 1993
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fig. 149. Male, wing. RGL Dauphín 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCBF40945D333377F4B39A8" blockId="53.[151,744,1851,2027]" box="[151,594,1913,1935]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A0FFFCBF40945D333377DF739A8" box="[151,238,1913,1935]" captionStart="FIGURES 149 – 153" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionText="FIGURES 149 – 153. Plecia maimensis Gentilini, 1993 Fig. 149. Male, wing. RGL Dauphín 1." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 150</figureCitation>
|
||
. Male, habitus. RGL Dauphín 122.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCBF40945D333D67F983989" blockId="53.[151,744,1851,2027]" box="[151,641,1944,1966]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A0FFFCBF40945D333D67DF73989" box="[151,238,1944,1966]" captionStart="FIGURES 149 – 153" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionText="FIGURES 149 – 153. Plecia maimensis Gentilini, 1993 Fig. 149. Male, wing. RGL Dauphín 1." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 151</figureCitation>
|
||
. Female, habitus. RGL Bois d’Asson 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFCBF40945D333F87FF139CC" blockId="53.[151,744,1851,2027]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A0FFFCBF40945D333F87DF739EB" box="[151,238,1974,1996]" captionStart="FIGURES 149 – 153" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionText="FIGURES 149 – 153. Plecia maimensis Gentilini, 1993 Fig. 149. Male, wing. RGL Dauphín 1." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 152</figureCitation>
|
||
. Male, terminalia, dorsal. RGL Bois d’Asson 24.
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A0FFFCBF40945D3339B7DF739CC" box="[151,238,2005,2027]" captionStart="FIGURES 149 – 153" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionText="FIGURES 149 – 153. Plecia maimensis Gentilini, 1993 Fig. 149. Male, wing. RGL Dauphín 1." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 153</figureCitation>
|
||
. Female, terminalia, dorsal. RGL Bois d’Asson 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF368AFFC8F40A458334D97EC43F67" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The sexual size dimorphism of this species was commented upon by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B7BFFC8F40A468E34D9799A3E97" author="Gentilini" box="[970,1155,151,176]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refString="Gentilini, G. (1993) New species of Plecia from the Oligocene of Southeastern France. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 125, 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="1993">Gentilini (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Such a size difference is possible due to the large variability in size in bibionids, and it is probably as common a trait among fossil bibionids as it is among recent ones. Caution is warranted when trying to associate male and female specimens since females may be considerably larger than conspecific males. This trend is not universal, however, since in many recent species females are smaller than males at least with respect to body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |