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<document id="D2934176A5230B5F8A73784292A33AB4" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4277.1.6SLASH11362" ID-CLB-Dataset="32835" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4277.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8f97942-a2c4-4964-a8e3-0188bc119220" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="809095" ID-ZooBank="BFC106DD-B9B5-46A1-9216-96CC255595AB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1497512880348" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Aslan, Ebru Gül, Mumladze, Levan &amp; Japoshvili, George" docDate="2017" docId="03A98789FFBBFFE7FF4DFBF79E45F9EB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4277.1.6SLASH11362.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4277 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Psylliodes Berthold in Latreille 1827" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" masterDocId="FF90FFF1FFBDFFEEFFDAFF949B25FF96" masterDocTitle="List of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Lagodekhi reserve with new records for Transcaucasia and Georgia" updateTime="1698440542823" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8415396F8B85E2FC86602924E1080D2B">List of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Lagodekhi reserve with new records for Transcaucasia and Georgia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5B43586DC2467D64F2DB784804E461B8">Aslan, Ebru Gül</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D6D20B9C452BC6397C2415E98F6AFC5">Mumladze, Levan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="01BDF3DEB05B3FAF2676D9011D26C3DF">Japoshvili, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8A37D978BD9DCB625F7A6DE1C907A927">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A98789FFBBFFE7FF4DFBF79E45F9EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6050804" ID-GBIF-Taxon="131878684" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6050804" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A98789FFBBFFE7FF4DFBF79E45F9EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A98789FFBBFFE7FF4DFBF79E45F9EB" lastPageId="9" pageId="6">
<subSubSection id="C31A6514FFBBFFE8FF4DFBF79AC1FB54" pageId="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBBFFE8FF4DFBF79903FBEB" blockId="6.[151,550,1122,1149]" box="[151,550,1122,1149]" pageId="6">
<heading id="D0F781F3FFBBFFE8FF4DFBF79903FBEB" bold="true" box="[151,550,1122,1149]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FF4DFBF79903FBEB" bold="true" box="[151,550,1122,1149]" pageId="6">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C004D1CFFBBFFE8FF34FBF69903FBEB" ID-CoL="74H9" authority="Berthold, 1827" authorityName="Berthold in Latreille" authorityYear="1827" box="[238,550,1122,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Psylliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FF34FBF69A43FBEA" bold="true" box="[238,358,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6">Psylliodes</emphasis>
Berthold, 1827
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBBFFE8FF4DFB3E9AC1FB54" blockId="6.[151,1436,1193,1434]" box="[151,484,1193,1218]" pageId="6">
47.
<taxonomicName id="4C004D1CFFBBFFE8FF1DFB3D9AC1FB54" authority="Koch" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1803" box="[199,484,1193,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Psylliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuprea">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FF1DFB3D9AABFB57" box="[199,398,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6">Psylliodes cuprea</emphasis>
(Koch)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6514FFBBFFE8FF1DFB599A6BFA9C" pageId="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBBFFE8FF1DFB599EB9FB70" blockId="6.[151,1436,1193,1434]" box="[199,1436,1229,1254]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FF1DFB599AE8FB70" bold="true" box="[199,461,1229,1254]" pageId="6">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
1 male, H3, 06.10-
<date id="FFBE105FFFBBFFE8FD18FB599866FB70" box="[706,835,1229,1254]" pageId="6" value="2014-10-16">16.10.2014</date>
; 1 female, H1, 15-
<date id="FFBE105FFFBBFFE8FBF0FB599F94FB70" box="[1066,1201,1229,1254]" pageId="6" value="2014-05-25">25.05.2014</date>
; 1 female, H3, 04-
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBBFFE8FF13FB659A6BFA9C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1193,1434]" box="[201,334,1265,1290]" pageId="6">
<date id="FFBE105FFFBBFFE8FF13FB659A6EFA9C" box="[201,331,1265,1290]" pageId="6" value="2014-06-14">14.06.2014</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6514FFBBFFE9FF1DFA8199B9FF42" lastPageId="7" pageId="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBBFFE8FF1DFA819AD7FAC4" blockId="6.[151,1436,1193,1434]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FF1DFA819A45FAB8" bold="true" box="[199,352,1301,1326]" pageId="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from
<collectingCountry id="F317760FFFBBFFE8FE24FA81997DFAB8" box="[510,600,1301,1326]" name="Georgia" pageId="6">Georgia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBBFFE8FDBCFA8299D2FAB8" author="Gruev" box="[614,759,1302,1326]" pageId="6" refString="Gruev, B. A. (2003) A comparative study on the fauna of Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in the Asian part of Turkey and the adjacent countries Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria. Travaux scientifiques de l'Universite de Plovdiv, Animalia, 39 (6), 19 - 40." type="journal article" year="2003">Gruev, 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Palaearctic. 48.
<taxonomicName id="4C004D1CFFBBFFE8FF1DFAAE9AFCFAC4" authority="Heikertinger" authorityName="Heikertinger" box="[199,473,1337,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Psylliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isatidis">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FF1DFAAE9A67FAC7" box="[199,322,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="6">Ps. isatidis</emphasis>
Heikertinger
</taxonomicName>
**
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBBFFE8FF1DFAC99F9DFAE0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1193,1434]" box="[199,1208,1373,1398]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FF1DFAC99AE3FAE0" bold="true" box="[199,454,1373,1398]" pageId="6">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
1 male, H2, 15-
<date id="FFBE105FFFBBFFE8FDADFAC999DBFAE0" box="[631,766,1373,1398]" pageId="6" value="2014-05-25">25.05.2014</date>
; 3 males, 1 female, H3, 15-
<date id="FFBE105FFFBBFFE8FBF7FAC99F91FAE0" box="[1069,1204,1373,1398]" pageId="6" value="2014-05-25">25.05.2014</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBBFFE8FF1DFA159908FA0C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1193,1434]" box="[199,557,1409,1434]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FF1DFA159A45FA0C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1409,1434]" pageId="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
Sibero-European.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBBFFE9FF4DFA7999B9FF42" blockId="6.[151,1437,1517,2029]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,212]" lastPageId="7" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FF4DFA799A5FF991" bold="true" box="[151,378,1517,1543]" pageId="6">Species inventory.</emphasis>
The number of leaf-beetle species known from Lagodekhi protected areas arrived at 48 species, with 14 new records due to our study. In spite of the relatively low number of captured species (
<quantity id="4CF89B7AFFBBFFE8FABAF9849EB8F9BC" box="[1376,1437,1552,1578]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" pageId="6" unit="in" value="32.0">32 in</quantity>
total), they constitute ca. 11% of all
<taxonomicName id="4C004D1CFFBBFFE8FD84F9A7982AF9DB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[606,783,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
known from
<collectingCountry id="F317760FFFBBFFE8FC61F9A79F3CF9DB" box="[955,1049,1587,1613]" name="Georgia" pageId="6">Georgia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBBFFE8FBF7F9A79FF1F9DB" author="Zaitsev" box="[1069,1236,1587,1613]" pageId="6" refString="Zaitsev, P. (1929) Distribution of subfamilies of Hispini and Cassidini (Coleoptera: Chrisomelidae) in Caucasus. Proceedings of Zoological Sector, 2, 1 - 16. [in Georgian]" type="journal article" year="1929">
Zaitsev,
<date id="FFBE105FFFBBFFE8FB4CF9A79FF1F9DB" box="[1174,1236,1587,1613]" pageId="6" value="1929" valueMax="1953">1929</date>
</bibRefCitation>
-
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBBFFE8FB06F9A79E3CF9DB" author="Zaitsev" box="[1244,1305,1587,1613]" pageId="6" refString="Zaitsev, F. (1953) Water beetles of Georgian fauna. Proceedings of Institute of Zoology, 11, 87 - 126." type="journal article" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
; Shengelia 1951;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBBFFE8FF38F9C19A98F9F9" author="Kobakhidze" box="[226,445,1621,1647]" pageId="6" refString="Kobakhidze, D. (1956) Materials to study entomofauna of Lagodekhi state reserve. Proceedings of Institute of Zoology, 14, 189 - 214." type="journal article" year="1956">Kobakhidze, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBBFFE8FE10F9C1998BF9F9" author="Seperteladze" box="[458,686,1621,1647]" pageId="6" refString="Seperteladze, M. (1960) To the fauna of leaf-eater beetles from (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Georgia SSR. Bulletin of acadey of Science of Georgia, 25 (1), 61 - 64." type="journal article" year="1960">
Seperteladze,
<date id="FFBE105FFFBBFFE8FDAAF9C1998BF9F9" box="[624,686,1621,1647]" pageId="6" value="1960" valueMax="1983">1960</date>
</bibRefCitation>
-
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBBFFE8FD6CF9C199D7F9F9" author="Seperteladze" box="[694,754,1621,1647]" pageId="6" refString="Seperteladze, M. (1983) Landscape distribution of leaf-eater beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the teritory of Samtskhe- Trialeti and Javakheti. Fauna and Ecology of Invertebrate animals in Georgia, 1983, 167 - 177. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBBFFE8FD25F9C19F75F9F9" author="Orlova-Bienkowskaja" box="[767,1104,1621,1647]" pageId="6" refString="Orlova-Bienkowskaja, M. (2014) Catalogue of locations of leaf-beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Russia. Online publication. Available from: https: // www. researchgate. net / publication / 261705007 _ Catalogue _ of _ locations _ of _ leafbeetles _ Chrysomelidae _ of _ Russia _ Katalog _ mestonahozdenij _ listoedov _ Coleoptera _ Chrysomelidae _ Rossii (accessed 24 April 2017)" type="journal article" year="2014">Orlova-Bienkowskaja, 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Most of the species (53%) collected during this study were represented by singletons (11species) and in pairs (6 species), indicating the spatial rarity of leaf beetles in LNP. The correlation between the number of individuals and the species richness was very strong (
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FE46F9299A82F940" box="[412,423,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6">r</emphasis>
=0.9,
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FE31F9299ADFF940" box="[491,506,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6">p</emphasis>
=0.032) meaning that the actual species number would increase significantly in case of increasing sampling effort. In contrast, asymptotic species richness estimation (calculated for each sampling plot) predicted in average additional 4 (±1sd) species at each elevation and 9 additional species when all the data were pooled together which could be interpreted as a fairly complete inventory (
<tableCitation id="C6820324FFBBFFE8FAEAF8B19EAFF8A9" box="[1328,1418,1829,1855]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,242,258,281]" captionText="TABLE 1. A summary table describing the sampling localities, habitat description, total abundances for each locality, total and estimated species richness of chrysomelids and plants. The last column indicates the length of the vegetation gradient expressed as counts of 10 - day sampling events." pageId="6">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The estimated low species richness could be ascribed to a relatively low number of species for each elevation while species turnover rate is high (34% in average) considering the short distance between plots (in average
<quantity id="4CF89B7AFFBBFFE8FF4DF8199BC9F831" box="[151,236,1933,1959]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" unit="km" value="1.2">1.2 km</quantity>
). Although not similar studies are available for neighbour areas, the sampling of
<taxonomicName id="4C004D1CFFBBFFE8FB42F8199E6CF831" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1176,1353,1933,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
is usually based on sweep nets rather than Malaise traps (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBBFFE8FCDAF82498CAF85C" author="Bouzan" box="[768,1007,1967,1994]" pageId="6" refString="Bouzan, A. M., Flinte, V., Macedo, M. V. &amp; Monteiro, R. F. (2015) Elevation and temporal distributions of Chrysomelidae in southeast Brazil with emphasis on the Galerucinae. Zookeys, 547, 103 - 117." type="journal article" year="2015">
Bouzan
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FCBEF8249884F85F" box="[868,929,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBBFFE8FC27F8249E66F85C" author="Sanchez-Reyes" box="[1021,1347,1967,1994]" pageId="6" refString="Sanchez-Reyes, U. J., Nino-Maldonado, S. &amp; Jones, R. W. (2014) Diversity and altitudinal distribution of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in Peregrina Canyon, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Zookeys, 417, 103 - 132." type="journal article" year="2014">
Sánchez-Reyes
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBBFFE8FB63F8249FD0F85F" box="[1209,1269,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBBFFE8FA8AF8249EB5F85C" author="Sanchez-Reyes" box="[1360,1424,1968,1994]" pageId="6" refString="Sanchez-Reyes, U. J., Nino-Maldonado, S., Barrientos-Lozano, L., Clark, S. M. &amp; Jones, R. W. (2016) Faunistic patterns of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) within elevational and temporal gradients in Sierra de San Carlos, Mexico. Zookeys, 611, 11 - 56." type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
). Indeed, the actual species richness could significantly increase in case of sweep netting and beating as the sampling with Malaise traps may not be able to effectively collect beetle species associated with herbaceous and arboreal vegetation (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBAFFE9FE63FF2E99AAFF42" author="Aslan" box="[441,655,186,212]" pageId="7" refString="Aslan, E. G., Japoshvili, G., Aslan, B. &amp; Karaca, I. (2012) Flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) collected by Malaise trap method in Golcuk Natural Park (Isparta, Turkey) with a new record for the Turkish fauna. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 64 (1), 365 - 370." type="journal article" year="2012">
Aslan
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBAFFE9FDDCFF2E9964FF42" box="[518,577,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7F6617FFBAFFE9FF4DFE9699CAFEC9" pageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBAFFE9FF4DFE9699CAFEC9" blockId="7.[151,1435,258,351]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBAFFE9FF4DFE969A28FE8F" bold="true" box="[151,269,258,281]" pageId="7">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
A summary table describing the sampling localities, habitat description, total abundances for each locality, total and estimated species richness of chrysomelids and plants. The last column indicates the length of the vegetation gradient expressed as counts of 10-day sampling events.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBAFFE9FF45FEE89FDBFB17" pageId="7">
<table id="F900C43FFFBA0011FF4DFEE89E09FB17" box="[151,1324,380,1153]" gridcols="5" gridrows="17" pageId="7">
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFEE89E09FE26" box="[151,1324,380,432]" gridrow="0" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFEE89A2DFE26" box="[151,264,380,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7">Sampling localities</th>
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FEE8992CFE26" box="[379,521,380,432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7">Elevation</th>
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FEE899C6FE26" box="[594,739,380,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7">Longitude</th>
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FEE898E6FE26" box="[857,963,380,432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7">Latitude</th>
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FEE89E09FE26" box="[1059,1324,380,432]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7">Habitat</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFE509E09FE4C" box="[151,1324,452,474]" gridrow="1" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFE509A2DFE4C" box="[151,264,452,474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7">H1</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FE50992CFE4C" box="[379,521,452,474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7">665</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FE5099C6FE4C" box="[594,739,452,474]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7">41.85248</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FE5098E6FE4C" box="[857,963,452,474]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7">46.28776</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FE509E09FE4C" box="[1059,1324,452,474]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7">Low-land forest</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFE799E09FD95" box="[151,1324,493,515]" gridrow="2" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFE799A2DFD95" box="[151,264,493,515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7">H2</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FE79992CFD95" box="[379,521,493,515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7">845</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FE7999C6FD95" box="[594,739,493,515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7">41.85585</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FE7998E6FD95" box="[857,963,493,515]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7">46.29273</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FE799E09FD95" box="[1059,1324,493,515]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7">Mountain forest</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFD829E09FDBA" box="[151,1324,534,556]" gridrow="3" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFD829A2DFDBA" box="[151,264,534,556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7">H3</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FD82992CFDBA" box="[379,521,534,556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7">1345</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FD8299C6FDBA" box="[594,739,534,556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7">41.87146</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FD8298E6FDBA" box="[857,963,534,556]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7">46.31153</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FD829E09FDBA" box="[1059,1324,534,556]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7">Mountain forest</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFDD49E09FDC0" box="[151,1324,576,598]" gridrow="4" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFDD49A2DFDC0" box="[151,264,576,598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7">H4</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FDD4992CFDC0" box="[379,521,576,598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7">1850</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FDD499C6FDC0" box="[594,739,576,598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7">41.88273</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FDD498E6FDC0" box="[857,963,576,598]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7">46.32185</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FDD49E09FDC0" box="[1059,1324,576,598]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7">Mountain forest</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFDFD9E09FDE9" box="[151,1324,617,639]" gridrow="5" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFDFD9A2DFDE9" box="[151,264,617,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7">H5</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FDFD992CFDE9" box="[379,521,617,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7">1900</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FDFD99C6FDE9" box="[594,739,617,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7">41.88557</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FDFD98E6FDE9" box="[857,963,617,639]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7">46.32413</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FDFD9E09FDE9" box="[1059,1324,617,639]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7">Subalpine forest</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFD069E09FD3E" box="[151,1324,658,680]" gridrow="6" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFD069A2DFD3E" box="[151,264,658,680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7">H6</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FD06992CFD3E" box="[379,521,658,680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7">2230</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FD0699C6FD3E" box="[594,739,658,680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7">41.89805</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FD0698E6FD3E" box="[857,963,658,680]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7">46.33387</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FD069E09FD3E" box="[1059,1324,658,680]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7">Subalpine meadow</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFD289E09FD44" box="[151,1324,700,722]" gridrow="7" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFD289A2DFD44" box="[151,264,700,722]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7">H7</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FD28992CFD44" box="[379,521,700,722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7">2559</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FD2899C6FD44" box="[594,739,700,722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7">41.90616</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FD2898E6FD44" box="[857,963,700,722]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7">46.33340</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FD289E09FD44" box="[1059,1324,700,722]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7">Alpine meadow</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFD6C9E09FC99" box="[151,1324,760,783]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFD6C9A2DFC99" box="[151,264,760,783]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7">continued.</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFCBF9E09FCF6" box="[151,1324,811,864]" gridrow="9" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFCBF9A2DFCF6" box="[151,264,811,864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7">Sampling localities</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FCBF992CFCF6" box="[379,521,811,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7">Total abundance</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FCBF99C6FCF6" box="[594,739,811,864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7">Species richness</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FCBF98E6FCF6" box="[857,963,811,864]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7">Expected richness</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FCBF9E09FCF6" box="[1059,1324,811,864]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7">Unique Plant species richness</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFCE79E09FC1F" box="[151,1324,883,905]" gridrow="10" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFCE79A2DFC1F" box="[151,264,883,905]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7">H1</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FCE7992CFC1F" box="[379,521,883,905]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7">100</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FCE799C6FC1F" box="[594,739,883,905]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7">13</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FCE798E6FC1F" box="[857,963,883,905]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7">15</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FCE79E09FC1F" box="[1059,1324,883,905]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7">5 51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFC089E09FC24" box="[151,1324,924,946]" gridrow="11" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFC089A2DFC24" box="[151,264,924,946]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7">H2</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FC08992CFC24" box="[379,521,924,946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7">74</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FC0899C6FC24" box="[594,739,924,946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7">10</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FC0898E6FC24" box="[857,963,924,946]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7">16</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FC089E09FC24" box="[1059,1324,924,946]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7">1 50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFC529E09FC4A" box="[151,1324,966,988]" gridrow="12" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFC529A2DFC4A" box="[151,264,966,988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7">H3</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FC52992CFC4A" box="[379,521,966,988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7">111</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FC5299C6FC4A" box="[594,739,966,988]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7">11</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FC5298E6FC4A" box="[857,963,966,988]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7">23</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FC529E09FC4A" box="[1059,1324,966,988]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7">3 39</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFC7B9E09FB93" box="[151,1324,1007,1029]" gridrow="13" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFC7B9A2DFB93" box="[151,264,1007,1029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7">H4</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FC7B992CFB93" box="[379,521,1007,1029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7">24</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FC7B99C6FB93" box="[594,739,1007,1029]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7">9</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FC7B98E6FB93" box="[857,963,1007,1029]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="7">15</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FC7B9E09FB93" box="[1059,1324,1007,1029]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="7">1 34</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFB8D9E09FBB9" box="[151,1324,1049,1071]" gridrow="14" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFB8D9A2DFBB9" box="[151,264,1049,1071]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7">H5</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FB8D992CFBB9" box="[379,521,1049,1071]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7">49</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FB8D99C6FBB9" box="[594,739,1049,1071]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7">8</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FB8D98E6FBB9" box="[857,963,1049,1071]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="7">12</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FB8D9E09FBB9" box="[1059,1324,1049,1071]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="7">3 90</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFBD69E09FBCE" box="[151,1324,1090,1112]" gridrow="15" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFBD69A2DFBCE" box="[151,264,1090,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7">H6</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FBD6992CFBCE" box="[379,521,1090,1112]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7">5</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FBD699C6FBCE" box="[594,739,1090,1112]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7">3</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FBD698E6FBCE" box="[857,963,1090,1112]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="7">4</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FBD69E09FBCE" box="[1059,1324,1090,1112]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="7">2 139</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353034DDFFBA0011FF4DFBFF9E09FB17" box="[151,1324,1131,1153]" gridrow="16" pageId="7">
<th id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FF4DFBFF9A2DFB17" box="[151,264,1131,1153]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="7">H7</th>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FEA1FBFF992CFB17" box="[379,521,1131,1153]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7">11</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FD88FBFF99C6FB17" box="[594,739,1131,1153]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7">4</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FC83FBFF98E6FB17" box="[857,963,1131,1153]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="7">7</td>
<td id="76E15DA1FFBA0011FBF9FBFF9E09FB17" box="[1059,1324,1131,1153]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="7">2 119</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C31A6514FFBAFFE7FF1DFB529E45F9EB" lastPageId="9" pageId="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF369FFFBAFFE7FF1DFB529E45F9EB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1222,1931]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,1277,1662]" lastPageId="9" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBAFFE9FF1DFB529978FB49" bold="true" box="[199,605,1222,1247]" pageId="7">Patterns of diversity distribution.</emphasis>
Leaf beetles, while being a very diverse family, is rather poorly studied from an elevational diversity gradient perspective. Only a few studies are available, mainly from
<collectingRegion id="49C4F87DFFBAFFE9FB2BFB7E9E63FA95" box="[1265,1350,1258,1283]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="7">
<collectingCountry id="F317760FFFBAFFE9FB2BFB7E9E63FA95" box="[1265,1350,1258,1283]" name="Mexico" pageId="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBAFFE9FA8DFB7E9BF6FAB1" author="Furth" pageId="7" refString="Furth, D. G. (2009) Flea beetle diversity of the Sierra Tarahumara, Copper Canyon, Mexico (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). In: Jolivet, P., Schmitt, M. &amp; Santiago-Blay, J. (Eds.), Research on Chrysomelidae. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, pp. 131 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / ej. 9789004169470.1 - 299.45" type="book chapter" year="2009">Furth, 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBAFFE9FF05FA9A9933FAB1" author="Sanchez-Reyes" box="[223,534,1294,1319]" pageId="7" refString="Sanchez-Reyes, U. J., Nino-Maldonado, S., Barrientos-Lozano, L., Clark, S. M. &amp; Jones, R. W. (2016) Faunistic patterns of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) within elevational and temporal gradients in Sierra de San Carlos, Mexico. Zookeys, 611, 11 - 56." type="journal article" year="2016">
Sánchez-Reyes
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBAFFE9FE48FA9B9AE9FAB0" box="[402,460,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBAFFE9FDF8FA9B9979FAB1" author="Sanchez-Reyes" box="[546,604,1295,1319]" pageId="7" refString="Sanchez-Reyes, U. J., Nino-Maldonado, S. &amp; Jones, R. W. (2014) Diversity and altitudinal distribution of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in Peregrina Canyon, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Zookeys, 417, 103 - 132." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F317760FFFBAFFE9FD47FA9A99C4FAB1" box="[669,737,1294,1319]" name="Brazil" pageId="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBAFFE9FD2BFA9B98F3FAB1" author="Bouzan" box="[753,982,1294,1319]" pageId="7" refString="Bouzan, A. M., Flinte, V., Macedo, M. V. &amp; Monteiro, R. F. (2015) Elevation and temporal distributions of Chrysomelidae in southeast Brazil with emphasis on the Galerucinae. Zookeys, 547, 103 - 117." type="journal article" year="2015">
Bouzan
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBAFFE9FC8AFA9B98AFFAB0" box="[848,906,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). All these studies are reporting a hump shaped diversity patterns along with elevational gradient except
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBAFFE9FC52FAA69FF6FADD" box="[904,1235,1330,1355]" pageId="7" refString="Sanchez-Reyes, U. J., Nino-Maldonado, S., Barrientos-Lozano, L., Clark, S. M. &amp; Jones, R. W. (2016) Faunistic patterns of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) within elevational and temporal gradients in Sierra de San Carlos, Mexico. Zookeys, 611, 11 - 56." type="journal article">
Sánchez-Reyes
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBAFFE9FBE7FAA79F5FFADC" box="[1085,1146,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
. In this case, the highest diversity was found at the highest elevation which was at
<quantity id="4CF89B7AFFBAFFE9FCABFAC3989AFAF9" box="[881,959,1367,1391]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="7" unit="m" value="1080.0">1080m</quantity>
a.s.l.. This on the other hand indicates that the actual pattern of species diversity may be hump-shaped rather than positive linear if the data from elevations above
<quantity id="4CF89B7AFFBAFFE9FF3FFA0B9A1AFA20" box="[229,319,1439,1463]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="7" unit="m" value="1080.0">1080 m</quantity>
would have been gathered. In contrast to species richness distribution in the above mentioned studies, there is no consistent pattern in the distribution of total abundances with elevations. In our case, both measures of species richness (observed and estimated) as well as individual density are decreasing with increasing elevations in a linear manner (
<tableCitation id="C6820324FFBAFFE9FE2DF99E9974F9B4" box="[503,593,1546,1571]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,242,1710,1733]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary statistics of GLM regressions assuming poisson errors. p 1, p 2, p 3 represents the significance level of chi-square tests for residual deviance, variable importance (after analyses of variance) and dispersion testing. Values larger than 0.05 for p 1 and p 3 indicating good model fitting to data and absence of overdispersion, respectively." pageId="7">Table 2</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="133B2A1AFFBAFFE9FDBAF99E9986F9B4" box="[608,675,1546,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[198,1376,205,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[176,1400,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Species richness (upper panel) and abundance (lower panel) distribution along with elevational gradient. On upper panel, open and filled circles indicate raw and estimated species richness respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/809097/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). GLM with Poisson errors proved to fit data well with elevation explaining a significant amount of variation in diversity distribution of leaf beetles (
<tableCitation id="C6820324FFBAFFE9FB5CF9BA9FC6F9D1" box="[1158,1251,1582,1607]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,242,1710,1733]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary statistics of GLM regressions assuming poisson errors. p 1, p 2, p 3 represents the significance level of chi-square tests for residual deviance, variable importance (after analyses of variance) and dispersion testing. Values larger than 0.05 for p 1 and p 3 indicating good model fitting to data and absence of overdispersion, respectively." pageId="7">Table 2</tableCitation>
). In contrast to elevation the beetle diversity and abundance were inversely related to plant species richness (Spairman’s
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBAFFE9FA94F9C79E7CF9FC" box="[1358,1369,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="7">r</emphasis>
=-0.6, p&gt;0.05 and
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBAFFE9FEFBF9E39A62F918" box="[289,327,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="7">r=-</emphasis>
0.7, p&gt;0.05) (
<figureCitation id="133B2A1AFFBAFFE9FE3FF9E29908F919" box="[485,557,1654,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[158,1417,205,1145]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1158]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Contrasting distribution of plant (black circles) and chrysomelid (open circles) species richness along with elevational gradient. Note that richness is presented in log scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/809099/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Such kind of inconsistency between the diversities of plants and terrestrial snails were also observed in LNP where plant species richness (also increased with elevation) was not related to snail species richness at all (showing unimodal pattern) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B6EFFBAFFE9FCF5F92A9F1BF941" author="Mumladze" box="[815,1086,1726,1751]" pageId="7" refString="Mumladze, L., Asanidze, Z., Walther, F. &amp; Hausdorf, B. (2017) Beyond elevation: Testing the climatic variability hypothesis vs Rapoport's rule in vascular plant and snail species in the Caucasus. Biological Journal of the Linean Society. [published online]" type="book" year="2017">
Mumladze
<emphasis id="B974EA8DFFBAFFE9FC6EF92B98CAF940" box="[948,1007,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="7">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). However, the distribution of snails as well as plants is rather well explained by a climatic variability hypothesis while there is no obvious sampling bias introduced. Unexpected (although insignificant) relationship between plant and leaf beetle species richness in our case is supposed to be a sampling artifact rather than an anomalous phenomena. Indeed, the increase of plant species richness with increasing elevations is completely due to herbaceous vegetations, beetle diversity of which may not be correctly accounted for Malaise traps. On the other hand, the observed elevational diversity pattern of leaf beetles could also be a biased by the same reason. E.g. the number of plant species does not uniformly increases along with elevation. In the forest area (H1-H4) plant species richness is generally decreasing which is in concordance with beetle diversity (
<tableCitation id="C6820324FFB4FFE7FD72FAD199DBFAC8" box="[680,766,1349,1374]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,242,258,281]" captionText="TABLE 1. A summary table describing the sampling localities, habitat description, total abundances for each locality, total and estimated species richness of chrysomelids and plants. The last column indicates the length of the vegetation gradient expressed as counts of 10 - day sampling events." pageId="9">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="133B2A1AFFB4FFE7FCD5FAD19871FAC8" box="[783,852,1349,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1180,1202]" captionTargetBox="[158,1417,205,1145]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1158]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Contrasting distribution of plant (black circles) and chrysomelid (open circles) species richness along with elevational gradient. Note that richness is presented in log scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/809099/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). In the higher elevations (H5-H7) number of plant species is increasing quickly (from 34 at H4 to 90 at H5) which is due to herbaceous vegetation, and the beetle species richness does not reflect this change. The last two highest elevational plots which represent completely treeless subalpine meadows exposed highest plant species richness and lowest beetle species diversity. These clearly show that the Malaise trap is able to capture leaf beetle communities more or less effectively only in forest habitats. Nevertheless, the beetle species richness in forests is decreasing with elevation, and the estimate of beetle species richness is presumably affected by a strong sampling bias in subalpine to alpine areas. If this assumption will hold then meadows above tree line harbouring a large plant species diversity would also result in a much diverse beetle community. To test these hypotheses, additional data collection is necessary in subalpine to alpine areas of LNP.
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</treatment>
</document>
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