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<document id="6ADAC8226B3CA0DA5C611E028D56654B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3718.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30ab63c8-9ce9-43c1-ba33-112083b3901e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="216309" ID-ZooBank="87B12108-9A55-487B-9C47-48CAA711A9F6" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460685726721" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gill, Anthony C." docDate="2013" docId="D471245E1369FFAAA5A9FA7E04C52616" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03718p136.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3718 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Assiculoidinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="28485C26136CFFADA53EFF990069242B" masterDocTitle="Classification and relationships of Assiculus and Assiculoides (Teleostei: Pseudochromidae)" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="128" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1698351196763" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8865F9D7F69D0BBF5C1BD0A6D63B1A86">Classification and relationships of Assiculus and Assiculoides (Teleostei: Pseudochromidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D76D80EA610D2D62AE34EB7266468C0C">Gill, Anthony C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6E6CB29680D3B4E38F462E1CA808D467">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D471245E1369FFAAA5A9FA7E04C52616" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6155250" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119579004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6155250" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D471245E1369FFAAA5A9FA7E04C52616" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D471245E1369FFAAA5A9FA7E04C52616" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">
<subSubSection id="14C2C6C31369FFA8A5A9FA7E0261222A" box="[151,520,1511,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5C6795481369FFA8A5A9FA7E0261222A" blockId="5.[151,520,1511,1537]" box="[151,520,1511,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">
<heading id="072F22241369FFA8A5A9FA7E0261222A" bold="true" box="[151,520,1511,1537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A1369FFA8A5A9FA7E0261222A" bold="true" box="[151,520,1511,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB1369FFA8A5A9FA7E0125222A" box="[151,332,1511,1537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Assiculoidinae">Assiculoidinae</taxonomicName>
new subfamily
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="14C2C6C31369FFA8A5A9F9B402D0226D" box="[151,697,1581,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5C6795481369FFA8A5A9F9B402D0226D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1581,2038]" box="[151,697,1581,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A1369FFA8A5A9F9B4014D226D" bold="true" box="[151,292,1581,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">
<typeStatus id="83632BEA1369FFA8A5A9F9B400BB226D" box="[151,210,1581,1606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Type</typeStatus>
genus.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB1369FFA8A415F9B402DD226D" authority="Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997" authorityName="Gill &amp; Hutchins" authorityYear="1997" box="[299,692,1581,1606]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A1369FFA8A415F9B401DE226E" box="[299,439,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Assiculoides</emphasis>
Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14C2C6C31369FFABA5F9F9C801E3229B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5C6795481369FFA8A5F9F9C8056A2241" blockId="5.[151,1436,1581,2038]" box="[199,1283,1617,1642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A1369FFA8A5F9F9C801282241" bold="true" box="[199,321,1617,1642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB1369FFA8A445F9C802482241" box="[379,545,1617,1642]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Assiculoidinae">Assiculoidinae</taxonomicName>
is cladistically diagnosed by the following three autapomorphies:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C6795481369FFA8A5F9F9EC043C22D1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1581,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">
6. Anteroventral scale rows on posterior part of body and caudal peduncle oriented almost vertically: In most pseudochromids the scale rows on the posterior part and caudal peduncle are arranged in an obviously anteroventral direction (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD1369FFA8A491F924027F22FD" box="[431,534,1725,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1156]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Left lateral view of caudal peduncle region of: (A) Assiculus punctatus, WAM P. 31013 - 012, 51.3 mm SL (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 2 B); and (B) Assiculoides desmonotus, WAM P. 31085 - 009, 46.6 mm SL, holotype (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 2 A). Fin membranes shown in dark grey; representative scale row shown in pale yellow. Anterior procurrent rays are obscured by scales." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216315/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Figure 6</figureCitation>
A). Uniquely among pseudochromids, in
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB1369FFA8A13FF92404E422FE" box="[1025,1165,1725,1749]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A1369FFA8A13FF92404E422FE" box="[1025,1165,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the scale rows on the posterior part of body and caudal peduncle are oriented almost vertically (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD1369FFA8A6ECF978045A22D1" box="[978,1075,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1156]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Left lateral view of caudal peduncle region of: (A) Assiculus punctatus, WAM P. 31013 - 012, 51.3 mm SL (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 2 B); and (B) Assiculoides desmonotus, WAM P. 31085 - 009, 46.6 mm SL, holotype (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 2 A). Fin membranes shown in dark grey; representative scale row shown in pale yellow. Anterior procurrent rays are obscured by scales." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216315/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Figure 6</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C6795481369FFABA5F9F89F029A2537" blockId="5.[151,1436,1581,2038]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">
7. Dorsal fin connected to caudal fin by membrane: The dorsal fin is completely separate from the caudal fin in
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB1369FFA8A5A9F8B00168236A" box="[151,257,1833,1857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A1369FFA8A5A9F8B00168236A" box="[151,257,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Assiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, pseudochromines, anisochromines and pseudoplesiopines (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD1369FFA8A69FF8B0046B2369" box="[929,1026,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1156]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Left lateral view of caudal peduncle region of: (A) Assiculus punctatus, WAM P. 31013 - 012, 51.3 mm SL (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 2 B); and (B) Assiculoides desmonotus, WAM P. 31085 - 009, 46.6 mm SL, holotype (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 2 A). Fin membranes shown in dark grey; representative scale row shown in pale yellow. Anterior procurrent rays are obscured by scales." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216315/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Figure 6</figureCitation>
A).
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB1369FFA8A112F8B004D1236A" box="[1068,1208,1833,1857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A1369FFA8A112F8B004D1236A" box="[1068,1208,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived in having the posteriormost dorsal-fin ray bound posteriorly by a low membrane to the dorsal edge of the caudal fin, the membrane interrupting the circumpeduncular scales so that the median row of scales along the dorsal edge of caudal peduncle is absent (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD1369FFA8A4F0F80C025B2385" box="[462,562,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1156]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Left lateral view of caudal peduncle region of: (A) Assiculus punctatus, WAM P. 31013 - 012, 51.3 mm SL (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 2 B); and (B) Assiculoides desmonotus, WAM P. 31085 - 009, 46.6 mm SL, holotype (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 2 A). Fin membranes shown in dark grey; representative scale row shown in pale yellow. Anterior procurrent rays are obscured by scales." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216315/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Figure 6</figureCitation>
B). With the exception of
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB1369FFA8A65CF80C03B22386" box="[866,987,1941,1965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Rusichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A1369FFA8A65CF80C03B22386" box="[866,987,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="133">Rusichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the dorsal fin is nonetheless connected to the caudal peduncle by a low membrane, the dorsal fins (and anal fins) of congrogadines are connected to the caudal fin by membrane. Depending on species, the membrane varies from low (connecting to only the base of the final dorsal- and anal-fin rays) to high (with the three fins fully confluent). Such connection is common in eel-like fishes. Consideration of other characters that nest congrogadines within the
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA1EBFF2505F524FE" box="[1237,1436,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudochromidae</taxonomicName>
as the sister group of the
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA48CFF46020224D3" box="[434,619,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anisochrominae">Anisochrominae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD136AFFABA744FF4602B124D3" box="[634,728,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1303,1325]" captionTargetBox="[188,1408,687,1274]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[179,1416,673,1283]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladogram of relationships discussed in the text. Numbers indicate autapomorphies of Assiculus and Assiculoides, and unambiguous synapomorphies relating terminal taxa (modified from Springer et al. 1977, Godkin &amp; Winterbottom 1985). Character: 1, parhypural not separate from hypurals 1 + 2; 2, total caudal-fin rays 27 or fewer; 3, infraorbital bones five or fewer; 4, pu 2 haemal spine attached to centrum; 5, opercle with prominent serrations ventral to subopercle junction; 6, anteroventral scale rows on posterior body and caudal peduncle oriented almost vertically; 7, dorsal fin connected to caudal fin by membrane; 8, hypural 5 reduced or absent; 9, pelvic-fin rays I, 4 or fewer; 10, at least some pelvic-fin rays unbranched; 11, only anterodorsal lateral line present; 12, hypochordal longitudinalis muscle inserts on only two caudal-fin rays; 13, palatine teeth absent; 14, lateral extrascapula attached firmly to skull; 15, posterior tip of infraorbital 5 does not contain anterior continuation of pterotic laterosensory canal; 16, supraoccipital crest reduced to ridge of bone; 17, pectoral-fin rays 15 or fewer; 18, opercular spine present; 19, epibranchial 1 plate-like; 20, branchiostegal membranes united; 21, caudal vertebrae 22 or more." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216310/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Figure 1</figureCitation>
) reveals the dorsal-fin connection in congrogadines to be nonhomologous with the condition found in
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA75EFE9D02852537" box="[608,748,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA75EFE9D02852537" box="[608,748,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="08A7C5C0136AFFABA5A9FB0002142120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216315/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1154]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="5C679548136AFFABA5A9FB0002142120" blockId="6.[151,1436,1177,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA5A9FB00017B2085" bold="true" box="[151,274,1177,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Left lateral view of caudal peduncle region of: (A)
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA624FB00038B2084" box="[794,994,1177,1199]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA624FB00038B2084" box="[794,994,1177,1199]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Assiculus punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, WAM P.31013-012, 51.3 mm SL (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 2B); and (B)
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA74DFB21031820E5" box="[627,881,1208,1230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desmonotus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA74DFB21031820E5" box="[627,881,1208,1230]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Assiculoides desmonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, WAM P.31085-009, 46.6 mm SL, holotype (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 2A). Fin membranes shown in dark grey; representative scale row shown in pale yellow. Anterior procurrent rays are obscured by scales.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5C679548136AFFABA5F9FAA90219220B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1327,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">
8. Hypural 5 reduced in size or absent: A relatively well-developed hypural 5 is present in pseudochromines,
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA5A9FACD01682147" box="[151,257,1364,1388]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA5A9FACD01682147" box="[151,257,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Assiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, pseudoplesiopines and anisochromines (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD136AFFABA7E8FACD032B2147" box="[726,834,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1437,1459]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,541,1401]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[153,1438,541,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left lateral view of caudal skeletons of: (A) Pseudochromis fuscus Müller &amp; Troschel (1849) (Pseudochrominae), AMS I. 18469 - 044, 48.0 mm SL; (B) Assiculus punctatus, NTM S. 10016 - 009, 32.2 mm SL. Cartilage shown in dark grey. Outer principal caudal-fin rays indicated by arrows. Abbreviations: EP 1 – 3, epurals 1 – 3; H 1 – 5, hypurals 1 – 5; HSP, haemal spines; NSP, neural spines; PH, parhypural; PU 2 – 3, preural centra 2 – 3; UC, compound urostylar complex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216311/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Figures 2</figureCitation>
A–B, Springer
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA6D1FACC04412147" box="[1007,1064,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
1977, Gill &amp; Edwards 1999). In
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA5A9FAE1014A21BB" box="[151,291,1400,1424]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA5A9FAE1014A21BB" box="[151,291,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is either present as a tiny splint at the posterodorsal corner of hypurals 3+4, or absent (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD136AFFABA030FAEE051E21BB" box="[1294,1399,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1352]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,481,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of caudal skeletons of Assiculoides desmonotus: (A) WAM P. 30929 - 008, 41.3 mm SL, paratype, with short pu 2 neural spine; (B) WAM P. 30929 - 008, 46.2 mm SL, paratype, with long pu 2 neural spine. UNF, uroneural fragment. Other methods of presentation follow Figure 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216312/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Figures 3</figureCitation>
A– B; note that the small bone in the approximate position of hypural
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<figureCitation id="C4E389CD136AFFABA686FA050390219F" box="[952,1017,1436,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1352]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,481,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of caudal skeletons of Assiculoides desmonotus: (A) WAM P. 30929 - 008, 41.3 mm SL, paratype, with short pu 2 neural spine; (B) WAM P. 30929 - 008, 46.2 mm SL, paratype, with long pu 2 neural spine. UNF, uroneural fragment. Other methods of presentation follow Figure 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216312/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B is actually an anomalous uroneural fragment). Hypural 5 is also absent in all congrogadines (Godkin &amp; Winterbottom 1985, Winterbottom 1996).
<collectingCountry id="24CFD5D8136AFFABA043FA5905F521F3" box="[1405,1436,1472,1496]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">As</collectingCountry>
for character 7, other characters reveal the absence of hypural
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<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA6E4FA7D040F21D7" box="[986,1126,1508,1532]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA6E4FA7D040F21D7" box="[986,1126,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and congrogadines to be independently derived (i.e., a homoplasy).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C679548136AFFABA5F9F9B401E3229B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1327,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">In addition, the following character combination allows ready identification of the subfamily: dorsal-fin rays III,25–27 (usually III,26); anal-fin rays III,14–16 (usually III,15); pelvic-fin rays I,5, all segmented rays branched; lateral line represented by an anterodorsal and a posterolateral series of tubed scales; caudal peduncle relatively short (5.2–7.9 % SL).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14C2C6C3136AFFAAA5F9F92504C52616" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5C679548136AFFABA5F9F925043B22D3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1327,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA5F9F925015222FE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1724,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Remarks.</emphasis>
Includes only
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA4E0F925038422FF" authority="Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997" authorityName="Gill &amp; Hutchins" authorityYear="1997" box="[478,1005,1724,1749]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desmonotus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA4E0F925029C22FF" box="[478,757,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Assiculoides desmonotus</emphasis>
Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997
</taxonomicName>
from coastal regions of the Kimberley district of Western
<collectingCountry id="24CFD5D8136AFFABA452F94601BF22D3" box="[364,470,1759,1784]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Australia</collectingCountry>
. See Gill (2004) for a detailed description of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C679548136AFFAAA5F9F89D023C2537" blockId="6.[151,1436,1327,2037]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA5F9F89D01B72337" box="[199,478,1796,1820]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desmonotus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA5F9F89D01B72337" box="[199,478,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Assiculoides desmonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows marked variation in the development of the pu2 neural spine. Of
<specimenCount id="4ADE5EC1136AFFABA03BF89D05F22336" box="[1285,1435,1796,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" type="generic">58 specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136AFFABA58BF8B10131236B" box="[181,344,1832,1856]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="desmonotus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136AFFABA58BF8B10131236B" box="[181,344,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">A. desmonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined (see Gill 2004), 48 (83%) have a short pu2 neural spine that does not extend above the proximal tip of the first epural. The neural spine of the pu3 centrum is cartilage-tipped and long, extending to the dorsal margin of the caudal skeleton, and usually supports the anteriormost procurrent caudal-fin ray. The second epural is much broader than the first. The pu2 haemal spine is not forked distally (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD136AFFABA17AF80D04CD2387" box="[1092,1188,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1352]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,481,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of caudal skeletons of Assiculoides desmonotus: (A) WAM P. 30929 - 008, 41.3 mm SL, paratype, with short pu 2 neural spine; (B) WAM P. 30929 - 008, 46.2 mm SL, paratype, with long pu 2 neural spine. UNF, uroneural fragment. Other methods of presentation follow Figure 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216312/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="134">Figure 3</figureCitation>
A). The remaining
<specimenCount id="4ADE5EC1136AFFABA0BEF80D016523FB" pageId="6" pageNumber="134" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
(17% of total) have an elongate, cartilage-tipped pu2 neural spine, which extends to the dorsal margin of the caudal skeleton and usually supports the anteriormost procurrent caudal-fin ray, thus resembling the pu3 neural spine of specimens with a short pu2 neural spine. The neural spine of the pu3 centrum is relatively short, comparable in length to those of more anterior vertebrae, and neither reaches to the dorsal margin of the caudal skeleton nor supports a ray. The second epural is only slightly broader than the first. The pu2 haemal spine is either forked or unforked distally (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD136BFFAAA4ECFE9D025B2537" box="[466,562,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1352]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,481,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of caudal skeletons of Assiculoides desmonotus: (A) WAM P. 30929 - 008, 41.3 mm SL, paratype, with short pu 2 neural spine; (B) WAM P. 30929 - 008, 46.2 mm SL, paratype, with long pu 2 neural spine. UNF, uroneural fragment. Other methods of presentation follow Figure 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216312/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">Figure 3</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C679548136BFFAAA5F9FEBE04C52616" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">
Anisochromines display similar variation in pu2 neural spine length. Springer
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136BFFAAA106FEB00418256B" box="[1080,1137,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
(1977, p. 4) noted that the pu2 neural spine of
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136BFFAAA442FED50399254F" authority="Springer, Smith &amp; Fraser (1977)" authorityName="Springer, Smith &amp; Fraser" authorityYear="1977" box="[380,1008,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Anisochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="straussi">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136BFFAAA442FED5021C254F" box="[380,629,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">Anisochromis straussi</emphasis>
Springer, Smith &amp; Fraser (1977)
</taxonomicName>
is “usually short, occasionally long.” My observations on the
<typeStatus id="83632BEA136BFFAAA488FEE9018F25A3" box="[438,486,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136BFFAAA7AAFEE9036725AC" box="[660,782,368,391]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Anisochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="straussi">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136BFFAAA7AAFEE9036725AC" box="[660,782,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">A. straussi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and on specimens of the remaining two species in the
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136BFFAAA5A9FE0D013A2586" box="[151,339,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anisochrominae">Anisochrominae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136BFFAAA461FE0D02022586" authority="Smith (1954)" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1954" box="[351,619,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Anisochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kenyae">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136BFFAAA461FE0D01A42587" box="[351,461,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">A. kenyae</emphasis>
Smith (1954)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136BFFAAA79AFE0D04352587" authority="Gill &amp; Fricke (2001)" authorityName="Gill &amp; Fricke" authorityYear="2001" box="[676,1116,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Anisochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mascarenensis">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136BFFAAA79AFE0D03012587" box="[676,872,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">A. mascarenensis</emphasis>
Gill &amp; Fricke (2001)
</taxonomicName>
(see Gill &amp; Fricke 2001 for list of specimens examined), revealed the following variation:
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136BFFAAA664FE2103B825E4" box="[858,977,440,463]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Anisochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="straussi">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136BFFAAA664FE2103B825E4" box="[858,977,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">A. straussi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, short in
<specimenCount id="4ADE5EC1136BFFAAA103FE2E04B125FB" box="[1085,1240,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" type="generic">65 specimens</specimenCount>
, moderately long (reaching above middle of first epural, but not extending to dorsal edge of caudal skeleton) in four specimens, and “full” in
<specimenCount id="4ADE5EC1136BFFAAA43EFD9901F42633" box="[256,413,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
;
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136BFFAAA495FD9902722633" box="[427,539,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Anisochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kenyae">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136BFFAAA495FD9902722633" box="[427,539,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">A. kenyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, short in
<specimenCount id="4ADE5EC1136BFFAAA7B2FD9903402633" box="[652,809,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" type="generic">39 specimens</specimenCount>
, moderately long in two specimens, and “full” in four specimens;
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136BFFAAA424FDBD01B42617" box="[282,477,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Anisochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mascarenensis">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136BFFAAA424FDBD01B42617" box="[282,477,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="135">A. mascarenensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, short in nine specimens, and moderately long in one specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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