608 lines
64 KiB
XML
608 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7777048" ID-ZooBank="33F922CD-6372-427A-912E-DC3CF4641F8D" checkinTime="1679986716763" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Osorno-Muñoz, Mariela, Gutiérrez-Lamus, Doris L., Lynch, John, Keeffe, Rachel, Caicedo-Portilla, José Rancés, Chan, Kin Nok, Tonini, João F. R. & De Sá, Rafael O." docDate="2023" docId="C23387E2FFC2FF88C9F4FD3C614FFE0F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5258.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5258 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synapturanus artifex Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="168" masterDocId="3E0AFF9AFFCEFF9AC963FFB26505FF86" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the Synapturanus rabus complex (Microhylidae: Otophryninae) in Colombia with a review of the genus Synapturanus" masterLastPageNumber="196" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="163" updateTime="1680013218873" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new species of the Synapturanus rabus complex (Microhylidae: Otophryninae) in Colombia with a review of the genus Synapturanus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Osorno-Muñoz, Mariela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-9333-068X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9333 - 068 X</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gutiérrez-Lamus, Doris L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-9801-4544</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9801 - 4544</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lynch, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-6358-1610</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6358 - 1610 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5062 - 2866 Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23173, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Keeffe, Rachel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-5062-2866</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Caicedo-Portilla, José Rancés</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chan, Kin Nok</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tonini, João F. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4730-3805</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4730 - 3805</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>De Sá, Rafael O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-6137-962X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6137 - 962 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5258</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>151</mods:start>
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<mods:end>196</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7777048</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">33F922CD-6372-427A-912E-DC3CF4641F8D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C23387E2FFC2FF88C9F4FD3C614FFE0F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C23387E2FFC2FF88C9F4FD3C614FFE0F" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<subSubSection box="[151,509,654,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[151,509,654,680]" box="[151,509,654,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,509,654,680]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,509,654,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,408,654,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,408,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[415,509,654,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,461,723,747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,461,723,747]" box="[151,461,723,747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,326,723,746]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis box="[151,290,723,746]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Synapturanus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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“
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<collectingRegion box="[341,452,723,747]" country="Peru" name="Amazonas" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,792,893]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-10-18" collectorName="La Chorrera" country="Colombia" elevation="134" latitude="-1.5288055" location="Comunidad de Puerto Oriente" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.67736" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="134" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,368,792,819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<typeStatus box="[151,260,793,819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[279,352,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1402,1426]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,915,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-255@12.[152,1436,915,1379]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Synapturanus artifex sp. nov. Preserved holotype male SINCHI-A 6632 (SVL=15.5mm), (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral views; holotype in life, (D) dorsolateral, and (F) ventral views; alive paratopotype female SINCHI-A 6469, (E) lateral, and (G) ventral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777064/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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SINCHI-A 6632 (SNC-H 405), adult male, collected at Departamento Amazonas, “area no municipalizada”
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<collectorName box="[343,483,829,855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">La Chorrera</collectorName>
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, cabildo indígena Okaina,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C23387E2FFC2FF88C9F4FD3C614FFE0F:4F45602FFFC2FF96CA77FC8F616EFCD1" box="[788,1131,829,855]" country="Colombia" latitude="-1.5288055" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.67736" name="Comunidad de Puerto Oriente" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Comunidad de Puerto Oriente</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1143,1253,829,855]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[1270,1431,829,857]" degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="1" seconds="43.7" value="-1.5288055">01°31′43.7″ S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,322,865,893]" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" precision="1" seconds="38.5" value="-72.67736">72°40′38.5″ W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<specimenCount box="[341,421,865,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="generic">
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<quantity box="[341,417,865,891]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="134.0">
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<elevation box="[341,417,865,891]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="134.0">134 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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, on
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<date box="[468,666,865,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="2019-10-18">
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<collectingDate box="[468,666,865,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" value="2019-10-18">October 18, 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, by Marco Fidel Rochicón and Vitilio Iyokina.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1545,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,379,1545,1571]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
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Adult female SINCHI-A 6469 (MOM 7430), adult males SINCHI-A 6631 (SNC-H 404), SINCHI-A 6633 (SNC-H 406), and SINCHI-A 6518 (MOM 7479); all collected along with the
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<typeStatus box="[1207,1305,1581,1607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">holotype</typeStatus>
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by Zabdiel Anderson Ciake, Alfredo Iyokina, Sofonias Iyokina, Diomedes Vigidima, and Epifanio Ciake.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1545,2039]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,314,1653,1679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: A species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1954" box="[482,636,1653,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[482,636,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Synapturanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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diagnosed by the following combination of characters: 1) SVL small size, adult female SVL =
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<quantity box="[436,536,1689,1715]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="17.6">17.6 mm</quantity>
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(n =1); adult males
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<quantity box="[762,925,1689,1716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.555" metricValueMax="1.59" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="15.55" valueMax="15.9" valueMin="15.2">15.2–15.9 mm</quantity>
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(χ = 15.5 ±
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<quantity box="[1061,1149,1689,1715]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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, n = 4), 2) stout and body elongated, 3) head narrower than body, snout pointed in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view, and ventrally distinctly projecting beyond the edge of the anterior upper jaw, 4) symphysis of lower jaw with an unpigmented notch and external nares with a wide and unpigmented rim, 5) tympanum slightly visible, 6) vocal slits absent, 7) rounded choanae, about equal in diameter to the unpigmented edge of the external narin, 8) vomerine teeth absent, 9) hand formula III>IV>II>I, digits becoming thinner towards their distal ends, fingertips rounded or slightly pointed, fingers bordered by a thin fringe, interdigital membrane absent, 10) subarticular tubercles absent, thenar tubercle elongated, palmar tubercle rounded with undefined edges, 11) adult males with a protuberant and oval-shaped glandular area on the internal surface of distal forearm, extending from the wrist to the middle of the distal forearm and dorsally visible, 12) relative lengths of toes IV>III>V>II>I, toes are thin and subcylindrical with a distal rounded or lanceolate widening, with thin fringes extending from the base of the digits to their distal end, digits lack webbing, 13) inner metatarsal tubercle small and elongated, outer metatarsal tubercle absent, subarticular tubercles absent, unpigmented subarticular spots on toes, 14) knee, heel, and wrist with skin folds, 15) cephalic groove distinct, extending over the head and tympanum and reaching and extending beyond the lower jaw articulation and reaching or distinctly crossing over entire throat, 16) in life dorsal body surfaces dark brown, with or without pale dorsal spots, occipital groove area light brown, edge of tympanum with small orange spots, ventral area of flanks greyish, oblique light brown to orange stripe begins posterior to the eye and extends over the tympanum and broadening towards the arm, ventrally, 17) canthal stripe present or absent, if present poorly defined; canthal stripe formed by a series of small, and discontinuous cream spots, extending from the rostral tip and dorsal to the flank, 18) in life ventral surfaces dark brown on snout and on edges of throat and its anterior surface, lighter on the posterior half of the throat; chest with two triangular-shaped spots that do not meet medially, most of the belly surface translucent,
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<emphasis box="[151,354,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">lineae masculinae</emphasis>
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(Davis and Law, 1935) present, ventral surfaces of thigh light brown, the remaining of ventral leg surfaces dark brown, hands and feet dark brown, thenar and inner metatarsal tubercles, subarticular surfaces, and tip of digits unpigmented, 19) forearm gland cream-colored in preserved specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,436,655,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[199,436,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[447,539,655,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[447,539,655,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName box="[860,955,655,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabus">
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<emphasis box="[860,955,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. rabus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(traits in parenthesis) in being somewhat smaller, SVL
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<quantity box="[305,404,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="17.6">17.6 mm</quantity>
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in
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<specimenCount box="[439,562,691,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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(vs. 17.2-19.0 mm) and SVL
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<quantity box="[896,1058,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.555" metricValueMax="1.59" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="15.55" valueMax="15.9" valueMin="15.2">15.2–15.9 mm</quantity>
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in males (vs.
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<quantity box="[1213,1375,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.6199999999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="16.4" valueMax="16.6" valueMin="16.2">16.2-16.6 mm</quantity>
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);
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<specimenCount pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
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have few and poorly defined pale spots on the back (absent in
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<taxonomicName box="[944,1037,727,753]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabus">
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||
<emphasis box="[944,958,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis box="[973,1037,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">rabus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[1062,1165,727,753]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1062,1165,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. artifex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1174,1265,727,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1174,1265,727,753]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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lacks irregular markings on the posterior limbs (most specimens have irregular spots on one or both legs in
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<taxonomicName box="[1182,1273,763,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1182,1273,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. rabus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), gray flank, a light brown stripe runs obliquely posteroventral to the eye and broadening towards the arm (uniformly dark brown), entire belly, central area of chest, and proximal throat translucent gray, lacking brown pigmentation (only the central part of belly is translucent gray).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,434,907,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,434,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males are smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[704,797,907,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[704,797,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. danta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL 15.2-15.9 vs. 17.6-17.9).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[1160,1395,907,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1160,1395,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[374,517,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebrosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[374,517,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. latebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[522,611,943,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[522,611,943,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(traits in parenthesis) SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[915,1014,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="17.6">17.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1048,1170,943,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
(vs. 20.0-22.0 mm) and SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[210,368,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.555" metricValueMax="1.59" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="15.55" valueMax="15.9" valueMin="15.2">15.2-15.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males (vs. 18.1-19.0 mm).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[705,939,979,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,939,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[946,1035,979,1005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[946,1035,979,1005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a longer tibia, 42% of SVL (vs. 37%), and also larger eyes than
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[513,658,1015,1041]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebrosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[513,658,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. latebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[665,756,1015,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[665,756,1015,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
judging by the ED/END ratio,
|
||
<quantity box="[1111,1175,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7779999999999998" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="in" value="0.7">0.7 in</quantity>
|
||
average for both sexes (vs. 0.6).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[260,495,1051,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[260,495,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[503,594,1051,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[503,594,1051,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a broad, unpigmented midventral area that extends over the chest and throat, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[355,497,1087,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebrosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[355,497,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. latebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[503,591,1087,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[503,591,1087,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
it is narrow and circumscribed to the belly. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[1103,1203,1087,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1103,1117,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1130,1203,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1209,1297,1087,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1209,1297,1087,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the cephalic groove crosses over the entire throat whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[692,836,1123,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latebrosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[692,836,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. latebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[843,933,1123,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[843,933,1123,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
it slightly extends beyond the lower jaw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,435,1159,1185]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,435,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[444,535,1159,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[444,535,1159,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[689,813,1159,1185]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[689,813,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. sacratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[822,914,1159,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[822,914,1159,1185]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(traits in parenthesis) in being slightly larger, SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[211,312,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="17.6">17.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<specimenCount box="[349,474,1195,1221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
(vs. 16.9,
|
||
<quantity box="[595,696,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="17.3">17.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<specimenCount box="[733,872,1195,1221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
) and SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[996,1163,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.555" metricValueMax="1.59" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="15.55" valueMax="15.9" valueMin="15.2">15.2 -15.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males (vs. 14.0, 15.0 mm in
|
||
<specimenCount box="[234,355,1231,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[375,611,1231,1257]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[375,611,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[620,712,1231,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[620,712,1231,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
exhibits a poorly defined faint canthal line when present (vs. a conspicuous and continuous canthal stripe that becomes discontinuous over the body flanks); in life,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[1293,1395,1267,1293]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1293,1307,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1322,1395,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a thick, light brown to orange stripe running obliquely over the tympanum toward the ventral arm (vs. not evident in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[267,389,1339,1365]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[267,389,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. sacratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[395,483,1339,1365]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[395,483,1339,1365]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); cephalic groove distinctly crosses over the entire throat (vs. cephalic groove slightly extends beyond the lower jaw).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,433,1411,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,433,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[440,529,1411,1437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[440,529,1411,1437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[651,809,1410,1437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.555" metricValueMax="1.59" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="15.55" valueMax="15.9" valueMin="15.2">15.2-15.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males is clearly smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nelson and Lescure" authorityYear="1975" box="[1169,1369,1411,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandariberoi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1169,1369,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. mirandariberoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL 27.0–
|
||
<quantity box="[215,317,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.17" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="31.7">31.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyburn" authorityYear="1975" box="[448,554,1447,1473]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salseri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[448,554,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. salseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[641,801,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.505" metricValueMax="2.6399999999999997" metricValueMin="2.37" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="25.049999999999997" valueMax="26.4" valueMin="23.7">23.7-26.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[933,1042,1447,1473]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zombie">
|
||
<emphasis box="[933,1042,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. zombie</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL 37.0-
|
||
<quantity box="[1180,1284,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="40.6">40.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesomorphus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. mesomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL 22.9-26.0 mm in males), and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[722,860,1483,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ajuricaba">
|
||
<emphasis box="[722,860,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. ajuricaba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL 29.3-33.2 mmv in males).
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[207,296,1519,1545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[207,296,1519,1545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
lacks any pattern of speckles, spots or blotches on the back present to a greater or lesser extent in the above-mentioned species, although the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[594,692,1555,1581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and another male of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[928,1029,1555,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[928,1029,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1037,1126,1555,1581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1037,1126,1555,1581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shows few whitish spots of diffuse contours. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[373,473,1591,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[373,473,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">S. artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[479,567,1591,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[479,567,1591,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the forearm gland is scattered and reaches up to the middle vs. protruding and concentrated towards the wrist in
|
||
<emphasis box="[530,640,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyburn" authorityYear="1975" box="[530,636,1627,1653]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salseri">S. salseri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,494,1662,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[378,489,1663,1689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An adult male with a protruding and elongated glandular surface, broader near the wrist, on the inner distal forearm; the glandular area extends over the middle of the forearm and is dorsally visible; body smooth, ovoid in dorsal view, small (SVL =
|
||
<quantity box="[706,810,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
); head triangular, almost as wide as long (HL = 4.2, HW = 4.1), snout tip acuminate, snout projects beyond the anterior edge of the upper jaw (SL/SW= 0.7); nostrils with a distinct light colored rim, directed laterally; the eye–nostril distance is slightly greater than the eye diameter (END =
|
||
<quantity box="[174,263,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ED =
|
||
<quantity box="[343,433,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis box="[453,641,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
defined, loreal region concave below marked by a distinct groove that reaches from the antero–ventral edge of eye to the posteroventral edge of nostril, interorbital area concave, IOD =
|
||
<quantity box="[151,238,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, without occipital fold, a distinct shallow cephalic groove extending over the tympanum and barely exceeding the level of the lower jaw; tympanum visible, TD =
|
||
<quantity box="[787,877,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; vocal slits absent, tongue less wide than the oral cavity, tongue thin on posterior free edges; vomerine teeth absent; rounded choanae widely separated. Anterior and posterior limbs robust and short, hands without webbing, finger relative lengths III>IV>II>I, hand digits distally pointed, with narrow fringes on digits, subarticular tubercles absent, subarticular surfaces light colored, small and oval thenar tubercle located at the base of finger I, palmar tubercle rounded with poorly defined edges; distinct folds on knee and heel, less distinct on wrist and metatarsal area; toes lack webbing, toes subcylindrical and slightly expanded distally, distal tips lanceolate and flat in lateral view, except toe I that is distally pointed, toes with narrow fringes along their length, external edge of toe I reaches the ventral edge of the internal metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles absent, inner metatarsal tubercle elongated, small, at the base of toe I; toes relative lengths IV>III>V>II>I; tibia length TBL =
|
||
<quantity box="[550,638,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, about 43% of snout–vent length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,382,438,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Live coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal body surfaces dark brown with few and poorly defined whitish spots, ventral flank gray, light brown band extends from behind the eye and broadening towards the arm, iris dark brown, dorsal articular surfaces and distal tips of fingers and toes unpigmented. Ventrolateral surfaces of throat dark brown distally as well as the snout, surfaces of hands and feet, forelimbs, tibia, and feet, light brown on medial and proximal areas of throat, as well as two separate patches on chest; edges of belly and thighs translucent gray, translucent, whitish central belly without brown pigmentation as in medial area of chest and over the fold between the throat and chest,
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,355,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">lineae masculinea</emphasis>
|
||
visible. Subarticular surfaces of fingers and toes unpigmented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,624,690,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Coloration of Preserved Specimens</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsally dark brown, with diffuse white to cream dots, ventral flanks and post-ocular band broadening towards the arm cream, the translucent ventral areas in life turn into light cream. Articular surfaces on fingers and toes cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,604,798,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[415,524,799,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(mm).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SLV 15.5; HL 4.2; HW 4.1; HL/ESD 1.8; SL/SW 0.7, TD 0.9, ESD 2.3, END 1.5, ED 1.2, ED/END 0.8, TBL 6.7, IOD 2.2, TBL/SVL 0.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,518,870,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Variation in the type series</emphasis>
|
||
. Measurement data for the type series are given in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1090,1172,871,897]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="15.[152,245,472,498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric proportions of specimens of Synapturanus latebrosus sp. nov., S. artifex sp. nov., S. sacratus sp. nov., S. rabus, S. salseri, and S. danta. Mean followed by 1S.E (range). The relative eye diameter (ED/SVL) was calculated with 2 S.D. for comparisons with Pyburn, 1975. * Holotype or type series; **This study" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1226,1327,871,897]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="15.[152,245,472,498]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric proportions of specimens of Synapturanus latebrosus sp. nov., S. artifex sp. nov., S. sacratus sp. nov., S. rabus, S. salseri, and S. danta. Mean followed by 1S.E (range). The relative eye diameter (ED/SVL) was calculated with 2 S.D. for comparisons with Pyburn, 1975. * Holotype or type series; **This study" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Table S2</tableCitation>
|
||
. The canthal stripe is present in the female and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[585,703,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
; in the female SINCHI-A 6469 it is barely visible, discontinuous, and reaches the flank; in male SINCHI-A 6631 is distinct, discontinuous, and extends only to the area above the insertion of the forearm; in male SINCHI-A 6518 consists of dots over the posterior part of the
|
||
<emphasis box="[1247,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
and over the eyelid, in male SINCHI-A 6633, as well as on the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[863,964,1015,1041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the canthal stripe is absent. The posterior surface of the throat can be translucent; the translucent belly can bear areas of small brown dots. Female SINCHI-A 6469 has two visible eggs (3.5 and
|
||
<quantity box="[546,633,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) at their longest side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,328,1123,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. A Latin noun in aposition meaning artist, in allusion to the skills and extraordinary designs that Okaina, Uitoto, Bora, and Muinane indigenous peoples capture in their basketry in which they depict their life in nature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,1203,1230,1257]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,445,1230,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[360,431,1230,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1713,1737]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,785,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-278@9.[151,1436,777,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Current known distribution of new species of Synapturanus; symbols with black edges and a black dot identify type localities; the pentagon corresponds to S. sp. “Colombia” (Fouquet et al.. 2021a) which was homogenized as S. latebrosus in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[452,686,1231,1257]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[452,686,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[693,783,1231,1257]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[693,783,1231,1257]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1058,1106,1231,1257]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,400,1266,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Tadpole (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[312,385,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,250,877,901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,853]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[151,1436,181,853]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. (A) Synapturanus artifex nest in a shallow hole under rootlets, Departamento, Amazonas “área no municipalizada” San Rafael de Caraparaná, (B) Tadpoles close up." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777068/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
During a sampling at Comunidad San Rafael del Caraparaná, “área no municipalizada El Encanto”, on April, 2022, one clutch, with
|
||
<specimenCount box="[635,752,1303,1329]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="larva">two larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
was found in the soil, when removing the rootlets layer. The
|
||
<specimenCount box="[151,269,1339,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="larva">two larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
at stage 35 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gosner, K. L." box="[415,563,1339,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="183 - 190" refId="ref24716" refString="Gosner, K. L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae wit notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183 - 190." type="journal article" year="1960">Gosner 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have a total length of 11.9 and
|
||
<quantity box="[933,1036,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="10.4">10.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, a body width of
|
||
<quantity box="[1237,1324,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
and a tail length of 6.4 and
|
||
<quantity box="[351,438,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
respectively. Each larva is embedded in a viscous and translucent jelly about
|
||
<quantity box="[1320,1407,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and the complete posture contained in its hole in the ground measures about
|
||
<quantity box="[1102,1183,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The larvae were pinkish in life, cream in preservative, with fine brown marbling on the head and along the dorsal midline extending up to the tail proximally. No opercular folds are visible. The tail is oval in cross section, without fins, and it is 54% of the total length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,533,1554,1580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Advertisement Call (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[448,517,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,971,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-48@17.[147,1439,961,1805]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Advertisement call of Synapturanus atifex sp. nov. (SINCHI-A 7110, male, SVL= 15.45 mm). (A) spectrogram, (B) oscilogram, (C) power spectrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777070/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-10-19" collectingDateMax="2021-08-30" collectingDateMin="2019-10-19" collectorName="La Chorrera" country="Colombia" elevation="134" latitude="-2.5288055" location="Departamento Amazonas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.664894" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" specimenCount="268">
|
||
Calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[636,870,1555,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[636,870,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[878,968,1555,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[878,968,1555,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were recorded from two individuals. The first individual recorded on
|
||
<date box="[468,666,1591,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" value="2019-10-19">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[468,666,1591,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" value="2019-10-19">October 19, 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at 20:00 hrs., air temperature of 26.9°C, and 91% relative humidity was not possible to collect with SINCHI-A 6631(https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16943425). It was recorded from Puerto Oriente, at
|
||
<specimenCount box="[432,515,1663,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity box="[432,511,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="134.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[432,511,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="134.0">134 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
, “área no municipalizada”
|
||
<collectorName box="[832,972,1663,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">La Chorrera</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[991,1133,1664,1691]" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" precision="1" seconds="43.7" value="-1.5288055">1°31’43.7″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1148,1315,1664,1691]" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" precision="1" seconds="38.5" value="-72.67736">72°40’38.5″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Departamento Amazonas,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[361,475,1699,1725]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-10-19" collectingDateMax="2021-08-30" collectingDateMin="2019-10-19" collectorName="La Chorrera" country="Colombia" elevation="134" latitude="-2.5288055" location="Departamento Amazonas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.664894" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" specimenCount="268">
|
||
The second individual corresponds to voucher SINCHI-A 7110 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1215,1283,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,971,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-48@17.[147,1439,961,1805]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Advertisement call of Synapturanus atifex sp. nov. (SINCHI-A 7110, male, SVL= 15.45 mm). (A) spectrogram, (B) oscilogram, (C) power spectrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7777070/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), (https://doi. org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16943425) recorded on
|
||
<date box="[699,883,1735,1761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" value="2021-08-30">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[699,883,1735,1761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" value="2021-08-30">August 30, 2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at 21:30 hrs., air temperature of 25.6°C, and 81% relative humidity recorded from Puerto Oriente, at
|
||
<specimenCount box="[740,822,1771,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity box="[740,819,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="134.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[740,819,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="134.0">134 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
, “área no municipalizada”
|
||
<collectorName box="[1136,1275,1771,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">La Chorrera</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1293,1431,1772,1799]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" precision="1" seconds="43.7" value="-2.5288055">2°31′43.7″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,315,1808,1835]" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" precision="1" seconds="53.6" value="-72.664894">72°39′53.6″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C23387E2FFC2FF88C9F4FD3C614FFE0F:4F45602FFFC0FF94C82CF8BD6769F8AF" box="[335,620,1807,1833]" country="Colombia" latitude="-2.5288055" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.664894" name="Departamento Amazonas" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Departamento Amazonas</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[631,741,1807,1833]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation box="[756,841,1807,1833]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="16.[151,239,665,691]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 3. Acoustic variables of Synapturanus: Note length (NL), Dominant Frequency (DoL), Delta Frequency (DeF), Pulses, Internote length (Internote). Values show mean with range in parentheses." pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá, 2023" authorityName="Osorno-Muñoz & Gutiérrez-Lamus & Lynch & Keeffe & Caicedo-Portilla & Chan & Tonini & De Sá" authorityYear="2023" box="[330,565,1843,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="artifex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[330,565,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Synapturanus artifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[574,664,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[574,664,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 3) consists of single (one pulsed note, Guild C sensu Emmrich
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,211,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020) tonal notes (mean note length 0.040, range
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[811,875,1878,1905]" degrees="0.029" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="0.029">0.029</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[875,946,1878,1905]" degrees="0.052" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="-0.052">-0.052</geoCoordinate>
|
||
seconds, SD=0.007) and interval between notes between 5.35 and 17.54 seconds (χ = 7.52), dominant frequency between 1639 and 2224 Hz (χ = 1904 Hz, SD=216.9). The calls have a descendent modulation frequency.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,1935,2034]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,392,1935,1961]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Natural History</emphasis>
|
||
. In 2019, specimens were collected in a secondary forest during nights with light rain; we found them by gently removing the thick layer of rootlets of the floor, below the leaf litter. In 2021, specimens were collected on a night with no rain, but after a heavy downpour in the afternoon. They were calling everywhere and the caller specimen SINCHI-A 7110 (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[530,614,151,177]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="16.[151,239,665,691]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 3. Acoustic variables of Synapturanus: Note length (NL), Dominant Frequency (DoL), Delta Frequency (DeF), Pulses, Internote length (Internote). Values show mean with range in parentheses." pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) was collected in an “indigenous chagra” (traditional crop system), about half a hectare in size, with no trees to shade the ground in the daytime. According to the owner of the “chagra” this forest named “monte bravo” was cut down to make the settlement 40 years ago, this “chagra” area has been cut and burned several times, most recently a year ago. The male was singing in the root of a bush about
|
||
<quantity box="[1228,1297,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
depth under the rootlets. In 2022, specimens were collected in a secondary forest which was used as a cattle breeding pasture in the 70’s. The adults were found under the rootlets, about
|
||
<quantity box="[817,886,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
depth; in the same microhabitat where the adults were found, one postures with
|
||
<specimenCount box="[496,613,367,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="larva">two larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
was collected in a small hollow in the soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |